Name: __________________________________________________

Course: _________________
Yr/Section: _______________
Prof.Nariza Sura Tolentino, RCrim, CS-FOE
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CRIMSOC4 - PROFESSIONAL CONDUCT AND ETHICAL STANDARD
Module 1: Introduction to Ethics…………………………………………………page4-
Sub – Topic: Ethics and Values
1. Define Ethics
2. Categories of Ethics
3. Types of Normative Theories
4. The importance of ethical behavior

Module 2: Introduction to Ethics…………………………………………………..page 6

Sub – Topic: Core Values of Law Enforcement Personnel
1. Ethics and law enforcement
2. What are the core virtues of law enforcement personnel
3. Law enforcement code of ethics
4. Ethical role of law enforcement officers
5. Explain how moral virtues can be applied in the workplace.
6. What are the modern ethical issues in law enforcement

Module 3: Introduction to Ethics…………………………………………………..page 8

Sub – Topic: Attributes of Law Enforcement Personnel
1. What are the Ethical Dilemmas in Law enforcement
2. Solving Ethical Dilemmas:
3. What are the steps to make ethical decision- making efficient and practical
4. Attributes of law enforcement personnel
5. Six pillars of character of law enforcement personnel

Module 4: Law Enforcement and Professional Conduct……………………page10

Sub – Topic: Professional Conduct

1.Define Professional conduct also known as Code of Conduct

2. Police Professional Conduct
3. Discussed RA 6713 Code of Conduct and ethical standards for public officials
and employees
4. Enumerate the Ethical standards

Module 5: Law Enforcement and Professional Conduct………………………...page13

Sub – Topic: Norms of Conduct of Public Officials and Employees
1. Standards of personal conduct in the discharge and execution of official duties.
2.Duties of Public Officials and Employee
3. What are the Prohibited Acts and Transactions
4.Determine the Code of Ethics for Registered Criminologist; and,
5.Describe the responsibilities of a Registered Criminologist.

Module 6-PRELIMINARY EXAMINATION

Module 7: Law Enforcement Professional Conduct……………………………..page17

Sub – Topic: Conduct Towards the Public
1. What are the attitudes of the registered towards the profession
2. Attitude towards fellow Criminologists
3. Terms to Ponder about Police Ethics and Values

Module 8: PNP Ethical Doctrine…………………………………………………………………….page20

Sub – Topic: The PNP Core Values
1.Identify the PNP Core Values;

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2.Recite the Police Officer’s Creed;
3. PNP stand on basic issues
4. Standard of Police professionalism
5.Explain the Police Professional Conduct

Module 9: PNP Ethical Doctrine……………………………………………………………………..page23

Sub – Topic: The Ethical Standards
1.Define Ethical Standard;
2.List of Ethical acts to be observed
3.Identify the police customs and courtesies; and,
4.Determine the police customs and ceremonies.
5. Other police customs

Module 10: PNP Ethical Doctrine………………………………………………page26

Sub – Topic: Police Tradition
1.Define Police Tradition;
2. Police officer’s pledge(POP) Principles and conduct of law enforcement officials
3.Identify the fundamental principle in police work; and,
4.Observe proper decorum of police tradition.

Module 11: PNP Ethics and Values Formation……………………………………………….page29

Sub – Topic: Importance of Ethics and Values
1. Importance of Ethics
2. Ethics and Law
3. Distinguished Human Act and Acts of Man
4. The six (6) core work values
5. Significance of ethics and values in police work
6. Police Officers as Role Models
7. Ethics as Value Education
8. Definition of Value
9. Types of Values
10. Kinds of values
11. Moral Values
12. Characteristics of Human Values:

Module 12: MIDTERM EXAMINATION

Module 13: PNP Ethics and Values Formation…………………………………page34

Sub – Topic: Impact of Filipino Traits of PNP Ethics
1. Positive and negative traits of the Filipino
2.The Filipino Police officer
4. The Five (5)characteristics of a Police officer
5. Strength of the Filipino Police officer
STRENGTH OF THE FILIPINO POLICE OFFICER

Module 14: PNP Ethics and Values Formation…………………………………page38

Sub – Topic: Challenges Facing the Filipino Police Officer
1.Define Political Meddling and Corruption
2.Weaknesses of the Filipino Police officer
3.The most common types of corruption in the PNP
4. The sensitive issue of gratuities

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5. Discussed police brutality and abuse of authority

Module 15: Police Community Relation…………………………………………page42

Sub – Topic: Community Policing

1.Define Community Policing

2..Identify the components of community policing;
3.Steps to Influence Individuals to join PNP Programs
4. What are the activities in Community Policing
5.Differentiate the types of community interaction, and,
3.Explain the important basic principles of community policing

Module 16: Police Community Relation ………………………………………….page45

Sub – Topic: The PNP Revised Master Plan

1.Identify the PNP Revised PCR Master Plan;

2.Differentiate the internal and external targets; and,
3. Evaluation of PCR policy plans
4.PCR in Community Oriented Policing System (COPS)
5.Explain the 4 General Approaches in Police Community Relation Program.
6. The PCR TEAM : The PCR Team Composition
7. The power of good grooming and dressing

Module 17: Police Community Relation…………………………………………page49

Sub – Topic: Public Information

1.Define Public Information;

2.Public Information and Perception Management
3.Sources of Public Information
4. Releasing information to the media
5.Dealing the bad news: Principles in dealing with bad news for senior officials
6. Community affairs division: Functional Sections of the Community Affairs Division
7.What is Information operation research center: Fundamental in Information Operation
8.Distinguish the approach in internal Security Operations; and
9.Differentiate the Information and Information operation
10. What are the forms of information operation
11. What is Barangay peacekeeping PCR operation
12. PCR’s Approach in Internal Security Operations
13. Securing CommunityVisit

Module 18-FINAL-EXAMINATION

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Module 1: Introduction to Ethics

Sub – Topic: Ethics and Values

ETHICS

Ethics also called morality or moral philosophy is the discipline that is concerned with what is
morally good and bad, right and wrong, ethics is applied to any system or theory and moral values or
principles. Ethics also refers to the study and development of one’s ethical standards.
Ethics is the capacity to determine right conduct and the knowledge of what is right from wrong.
Values on the other hand, are the application of ethics.

