LL.M.

,
Curriculum and Syllabus

BRANCH: CRIMINAL LAW

CRESCENT CENTRE FOR POST

GRADUATE LEGAL STUDIES
 Programme Structure

LL.M. (Crimninal Law)

Nature of Subjects No. Subjects Credits

Mandatory Common Courses* 5 24

Specialized Core 8 32

Discipline Specific Elective 2 8

Generic Elective 2 8

Internship** 1 2

Total 18 74

* Except Dissertation, all other Mandatory Common Courses has 4 credits each and the
assigned credit for Dissertation (Mandatory Course) is 8 Credits.
** It is compulsory for the students to complete 4 weeks (144 Hours) of research internships.
For a research internship, one credit implies a minimum of 36 hours of engagement in
internship activities in a week. An engagement of 144 hours is needed to gain the assigned
credits. Internship shall be bifurcated and carried after the second (2 weeks) and fourth (2
weeks) semester.

This PG Programme consist of 74 credits in Total. There shall be 5 Mandatory Common Papers
including Dissertation. The credit allotted for Mandatory Common papers except Dissertation
is 4 credit to a maximum of 16 credits and Dissertation carries 8 credits. There shall be 8
Specialized Core Papers each carrying 4 credits to a maximum of 32 credits, 2 Discipline
Specific Elective Papers each carrying 4 credits to a maximum of 8 credits, 1 Internship of 2
credits. The students shall elect 2 Elective Papers offered by other departments within the
centre and each paper carrying 4 credits to a maximum of 8 credits.
Sl. No. Course Code Course Name Credit
SEMESTER - I
1 MLE 6101 Law and Justice in a Globalising World 4
2 MLE 6102 Criminal Justice Administration 4
3 MLE 6103 Criminology, Penology & Victimology 4
4 MLE 6104 Research Methodology 4
5 Elective - I (Discipline Specific) 4
20
SEMESTER - II
1 MLE 6201 Comparative Public Law 4
2 MLE 6202 Judicial Process 4
3 MLE 6203 Sentencing Process & Comparative Practices 4
4 MLE 6204 Drug Abuse & Criminal Justice System 4
5 Elective - II (Discipline Specific) 4
20
SEMESTER - III
1 MLE 7101 Cyber Crime & Digital Forensics 4
2 MLE 7102 International Criminal Law & Justice 4
3 MLE 7103 Corporate & White Collar Crimes 4
4 MLE 7104 Criminal Psychology 4
5 Elective - III (Generic) 4
20
SEMESTER - IV
1 MLE 7201 Dissertation 8
2 Elective - IV (Generic) 4
3 MLE 7202 Internship 2
14
 LIST OF ELECTIVE COURSES

SEMESTER - I

Criminal Law relating to Women and

1 MLE Y011 Elective - I
Children
(Discipline
2 MLE Y012 Hate Crimes and Criminal Law Policy Specific)
SEMESTER - II
3 MLE Y021 Criminal Justice Research Elective - II
(Discipline
4 MLE Y022 Criminalistics and Scientific Investigation Specific)
SEMESTER - III
5 MLE Y031 Teaching and Learning Pedagogy
MLE Y032 Scientific Tools for Social Science Elective - III
6 Research (Generic)
SEMESTER - IV
7 MLE Y041 Massive Open Online Course
Elective - III
8 MLE Y042 Law Startups and Entrepreneurial Skills (Generic)
 LAW AND JUSTICE IN A GLOBALIZING L T P C
WORLD
1 1 4 4

OBJECTIVES:

The core objectives of this course are to expose the postgraduate students to:

 the intersections of law and justice, that justice may or may not be the necessary
outcome of the legal process;
 the structures through which law, especially international law, operates;
 the understanding that globalization and/or de-globalization indeed challenges our
conceptualization of law and legal process;
 the need to align international law to the demands of global justice, and especially
against the brutal forces of global poverty, hunger and inequality.

MODULE I The Concept and the Nature of Law 05 Hrs

1. What is the function of public law?

2. How law relates to the social function of “order”?
3. How does international law operate?
4. Does international law serve the objectives of justice?

MODULE II Law and the Changing World 10 Hrs

1. How globalization affects the function of law?

2. Could there be a “global law”? What could be its nature?
3. How de-globalization re-situates the position of international law?
4. Could we mainstream the critique of international law towards better ends?

MODULE III The “Order” of Justice and the “Rule” of Law 15 Hrs

1. Is justice dispensation as necessary function of law?

2. Could international law deliver justice beyond statehood?
3. How individuals and/or groups could access justice employing the tools of
international law?
 4. How could international law regulate the working of Transnational Corporations
(TNCs)?
5. Could there be a role for international law in the governance of Global Value Chains
(GVCs)?
6. How could we imagine the emancipatory character of international law to reduce
global poverty and hunger?

MODULE IV International Organizations and the Domestic Rule of 10 Hrs

Law

1. What is the role of an International Organization in global governance? Is global

governance actually possible?
2. Who benefits from global governance? How could we benefit the global commons?
3. What is the role Domestic Courts in establishing the international rule of law?
4. How could we understand the territoriality and borders in the context of transnational
movement of goods, services, and now infections?
5. What is meant by Global Justice? How could we achieve it?

MODULE V ASSIGNMENT 20 Hrs

The students shall be asked to prepare an assignment of atleast 3000 words on any topic of
their choice. However, the topic must be routed through the course instructor at the first
instance.

L- 15 ; T- 15 ; P- 30 ; TOTAL HOURS-60

REFERENCES

1. Sir Hersch Lauterpacht, The Function of Law in the International Community (Oxford
University Press 2011)
2. Maurice Kamto and Yogesh Tyagi (eds.) The Access of Individuals to International
Justice (Brill Publications 2019)
3. Cançado Trindade, ‘International Law for Humankind: Towards a New Jus Gentium
(I): General Course on Public International Law’, in 316 Collected Courses of The
Hague Academy of International Law 336-46 (2005)
4. Steven R. Ratner, The Thin Justice of International Law: A Moral Reckoning of the
Law of Nations (Oxford University Press 2015)
5. David Kennedy, A World of Struggle: How Power, Law, and Expertise Shape Global
Political Economy (Princeton University Press 2016)
6. Philip Allott, Eutopia: New Philosophy and New Law for a Troubled World (Edward
Elgar 2017)
7. Vaughan Lowe, ‘The Limits of Law’ in 379 Collected Courses of The Hague Academy
 of International Law, The Hague Academy of International Law (Brill/Nijhoff,
Leiden/Boston 2016)

ARTICLES/BOOK CHAPTERS:

On Law/International Law

8. Melville M. Bigelow, ‘Definition of Law’, 5(1) Columbia Law Review (January

1905) 1
9. Philip Allott, ‘The Concept of International Law’, 10 European Journal of
International Law (1999) 31
10. Philip Allott, ‘The True Function of Law in the International Community’, 5(2)
Indiana Journal of Global Legal Studies (1998) 391
11. American Society of International Law (ASIL) web site: “International Law: 100
Ways it Shapes Our Lives” http://www.asil.org/asil100/ways.html “
12. American Society of International Law (ASIL) web site: “International Law: 50
Ways it Harms Our Lives” http://www.asil.org/ilpost/president/50_ways.pdf

On Globalization/De-globalization

13. Wolf, “The World’s Hunger for Public Goods,” Financial Times, January 25, 2012
14. Jeffrey, ‘What is Globalisation?’, The Guardian, October 31, 2002
15. Jentleson, ‘Global Governance in a Copernican World’, Global Governance, 18 (No
2, 2012)
16. Markus Kornprobst and Jon Wallace, ‘What is Deglobalisation?’, Chatham House
(October 18, 2021) < https://www.chathamhouse.org/2021/10/what-deglobalization>
17. Joseph E. Stiglitz, Getting Deglobalization Right, Project Syndicate (May 01, 2022)
< https://www.project-syndicate.org/commentary/deglobalization-and-its-
discontents-by-joseph-e-stiglitz-2022-05>
18. Pascal Lamy and Nicolas Köhler-Suzuki, ‘Deglobalization Is Not Inevitable’, Foreign
Affairs (June 9, 2022) < https://www.foreignaffairs.com/articles/world/2022-06-
09/deglobalization-not-inevitable>

On Law and Global Order

19. Bull, Boas, McNiell, ‘Private Sector Influence in the Multilateral System: A Changing
Structure of World Governance?’ Global Governance (2004) 10
20. Duncan Kennedy, ‘Three Globalizations of Law and Legal Thought: 1850-2000’ in
David Trubek and Alvaro Santos (eds.), The New Law and Economic Development: A
Critical Appraisal (2006) 63
21. B.S. Chimni, ‘International Institutions Today: An Imperial Global State in the
 Making’, European Journal of International Law (2004) 15
22. David P. Fidler, ‘Globalization, International Law, and Emerging Infectious
Diseases’, 2(2) Emerging Infectious Diseases (1996) 77
23. Martti Koskenniemi, International Law and the Far Right: Reflections on Law and
Cynicism, 4th Annual T.M.C. Asser Lecture (T.M.C. Asser Press 2019)

On Globalization and Justice

24. Margot Salomon, ‘Poverty, Privilege and International Law: The Millennium
Development Goals and the Guise of Humanitarianism’, German Yearbook of
International Law 51 (2008)
25. Philip Alston, ‘The Myopia of the Handmaidens: International Lawyers and
Globalisation’, European Journal of International Law 3 (1997)
26. M. Sornarajah, ‘The Asian Perspective to International Law in the age of
Globalisation’, Singapore Journal of International and Comparative Law 5 (2001)
27. Erica de Wet, ‘The International Constitutional Order’, International and
Comparative Law Quarterly 51 (2006)
28. Kanishka Jayasuriya, ‘Globalization, Law, and the Transformation of Sovereignty:
The Emergence of Global Regulatory Governance”
29. Upendra Baxi, ‘The New International Economic Order, Basic Needs and Rights:
Notes towards Development of the Right to Development’, Indian Journal of
International Law, 23 (1983)
30. Stephen Marks, ‘The Human Right to Development: Between Rhetoric and
Development’, Harvard Human Rights Journal, 17 (2004)

OUTCOMES:

On successful completion of this course, the students should be able to:

 appreciate globalization and/or de-globalization processes;

 understand and situate the function of law both domestically and internationally;
 create a link between domestic and international rule of law;
 appreciate the relevance of international law for the governance of the world;
 understand the apprehensions of the third world from any emerging legal order from a
critical standpoint.
 RESEARCH METHODOLOGY L T P C

1 1 4 4

OBJECTIVES:

● This paper will make students understand research methodology and different components of
legal research and their application.
● The paper will attempt to instill rational tools of analysis in the students so that their
research contributes to the development of sociolegal dimensions
MODULE I INTRODUCTION 12 Hrs
Meaning of Research-Types of Research – Scientifics Method- Social Science Research-use of
Scientific methods in Social Research- Legal Research-Scope and Importance of Legal
Research- Inter-disciplinary research, Common law and Civil law systems, Legal writing and
its significance.

MODULE II LEGAL RESEARCH AND METHODOLOGY 12 Hrs

Sources of information, Identification and formulation of a research problem, Review of

literature, Formulation of hypothesis, Research design, Methods of legal research: doctrinal and
non-doctrinal research, Preparation of synopsis, Rules of interpretation.

MODULE III RESEARCH METHODS 12 Hrs

Research Design, Various Steps in Research: Research Process, Research Problem:

Identification and Formulation, Hypothesis, Use of Library, Use of Modern Technology/
Computer Assisted Research, Tools and Techniques for Collection of Data- Analysis and
Interpretation of Data, Use of Deductive and Inductive Methods in Research, Preparation of
Research Report and Writing of Research report, Budgeting of Research, Ethical and Legal
Issues: Plagiarism and Copyright Violation.

