STATISTICS

Principles of Statistics
ETC1052/BTC 1042/ITC 1032
Semester 1

Dr. G.W.Chithranie Wijayasundara

Department of Science for Technology

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Syllabus
Module Title: Principles of Statistics
Module Code:ETC1052/BTC 1052/ITC 1032
Credits: 2
Aim of Module: To gain basic knowledge about the principles of statistics.
Topics: Introduction
Data collection
Sampling and designs of experiments
Exploring and presenting data
Regression
Summarization of data
Assessment: Continuous Assessment-Assignments 40%
End semester written examination 60 %

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LMS
• Site home->Common Courses -> Year 1->
Batch 5-Semester 1->ETC/BTC 1052, ITC 1032
Principles of Statistics

All course materials and assignments will be uploaded to the LMS

Zoom link for the lecture series is given in the announcements

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Introduction

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Statistics
Statistics is science of collecting, analyzing
presenting and interpreting data.

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Collecting Data
Data become information, when they are relevant to
our decision problem.

• Good data can be analyzed and summarized to

obtain useful information.
• Bad data can also be analyzed and summarized. But
it provides incorrect or non-informative information.

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• Data collection is the foundation of statistical

analysis.
• If data are faulty, the conclusions drawn are
not reliable.

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Collecting Data
• School closures in South Asia due to the COVID-19 pandemic have
interrupted the learning of 434 million children. According
to UNICEF’s research, a substantial proportion of students and their
parents reported that students learnt significantly less compared to pre-
pandemic levels. In India, 80 per cent of children aged 14-18 years
reported lower levels of learning than when physically at school. Similarly,
in Sri Lanka, 69 per cent of parents of primary school children reported
that their children were learning “less” or “a lot less.”
-A UNICEF report -September 2021

Assume : parents of primary school children =1 million

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Sampling

Population Sample

Assume : parents of primary school children =1 million

Sampling : Process of obtaining information from all the units in the representative
sample of obtained from the population.

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Analyzing and presenting

Presentation
The data should be presented in methodical way to facilitate
statistical analysis.
Bar chart, Pie chart, Line graph, Histogram
Analysis
Use Statistical software (eg: Minitab)

https://www.worldometers.info/coronavirus
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Interpretation

The interpretation of data assigns a meaning to the information analyzed

Interpretation
Need skill and talent
Correct interpretation leads to take valid conclusions.

Conclusions/facts reveal something about our

decision problem.

Facts-> Decisions

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Applications
• Generally, statistics is the logic of uncertainty.
• It assist you to take decisions under uncertainties.

• E.g.: 11 – 1 = 10 (certain)

???
Uncertain
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Functions of Statistics
• Simplifies complexity
• Facilitates comparison
• Presents facts in a definite form
• Investigates trends
• Helps in forecasting
• Helps in formulating and testing hypothesis
• Facilitates to design experiments

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• Simplifies complexity

https://www.worldometers.info/coronavirus
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• Facilitates comparison

https://www.worldometers.info/coronavirus
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• Presents facts in a definite form

https://www.worldometers.info/coronavirus
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• Investigates trends
• Helps in forecasting

https://www.worldometers.info/coronavirus
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• Helps in formulating and testing hypothesis

New instrument After 3 years

Performance -> Within
Within manufacturer’s
manufacturer’s
specifications
specifications ????

We assume the instrument has same performance.

Statistically we check if our assumption is correct.

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• Facilitates to design experiments

Plot 1 Plot 2 Plot 3

1.Apply different amount of fertilizer

2.Measure the harvest
3. Investigate the relationship between amount of fertilizer used and
resultant harvest

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before or after ?

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Applications of statistics
Exercise 1:
Functions
• 1. • Simplifies complexity
• Facilitates comparison
• 2. • Presents facts in a definite
form
• 3. • Investigates trends
• Helps in forecasting
• 4. • Helps in formulating and
testing hypothesis
• 5 • Facilitates to design
experiments

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