CATEGORIES OF ETHICS
1. Normative Theory – describe not only ought to done, but also why things should be done.
2. Meta – ethics Theory – this theory does not address how a person should behave; rather meta –
ethics is related more to the study of the ethical theory itself.
3. Applied Ethics Theory – it describes the application of normative theories to specified issues,
usually related to work or belonging to an organization.

Types of Normative Theories

There are three categories of ethical theories, the Normative Ethical Theory will be further analyzed.

1. Utilitarian Ethics. Utilitarian ethics is a normative ethical system that is primarily concerned with
the consequences of ethical decisions; therefore, it can be described as a teleological theory or
consequentialist theory. Teleological reasoning takes into consideration that the ethical decision is
dependent upon consequences (ends) of the action.
2. Deontology. Probably the most complex of all the ethical system is the deontological theory. The
word deontology comes from the Greek word deon, meaning “Obligation” or “duty.” It is an ethical
system primarily concerned with one’s duty. A duty is something that is required to be executed,
regardless of whether the police officer wants or not.
3. Virtue Ethics. Virtue ethics has its historical background in ancient Greece and was primarily
develop by Aristotle. For law enforcement, the major foundation in virtue ethics is the idea that if
you are a good person you will do good things, and to be good, you must do well. The good act is an
automatic response requiring little thought.
4. Ethics of Care. Also known as feminist ethics. Ethics of care is primarily concerned with caring for
others. This has evolved from the need to care for those who cannot care for themselves, such as
infants. It is a system that assists your relations with other people and thereby strengthens how you
positively interact with people.
5. Egoism. Egoism is a descriptive principle that does not tell you necessarily how you ought to
behave, but rather why you behave the way you do.
According to the tenets of egoism, the core reason that someone does any action is self – serving by
bringing happiness or some others benefit to him or herself.
6. Religion or Divine Command Theory. Religion is often considered the most widely used system to
make ethical decisions and to conduct moral reasoning. Throughout the world, people rely on a
variety of religions to help them determine the most ethical action to take. While dive command
theory is widely used throughout the world.
7. Natural Law. Natural law was espoused by Saint Thomas Aquinas, who viewed the world as being
created by God and understand that humans are rational being capable of using their intellect to

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comprehend the world. By extension, God enable humans to reason naturally to make ethical
choices. Aquinas viewed the first principle of natural law as: “good is to be done and promoted, and
evil is to be avoided.” Simply put, natural law asserts that what is good is natural, and what is natural
is good.
8. Social Contact Theory. Social contact theory is another descriptive theory about society and the
relationship between rules laws, and why society needs them. Accordingly, a society without rules
and laws o govern actions would be dreadful place to live. In such a state, people would act on their
own accord, without any responsibility to their community.
9. Rawls’ Theory of Justice. John Rawls (1921 – 2002) was a contemporary philosopher, who studied
theories surrounding justice. His theories are not focused on helping individuals cope with ethical
dilemmas, rather they address general concepts that consider how the criminal justice system ought
to behave and function in a liberal democracy. It is for the reason that it important that all law
enforcement personnel be aware of Rawls theories of justice or at least have a general understanding
of the major concepts that he puts forth.
1. Each person is to have an equal right to the most extensive basic liberty compatible with similar
liberty for others.
2. Social and economic inequalities are to be arranged so that they are both
a. Reasonably expected to be everyone’s advantage
b. Attached to positions and offices open to all.

THE IMPORTANCE OF ETHICAL BEHAVIOR

✔ More society better. When you help make society better, you are rewarded with also making better
own lives and the lives of your family and friends.
✔ Treat everyone equally. Equality is a cornerstone of most Western democracies, where all
individuals are afforded the same right.
✔ Secure meaningful employment. Other employers will look at a person’s past behavior as a
predictor of future behavior.
✔ Succeed at business. If you are employed in an occupation in which there you must rely on others,
your moral conduct will determine the degree of goodwill that you receive form others.
✔ Lessen stress. When you make immoral decision, you tend to feel uncomfortable and concerned
about our decision making.

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Module 2: Introduction to Ethics
Sub – Topic: Core Values of Law Enforcement
Personnel
ETHICS IN LAW ENFORCEMENT

By ensuring that no person is above the law. The police protect citizens from victimization. Through
the enforcement of the law, police ensure that no individual or group violently assert its will over public
order.

CORE VIRTUES OF LAW INFORCEMENT PERSONNEL

PRUDENCE. Officers with the ability to decide the correct action to take when rule and policy are
not present.
Trust. Officers with the ability to relied upon the truth.
Effacement of self – interest. Officers who do not abuse their position of authority or gain
favoritisms due to their positions.
Courage. Officers who place themselves in danger intellectually and physically.
Intellectual honesty. Officers who act while weighing what they learned in training and whose
actions reflect their training and their academic abilities.
Justice. Officers who treat everyone fairly regardless of personal biases, and who act toward
individuals as if looking through a veil of neutrality.
Responsibility. Officers who understand what is right and that there are other courses of actions, but
have the intent to do right.

LAW ENFORCEMENT CODE OF ETHICS

The International Association of Chiefs on Police (IACP) adopted the universally accepted Code of
Ethics for Law Enforcement as a guideline to ethical behavior of its police professionals.
As a Law Enforcement Officer, my fundamental duty is to serve mankind; to safeguard lives and
property; to protect the innocent against deception, the weak against oppression or intimidation, and the
peaceful against violence or disorder and to respect the Constitutional right of all men and to liberty,
equality and justice.

I will keep my private life unsullied as a example to all; maintain courageous calm in the face of
danger, scorn, or ridicule; develop self-restraint, and the constantly, mindful or the welfare of others. Honest
in thought and deed in both my personal and official life. I will be exemplary in obeying the laws of the land
and the regulations of my department. Whatever I see or hear of a confidential nature or that is confided to
me in my official capacity will be kept ever secret unless revelation is necessary for the performance of my
duty.
I will never act officiously or permit personal feelings, prejudices, animosities or friendship to
influence my decision with n o compromise for crime and with relentless prosecution of criminals, I will
enforce the law courteously and appropriately without fear or favor, malice or ill will, never employing
unnecessary force or violence and never accepting gratuities.
I recognize the badge of my office as a symbol of public faith and I accepts it as a public trust to be
held so long as I am true to the ethics of the police service I will constantly strive to achieve these objectives
and ideals, dedicating myself before God to my chosen profession …. Law enforcement.