MODULE IV RESEARCH TECHNIQUES 12 Hrs

Data collection: tools and techniques, Sampling procedure, Survey and Case study method,
Scaling and Content Analysis, Use of Questionnaires, Schedule, Observation and Interview,
Legal Material, Interpretation and Analyzing Data, Statistical tools.

MODULE V LEGAL WRITING AND PARA-LEGAL 12 Hrs

ACTIVITIES
Report/Article writing, Citation methodology, Book review and case comments, Organization
of seminars, Publication of journals, Clinical legal education: legal aid, legal literacy camp, legal
survey, law reforms, Essentials of Good Legal Writing, Structured Legal Writing: Organization
of Legal Materials, Framing of Write Up: Research Question, Title, Identifying relevant areas
of law, Identifying Literature and Case Laws, Analysis, Discussion, Recommendations and
Conclusion, Judicial writing Citation, Reference and Footnoting, Editing and Proof reading,
Writing of Research Proposal Dissertation/ Thesis Writing

L- 15 ; T- 15 ; P- 30 ; TOTAL HOURS-60

REFERENCES

1. Pauline, V.; Scientific Social Survey and Research; Prentice-Hall of India

2. Madhava Menon, N.R.; A Handbook of Clinical Legal Education; Tata McGraw Hill
3. William, Goode; Methods in Social Research; Tata McGraw Hill
4. Journal on Research Methodology; Indian Law Institute
5. Index to Indian and Foreign Legal Articles; National Law University, Delhi
6. Bruce L. Berg, Qualitative Research Methods For The Social Sciences (London,
Allyn and Bacon, 2001).
7. C.R. Kothari, Research Methodology: Methods and Techniques (New Delhi: Wiley
8. Eastern Ltd., 1985).
9. Dennis P. Forcese and Stephen Richer (ed.), Stages of Social Research –
10. Contemporary Perspectives (New Jersey : Prentice Hall Inc., Englewood Cliffs,
1970).

OUTCOMES:

On successful completion of this course, students should be able to:

 The course on Research Methodology develops necessary understanding in

scholars about nature, techniques, and tools of research in their respective field of study
while.
 preparing them to produce research of high quality. Scholars are encouraged to get into
the emerging areas of original and purposive research.
 Main focus is on ability for identification and formulation of research problem,
preparation of research design and collection of data in order to develop necessary skills
for analysis and interpretation of data.
 preparation of research report and production of quality writings.
 CRIMINAL JUSTICE SYSTEM L T P C

2 2 0 4

OBJECTIVES OF THE COURSE:

 To understand the jurisprudential basis of crime, criminal justice system and

administrationin India.
 To acquire an understanding on correctional system and alternatives to
imprisonmentwithin the realm of criminal justice administration.
 To understand the role played by different functionaries in the criminal justice
administration to meet the challenges of the modern India.
 The need for reforms and new challenges in the wake of growing importance and
realisationof victim’s rights and necessity to involve all the stakeholders for ensuring
justice to all.
MODULE I CRIME AND CRIMINAL LAW 12 Hrs

a) Meaning, Nature, Scope – Characteristic features of crime – Essential elements of

crime
– Classification of Crime – Theories of crime
b) Factors / Causations leading to crime – Reactions to crime – Prevention of crime
c) Principles of criminal law – Criminal law and its role

MODULE II PHILOSOPHY OF CRIMINAL JUSTICE SYSTEM 12 Hrs

a) The Constitution and Criminal Justice System – Challenges of Criminal Justice

System –
Reform Strategy
b) Ethics in Criminal Justice System – Issues in Criminal Justice System
c) Stages of criminal justice process – Judicial Approach in Criminal Justice System

MODULE III CRIMINAL JUSTICE SYSTEM – ITS COMPONENTS 12 Hrs

AND FUNCTIONS

a) Investigative agency – Police – Prosecution – Defence Counsel – Courts – History

of theProsecution of India – Nature, Scope and Role of Prosecution
b) Constitutional Provision of Role of Prosecution – Powers and Duties of Prosecutor –
 Roleof Judiciary
c) Critical Analyses of Role of Prosecutor – Role of Prosecution in Other Countries

MODULE IV PROCEDURAL MECHANISM IN THE CRIMINAL 12 Hrs

JUSTICE SYSTEM

a) Organization of Criminal Courts and Criminal Justice System – Control over

Criminal Courts

b) Jurisdiction of the Criminal Courts in Inquiries and Trials

c) Cognizable and Non-cognizable offences.

d) Bailable and Non-Bailable offences.

e) Compoundable and Non-Compoundable offences

f) Investigation, Prosecution and Trial

g) Warrant cases and Summons cases

h) Accused and his Rights – Rights of Female Accused / Female Prisoners
i) Law and procedure relating to Criminal Appeals, Revisions, Writ Petition and
Special Leave Petitions

j) Sentencing process – Mitigating & Extenuating circumstances in the decision

making of sentence – Plea Bargaining – Alternatives to punishment.
MODULE V RESTORATIVE JUSTICE PROCESS IN 12 Hrs
CONTEMPORARY CRIMINAL JUSTICE

a) History, Definition, Principles, Root and Values of Restorative Justice

b) Restorative Justice in social context – Human rights and Restorative Justice
c) Global appeal of Restorative Justice – Future of Restorative Justice

L- 30 ; T- 30 ; P- 00 ; TOTAL HOURS-60

BIBLIOGRAPHY

RECOMMENDED READING:

BOOKS
1. Ahmed Siddiqui, Criminology: Problems and Perspectives, 4 l Edition, Eastern
Book Co.Lucknow 2014
 2. Van Ness, Daniel W., and Karen Heetderks Strong. Restoring justice: An
introduction torestorative justice. Routledge, 2014.
3. Ahmad, Dr. "A Brief Analysis of Theories of Punishment in India." Available at
SSRN3561458 (2020).
4. Maguire, Morgan and Reiner, The Oxford Handbook of Criminology, 3 IC
Edition,Oxford Univ Pres, New York 2015
5. Criminology and Penology , Rajendra K. Sharma , Atlantic Publishers and
DistributorsPvt Ltd; 1st edition (19 December 2017)

JOURNALS / ARTICLES
1. Srinivasan, Murugesan, and Mathew Jane Eyre. "Victims and the criminal justice
systemin India: Need for a paradigm shift in the justice system." Temida 10, no. 2
(2007): 51 – 62.
2. Thilagaraj, R. "Criminal justice system in India." In Handbook of Asian criminology,
pp.199 – 211. Springer, New York, NY, 2013.
3. Dhillon, Kirpal. "The police and the criminal justice system in India." The Police,
State, and Society: Perspectives from India and France 27 (2011).
4. Role of Public prosecutor in criminal administration of justice available at, 2017.
www.lawyersclupedia.com>article>criminal law.

1. Poblete – Cazenave, Rubén. "Crime and punishment: Do politicians in power

receivespecial treatment in courts? evidence from India." Visited on 5, no. 19
(2019): 2020.
2. Riley, Angela R. "Crime and governance in Indian country." UCLA L. Rev. 63
(2016):1564.
3. Nirmal, B. C. "Crimes within the Jurisdiction of the International Criminal Court
and theIndian Response." ISIL YB Int'l Human. & Refugee L. 6 (2006): 106.
4. Reydams, Luc. "Niyonteze v. Public Prosecutor." American Journal of
InternationalLaw 96, no. 1 (2002): 231 – 236.
5. Lochner, Lance. "Individual perceptions of the criminal justice system." American
Economic Review 97, no. 1 (2007): 444 – 460.

CASES FOR GUIDANCE

1. Jagmohan Singh v. State of Punjab, (1973) 1 SCC 20
2. Ediga Anamma v. State of AP, (1974) 4 SCC 443
 3. Rajendra Prasad v. State of UP, AIR 1979SC 916
4. Bachchan Singh v. State of Punjab, AIR 1980 SC 898
5. Machhi Singh v. State of Punjab, AIR 1983 SC 957
6. Kartar Singh v. State of Punjab, 1994 SCC (Cri) 899
7. Swami Shraddhanand v. State of Karnataka, AIR 2008 SC 3040
8. Ramji Missar v. State of Bihar, AIR 1963 SC 1088
9. Jagdev Singh v. State of Punjab, AIR 1973 SC 2427
10. Ram Naresh Pandey v. State of MP, (1974) 3 SCC 30
11. Musa Khan v. State of Maharashtra, 1976 Cr. LJ 1987 (SC)
12. Rajni Kanta v. State of Orissa, 1975 CrLJ 83
13. Mohammad Giasuddin v. State of AndhraPradesh, (1978) 1 SCR 153
14. M. H. Hoskot v. State of Maharashtra, (1978) 3 SCC 544
15. Sunil Batra v. Delhi Adm. (1978) 4 SCC 494
16. Sunil Batra v. Delhi Adm. (1980) 3 SCC 488
17. Sher Singh v. State of Punjab (1983) 2 SCC 344
18. Boddisattwa Gautam v. Subhra Chakraborty AIR 1996 SC 922
19. Chairman, Railway Board v. Chandrima Das – Manu / SC / 0046 / 2000
20. State of Andhra Pradesh v. Challa Ramakrishna Reddy, AIR 2000 SC 2083
LEARNING OUTCOME
 Demonstrate knowledge of the major areas of the criminal justice system: policing,
courts,corrections and the history of those components.
 Trace the relationship between the criminal justice complex and the socioeconomic
elements of the Indian society.
 Trace the various types of crime and criminals, the numerous theories of crime
causation,and the relationship between crime and its various correlates.
 Trace the various social movements over the years, and how they have
impacted thecriminal justice system.
 Analyse scholarly research, governmental crime statistics, and public policy.
 CRIMINOLOGY, PENOLOGY & L T P C
VICTIMOLOGY
2 2 0 4

OBJECTIVES:

This course will

● Introduce the students to the concepts and theories of Criminology, Penology and
Victimology.
● Objective
● Help the students to understand the various theories of punishment, penal reforms,
prison reforms.
● Acquaint the students about the overview about the concept of Restorative Justice and
status of victim in Criminal Justice Process emphasizing on the victim’s position
during the investigation and the trial process.
● Equip the students to learn about the various impacts of victimization, restorative
justice and compensatory schemes for benefit of victims.
MODULE I THEORETICAL AND HISTORICAL 12 Hrs
PERSPECTIVES OF CRIMINOLOGY

Criminology: Definition and Scope; Criminology and other Social Sciences; Criminology vs.
Criminal Justice. Perspective of Crime and Criminal – Sin, Wrong and Crime – Changing
concept of crime in varying social formations – Crime viewed through consensus or conflict
perspectives - Relationship between Criminal Policy, Criminal Law and Criminology –
Prominent criminological thought currents – Classicalism, Positivism and Radicalism -
Classic Criminology - Sociological Perspectives - Fundamentals of Criminology - Schools of
Criminology: Social Control Theories
MODULE II PENOLOGY 12 Hrs

Penology – definition, nature and scope. Punishment-in ancient, medieval and modern times.
Punishment: Significance, Concept, Aims and Types. Theories of Punishment. Sentencing –
Principles, Policies and Procedures. Capital Punishment. Recent approaches to Punishment –
Restorative Justice, Restitution and Victim-offender Mediation.