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ETHICAL ROLE OF LAW ENFORCEMENT OFFICERS
The ethical role is performed by being objective and ethical in personal behavior and in functioning
as a representative of the criminal justice system. The police officers are the representatives of the criminal
justice system even when not in the performance of their duties. Therefore, they must observe the following:
 To act in a manner that reflects the beliefs in the fundamental value of ethical behavior and
application of this value to their job.
 To conduct daily activities in an objective manner striving to be uninfluenced by emotion, personal
prejudice, or insufficient evidence.
 To provide objective and constructive assistance or information to all persons, regardless of personal
feelings.
 To assist the public to understand how they can help in achieving objective and ethical behavior.

AS EMPLOYEES IN LAW ENFORCEMENT AGENCIES

There are several reasons why people employed in law enforcement are required to be moral and to
have sound moral values. The primary ones include discretion, power, and public service.
 Discretion. Discretion in law enforcement is necessary to efficiently manage call loads and to
mediate minor incidents.
 Power. Because law enforcement officers exercise must discretion, they also wield great power.
They have the power to arrest, detain, search, seize, and question.
 Public service. The state employs law enforcement officers to carry out the state’s mandate:
enforcing the law and keeping the peace.

MODERN ETHICAL ISSUES IN LAW ENFORCEMENT

Modern ethical issues in law enforcement involve the officer’s off – duty life, upholding the law and
your rights, using necessary force and acting impartially.
Off – Duty Life. Police officers are held to an extremely high standard that requires their personal lives to
reflect the integrity of their position.
Upholding the Law and the Citizen’s Rights. Each officer swears an oath to uphold the law and to defend
an individual’s constitutional rights. One of the ethical issues that an officer faces daily is the abilit y to
uphold these oaths when they are seemingly contradictory

Necessary Force. All police officers have the authority to use necessary force to uphold the law, but in
some cases their use of force is unjustified. In the majority of cases, an officer must make a split – second
decision on what level of fore is necessary, and a misjudgment could result in injury or death of the officer.
Acting Impartially. One of the ethical issue officers are faced with the requirement to act impartially. This
idealistic type of oath causes a host of problems in real – world situations. It’s not always possible to act
impartially especially for local officers that handle the same crowds of people throughout their career.

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Module 3: Introduction to Ethics
Sub – Topic: Attributes of Law Enforcement Personnel
ETHICAL DILEMMAS IN LAW ENFORCEMENT

To solve ethical dilemmas, you must be aware of what values you consider important. Values are
defined as unverifiable “elements” of desirability, worth, and importance.” They are unverifiable because
they are not capable of being scientifically proven and may vary from person to person.

Solving Ethical Dilemmas

With values as the focal point, the following framework includes six steps to help address ethical
dilemmas in general.
1. Determine wither there is an ethical issue or/and dilemma.
2. Identify the key values and principles involved.
3. Rank the values and principles involved which – in your professional judgment are most relevant to
the issue or dilemma.
4. Develop an action plan that is consistent with the ethical priorities that have been determined as
central to the dilemma.
5. Implement your plan, utilizing the most appropriate practice skills and competencies.
6. Reflect on the outcome of this ethical decision – making process.

7 STEPS TO MAKE ETHICAL DECISION – MAKING EFFICIENT AND PRACTICAL.

The framework is specific to law enforcement officers and addresses the consideration of laws,
regulations, policy and procedures that other frameworks assume will be followed, but in law enforcement
are very important to avoid charges and allow cases against suspects to proceed.
1. Establish the facts surrounding the ethical dilemma. Facts are important in law enforcement. To
investigate all cases, officers must rely on facts to guard against misinformation and cognitive biases.
If the facts are not known, everything that surrounds dilemma must be investigated to act on the right
information. Through factual information and evidence.
2. Determine your legal obligations and duties. Be sure of our professional and legal obligations.
Professional and legal obligations will likely allow you to easily decide on a course of action to take
in an ethical dilemma. However, while professional and legal obligations may not always require a
course of action that coincides with these obligations. Your awareness of any professional and legal
obligations must be known to allow you to be fully cognizant of the consequences of your actions
should you choose to ignore professional or legal obligations.
3. Establish the interested participants involved. It is important to know who will be impacted by the
course of action that you decide upon. Often the primary participants are easy to identify, and it is the
secondary participants that are often not considered. These may include friends, families, or
employees that are related somehow to the primary participants in the ethical dilemma.
4. Determine the ethical values of each participants. Determining ethical values is important to allow
you an understanding of what is truly at stake. A participant in an ethical dilemma may value loyalty
as the most important value. However, another participant may value equality as the more important
value.
5. Consider normative ethical theories as an aide to determine a course of action. When
considering options normative ethical theories may assist you in determining the consequences of
action, or the duties you may be obligated to follow that fall outside of the laws, rules and
procedures.

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6. Consider options that would be ethically sound. There may be several options to consider, and
each option ought to be considered critically by determining what harm it would cause and what
values the person being harmed holds. The participants should consider the positives and negatives
of the decision and determine the risks and benefits associated with each option.
7. Consideration of the possible negative and positive outcomes of each possible option. Try to
predict what may otherwise be unintended consequences of your decision. These consequences may
not be readily apparent, but they require a critical analysis of the consequences of your decision.

ATTRIBUTES OF LAW ENFORCEMENT PERSONNEL

In a law enforcement context, society has expectations of officers. The virtues listed below are
attractive to law enforcement agencies, and people who demonstrate these virtues are those who law
enforcement agencies wants:
 Courageous. Officers who are willing to put themselves in harm’s way, to enforce the law, to
protect people and property and to prevent crime.
 Perseverance. Officers who are not easily deterred from doing the right thing or investigating
crimes.
 Compassion. Officers who can empathize and sympathize with lawbreakers and victims and who
understand that situations are complex and that everyone deserves respect.
 Generosity. Offers who offer themselves off duty by volunteering and who try to better the lives of
others through community service.
 Truthfulness. Officers who are trustworthy and who can be counted on to speak the truth, even
when the truth is embarrassing, or result in a not guilty decision in a case that is important to the
officer.
 Good Temper. Officers who, when considered with difficult situations, stay calm and who can
withstand pressure to react physically or verbally.

SIX PILLARS OF CHARACTER OF LAW ENFORCEMENT PERSONNEL

The six pillars identified as being the most important characteristics of an ethical police officer are:
1. Trustworthiness. Includes integrity, promise – keeping, and loyalty.
2. Respect. Treating everyone with respect, regardless of biases or provocations.
3. Responsibility. Includes accountability, the pursuit of excellence and self – restraint.
4. Justice and fairness. Includes equity demonstrating due process.
5. Caring. Showing concerns for others. Showing consideration for decisions that affect others.
6. Civic virtue and citizenship. Being socially conscious and demonstrating concern for one’s
community.

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Module 4: Law Enforcement and Professional Conduct

Sub – Topic: Professional Conduct
POLICE PROFESSIONAL CONDUCT

Professional Conduct also known as Code of Conduct is the field of regulation of members of
professional bodies, either acting under statutory or contractual powers. In the police organization, it is the
accepted manner in which a police officer should work, involves ethics, morals and standard of behavior.
Being professional it is necessary for the officer to maintain his / her ethical behavior and to have good
professional conduct.
Police Professional Conduct
 Commitment to Democracy – uniformed PNP members commit themselves to the democratic way
of life and values and maintain the principle of public accountability.
 Commitment to Public Interest – all PNP members shall always uphold public interest over and
above personal interest. All PNP personnel must avoid and prevent the “malversation of Human
Resources”, “malversation or Government time” and “malversation of Government property and
funds.”
 Non – Partisanship - PNP members shall provide services to everyone without discrimination
regardless of party affiliation in accordance with existing laws and regulations.
 Physical Fitness and Health – All PNP shall strive to be physically and mentally fit and in good
health at all time.
 Secrecy Discipline – All PNP members shall guard the confidentiality of classified information
against unauthorized disclosure, including confidential aspects of official business, special orders,
communications and other documents, rooster or any portion thereof of the PNP, contents of criminal
records, identities or person who may have given information to the police in confidence and other
classified information on intelligence material.
 Social Awareness – All PNP members and their immediate family members shall be encouraged to
actively get involved in the religious, social and civic activities to enhance the image of the
organization but without affecting official duties.
 Non – Solicitation of Patronage – All members shall seek self – improvement through career
development and shall not directly or indirectly solicit influence or recommendation from politicians,
high ranking government officials, prominent citizens, person affiliated with civic or religious
organizations with regrd to their assignments, promotions, transfer or those of other members of the
force, nor shall they initiate any petition to be prepared and presented by citizens in their behalf.
 Proper Care and Use of Public Property – PNP personnel shall be responsible for the security,
proper care and use of public property issued to them and / or deposited under their care and custody.
Unauthorized use/disposal of public property for personal convenience or gain and that of their
families, friends, or relatives is strictly prohibited.
 Respect of Human Rights – In the performance of duty, PNP members shall respect and protect
human dignity and uphold the human rights of all person. No members inflict, instigate or tolerate
extra – judicial killings, arbitrary arrest, any act of torture or other cruel, inhuman or degrading
treatment or punishment, and shall not evoke superior orders or exceptional circumstances such as a

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state – of – war, a threat to national security, internal political instability or ny public emergency as
justification for committing such human rights violations.
 Devotion to Duty – All PNP personnel shall perform their duties with dedication, thoroughness,
efficiency, enthusiasm, determination and manifest concern for public welfare, and shall refrain from
engaging in any activity which shall be in conflict with their duties as public servants.
 Conservation of Natural Resources – All personnel of the PNP shall help in the development and
conservation of our natural resources for ecological balance and posterity as these are the inalienable
heritage of our people.
 Discipline – All personnel of the PNP shall conduct themselves at all times in keeping with the rules
and regulations of the organization.
 Loyalty – above all, PNP personnel must be loyal to the Constitution and the police service as
manifested by their loyalty to their superiors, peers and subordinate as well.
 Obedience to Superior – All PNP personnel shall obey lawful orders and courteous to superior
officers and other appropriate authorities within the chain of command.
 Command Responsibility – In accordance with the Doctrine on Command Responsibility, immediate
Commanders/Directors shall be responsible for the effective supervision, control and direction of
their personnel and shall see to all that all government resources shall be managed, expanded or
utilized in accordance with laws and regulations and safeguard against losses thru illegal or improper
disposition.
CODE OF CONDUCT AND ETHICAL STANDARDS FOR PUBLIC OFFICALS AND
EMPLOYEES
Ethical Standards shall refer to established and generally accepted moral values. In better
understanding the selected provisions of R.A. No. 6713, the same law provided operational definitions to
some important terms. Republic act no. 6713 is an act establishing a code of conduct and ethical standards
for public official and employees, to uphold the time-honored principle of public office being a public trust,
granting incentives and rewards for exemplary service, enumerating prohibited acts and transactions and
providing penalties for violations thereof and for other purposes.
 Public Officials – includes elective and appointive officials and employees, permanent or temporary,
whether or in the career or non – career service, including military and police personnel, whether or
not they receive compensation regardless of amount.
 Gift – refers to a thing or a right to disposed of gratuitously, or any act of liberality, in favor of
another who accepts it, and shall include a simulated sale or an ostensibly onerous disposition
thereof.
 Receiving Gift – includes the act of accepting directly or indirectly, a gift from a person other than a
member of his family or relative, even on the occasion of a family celebration or national festivity
like Christmas, if the value of the gift is neither nominal nor insignificant, or the gift is given in
anticipation of, or exchange for, a favor.
 The Loan - covers simple loan and accommodator as well as guarantee, financing arrangements or
accommodations intended to ensure its approval.
 Substantial Stockholder – any person who owns directly or indirectly, shares of stock sufficient to
elect a director of a corporation. This term shall also apply to the parties to a wrong trust.
 Family of Public Officials or Employees - means their spouses and unmarried children under

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eighteen (18) years of age.
 A Person – includes natural and juridical persons unless the context indicates otherwise.
 Conflict of Interest – arises when a public official or employee is a member of a board, an officer,
or a substantial stockholder of a private corporation or owner or has a considerable interest in a
business, and the interest of such corporation or business, or his right or duties therein, may be
opposed to or affected by the faithful performance of official duty.
 Divestment – is the transfer of title or disposal of an interest in the property by voluntarily, entirely
and depriving or dispossessing oneself of his right or title to it in favor of a person or persons other
than his spouse and relatives as defined in this act.