MODULE III POLICE AND PRISON REFORMS 12 Hrs

Police Administration – functions & Problems - Methods of Police Investigation - Judicial Trend
towards Police reforms - Recommendations & Implementation of the various reports on Police
Reform - History and evolution of Prison legislations – Prison Manuals and rules. Various
Prison Reforms Committees and Commissions. Standard Minimum Rules for Non-custodial
Measures (Tokyo Rules) and Nelson Mandela Rules for the Treatment of Prisoners - Judicial
Trend towards Prison Reforms in India - Probation of Offenders & Parole

MODULE IV VICTIMOLOGY 12 Hrs

Historical development of Victimology. Basic Concepts of Victimology. UN Declaration of

Basic Principles of Justice for Victims of Crime and Abuse of Power, 1985. Victim –Offender
relationship; - Defining victim and Victimology- Primary, secondary and tertiary
victimization, Impact of victimization, Victimological Theories, Victim’s Rights,
International Framework on Victimology, Restorative Justice - Victimization of Women &
Children - Victimization of Other vulnerable groups. Contemporary Developments in
Victimology: Mass Victims and Mass Victimisation, Clinical Victimology, Therapeutic
Jurisprudence, Cyber Victimology, Positive Victimology.

MODULE V VICTIM ASSISTANCE AND COMPENSATION 12 Hrs

Crime victims and victim compensation programme – Restitution - Grant-in-aid- Ex gratia

payment, Support to crime victims by communities, NGO and Government, Compensation by
State Legal Services Authority: Limitation & Constraints, Relevant Provisions under the
Constitution of India & Criminal Procedure Code, Compensation in UK,USA - Victim
Witness Assistance Programs - Victim participation in CJS (UK, USA) - Basic Principles and
Guidelines on the Right to a Remedy and Reparation for Victims of Gross Violations of
International Human Rights Law and Serious Violations of International Humanitarian Law,
2005.

L- 30 ; T- 30 ; P- 00 ; TOTAL HOURS-60

REFERENCES

1.Harry Elmer Barnes and Negley K. Teeters, New Horizons in Criminology (3rd ed., 1959)

2.George B. Vold, Thomas J. Bernard, Jeffrey B. Snipes, Theoretical Criminology (5th ed.
2002)
3. Ahmad Siddique, Criminology Problems & Perspective (5th ed., 2007)

4. N.V. Paranjape, Criminology and Penology (13th ed., 2008)

5. S. S. Srivastava, Criminology and Criminal Administration (3rd ed., 2007)

6. J.P.S. Sirohi, Criminology and Penology (6th ed.,2007) 75.

7. Mike Maguire, Rod Morgan and Robert Reiner,The Oxford Handbook of Criminology (5th
ed, 2012)

8. S. S. Srivastava, Criminology, Penology & Victimology (4th ed., 2012)

OUTCOMES:

On successful completion of this course, students should be able to:

 Recognize the causes and consequences of crime at the micro and macro levels and match
these with prominent criminological perspectives.
 Apply theories of crime and criminal justice to explain actual and hypothetical scenarios,
behaviors, and trends.
 Describe the interrelated institutions and processes of the police and prison
administration in criminal justice system.
 Explain the concept of Restorative Justice and status of victim in Criminal Justice Process
emphasizing on the victim’s position during the investigation and the trial process
 Recognize and explain macro-social inequities in crime and criminal justice processes
by race, social class, gender, region and age.
 Articulate the legal provisions on Victim Compensation in India and scrutinize the
judicial approach and the role of Government towards compensation to victim in India.
 Locate and consult works in the area to produce a research paper that is coherent, cogent,
and attentive to conventions of the field.
 COMPARATIVE PUBLIC LAW L T P C

3 1 0 4

OBJECTIVES:

● To give a general overview of the application, purpose, and procedures of comparative public
law.
● To discuss crucial issues of comparative public law, such as rights, judicial review, as well as
the separation of powers, in order to comprehend and appreciate one's own legal system.
● Critically examine emerging constitutional movements that are redefining the limits of
constitutionalism and legal frameworks.
● Notably after the end of the Cold War, while several states in the former communist block
started drafting new constitutions, comparative public law has gained new significance. This
course's goal is to give students a critical awareness of the major problems, movements, and
approaches in comparative public law. Constitutionalism, the separation of powers, rights,
amendments, and newly developing trends and issues are the key topics covered in the course.
● Students would be better able to appreciate a particular judicial system in the larger socio-
political environment in which it operates if they had a deeper understanding of the topic. The
globalisation of legal concepts, governance models, and even legal terminologies has expanded
the relevance of this field.
MODULE I INTRODUCTION-PUBLIC LAW AND 12
CONSTITUTIONALISM

Meaning and definition of Public Law-Concept of Public Law-Public Law – International Law,
Constitutional Law and Administrative Law- Concept, Distinction between Constitution and
Constitutionalism- Essential features of Constitutionalism -Written Constitution, Separation of
Powers, -Fundamental Rights, Independence of Judiciary and Judicial Review.

MODULE II STUDY OF COMPARATIVE CONSTITUTIONAL 12

LAW

Presidential and Parliamentary forms of Government- Federal and Unitary Governments- Forms of
Governments- Federal and Unitary Forms- Features, Advantages, and Disadvantages- Model of
Federalism and Concept of Quasi-Federalism- Role of Courts in Preserving Federalism- Relevance-
Problems and Concerns in Using Comparison.

MODULE III CONSTITUTIONAL FOUNDATIONS OF POWER 12

Supremacy of Legislature in Law Making-Rule of law Dicey’s Concept of Rule of Law- Modern
Concept of Rule of Law-Social and economic rights as part of rule of law-Separation of powers-
Concept of Separation of Powers- Checks and Balances- Separation of Powers or Separation of
Functions.
MODULE IV COMPARATIVE CRIMINAL AND - 12
ADMINISTRATIVE LAW

Domestic Violations-International, National- Provisions relating to Rape- Plea Bargaining-USA,

India- White Collar Crimes- Juvenile Justice- French concept of Separation of Powers and
Administrative Courts- Droit Administratiff- Administrative courts in France- Counsel d’ etat-
Scope of Judicial Review in UK- Scope of Judicial Review in US- Public Interest Litigation in India
and US
MODULE V EMERGING TRENDS AND ISSUES 12

Internationalization of constitutional law: Driving forces, divergent practices and criticisms Militant
democracy: concept, history, varieties and contestations On-going projects: Global Administrative
Law; Global Constitutionalism; Transnational Law.
L-3 ; T-1 ; P-0 ;TOTAL HOURS-60

REFERENCES

1. Christopher Forsyth, Mark Elliott, Swati Jhaveri, Effective Judicial Review: A Cornerstone of
Good Governance (Oxford University Press, 2010).
2. D.D. Basu, Comparative Constitutional Law ( 2nd ed., Wadhwa Nagpur).
3. David Strauss, The Living Constitution (Oxford University Press, 2010)
4. Dr. Subhash C Kashyap, Framing of Indian Constitution (Universal Law, 2004)
5. Elizabeth Giussani, Constitutional and Administrative Law (Sweet and Maxwell, 2008).
6. Erwin Chemerinsky, Constitutional Law, Principles and Policies (3rd ed., Aspen, 2006)
7. M.V. Pylee, Constitution of the World (Universal, 2006)
8. Mahendra P. Singh, Comparative Constitutional Law (Eastern Book Company, 1989).
9. Neal Devins and Louis Fisher, The Democratic Constitution (Oxford University Press, 2010)
10. S.N Ray, Judicial Review and Fundamental Rights (Eastern Law House, 1974).
OUTCOMES:

On successful completion of this course, students should be able to:

 Understand the similarities and differences between leading legal traditions in key areas like
separation of powers, protection of rights and the role of judiciary.
 Be familiar with the methodology of comparative public law.
 Be able to use comparative methodology in public law analysis.
 JUDICIAL PROCESS L T P C

2 2 0 4

OBJECTIVES:

This course will help the students -

● To understand the nature of the judicial system and its procedure.

● To give a conceptual clarity about the functions of judges in formulating policies and
taking part in the development of political principles of government.
● To analyze the comparative characteristics of judicial management and administration.
● To focus on legal innovation and growth through statutory and codified legal
reasoning.
MODULE I NATURE OF JUDICIAL PROCESS 12 Hrs

Judicial process as an instrument of social ordering ; Judicial process and creativity in law Components
of Legal Reasoning- Deductive, Inductive, Analogy and dialectical reasoning; The tools and
techniques of judicial creativity and precedent- Judicial Polemics, Juridical Axiology.

MODULE II SPECIAL DIMENSIONS OF JUDICIAL PROCESS IN 12 Hrs

CONSTITUTIONAL ADJUDICATION

Notions of judicial review, - Judicial Activism vis- a-vis Judicial Self-Restraint; Role and Theories of
Constitutional Adjudication; Provisions of the Indian Constitution guaranteeing Independence of
judiciary.; Judicial Accountability, Transparency and Independence- Bangalore Principles of Judicial
Conduct.

MODULE III JUDICIAL PROCESS IN INDIA 12 Hrs

Structure of Judicial System in India ; Judicial Policy Making - Evolution of Doctrines and Principles;
Doctrine of Prospective overruling- Colorable legislation- Harmonious interpretation; Doctrine of
Basic Structure Theory and its recent developments; Jurimetrics, New challenges before the Indian
Judiciary.

MODULE IV JUDICIAL PROCESS IN USA & UK 12 Hrs

USA: Judicial Structure in USA- Jury System; Independence of Judiciary as an aspect of Separation
of Powers; Due Process of Law.
UK: Parliamentary Sovereignty and Judicial Supremacy in UK; Common Law & Judge made Law;
English Version of Judicial Review; Constitution by Judiciary.

MODULE V JUDICIAL ADMINISTRATION & JUDICIAL 12 Hrs

MANAGEMENT

Case Management System in UK, USA & India; National Case Management System (NCMS) in India-
E- Courts- Court Manager; Judicial Impact Assessment- Mounting arrears and the reasons; Work load-
Patterns of Court Management- Law Commission Recommendation.

L- 42 ; T- 12 ;TOTAL HOURS-60

REFERENCES:

11. S.P. Sathe, Judicial Activism in India: Transgressing Borders and Enforcing Limits (2003).
12. Lakshminath, A. Precedent in Indian Law - Judicial Process. India: Eastern Book
Company. (2009).
13. Patel, Nayana J. Judicial Process in India. India, Authors Nation, (2017).
14. Upendra Baxi, “The Avatars of Indian Judicial Activism: Explorations in the Geographies of
[In] justice” in S.K. Verma and Kusum (ed.), Fifty Years of the Supreme Court of India: Its
Grasp and Reach (OUP, 2001).
15. Cardozo, Benjamin N. The Nature of the Judicial Process. United States, Dover
Publications, (2012).
16. Ranjan, Sudhanshu. Justice, Judocracy and Democracy in India: Boundaries and
Breaches. India, Routledge, (2015).
OUTCOMES:

On successful completion of this course, students should be able to:

 Explore the judicial ingenuity used in the social ordering process.

 Be familiar with the complexities of judicial innovation and judicial lawmaking.
 Compare and analyze the various case management and judicial procedures.
 Learn about the intricacies involved in judicial activism.
 SENTENCING PROCESS AND L T P C
COMPARATIVE PRACTICES
2 2 0 4

OBJECTIVES:

The objectives of this course are

 To analyse various kinds of punishments in India and other countries.

 To analyses the sentencing, the offenders under various provisions of law
 These principles are relevant with regard to nature and scope of statutory provisions as far as
the kinds of punishments are concerned, and they are relevant as to the question of considering
the need for reform of the penal law of our country.
 It focuses on issues such as formulating sentencing guidelines, how far they were successfully
implemented in other countries and to what extent the same policy or guidelines could be
adopted in India to minimize the disparity in judgments rendered by various courts.
MODULE I Concept meaning and definition of Sentencing 12

Goals of sentencing - Normative and Functional goals - Promote Respect for the Law -
Reflect the Seriousness of the Offense - Provide Just Punishment for the Offense - Deter the
Defendant from Future Criminal Conduct - Protect the Public from the Convicted Offender -
General deterrence, specific deterrence and rehabilitation - Role of the media.
MODULE II Purposes of Sentencing 12

Retribution - Deterrence and Prevention - Incapacitation and Control - Rehabilitation and

Reintegration - Types of Sentencing Schemes - Indeterminate Sentencing - The impact of
indeterminate sentencing - Determinate Sentencing - The impact of determinate sentencing -
Presumptive Sentencing - Mandatory Sentencing

MODULE III SENTENCING ISSUES AND CHALLENGES 12

Issues in sentencing – Inconsistency - Evidence of Inconsistency - Social Consequences of

Inconsistency – Proportionality - The Role of Proportionality in Sentencing - The Primacy of
Proportionality – Disparity - Types of Sentencing Disparity - Intra-jurisdictional Disparity -
Intra-judge Disparity - Warranted Versus Unwarranted Disparity - Sources of Disparity -
Sentencing guideline bodies - Objectives of Sentencing Guidelines Bodies - Functions of
Sentencing Guidelines Bodies - Alternatives to Sentencing Guidelines Bodies
MODULE IV Sentencing Practices in other countries 12
Sentencing in United Kingdom – Functions - Appointments to the Council - Criminal Justice
Act 2003 - Determining Sentencing - Sentencing hearing - Determination of sentence -
Sentencing in Northern Ireland - Sentencing in New Zealand

MODULE V Specific Sentencing Issues 12

Issues of sentencing in cases of homicide - Issues of sentencing in cases of Sexual Assault -

Reforms in sentencing in India - Sentencing female offenders - The role of Parole and
Probation
L- 30 ; T- 30 ; P- 00 ; TOTAL HOURS-60

REFERENCES

OUTCOMES:

On successful completion of this course, students should be able to:

 LAW RELATING TO DRUGS AND ENFORCEMENT AGENCIES

OBJECTIVES OF THE COURSE:

Drug abuse is a social evil. Narcotics and other dependence producing substances
have been used in the world in one form or another since times immemorial. Likewise trading
in thesesubstances has been carried on over a considerable period of time. Narcotics came
into widespread use in Western medical practice during the latter part of the 19th century.
They had in their crude form, been known for the so – called beneficial effects for centuries
and had been extensively used, both therapeutically and non – therapeutically, for their
calming, intoxicating and presumed curative properties. However, introduction of these
drugs shortly led to their abuse. The course is designed to understand the need of wider
Drug Trafficking Laws in a national and global perspective and how these policies affect
the society in an affirmative way. The notion of International Conventions and its legislative
intent is embarked in a careful mannerwith a wider prospect of future analysis.

After undergoing the study, the student will be able to understand the following
 Understand the concept of Law of Narcotics in present scenario
 Study the role and significance of International treaties and conventions in policy
management
 Study the working mechanism of contemporary institutions in narcotics law and
policies
 Understand the legislation in the context of human rights approach.

COURSE OUTLINE
MODULE – I: Drugs – Narcotics – Psychotropic substances
a) Drugs – Narcotics – Psychotropic substances – Drug Dependence and
Addiction –
Primary drug abuse
b) Trafficking in drugs – Drug addiction as a victimless crime – Drug related crimes
c) Anagraphic and Social characteristics of Drug Users – Drugs: Their use and effects

MODULE – II: International Legal Regime

a) Historical development of International Law on drug control
b) Transnational Crime Convention – International Narcotics Control Board (INCB) –
SAARC Convention on drug policies.
 c) US – India bilateral agreement on anti – narcotic cooperation – WHO – Health
of theVictims – Drug Control Policy.

MODULE – III: Indian Regulatory System

a) Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic Substances (NDPS) Act: Its Legislative Intent
b) National drug control framework – National Crime Records Bureau (NCRB) –
UnitedNations Office on Drugs and Crime (UNODC)
c) Criminal Justice System – Crime Control Institutions – National Coordination
Scheme

MODULE – IV: United Nation & Human Rights

a) Access to essential and control drugs – Rehabilitation of drug addicts – Anti drug
Justiceas Social Justice.
b) Human Rights Abuses Committed Under the International Drug Control
Regime –
Punitive Drug Laws and Public Health Crisis
c) International Guidelines on Human Rights and Drug Policy – Implementation of
alternatives to uphold international human rights standards.

MODULE – V: Enforcement Mechanism

a) Drug Laws Enforcement: Judicial Response – Identifying and Tracing the
forfeitableproperties
b) International Narcotic Control Strategy Report – Special Narcotic Courts
c) Doctrine of Onus Probandi – Punitive or Reformative – Reformation of Narcotic
Legislation (NDPS Act).

MODULE – VI: Victimology and Social Justice

a) Drug Abuse as a Social Problem – Anagraphic and Social Characteristics of Drug
Users
b) Victim's perception – Sociological factors – Marginalized and Underprivileged –
Juvenile
c) Psychoneuroimmunological mechanisms – Rehabilitation Measures – Towards
SocialJustice.

MODULE – VII: Drug Trafficking and Narco Terrorism

a) Counter Measures for dealing with drug trafficking – Political Scenario – Cross
Borderissues.
 b) Drugs and development: The global impact of drug use and trafficking on
social andeconomic development
c) Associated Crimes – Mandate of the United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime
(UNODC)

MODULE – VIII: Sustainable Welfare and Development

a) Sustainable Solutions for Drugs Prevention
b) National Action plan for Drug Demand Reduction – Social Impact of Drug Abuse.
c) The Role of Community in Combating Drug Addiction – Regulatory Systems – Law
Reform Initiatives – Social justice.

BIBLIOGRAPHY

RECOMMENDED READING:

BOOKS
1. Polich, J. Michael. Strategies for controlling adolescent drug use. Publications
Department, The Rand Corporation, 1700 Main Street, PO Box 2138, Santa Monica,
CA90406 – 2138, 1984.
2. Dorn, Nicholas, Karim Murji, and Nigel South. Traffickers: Drug markets and law
enforcement. Psychology Press, 1992.
3. Jacobs, Bruce A. Robbing drug dealers: Violence beyond the law. Transaction
Publishers,2000.
4. Campbell, Nancy, and Nancy Duff Campbell. Using women: Gender, drug policy,
and social justice. Psychology Press, 2000.
5. B.R. Sharma, Forensic Science in Criminal Investigation and Trials, Bombay, 2012.

JOURNALS / ARTICLES
1. Sahoo, Saddichha, N. Manjunatha, Baxi Neeraj Prasad Sinha, and C. R. J. Khess.
"Why is alcohol excluded and opium included in NDPS act, 1985?" Indian journal of
psychiatry49, no. 2 (2007): 126.
2. Kaushik, Deepak. "Prosecution of Drug Addicts under NDPS: Need for a Re –
look." Available at SSRN 3504060 (2019).
3. Arora, Usha, G. S. Sonal, G. P. Dhillon, and Hitendrasinh G. Thakor. "Emergence of
drug resistance in India." Journal of the Indian Medical Association 106, no. 10
(2008): 678.
 4. Joseph, Sandra. "Drug Demand Reduction Programme in India – A Qualitative
ResearchAnalysis." Global Journal for Research Analysis (GJRA) 8, no. 10 (2019).
5. Hawkins, J. David, and Richard F. Catalano Jr. Communities that care: Action for
drug abuse prevention. Jossey – Bass, 1992.

FURTHER READING:

BOOKS
1. C.K.Parikh (2017) Parikh’s textbook of medical Jurisprudence, Forensic
Medicine andToxicology. (6th edn).
2. Blackman, Shane. Chilling out: The cultural politics of substance consumption,
youth anddrug policy. McGraw – Hill Education (UK), 2004.
3. A.K. Bapuly, Forensic Science: Its Application in Crime Investigation, Hyderabad,
2006.
4. Justice K. Kannan. Karunalaran Mathiharan, ed., Modi: A Textbook of Medical
5. Jurisprudence and Toxicology, rpt, Allahabad Central Law Agency, 2013.
6. The Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic Substances Act, 1985
7. Molly Charles, Dave Bewley – Taylor, Amanda Neidpath (2005) Drug Policy in
India: Compounding Harm? Briefing paper ten. The Beckley Foundation Drug
Policy Programme.
8. Rohan Dua (2014) Drug – related crime reported highest in Punjab: National Crime
Records Bureau.
9. Convention against the Illicit Traffic in Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic Substances,
1988, United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime (UNODC) (2009).
10. James Grey (2012) Why Our Drug Laws Have Failed: A Judicial Indictment of War
on Drugs. Temple University press, USA. The history of the drug laws.

JOURNALS / ARTICLES
1. MacCoun, Robert J. "Drugs and the law: a psychological analysis of drug
prohibition." Psychological bulletin 113, no. 3 (1993): 497.
2. Werb, Dan, Greg Rowell, Gordon Guyatt, Thomas Kerr, Julio Montaner, and Evan
Wood."Effect of drug law enforcement on drug market violence: A systematic
review." International Journal of Drug Policy 22, no. 2 (2011): 87 – 94.
3. Dorn, Nicholas, and Nigel South. "Drug markets and law enforcement." The British
Journal of Criminology 30, no. 2 (1990): 171 – 188.
4. Anil malhotra, Ashwin mohan (2000) National policies to meet the challenge of
 substanceabuse: programmes and implementation. Indian Journal of Psychiatry 42
(4): 370 – 377.
5. Ram Manohar (2004) Smoking and Ayurvedic Medicine in India. In Sander L
Gilman, Zhou Xun (Eds.), Smoke: A Global History of Smoking. Reakton Books,
London.
6. George, Joshua Babu and Krishnan, Ashwin (2012) Loopholes in the Narcotic Drugs
andsychotropic Substances Act, 1985. Social Science Research Network p. 1 – 9.

7. Sesha Kethineni Lois Guyon Ruth Mclennan Fennick (1995) Drug Use in India:
HistoricalTraditions and Current Problems. International Journal of Comparative and
Applied Criminal Justice 19(2): 211 – 221.
8. Sahoo Saddichha, Narayana Manjunatha, and Christoday Raja Jayant Khess (2010)
Whydo we Need to Control Alcohol Use Through Legislative Measures? A South
East Asia Perspective? Indian J Community Med 35(1): 147 – 152.
9. Tandon, Tripti, and Lawyers Collective. "Drug policy in India." IDPC briefing paper,
February (2015).
10. Charles, Molly, Dave Bewley – Taylor, and Amanda Neidpath. "Drug policy in
India: Compounding harm." Briefing paper (2005): 1 – 6.

CASES FOR GUIDANCE

1. Md. Sarfaraz @ Bonu & Anr. Vs – The Union of India – 09 / 08 / 2019[CHC]
2. Mukesh Singh Vs. State (Narcotic Branch of Delhi) – 31 / 08 / 2020
3. Ajahar Ali Vs State of West Bengal 2014 Cri. L.J. 18 (SC).
4. Bachan Singh Vs State of Haryana 2004 (2) RCR (Criminal) 394 (P&H).
5. State of Manipur Vs Ngairangbam Brojendro Singh 2014 Cri.L.J. 763(Manipur)
6. State of Orissa Vs Kanduri Sahoo 2004 (1) RCR (Criminal) 196 (SC).
7. State of Punjab Vs Surinder Rani Chhindi 2001 (4) RCR (Criminal) 776 (SC).
8. Sukhdev Singh Vs State of Haryana AIR 2013 Supreme Court 953.
9. Sumita Vs Union of India 2003 Cri. L.J. 2928 (Delhi).
10. Surender Kumar Vs State of H.P. 2013 Cri. L.J. 3519 (HP).
11. Ved Singh Vs State of Rajasthan 2002 Cri. L.J. 1463 (Raj.).
12. Vijayan Vs Sub Inspector of Police and another 2013 Cri.L.J. 3091 (Kerala)
13. Baldev Singh Vs State of H.P. 2014 Cri.L.J. (NOC) 95 (HP)
14. Damru Manji Vs State of Chhattisgarh 2013 Cri. L.J. 610.
15. Gurbax Singh Vs State of Haryana AIR 2001 Supreme Court 1002
 16. Alamelu and another vs State 2011 Cri. L.J. 200 (SC).
17. Deepak Mahajan Vs Directorate of Enforcement AIR 1994 Supreme Court 1775.
18. Avtar Singh Vs State of Punjab AIR 2002 Supreme Court 3343.
19. Balbir Singh Vs State of Punjab AIR 1994 Supreme Court 1872.
20. Baldev Singh Vs State of Punjab AIR 1999 Supreme Court 2378.