 Relatives – refer to any persons related to public official or employee within the fourth civil degree
of consanguinity or affinity, including bills, into and balance.
THE ETHICAL STANDARDS
Ethical acts to be observed are the following:
 Morality – all PNP personnel shall adhere to high standard morality and decency and shall set good
examples for others to follow.
 Judicious Use of Authority – PNP members shall exercise proper and legitimate use of authority in
the performance of duty.
 Integrity – PNP personnel shall not allow themselves to be victims of corruption and dishonest
practices in accordance with the provisions of RA6713 and other applicable laws.
 Justice – PNP personnel shall strive constantly to respect the rights of others so that they can fulfill
their duties and exercise their rights as human beings, parents, children, citizens, workers, leaders, or
in other capacities and to see to it that others do likewise.
 Humility – all PNP personnel shall recognize the fact that they are public servants and not the
masters of the people and toward this end, they should perform their duties without arrogance. They
should also recognize their own inadequacies, in abilities and limitations as individuals and perform
their duties without attracting attention expecting the applause of others.
 Orderliness – all PNP shall follow logical procedures in accomplishing tasks assigned to them to
minimize waste in the use of time, money and effort.
Perseverance – once a decision is made, PNP members shall take legitimate means to achieve the goal even
in the face of internal or external difficulties, and despite anything which might weaken their resolve in the
course of time

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Module 5: Law Enforcement and Professional Conduct

Sub – Topic: Norms of Conduct of Public Officials and Employees

NORMS OF CONDUCT OF PUBLIC OFFICIALS AND EMPLOYEES

Every public official and employee shall observe the following as standards of personal conduct in
the discharge and execution of official duties.
A. Commitment to Public Interest
Public officials and employees shall always uphold the public interest over and above
personal interest.
B. Professionalism
Public officials and employees shall perform and discharge their duties with the highest
degree of excellence, professionalism, intelligence, and skill. They shall enter public service with
utmost devotion and dedication to duty. They shall endeavor or discourage wrong perceptions of
their roles as dispensers or peddlers of undue patronage.
C. Justness and Sincerity
Public officials and employees shall remain faithful to people at all times. They must act with
justness and sincerity and shall not discriminate against anyone, especially the poor and the
underprivileged. They shall at all times respect the right of others and refrain from doing acts
contrary to law, and good morals, good customs, public policy, public order, public safety and public
interest.
D. Political Neutrality
Public officials and employees shall provide service to everyone without unfair
discrimination and regardless of party affiliation preference.
E. Responsiveness to the Public
Public officials and employees shall extent prompt, courteous and adequate service to the
public.
F. Nationalism and Patriotism
Public officials and employees shall at all time be loyal to the Republic and to the Filipino
people, promote the use of locally produce goods, resources and technology and encourage
appreciation and pride of country and people.
G. Commitment to Democracy
Public officials and employees shall commit themselves to the democratic way of life and
values, maintain the principle of public accountability, and manifest by deeds the supremacy of
civilian authority over the military.
H. Simple Living
Public officials and employees and their families shall lead modest lives appropriate to their
positions and income. They shall not indulge in an extravagant or ostentatious display of wealth in
any form.

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Duties of Public Officials and Employees

In the performance of their duties, all public officials and employees are under obligation to:
A. Act Promptly on Letters and Requests
All public officials and employees shall within fifteen (15) working days from receipt
thereof, respond to letters, telegrams or other means of communications sent by the public. The reply
must contain the action taken on the request.
B. Submit Annual Performance Reports
All heads or other responsible officers of offices and agencies of the government and
government – owned or controlled corporations shall within forty – five (45) working days from the
end of the year, render a performance report of the agency or office or corporation concerned.
C. Process Documents and Papers Expeditiously
All official papers and documents must be processed and completed within a reasonable time
from the preparation thereof and must contain, as far as practicable, not more than three (3)
signatories therein. In the absence of duly authorized signatories, the official next in rank or officer
in-charge shall sign for and in their behalf.
D. Act Immediately of the Public’s Transactions
All public officials and employees must attend to anyone who wants to avail himself of the
services of their office and must, at all times, act promptly and expeditiously.
E. Make Documents Accessible to the Public
All public documents must be made accessible to, and readily available for inspection by, the
public within reasonable working hours.

Prohibited Acts and Transactions

In addition to acts and omissions of public officials and employees now prescribed in the
Constitution and existing laws, the following:
A. Financial and Material Interest – public officials and employees shall not, directly or indirectly
have any financial or material interest in any transaction requiring the approval of their office.
B. Outside Employment and Other Activities Related to It – public official and employees during
their incumbency shall not:
1. Own, control, manage or accept employment as an officer, employee, consultant, counsel, broker,
agent, trustee or nominee in any private enterprise regulated, supervised or licensed by their office
unless expressly allowed by law.
2. Engage in the practice of their profession unless authorized by the Constitution or law, provided, that
such practice will not conflict or tend to conflict with their official functions; or
3. Recommend any person to any position in a private enterprise which has a regular or pending official
transaction with their office. The probation shall continue to apply for one (1) year after resignation,
retirement, or separation from public office.
C. Disclosure and Misuse of Confidential Information – public officials and employees shall not use
or divulge, confidential for classified information officially known to them because of their office

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and not made available to the public, either:
1. To further their private interests, or give undue advantage to anyone; or
2. To prejudice the public interest
D. Solicitation or Acceptance of Gifts - public officials and employees shall not solicit or accept,
directly or indirectly, any gift, gratuity, favor, entertainment, loan or anything of monetary value
from any person in the course of their official duties or in connection with any operation being
regulated by, or any transaction which may be affected by the functions of their office.
E. Divestment – a public official or employee shall avoid conflicts of interest at all time.