LEARNING OUTCOME
 Able to discuss the history of drug abuse and subsequent policies in the India.
 Identify major drugs of abuse with their legal status, psycho – pharmacological
effects, &sociological implications of drug use and drug policy
 Describe the political, programmatic, and policy elements known as the "war on
drugs"and current related debates
 Find and summarize relevant information about current events bearing on policy
debatesover drugs
 Synthesize information from multiple sources and points of view into a coherent
policyperspective
 CYBER CRIME AND DIGITAL FORENSICS L T P C

2 2 0 4

OBJECTIVES:

This course will help the students -

 To develop competency and practical knowledge, enabling the students to work with
various issues related to cybercrime.
 To understand the ethics and laws by which cyberspace is governed in our country and
worldwide.
 To gain insight into cyber criminology and the practical digital investigative
knowledge, legal practices, and policies related to cybersecurity risk assessment.
 To Understand the threats in networks and security concepts.
 To strategize and use digital information from a wide range of systems and devices.
MODULE I INTRODUCTION TO CYBER CRIME 12 Hrs

Cyber Crimes, Types of Cybercrime, Hacking, Attack vectors, Cyberspace and Criminal Behavior,
Clarification of Terms, Traditional Problems Associated with Computer Crime, Introduction to
Incident Response, Digital Forensics, Computer Language, Network Language, Realms of the Cyber
world, A Brief History of the Internet, Recognizing and Defining Computer Crime, Contemporary
Crimes, Comp. as Targets, Contaminants and Destruction of Data, Indian IT ACT 2000.

MODULE II CYBER CRIME INVESTIGATION 12 Hrs

Firewalls and Packet Filters, password Cracking, Keyloggers and Spyware, Virus and Warms, Trojan
and backdoors, Steganography, DOS and DDOS attack, SQL injection, Buffer Overflow, Attack on
wireless Networks.

MODULE III DIGITAL FORENSIC 12 Hrs

Computer forensics and investigations as a profession, Understanding computer forensics, computer

forensics versus other related disciplines, A brief History of computer Forensics, Understanding case
laws, Developing computer forensics resources, Preparing for computer investigations, Understanding
law enforcement agency investigations, Following the legal process, Understanding corporate
investigations, Establishing company policies, Displaying warning Banners.

MODULE IV COMPUTER FORENSICS ANALYSIS & 12 Hrs

INVESTIGATION
 Evaluating Computer Forensics Tool Needs, Types of Computer Forensics Tools, Tasks Performed by
Computer Forensics Tools, Tool Comparisons, Other Considerations for Tools, Computer Forensics
Software Tools, Command-Line Forensics Tools, UNIX/Linux Forensics Tools, Other GUI Forensics
Tools, Computer Forensics Hardware Tools, Forensic Workstations, Using a Write-Blocker. File
System Forensic Analysis - Biometric Systems & Biometric Image Process - Identification of data

MODULE V CYBER ISSUES AND CHALLENGES 12 Hrs

1. Use of E-Mail, Instant Messaging, & Chat - Computer Hacking & Network Intrusion - Copyright
Infringement - Software Piracy - Intellectual Property Theft - Identity Theft - Online Auction Fraud 8.
Credit Card Fraud - Other Financial Frauds & Schemes - Telecommunications Fraud - Threats,
Harassment - Extortion and/or Black Mail – Online Gambling - Adult Sexual Assault -Death
Investigation - Cloud computing issue - Crypto and blockchain attacks - Ransomware attacks - IoT
attacks - Cloud attacks - Phishing attacks - Software vulnerabilities - Machine learning and AI attacks
- BYOD policies - Insider attacks - Outdated hardware - Security Attacks.
2.
L- 30 ; T- 30 ; P-0 ;TOTAL HOURS-60

REFERENCES

1. Cyber Law & Cyber Crimes By Advocate Prashant Mali; Snow White publications, Mumbai.
2. Cyber Law in India by Farooq Ahmad; Pioneer Books
3. Information Technology Law and Practice by Vakul Sharma; Universal Law Publishing Co.
Pvt. Ltd.
4. The Indian Cyber Law by Suresh T. Vishwanathan; Bharat Law House New Delhi
5. Guide to Cyber and E – Commerce Laws by P.M. Bukshi and R.K. Suri; Bharat Law House,
New Delhi
6. Guide to Cyber Laws by Rodney D. Ryder; Wadhwa and Company, Nagpur
7. The Information Technology Act, 2000; Bare Act – Professional Book Publishers, New Delhi
8. Computer Forensics: Principals and Practices by Linda Volonino, Reynaldo Anzaldua and Jana
Godwin; Pearson Prentice – Hall 2007
9. First Responder’s Guide to Computer Forensics by Richard Nolan rt al; Carnegi Mellon, 2005.
10. Digital Evidence and Computer Crime, 2nd Ed. By Eoghan Casey; Academic Press, 2004.
11. The Regulation of Cyberspace by Andrew Murray, 2006; Rutledge – Cavendish.
12. Scene of the Cybercrime: Computer Forensics Handbook by Syngress.
13. Security and Incident Response by Keith J. Jones, Richard Bejtloich and Curtis W. Rose.
14. Introduction to Forensic Science in Crime Investigation by Dr. (Smt) Rukmani Krishnamurthy.
15. Anti-Hacker Tool Kit (Indian Edition) by Mike Shema, Publication Mc Graw Hill.
 16. Cyber Security Understanding Cyber Crimes, Computer Forensics and Legal Perspectives by
Nina Godbole and Sunit Belpure, Publication Wile.
17. Chris Reed, Internet Law-Text and Materials, Cambridge University Press.
18. Angus M.Marshall, “Digital forensics: Digital evidence in criminal investigation”, John
–Wiley and Sons, 2008.
19. Digital Evidence and Computer Crime- Casey, Eoghan , edition 2, Academic Press, 2004.
OUTCOMES:

On successful completion of this course, students should be able to:

 Evaluate enforcement and sanctioning issues particular to the nature of cybercrime,

and identify specific problems with the use of new technology in international
jurisdiction.
 Formulate criminological strategies for the prevention of cybercrime.
 Comprehend issues around the legal admissibility of digital evidence and recognize
various cybercrime environment issues in the course of a cybercrime investigation.
 Exhibit comprehensive knowledge of cybercrime-focused digital forensics and
develop the ability to apply digital forensic knowledge to cybercrime cases.
 Use state-of-the-art digital forensic tools of the industry with an adequate degree of
proficiency and gain essential preparation for the Digital Forensic Examiner
certification exams.
 Understand the process of conducting computer crime investigation and indicating
security characteristics, threats, and responses via security measure assessment from
technology; policy and practice; and education, training, and awareness dimensions.
 INTERNATIONAL CRIMINAL LAW AND L T P C
JUSTICE
2 2 0 4

OBJECTIVES:

● To Demonstrates clear knowledge with respect history of international criminal law.

● To enhance knowledge on substantive law of international crimes
● To Display the clear understanding of normative content of international crimes and other
mechanics of international criminal court.
● To understand the different acts constituting crimes against humanity.
● To examine the strategies for prevention of crimes.
MODULE I INTRODUCTION TO INTERNATIONAL CRIMINAL 12 Hrs
LAW

International criminal law History - Objective of criminal law- -The aims of international criminal
justice Sources of Criminal law- General principles of international criminal law - Evolution of the
Concept of Individual Criminal Responsibility-The objectives and policies of International Criminal
Law; including issues of amnesty, truth and justice- Principle of Liability and Participation in
International Criminal Law

MODULE II SUBSTANTIVE LAW OF INTERNATIONAL 12 Hrs

CRIMES

Nature and forms of International Crimes - Substantive law of International crimes- Genocide, Crimes
against Humanity, War Crimes, Aggression, Transnational Crimes, Terrorism and Torture-Prosecution
in National courts- Principles of international human rights law Relationship between international
criminal law and international human rights law. Protection of human rights by international courts

MODULE III EVOLUTION OF INTERNATIONAL CRIMINAL 12 Hrs

COURT

Prosecution of crimes under international law - A general theory of crimes under international law-
Mechanism in dealing cases related to International Crime-Rights of Accused and Protection of
Victims and Witnesses-. Obligation of State Parties and Non Party States to International Criminal
Court- Emerging issues under International Criminal Jurisprudence. The International Criminal Court-
The creation of the ICC, Structure and composition of the Crimes within the jurisdiction of the ICC
Principles and procedures of International prosecutions- General Principles of Liability, Procedures of
International Criminal Investigations and Prosecutions, Sentencing, Penalties and Reparations to
Victims -The Future of International Criminal Law

MODULE IV INTERNATIONAL CRIMINAL PROSECUTION 12 Hrs

History of international criminal prosecution - The Ad hoc International Criminal Tribunals- The forms
of Jurisdiction-Conceptual matters- The ‘traditional’ heads of jurisdiction. International prosecutions-
jurisdictional issues in international criminal court

MODULE V STRATEGIES FOR PREVENTION, CONTROL AND 12 Hrs

CORRECTIONAL ACTIONS

Extradition Act 1962 (Relevant Provisions) and Extradition Treaty -International investigative
agencies (Interpol etc.), Adjudication authorities (including ad hoc and permanent criminal tribunals)-
Conflicting issues between International humanitarian law and International Crimes (Case Study)-
Sentencing policy, prosecution in International crime- Features of transnational organized crime -
Indian’s perspective on transnational organized crime - Naples Declaration and Global Action Plan 24
Dec. 1994 25 -Role of United Nations in preventing International crime.

L- 30 ; T- 30 ; P-0 ;TOTAL HOURS-60

REFERENCES

1. Cassese, A. The Oxford companion to international criminal justice. Oxford: Oxford

University Press, 2009.
2. R. Cryer et al.,An Introduction to International Criminal Law and Procedure, 2nd ed.
(Cambridge University Press, 2010)C. Stahn,
3. An Introduction to the International Criminal Court By William A. Schabas
4. A Critical Introduction to International Criminal Law(Cambridge University Press, 2019)G.
Werle, F. Jessberger,
5. Principles of International Criminal Law 3rd ed. (Oxford University Press, 2014)
6. An introduction to international criminal law and procedure by Robert cryer ˚
7. Principles of International Criminal Law by Werle
8. Jebberger (Author)International Criminal Law by Antonio Cassese
9. Bassiouni, ‘The Sources and Content of International Criminal Law’
10. Hague Regulations Respecting the Laws and Customs of War on Land
11. Convention for the Creation of an International Criminal Court (1938)
12. Universal Declaration of Human Rights, GA resolution
 13. Treatise on International Criminal Law Vol. I. (Oxford University Press, 2013) K.
Ambos,
14. Treatise on International Criminal Law, Vol. II. (Oxford University Press, 2014) R.
Atadjanov, Humanness as a Protected Legal Interest of Crimes against Humanity
Conceptual and Normative Aspects
15. (T.M.C. Asser Press, Springer, 2019) M. Bassiouni, International Criminal Law, 2nd
ed. (Martinus Nijhoff Publishers, 2013
16. Stahn,The Law and Practice of the International Criminal Court (Oxford University
Press, 2015
OUTCOMES:

On successful completion of this course, students should be able to:

 To develop students' analytical skills in relation of the function, scope and operation
of the international criminal justice system.
 To provide students with the opportunity to gain deeper insight in the area of
international criminal law.
 Focus on the institutional developments in international criminal law as well as the
definition and application of the crimes of genocide, crimes against humanity, war
crimes.
 Understand the principle of jurisdiction, the notion of crimes as collective phenomena,
individual criminal responsibility, and the principle of nullen crimen and how they
apply in both a domestic and international context.
 Enhances the knowledge on strategies for prevention, control and correctional actions.
 CORPORATE AND WHITE-COLLAR CRIME L T P C

3 1 0 4

OBJECTIVES:

 The course will examine how white-collar crime is defined and understood in the law
and other disciplines; how it is different and similar to other criminal activity; who
perpetrates white collar crime; who are its victims; what are the costs of white-collar
crime and how are these costs measured; and how is it investigated, prosecuted,
punished and deterred.
 The course will feature infamous and newsworthy white-collar cases, some local in
nature, as well as current events.
MODULE I INTRODUCTION 12

Definitions and Principles- Definitions of White-Collar Crime, white collar criminals.

Individual Responsibility- Mens Rea/Actus Reus Policy discussion of people v. property
crimes Statistics on federal prosecution rates.

MODULE II WHITE-COLLAR OFFENCES 12

White Collar Crime: Definitional issues, Sutherland’s Definition of White-Collar Crimes,

Relationship with other types of crimes, Blue Collar Crime, Corporate Crime, Organized
trans-national Crime,
MODULE III CORPORATE CRIMES IN INDIA 12

Occupational Crime-Explanation of White-Collar Criminality: Social Learning Theory: (a)

Sutherland’s Differential Association theory (b) Differential Reinforcement theory (c)
Neutralization Theory (c) Rationalization of White-Collar Offences.
MODULE IV SPECIAL ENFORCEMENT PROCEDURES 12

Issues in detection, investigation, prosecution and trial - Sentencing policy and practices
with respect to economic offences- Difficulty in the enforcement of laws-Theories of
Corporate Criminal Liability: Theory of Vicarious Liability, Identification Theory,
Aggregation Theory (b) Analysis of corporate criminal liability in India, USA and UK
MODULE V CONTEMPORANEOUS LEGAL ISSUES. 12

Provisions in the Companies Act 2013 to prevent corporate frauds-The Prevention of

Corruption Act,1988- The Prevention of Money Laundering (Amendment)Act 2012- Food
Safety and Standards Act,2006 and Food Safety and Standard Rules,2011.
L- 3 ; T-1; P-0 ;TOTAL HOURS-60

REFERENCES
17. White Collar Crime: The Essentials, Author Brian K. Payne
18. Law Of White-Collar Crimes January 2020 by S.R Myneni
19. S.P. Singh, Socio- Economic Offences (1st Ed., 2005, Reprint 2015)
20. Ahmed Siddiqui, Criminology: Problems and Perspectives (4th Ed., 1997)
21. Seth and Capoor, Prevention of Corruption Act with a treatise on Anti- Corruption Laws
(3rd Ed., 2000)
22. C. Mehanathan, Law on Prevention of Money Laundering in India (2014)
23. N.V Paranjape, Criminology, Penology with Victimology, 16th Ed., 2014, Central Law
Publications.

OUTCOMES:

On successful completion of this course, students should be able to:

 Demonstrate familiarity with the various definitions of white-collar crime and

distinguish it from other varieties of criminal conduct.
 Examine issues in investigating, prosecuting, defending, punishing and deterring white
collar crime.
 CRIMINAL PSYCHOLOGY L T P C

2 2 0 4

OBJECTIVES:

This course approaches the knowledge and understanding of criminal behavior and its impact upon
individuals and society from a developmental, cognitive-behavioral, and other psychological
perspectives. The basic premise of the course is that multiple variables affect people’s behavior and
for this reason this study requires attention to personality factors and how they interact with situational
variables. Students will acquire a new framework for interpreting criminal behavior. Students will be
familiarized with different perspectives on criminal behavior as well as etiology, risk factors,
assessment and treatment in relation to different criminal behaviors.
MODULE I Psychology and Crime 12 Hrs

Origins of criminal behaviour: biological factors - Theories of crime causation - Different perspectives
on human nature - Psychological approaches to understand crime & serious crime - Mental disorder
and crime - criminological theories, biological and psychological models of criminal behavior, crime
and mental disorders, human aggression and violence, sexual assault, and criminal homicide -
Psychology and crime prevention - Facial Appearance and Criminality - Psychological Factors in
Eyewitness Testimony – Role of Criminal psychologists

MODULE II Psychometric Test - Its use in Criminal Behaviour 12 Hrs

Aptitude tests - skills tests - Personality tests - Interest tests - The polygraph process and its validity,
Alternatives to the polygraph - Layered Voice Analysis (LVA) - Suspect Detection System (SDS) -
Brain Electrical Oscillations Signature (BEOS) - Gait analysis - Handwriting analysis o Use of Eye
tracker and electroencephalograph in investigations - Non-technological forensic
assessments/investigations: MMPI, PCL-R, TAT, Expert testimony; Behavioural evidence analysis

MODULE III Psychological assessment and criminal profiling 12 Hrs

Introduction to Criminal Profiling - Scientific and Non-Scientific Approaches to Criminal Profiling -

: Inductive vs. Deductive Criminal Profiling - The Rationale for Criminal Profiling - Criminal Actions
and Behaviours - Geographical Profiling - The Victim in Criminal Profiling; Profiling Inputs Stage -
Decision Process Models Stage – Crime Assessment Stage – Criminal Profile Stage – Investigation
Stage – Apprehension - Crime Scene Dynamics

MODULE IV Forensic Psychology - Concept and Importance 12 Hrs

Nature, definition, scope, and history of Forensic Psychology - Professional training and education in
forensic psychology - Forensic psychology in India - Ethical & legal issues in forensic practice - The
Psychologists as an expert witness - Neurobiological forensic testing and investigation - Forensic
methods in detection of crime. Competence to stand trial and use of psychological tests - Forensic
aspects of memory & recall in children, adolescents and adults. - Polygraph, plethysmograph testing -
Forensic assessment & treatment of sexual offenders & their victims - Psychological tests, types and
characteristics - Tests used in forensic psychology- Intelligence, Personality and Interpersonal
relationship - Ethical issues in psychological testing.

MODULE V CORRECTIONAL AND REHABILITATION 12 Hrs

PSYCHOLOGY

CORRECTIONAL PSYCHOLOGY – OVERVIEW: Definition scope, nature and need of correctional

psychology - Remand Homes & Correctional Homes – Indian Scenario - Identification of correctional
needs & risk assessment - Diagnosis and treatment of mental disorders in correctional settings; TEAM
OF PROFFESSIONALS FOR CORRECTIONAL MEASURES: Role of mental Health professionals
- Psychiatrists & clinical psychologists – Physicians - Correctional officers (jail supervisors &
Superintendent) attitudes, officer inmate interactions - Social worker & occupational therapist -
Psychological counselling - Cognitive Behavioral Rehabilitation of criminals - Correctional offender
Rehabilitation programme. - Rehabilitation of Juvenile Delinquents & Victims.

L- 30 ; T- 30 ; P-0 ;TOTAL HOURS-60

REFERENCES

1. Bachhav, Aun M. (2012). Criminal Psychology. Chandralok Prakashan, Kanpur -208021

2. Bharati, A. (2012). Studies on Criminological Psychology. G.S. Rawat for Ceber Tech
Publications. New Delhi- 110 002
3. Cohen, R.J., Swerdlik, M.E. (2005). Psychological testing and assessment (6th ed.). Delhi:
Tata McGraw-Hill.
4. Gregory, R.J. (2005). Psychological Testing (4th ed.). Delhi: Pearson education Pte.Ltd.
5. Suryanarayana, N.V.S, Himabindu Goteti, Neelima V. (2011). Cyber Psychology. Sonali
Publications, New Delhi- 110 002 Thou Teisi (2011).
6. Forensic Psychology. ABD Publishers, Jaipur-302018 Veereshwar, P. (2002).
7. Indian systems of psychotherapy. Delhi: Kalpaz publications Verma, L. (1990). The
management of children with emotional and behavioral difficulties. London: Routledge
8. American Psychiatric Association, (1994), Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental
Disorders: DSM-IV, APA, Washington, D.C.
 9. Bartol, C.R. & Bartol, A.M. (2006) Current Perspectives in Forensic Psychology & Criminal
Justice. Sage.
10. Brigham, J.C. (1999). What is forensic Psychology, Anyway? Law and Human
behavior.Vol.23, No.3. Pg: 273-298.
11. Brussel, James A. (1968). Casebook of a crime psychiatrist . New York: Bernard Geis
Associates.
12. Bull.R. et. Al (ed.) (2006) Criminal psychology: a beginner’s guide. One World: Oxford.
13. Conan Doyle, Arthur. (1901). The hound of the Baskervilles . London: George Newnes.
14. Hazelwood, R.R. and Douglas, J.E. (1980) ―The Lust Murderer‖, FBI Law Enforcement
Bulletin18-22. U.S. Department of Justice: Author.
15. O’Donohue, W., (Ed.),(2004), Handbook of Forensic Psychology, Academic Press.
16. Ribner, N. (Ed.), (2002), The California School of Professional Psychology Handbook of
Juvenile Forensic Psychology, Jossey-Bass, San Francisco.
17. Weiner, I and Hess, A. (Eds), (1999), Handbook of Forensic Psychology, 2nd edition, Wiley,
New York.
18. Frank E. Hagan (2008). Introduction to Criminology, 6th edition. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage
19. Siegel, L. (2004). Criminology: Theories, Patterns, & Typologies, 8e. Belmont, CA:
Wadsworth/Thomson Learning
OUTCOMES:

On successful completion of this course, students should be able to demonstrate:

1. Knowledge of key concepts and propositions of psychological models of criminal behavior.

2. Capacity to identify the different perspectives on human nature that underlie the theoretical
development and research of criminal behavior.
3. Familiarity with methodologies commonly employed in the field of criminal psychology, as
well as a capacity for analyzing their strengths and weaknesses, a biosocial frame of reference
included.
4. Ability to examine critically specific offences and apply psychological models of criminality
to case studies.
5. Awareness of the different prevention, intervention and treatment strategies for working with
psychological perspectives of offenders.
 WOMEN AND CRIMINAL LAW L T P C

3 1 0 4

OBJECTIVES:

● To understand the problem of crime against women with reference to Different

theories.
● To provide detailed and thorough reading of the various crimes against women.
● To Emphasize on providing a holistic understanding of women and criminal law by
focusing on protecting women
MODULE I INTERNATIONAL PERSPECTIVE ON WOMEN AND 12
CRIMINAL LAW

Universal Declaration of Human Rights - Convention on the Elimination on All Forms of

Discrimination Against Women (CEDAW) – UN Declaration on the Elimination of Violence
Against Women - Special Rapporteur on Violence Against Women, Its Causes And
Consequences - UNFPA Strategy and Framework of Action to Addressing Gender Based
Violence - The Commission on the Status of Women (CSW)

MODULE II WOMEN WELFARE AND PENAL LAWS 12

The Commission of Sati (Prevention) Act, 1987, The Dowry Prohibition Act, 1961, The Criminal Law
(Amendment) Act, 2013, Pre-conception and pre-natal diagnostic techniques (Prohibition of Sex
Selection) Act, 1994.