CODE OF ETHICS FOR REGISTERED CRIMINOLOGIST

In the Philippines, criminology is considered as profession as mandated by Republic Act Number
6506 otherwise known as An Act Creating the Board of Examiners for Criminologist in the Philippines and
subsequently amended by Republic Act Number 11131 otherwise known as The Philippine Criminology
Profession Act of 2018. Consequently, criminology professional must also adhere to specific professional
standards and ethics. A Bachelor of Science in Criminology graduate who passed the licensure examination
must always remember that his or her profession is a criminologist regardless of his or her employment in
any of the law enforcement agencies, correctional agencies, security industries or teaching in the academe.

PRIMARY RESPONSIBILITY OF A REGISTERED CRIMINOLOGIST

A license Criminologist has the following obligations to perform;
1. The primary responsibility of every person admitted to the practice of Criminologist as a Registered
Criminologist is to bear faithful allegiance to the Republic of the Philippines and be loyal to his
profession. They shall accept as a sacred obligation and responsibility as citizens to support the
Constitution of the Philippines and as a Registered Criminologist to defend the principles of liberty
as defined in the Constitution and Laws.
2. As a Registered Criminologist, they shall strive to improve their effectiveness by diligent study and
serious attention to improvement and welcome the opportunity to disseminate practical and useful
information relating to matters accruing to the benefit of public safety and welfare.

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MODULE 6- PRELIMINARY EXAMINATION

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Module 7: Law Enforcement Professional Conduct

Sub – Topic: Conduct Towards the Public

ATTITUDES TOWAREDS PROFESSION

1. The Criminologists shall strive to make the best application of science to the solution of the crime,
by diligent study and serious attention to self – improvement, and in the fields of human
relationships strive for effective leadership and public influence in matters affecting public safety.
2. He shall appreciate the importance and responsibility of his profession as an honorable one rendering
valuable service to his community and country. They strive to attain certain of the most withering
cross – examination particularly from fellow criminologists and associates.
3. He shall avoid outside influence from overzealous and overanxious clients, and his findings shall be
based solely and entirely on logical and scientific deduction derived from a fair and impartial
examination personally performed by him.
4. He must never lose sight of the important fact that he should not only work for the identification,
apprehension and conviction of criminals but must strive with greater if not equal vigor to clear the
innocent

Attitude Towards Fellow Criminologists

1. The Criminologists shall constantly strive to improve the professional standing of Criminology
through association with others in the profession and keeping abreast with the fast – moving
world of science and technology through continuous research and development.
2. He shall cooperate fully with fellow criminologists regardless of personal prejudice. He must
possess a sense of dedication to his profession and a sense of duty and obligation to his
fellowmen.
3. He shall cooperate with fellow criminologists and public officials to the end that the safety and
general welfare of the public will be assured, never permitting jealousies or personal differences
to influence their professional duties and obligations.
Law Enforcement Code of Ethics
As a Law Enforcement Officer, my fundamental duty is to serve mankind; to safeguard lives and
property; to protect the innocent against deception, the weak against oppression or intimidation, and the
peaceful against violence or disorder and to respect the Constitutional right of all men and to liberty,
equality and justice.
I will keep my private life unsullied as a example to all; maintain courageous calm in the face of
danger, scorn, or ridicule; develop self-restraint, and the constantly, mindful or the welfare of others. Honest
in thought and deed in both my personal and official life. I will be exemplary in obeying the laws of the land
and the regulations of my department. Whatever I see or hear of a confidential nature or that is confided to
me in my official capacity will be kept ever secret unless revelation is necessary for the performance of my
duty.
I will never act officiously or permit personal feelings, prejudices, animosities or friendship to
influence my decision with no compromise for crime and with relentless prosecution of criminals, I will
enforce the law courteously and appropriately without fear or favor, malice or ill will, never employing
unnecessary force or violence and never accepting gratuities.
I recognize the badge of my office as a symbol of public faith and I accepts it as a public trust to be

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held so long as I am true to the ethics of the police service I will constantly strive to achieve these objectives
and ideals, dedicating myself before God to my chosen profession …. Law enforcement.

Terms to Ponder about Police Ethics and Values

There are some terms that are related to the study professional conduct and ethical standard. Some of
these terms describe the acts that violate the PNP Ethics and Values.
Dishonesty. The concealment or distortion of truth in a manner of a fact relevant to one’s office or
connected with the performance of his duties.
Disloyalty to the government. It consists of abandonment renunciation one’s loyalty to the
government of the Philippines or advocating the overthrow of the government.
Ethical Standard. It refers to the conduct and behavior governing a group, a class or organization.
Gift. The thing or right disposed gratuitously, or any act of liberty in favor of another who accepts it,
and shall include a simulated sale of ostensibly onerous disposition thereof.
Incompetency. It is the manifested lack of adequate ability and fitness for the satisfactory
performance of police duties. This refers to any physical and intellectual quality, the lock of which
substantially incapacitates one to perform the duties of peace officers.
Malfeasance. the performance of some act which ought not to be done. It is the doing either through
ignorance, inattention or malice, of that which the officer had no legal right to do at all, as when he acts
without any authority whatsoever, or exceeds, ignores or abuse his powers.
Misconduct. This is a generally premeditated, obstinate or intentional purpose. It usually refers to
transgression of some established and definite rule of action, where no discretion is left except what
necessity may demand.
Misfeasance or Irregularities in the Performance of a Duty. It is the improper performance of
some act which might lawfully be done or the performance of a lawful act in an unlawfully or culpably
negligent manner.
Morals and Morality. It refers to what is judged as good conduct. The term moral is also used to
describe someone who can make value judgments and discernment from wrong.
Moonlighting. An act of a member of the Philippine National Police pursuing or following any
calling or occupation or the act of engaging in any business.
Nonfeasance or Neglect of Duty. It is the omission of some act which ought to be performed. It is
the omission or refusal without sufficient excuse, to perform an act or duty, which is a peace officer legal
obligation to perform.
Oppression. The act of cruelty, severity, unlawful execution, or excessive use of authority.
Police Customs and Social Decorum. A set of norms and standards practiced by members during
social and other functions.
Police Ethics. It is the practical science that treats the principle of human morality and duty as
applies to law enforcement.
Professional Conduct. It refers to the set of the behavioral standard governing particular profession
or professionals.
Violation of Law. It presupposes conviction in a court of any crime or offense penalized under
Revised Penal Code or any special law or ordinances.
Commitment to the Public Interest. All public officials and employees shall always uphold the
public interest over and above personal interest.
Professionalism. All public officials and employees shall perform and discharge their duties with the
highest degree of excellence, professionalism, intelligence, and skill. They shall enter public service with
utmost devotion and dedication to duty. They shall endeavor to discourage wrong perceptions of their roles
as dispensers or peddlers of undue patronage.