MODULE III WOMEN AND DOMESTIC VIOLENCE 12

Definition & Overview of Domestic Violence – Scope – Magnitude – Forms of Domestic Violence -
Causes & Consequences of Domestic Violence - Calculating the Socio-Economic Costs of Domestic
- Combating Domestic Violence - UN Treaties on Domestic Violence - Indian Laws and Strategies on
Domestic Violence - The Protection of Women From Domestic Violence Act, 2005 – Judicial
Interpretations on Domestic Violence

MODULE IV OUTRAGING THE MODESTY OF WOMEN AND SEXUAL 12

VIOLENCE

Rape and Sexual Assault, The Indecent Representation of Women (Prohibition) Act, 1986,
The Sexual Harassment of Women at Workplace (Prevention, Prohibition And Redressal) Act,
2013, The Immoral Traffic (Prevention) Act, 1956, UGC (Prevention, Prohibition and
Redressal of Sexual Harassment of women employees and students in Higher Education
Institutions) Regulation, 2015

MODULE V WOMEN AND CYBER CRIME 12

Cyber Stalking and Online Harassment, Internet pornography, Cyber voyeurism, Cyber
defamation, Cyber bullying, Relevant provisions of the Information Technology Act, 2000 as
amended by the Information Technology Act, 2008,

L-45; T-15; TOTAL HOURS-60

REFERENCES

1. Mamta Rao, Law Relating to Women and Children, Eastern Book Company, 3rd Edition, 2012.
2. Lalita Dhar Parihar, Women and Law, Eastern Book Company, 2011.
3. SC Tripathi and Vibha Arora, Law relating to Women and Children, Central Law Publication,
2006
4. DK Tiwari & Mahmood Zaidi, Commentaries on Family Courts Act, 1984, Allahabad Law
Agency, 1997
5. BN Chattoraj, Crime against Women: A Search for Peaceful Solution, LNJN-NICFS, 2007
6. Nomita Agarwal, Women and Law, New Century Publishing House, 2005
7. Manjula Batra, Women and Law & Law Relating to Children in India, Allahabad Law Agency,
2001
OUTCOMES:

On successful completion of this course, students should be able to:

 Comprehend the socio-legal position of women in a male dominated society.

 Identify and Understand the problems woman face in terms of protecting their rights
through the criminal Justice administrative system.
 Apply and Appraise the legal provisions enacted to ameliorate the situations with
special emphasis on the Indian criminal law and its scope, applicability and
shortcomings in the existing legal regime in this regard
 HATE CRIMES AND CRIMINAL LAW L T P C
POLICY
3 1 0 4

OBJECTIVES:

● To understand the concept of Hate Crime and its impact on society

● To study various legislations relating to Hate Crime & Hate Speech
● To learn the importance of Preventing, detecting and investigating Hate crimes
● To know various national and international policies relating to Hate Crime
● To estimate the impact, causes and responses.
MODULE I INTRODUCTION AND OVERVIEW OF HATE 12
CRIME

Definition of a Hate Crime - Hate Crime Biases - Race/Ethnicity/Ancestry Hate Crimes: Anti-
American Indian or Alaska Native - Anti-Arab- Anti-Asian - Anti-Black or African American
- Anti-Hispanic or Latino - Anti-Multiple Races, Group - Anti-Native Hawaiian or Other
Pacific Islander - Anti-Other Race/Ethnicity/Ancestry - Anti-White; Linguistic Hate Crimes;
Religion Hate Crimes: Anti-Buddhist - Anti-Catholic- Anti-Eastern Orthodox (Russian,
Greek, Other) - Anti-Hindu - Anti-Islamic - Anti-Jehovah’s Witness - Anti-Jewish - Anti-
Mormon - Anti-Multiple Religions, Group Anti-Other Christian- Anti-Other Religion - Anti-
Protestant - Anti-Sikh - Anti-Atheism/Agnosticism, etc. - Sexual Orientation: Anti-Lesbian,
Gay, Bisexual, or Transgender, Gender: Anti-Male - Anti-Female, Anti-Transgender

MODULE II HATE CRIMES AND THE LAW 12

Indian Penal Code and Hate Crime; Hate Speech: Laws restricting the freedom of expression -
Constitutional Law and Hate Speech - Criminal Laws and Hate Speech - Other Laws Governing
Hate Speech: The Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes (Prevention of Atrocities) Act,
1989; Protection of Civil Rights Act, 1955; Customs Act, 1962; Indecent Representation of
Women (Prohibition) Act, 1986; .The Religious Institutions (Prevention of Misuse) Act, 1988;
The National Security Act, 1980; The HIV/AIDS Act, 2017, Criminalization of Hate Speech
under IT Act, 2000,

MODULE III SOCIAL CONTROL OF HATE CRIMES 12

Preventing, detecting and investigating Hate crimes - Maintaining social order - Psychological effects
- Impact on the individual victim - Effect on the targeted group - Effect on other vulnerable groups -
Effect on the community as a whole – Aggravation -
MODULE IV HATE CRIME IN INDIA 12

Hate Crimes in India - Forms of Hate Crimes In India And Its Legal Regulation - Recent Incidents –
Issues and Challenges - Hate Speech – Homophobia - Hate Crimes Against LGBT - Ethnic Violence
- Communal Hate Crimes – Caste Conflict - Religious Hate Crimes - Islamophobia

MODULE V INTERNATIONAL HATE CRIME POLICIES 12

Universal Declaration of Human Rights - International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights
- International Convention on the Elimination of Racial Discrimination - Convention on the
Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women - United Nations Strategy and
Plan of Action on Hate Speech- International Human Rights Law Governing Hate Speech -
ICCPR and Hate Speech - ICERD and Hate Speech - CEDAW and Hate Speech - Rabat Plan
of Action

L-45; T-15; TOTAL HOURS-60

REFERENCES

1. Bell, J. (2002). Policing Hatred. New York, NY: NYU Press

2. Berk, R. A., Boyd, E. A., & Hammer, K. M. (2003). Thinking more clearly about hate-
motivated crimes. In B. Perry (Ed.), Hate and bias crime: A reader (pp. 123–
15). Routledge.
3. Brudholm, T. (2016). Conceptualizing hatred globally: Is hate crime a human rights
violation? In J. Schweppe & M. A. Walters (Eds.), The globalization of hate:
Internationalizing hate crime? (pp. 33). Oxford University Press.
4. Brudholm, T. (2020). What is hate? In R. Sternberg (Ed.), Perspectives on hate: How it
Originates, develops, manifests and spreads (pp. 65–87). American Psychological
Association.
5. Chakraborti, N., & Garland, J. (2012). Reconceptualizing hate crime victimization through
the lens of vulnerability and ‘difference’. Theoretical Criminology, 16
6. Chakraborti, N., & Garland, J. (2015). Hate crime: Impact, causes and responses (2nd
ed.). Sage.
7. Corcoran, C., Lader, D., & Smith, K. (2015). Hate crime, England and wales,
2014/2015. Home Office.
8. Dozier, R. W. (2002). Why we hate: Understanding, curbing, and eliminating hate in
ourselves and our world. Contemporary Books.
 L T P C
CRIMINAL JUSTICE RESEARCH 3 1 0 4
OBJECTIVES:
● To understand the scientific research techniques utilized in criminology and criminal justice
research.
● To deliver the analytical and critical thinking abilities required to comprehend empirical
research, as well as the resources needed to carry out a criminal justice research project.
● To critically evaluate criminological research in order to discover scholarly works and
field research methodologies.
● To provide tools for academicians and practitioners who want to discover about
significant research findings and techniques for enhancing the relationship between
practice and research.

MODULE I CRIMINAL JUSTICE AND SCIENTIFIC INQUIRY 12Hrs

Scientific research; Personal human inquiry; Errors in Personal Human Inquiry;
Purposes of Research; Differing Avenues for Inquiry – Deductive reasoning & Inductive reasoning;
Field Research; The Various Roles of the Observer; Gaining Access to Subjects; Recording
Observations ; Linking Field Observations and Other Data.

MODULE II FOUNDATIONS OF CRIMINAL JUSTICE 12Hrs

RESEARCH
Creation of social science theory, Traditional model of science, Criminological evolution,
Ecological theories of crime & crime prevention policy; Ethical issues in Criminal Justice
Research, Promoting compliance with ethical principles.

MODULE III CONCEPTS, OPERATIONALIZATION, MEASUREMENT 12Hrs

AND SURVEY RESEARCH
Conceptions and Concepts, Operationalization Choices, Measurement, types, Levels, Implications,
Topics Appropriate to Survey Research, Guidelines for Asking Questions, Question types, Statements,
Biased Items and Terms, Designing Self; Questionnaire Construction, Self – Administered
Questionnaires, Role of Interviewer, General Rules, Software applications – Telephone Surveys,
Video Conference – Specialized Interviewing, Focus Groups.

MODULE IV EXPERIMENTAL AND QUASI-EXPERIMENTAL 12Hrs

DESIGN
The Classical Experiment, Variables, Pretesting and Post – testing, Experimental and Control
Groups, Double – Blind Experiments, Selecting Subjects, Randomization – Experiments and Causal
Inference – Experiments and Threats to Validity; Variations in the Classical Experimental Design,
Variations in Time, Series Designs, Variable – Oriented Research and Scientific Realism.

MODULE V AGENCY RECORDS, CONTENT ANALYSIS AND 12Hrs

SECONDARY DATA
Agency Records, Types of Agency Records, Units of Analysis and Sampling, Reliability and Validity;
Content Analysis – Units, Sampling, Coding, Illustrations – Secondary Analysis; Secondary data –
advantages and disadvantages
Influence of Criminal Justice Research, Role of Criminal Justice Researches conducted in
India
L-45; T-15; TOTAL HOURS-60
REFERENCES
1. Maxfield, M. G., & Babbie, E. R. (2014). Research methods for criminal justice and criminology.
Cengage Learning.
2. Research Methods in Criminal Justice and Criminology Paperback, Callie Marie Rennison
(Author), Timothy Christopher Hart (Author), SAGE Publications, Inc; 1st edition (20 February
2018)
3. Vito, G. F., Kunselman, J. C., & Tewksbury, R. (2014). Introduction to criminal justice research
methods: An applied approach. Charles C Thomas Publisher.
4. Maxfield, M. G. (2015). Basics of research methods for criminal justice and criminology.
Cengage Learning.

OUTCOMES:
On successful completion of this course, students should be able to:
• Demonstrate the major concept relating to Hate Crime in India,
• Trace the various types of Hate crime and criminals, the numerous psychological
factors
• Trace the various social movements over the years, and how they have impacted the
Hate Crime
• Analyse scholarly research, governmental crime statistics, and public policy.
 CRIMINALISTICS AND SCIENTIFIC L T P C
INVESTIGATION
3 1 0 4

OBJECTIVES:

● To introduce students to the area of forensic science, which involves using forensic
science techniques to investigate crimes.
● To gain proficiency in examining evidence from a crime scene using scientific
knowledge and principles.
● To reach scientific conclusions and provide expert evidence in courts on their findings.
MODULE I SIGNIFICANCE OF SCIENTIFIC INVESTIGATION 12 Hrs
IN CRIMINAL CASES

Crime Scene Management; Discovery of traces of physical evidence; Classification of

physical evidence; Suspect Management, Crime scene security, Crime scene search
techniques; Principle of exchange, Principle of Heredity, Principle of Individuality, Principle
of Comparison, Principle of Analysis and Probability;

MODULE II COLLECTION AND PRESERVATION OF 12 Hrs

EVIDENCE

Procedure for collecting physical evidence; Forensic photography; Forensic Dermatoglyphics

- Foot / Footwear / Tyre impressions – Finger prints, Lip prints, Ear prints and their
significance; Forensic Chemistry; Forensic Toxicology and Pharmacology; DNA profiling,
Forensic odontology, Forensic thanatology, Forensic Entomology; Preservation of forensic
evidences.

MODULE III QUESTIONED DOCUMENTS AND HANDWRITING 12 Hrs

ANALYSIS

Paper, its types and identification; Charred documents; Typewritten and Printed Documents;
Writing tools, Types of forgery and their detection; Handwriting Analysis - habit and flow;
Paleography, Graphology, Disguised writing; Signature examination – authentic signature,
forged signature.

MODULE IV EXPLOSIVES AND FIREARMS IDENTIFICATION 12 Hrs

Principle of explosives analysis, identification of explosive materials, bombing scene
investigation; Firearms, Bullets and Cartridges – their range of firing; Traces left by the
weapons, Gunshot residue; Trace explosives detectors; Automated Computer Search
Technology; NIBIN.

MODULE V CRIMINALISTICS TECHNIQUES 12 Hrs

DNA Phenotyping; DNA sequencer; Modern scientific Techniques of Narco - Analysis Tests,
Polygraph test, Brain Mapping Test, Hypnotism, Lie Detector Test, Evidence with scientific report;
Forensic Evidence and Constitutional Challenges.

L- 48 ; T- 12 ; P- ;TOTAL HOURS-60

REFERENCES

9. Nanda, B. B., and Tewari, R. K. Forensic Science in India: A Vision for the Twenty-
first Century. India, Select Publishers, 2001.
10. Sharma, B. R. Forensic Science in Criminal Investigation and Trials. India, Universal
Law Publishing Company, 1999.
11. Modern Criminal Investigation: Harry Soderman and John J.O.Conell(Published by Funk &
Wangnalls Co.Inc.,New York)
12. Barry, A.J. Fisher; Techniques of Crime Scene Investigation, 7th Ed, CRC Press, New York,
2003.
13. Parikh, C.K; Text Book of Medical Jurisprudence, Forensic Medicine & Toxicology, CBS
Pub. New Delhi,1999
14. Houck, M.M & Siegel, J.A; Fundamentals of Forensic Science, Academic Press, London,
2006.
OUTCOMES:

On successful completion of this course, students should be able to:

 Keep up to date on all modern advances and developments in forensic science and
criminal law.
 Summarize the several specialized disciplines of forensic science and law
enforcement.
 Develop competence in criminalistics research methods and presentation of scientific
evidence.
 TEACHING AND LEARNING L T P C
PEDAGOGY 2 1 2 4

OBJECTIVES:

The core objectives of this course are to expose the postgraduate students to:

 the philosophy of learning law;

 the pedagogical tools and methods employed in the teaching of law;
 the evolution of the legal profession and the learning of law in India;
 the changing dynamics of the learning and understanding of law – its
theory and profession.

MODULE I THE LEARNING OF LAW: 05 Hrs

PHILOSOPHICAL ENQUIRIES

1. The philosophy of university level education.

2. The process of learning and the profession of teaching.
3. Lawyer as an advocate and as an academic

MODULE II THE HISTORY, EVOLUTION AND THE 15 Hrs

MODIFICATION OF LEGAL EDUCATION
IN INDIA

1. Colonial antecedents of legal education in the country.

2. Indian lawyer in the post-independence era.
3. Legal reforms and the oscillating state of legal education.
 4. Madhava Menon and the story behind law schools.
5. Upendra Baxi and the critical legal thinking.
6. The globalization of legal education – recent trends.

MODULE III LAW AND THE CHANGING SOCIETY 20 Hrs

1. What purpose for law?

2. The limits of judicial function.
3. The pervasiveness of individual liberty.
4. The ubiquity of social norms.
5. The force of technology.
6. State, corporation, society and individual.
7. What purpose for law? Revisited.

MODULE IV LESSON PLAN 10 Hrs

The students shall be asked to prepare a detailed lesson plan on any topic of their
choice. The course instructor shall provide the scheme and other details at the
beginning of the course.

MODULE V TEACHING ASSIGNMENT 15 Hrs

The students shall be asked to take a 30-minute lecture on the topic on which
they prepared their lesson plan. This shall be followed by an oral assessment and
evaluation by the course instructor.
L- 30 ; T- 15 ; P- 15 ;TOTAL HOURS-60

REFERENCES

Books:

1. J.H. Newman, The Idea of a University Defined and Illustrated: In Nine

Discourses Delivered to the Catholics of Dublin (1852)
2. Amrik Singh (ed.), On Being a Teacher (Konark Publishers, 1990)
3. N. R. Madhava Menon (ed.), Clinical Legal Education: Concept and
Concerns, A Handbook on Clinical Legal Education (Eastern Book Co.,
1998)
4. Duncan Kennedy, Legal Education and the Reproduction of Hierarchy: A
Polemic Against the System (New York University Press 2004)
5. Mathew John and Sitharamam Kakarala (eds.), Enculturing Law: New
Agendas for Legal Pedagogy (New Delhi: Tulika Books 2007)
6. Carel Stolker, Rethinking the Law School: Education, Research, Outreach
and Governance (Cambridge University Press 2014)
7. David Wilkins, Vikramaditya Khanna and David Trubek, The Indian
Legal Profession in the Age of Globalization: The Rise of the Corporate
Legal Sector and its Impact on Lawyers and Society (Cambridge
University Press 2017)

Articles:

1. Charles Bunn et. al, ‘The Place of Skills in Legal Education’ 45(3)
Columbia Law Review (May 1945) 345
2. S.P. Sathe, ‘Access to Legal Education and the Legal Profession in India’,
Rajeev Dhavan, Neil Kibble, William Twining (eds.), Access to Legal
Education and the Legal Profession (Butterworths, London 1989).
3. N.R. Madhava Menon, ‘Bar Councils and Management of Legal
Profession’, XIII (3 & 4) Indian Bar Review (1986).
4. N.R. Madhava Menon., ‘Legal Education for Professionals Responsibility
– An Appraisal of the Five Year LL.B. Course’, XII Bar Council Review
(1986)
5. Russell L. Weaver, ‘Langdell's Legacy: Living with the Case Method’, 36
Villanova Law Review (1991) 517.
 6. N.R. Madhava Menon, ‘Restructuring the Legal Profession for
Strengthening Administration of Justice’, XXII Indian Bar Review
(1995).
7. Uprendra Baxi, ‘The Pathology of the Indian Legal Professions’, XXII
Indian Bar Review (1995).
8. Krishna Iyer, ‘Professions for the People: A Third World Perspective’,
XXII Indian Bar Review (1995).
9. Jayanth K. Krishnan, ‘Professor Kingsfield Goes to Delhi: American
Academics, the Ford Foundation, and the Development of Legal
Education in India’, 46(4) The American Journal of Legal History (2004)
447
10. C. Raj Kumar, ‘Legal Education, Globalization, and Institutional
Excellence: Challenges for the Rule of Law and Access to Justice in
India’, 20(1) Indiana Journal of Global Legal Studies (2013) 1
11. G.S. Bajpai and Neha Kapur, ‘Innovative Teaching Pedagogies in Law:
A Critical Analysis of Methods and Tools’, 2 Contemporary Law Review
(2018) 91
12. Edward Rubin, What's Wrong with Langdell's Method, and What to Do
About It, 60 Vanderbilt Law Review (2019) 609
13. Cecilia A. Silver, ‘The Writing’s on the Wall: Using Multimedia
Presentation Principles from the Museum World to Improve Law School
Pedagogy, 126 Dickinson Law Review (2022) 475.

Reports:

1. Law Commission of India, 14th Report on Reform of Judicial

Administration (1958).
2. Government of India, Ministry of Law, Justice and Company Affairs,
Department of Legal Affairs, Report of Expert Committee on Legal Aid:
Processual Justice to the People (1973).
3. Government of India, Ministry of Law, Justice and Company affairs,
Department of Legal Affairs, Report on National Juridicare: Equal
Justice – Social Justice (1977).
4. Law Commission of India, 184th Report on The Legal Education and
Professional Training and Proposal for Amendments to the Advocates Act
1961 and the University Grants Commission Act 1956 (2002)

OUTCOMES:
On successful completion of this course, the students should be able to:

 appreciate the nature of law and legal profession;

 understand the varying methodologies employed to the learning of law;
 underscore the need to revitalize and reform the current state of legal
education in the country;
 evolve a self-paced teaching and learning module in the area of their
choice.
 Statistical Package for Social Sciences L T P C

2 1 2 4

OBJECTIVES:

 SPSS is a combined package of software which is a set of statistical packages for the
social science research.

 The primary application of this program is to explore the technical data which have
relevance with social science.

 These data can be utilized for survey research, market analyzation etc. The benefits of
the package area unit its relatively simple use, its familiarity to several applied math
consultants and its practicality Outcome of the subject

MODULE I Getting started with the software 12

Introduction: Data Entry, Storing and Retrieving Files, Generating New Variables; Managing
Data- Listing cases, replacing missing values, computing new variables, recoding variables,
selecting cases, sorting cases, merging files, Graphs- Creating and editing graphs and charts;
Descriptive Statistics Procedures: Frequencies, Descriptive, Explore, Cross Tabulation.

MODULE II Hypothesis Testing for Means: 12

T-tests: One sample test, independent samples and paired samples t-test; Anova – One way
analysis of variance with post hoc analysis, Two way analysis of variance.

MODULE III Testing for relationship between variables: 12

Parametric and Non-Parametric Chi-square analysis; Bivariate Correlation and simple scatter
Plot; Linear Regression: Simple Linear Regression, Multiple regression analysis with matrix
scatter plot; Binary Logistic Regression, Discriminant Analysis.

MODULE IV Sampling theory and tests of significance 12

Sampling theory and tests of significance Methods of sampling (Description only): Simple
random sampling with and without replacement (SRSWR and SRWOR) stratified random
sampling, systematic sampling. Tests of significance – z, t, chi-square and F.

MODULE V Analysis of Structure 12

Cluster analysis: Hierarchical Cluster analysis, K-Means Cluster Analysis; Factor analysis /
Principal Components Analysis

L- 30 ; T- 15 ; P- 15 ;TOTAL HOURS-60

REFERENCES

1. Performing Data Analysis using IBM SPSS, Lawrence S. Meyers, Glenn C. Gamst,
A. J. Guarino, Wiley Publication (Chapters 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 9, 10, 11, 13, 14 and 16)

2. Performing Data Analysis using IBM SPSS, Lawrence S. Meyers, Glenn C. Gamst,
A. J. Guarino, Wiley Publication (Chapters 44, 45, 46, 47, 50 and 51)

3. Performing Data Analysis using IBM SPSS, Lawrence S. Meyers, Glenn C. Gamst,
A. J. Guarino, Wiley Publication (Chapters 61, 62, 63, 65, 22, 24, 26, 30 and 55)\

4. Performing Data Analysis using IBM SPSS, Lawrence S. Meyers, Glenn C. Gamst,
A. J. Guarino, Wiley Publication (Chapters 59, 60, and 38)

5. Mood, A. M., Graybill, F. A. And Boes, D.C. : Introduction to the Theory of Statistics,
McGraw Hill.  Biswas and Srivastava – A textbook, mathematical Statistics, Ist
Edition, Narosa Publishing House, New Delhi.  Gupta, S.C. and V. K. Kapoor –
Mathemathical Statistics, Sultan Chand and sons.  Hogg,R.V. and Craig, A.T:
Introduction to Mathematical Statistics, McMillan.  S. C. Gupta – Fundamentals of
Statistics, Himalaya Publishing House

OUTCOMES:

On successful completion of this course, students should be able to:

 The researcher can easily understand the demand for a product in the market with the
help of statistical analyzation which can change their strategy.

 Primarily, SPSS is a useful package which is designed in such a way to handle the
large quantum of variables within a short period of time by using different technical
commands to produce a set of suitable outputs.
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