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Solicitation or Acceptance of Gifts. All public officials and employees shall not solicit or ccept,
directly or indirectly, any gift, gratuity, favor, entertainment, loan or anything of monetary value from any
person in the course of their official duties or in connection with any operation being regulated by, or any
transaction which may be affected by the functions of their office.

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Module 8: PNP Ethical Doctrine

Sub – Topic: The PNP Core Values

The PNP Core Values

The public service is a noble profession which demands from its member’s specialized knowledge
and skills, as well as high standards of ethics and morality. The member of the PNP must adhere to and
internalize the enduring core values of:
 Love of God
 Respect for authority
 Selfless love and service for people
 Sanctity of marriage and family life
 Responsible dominion and stewardship over material things
 Truthfulness
The Police Officer’s Creed
I believe in God, The Supreme Being, The Great Provider, and The Creator of all men and
everything dear to me. In return, I can do no less than love Him above all obeying His word, seek His
guidance in the performance of my sworn duties and honor Him at all times.
I believe that respect for authority is a duty. I respect and uphold the Constitution, the laws of the
land and the applicable rules and regulations. I recognize the legitimacy and authority of the leadership and
obey the legal orders of my superior officers.
I believe in selfless love and service to people. Towards this end, I commit myself to the service of
my fellowmen over and above my interest.
I believe in the sanctity of marriage and family life. I shall set the example of decency and morality,
shall have high regard for family life and the value of marital fidelity.
I believe in the responsible dominion and stewardship over material things. I shall inhibit myself
from extravagance and ostentatious display of material things. I shall help protect the environment and
conserve nature to maintain ecological balance.
I believe in the wisdom of truthfulness. I must be trustworthy and I shall uphold the truth at all times.
PNP STAND ON BASIC ISSUES
The deployment and employment of the PNP personnel require the organization and its members to
bare their stand on the following basic issues.
1. PNP Image. The image of every organization affects the esprit d’ corps, morale and welfare of the
members, and sense of pride to the organization. Thus, all members of the PNP should act in a
manner that would reflect best on the PNP and live by the PNP’s core values.
2. Career Management, the Key to Professionalism. The proper implementation of the PNP’s Career
Management will significantly enhance the personnel professionalization process with regards to
procurement, training, promotions, assignment, placement, awards and retirement. The PNP shall
formulate a stringent policy and strictly implement the human resources development system,
compatible to the equitable distribution of procurement, fair promotion, rationalized approach in the
assignment, skill development, the immediate grant of reward and award, and decent living upon
retirement.
3. Police Management Leadership. The effectiveness of law enforcement is reflective of the

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managerial capabilities and competent leadership of the men and women who run the PNP
organization. These attributes must therefore, be one of the primary bases for consideration in the
selection of personnel for employment and development purposes.
4. Equality to the Service. There shall be judicious and equitable distribution of opportunity to prove
one’s worth in the police service. The problem on inequity thru class orientation and functionalism,
both real and perceived, premised on favored assignment, the inequitable opportunity of training,
unfair granting of promotion, and untimely awarding of achievements, will create an atmosphere of
demoralization. The result is inefficiency and lock of teamwork to the detriment of the organization.
It behooves. Therefore, the PNP leadership address the situation. the civilian character of the
organization requires adherence to the rule on merit and fitness system and to dissociate the above
process from class orientation and functionalism.
5. Delicadeza. In consonant with the requirements of honor and integrity in the PNP, all members must
have the moral courage to sacrifice self – interest in keeping with the time – honored principle of
delicadeza.
6. Police Lifestyle. The PNP shall promote and maintain a lifestyle for its members which the public
will find credible and respectable. The public expects a police officer to live a simple and dignified
life they must be free from greed corruption and exploitation.
7. Political Patronage. PNP members shall inhibit themselves from soliciting political patronage on
matters about the assignment, award, training and promotion.
8. Setting Example. All PNP members shall set a good example to their subordinates and follow a
good example from the superiors.
9. Human Rights. All PNP members must respect and protect human dignity aand man’s inalienable
rights to life, liberty and property.
PROFESSIONAL CONDUCT AND ETHICAL STANDARDS
Standard of Police Professionalism
PNP members shall perform their duties with integrity, intelligence, and competence in the
application of specialized skills and technical knowledge with excellence and expertise.
POLICE PROFESSIONAL CONDUCT
1. Commitment to Democracy. Uniformed PNP members shall commit themselves to the democratic
way of life and values and maintain the principle of public accountability.
2. Commitment to Public Interest. All PNP members shall always uphold public interest over and
above personal interest. All government properties, resources and powers of their respective offices
must be employed and used effectively, honestly and efficiently particularly to avoid wastage of
public funds and revenues. All PNP personnel must avoid and prevent the “malversation of Human
Resources”, “malversation of Government time” and “malversation of Government property and
funds.”
3. Non – Partisanship. PNP members shall provide services to everyone without discrimination
regardless of party affiliation in accordance with existing laws and regulations.
4. Physical Fitness and Health. All PNP members shall strive to be physically and mentally fit and in
good health at all times. Toward this end, they shall undergo regular physical exercises and annual
medical examination in any PNP hospital or Medical facility, and actively participate in the Physical
Fitness and Sports Development Program of the PNP.
5. Secrecy Discipline. All PNP members shall guard the confidentiality of classified information

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against unauthorized disclosure, including confidential aspects of official business, special orders,
communications and other documents, roster or any portion thereof of the PNP, contents of criminal
records, identities or person who may have given information to the police in confidence and other
classified information on intelligence material.
6. Social Awareness. All PNP members and their immediate family members shall be encouraged to
actively get involved in the religious, social and civic activities to enhance the image of the
organization but without affecting their official duties.
7. Non – Solicitation of Patronage. All members shall seek self – improvement through career
development and shall not directly or indirectly solicit influence or recommendation from politicians,
high – ranking government officials, prominent citizens, persons affiliated with civic or religious
organizations with regard to their assignments, promotions, transfer or those of other members of the
force, nor shall they initiate any petition to be prepared and presented by citizens in their behalf.
Moreover, they shall advise their immediate relatives not to interfere in the activities of the police
service particularly in the assignment and reassignment of personnel.
8. Proper Care and Use of Public Property. PNP personnel shall be responsible for the security,
proper care and use of public property issued to them and/or deposited under their care and custody.
Unauthorized use/disposal of public property for personal convenience or gain and that of their
families, friends, or relatives is strictly prohibited.
9. Respect of Human Rights. In the performance of duty, PNP members shall respect and protect
human dignity and uphold the human rights of the persons. No member inflict, instigate or tolerate
extra – judicial killings, arbitrary arrests, any act of torture or other cruel, inhuman or degrading
treatment or punishment, and shall not evoke superior orders or exceptional circumstances such as a
state – of – war, a threat to national security, internal political instability or any public emergency as
justification for committing such human rights violations.
10. Devotion to Duty. All PNP personnel shall perform their duties with dedication, thoroughness,
efficiency, enthusiasm, determination and manifest concern for public welfare and shall refrain from
engaging in any activity which shall be in conflict with their duties as public servants.
11. Conservation of Natural Resources. All personnel of the PNP shall help in the development and
conservation of our natural resources or ecological balance and prosperity as these are the inalienable
heritage of our people.
12. Discipline. All personnel of the PNP shall conduct themselves at all times in keeping with the rules
and regulations of the organization.
13. Loyalty. Above all, PNP personnel must be loyal to the constitution and the police service as
manifested by their loyalty to their superiors, peers and subordinates as well.
14. Obedience to Superiors. All PNP personnel shall obey lawful orders and courteous to superior
officers and other appropriate authorities within the chain of command. They shall readily accept
whenever they are assigned anywhere in the country. Therefore, it is a taboo for any personnel to
petition in court or in any public forum his assignment.
15. Command Responsibility. In accordance with the Doctrine on Command Responsibility, immediate
Commanders/Directors shall be responsible for the effective supervision, control and direction of
their personnel and shall see to it that all government resources shall be managed, expanded or
utilized in accordance with laws and regulations and safeguard against losses thru illegal or improper
disposition.

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Module 9: PNP Ethical Doctrine

Sub – Topic: The Ethical Standards
THE ETHICAL STANDARD
Ethical standards shall refer to establish and generally accepted moral values. Ethical acts to be
observed are the following.
1. Morality. PNP members shall adhere to high standards of morality and decency and shall set good
examples for others too follow.in no instance during their terms of office, among other things, shall
they be involved as owners, operators, managers, or investors in any house of ill-repute or illegal
gambling den or other places devoted to vices, nor they shall patronize such places unless on official
duty, and tolerate operations of such establishment in their respective areas of responsibilities. They
shall faithful to their lawfully wedded spouses.
2. Judicious Use of Authority. PNP members shall exercise proper and legitimate use of authority in
the performance of duty.
3. Integrity. PNP members shall not allow themselves to be victims of corruption and dishonest
practices by the provisions of RA 6713 and other applicable laws.
4. Justice. PNP members shall constantly strive to respect the rights of others so that they can fulfill
their duties and exercise their rights as human beings, parents, children, citizens, workers, leaders, or
in other capacities and to see to it that others to likewise.
5. Humility. PNP members shall recognize the fact that they are public servants and not the masters of
the people. They should perform their duties without attracting attention or expecting the applause of
others.
6. Orderliness. PNP members shall follow original procedures in accomplishing tasks assigned to them
to minimize waste in the use of time, money and effort.
7. Perseverance. Once a decision is made, PNP members shall take legitimate means to achieve the
goal even in the face of internal or external difficulties and despite anything which might weaken
their resolve over time.

CUSTOMS AND TRADITIONS

The PNP adopts the generally accepted customs and traditions based on the desirable practices of the
police service. These shall serve to inspire PNP members as the organization endeavors to attain its goals
and objectives.

Definition of Terms
1. Customs. Established usage or social practices carried on by tradition that has obtained the force of
law.
2. Traditions. Bodies of beliefs, stories, customs, and usages handed down from generation to
generation with the effect of an unwritten law.
3. Courtesy. A manifestation of the expression of consideration and respect for others.
4. Ceremony. A formal act or a set of formal acts established by customs or authority as proper to
special occasion.

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5. Social Decorum. A set of norms and standards practiced by members during social activities and
other functions.

POLICE CUSTOMS AND COURTESY

1. Salute. Salute is the usual greetings rendered by uniformed members upon meeting and recognizing
a person entitled to a salute.
2. Salute to National Color and Standard. Members stand at attention and salute the national color
and standard as these passes by them or when the national color is raised or lowered during
ceremonies.
3. Address / Title. Junior in rank address senior members who are entitled to salute with the word “Sir”
or “Ma’am.” All Police Commissioned Officers shall be address sir or ma’am by Police Non –
Commissioned Officers and non – Uniformed Personnel.
4. Courtesy Calls. The following are the customs on courtesy calls:
 Courtesy Calls of Newly Assigned / Appointed Member. PNP members who are newly appointed
or assigned in unit or command, called on the chief of the unit or command and other key personnel
as a matter of courtesy, as well as for accounting orientation, and other purposes.
 Christmas Call. PNP members pay a Christmas Call on their local executive in their respective area
of responsibility.
 New Year’s Call. PNP members pay a New Year’s Call on their commanders and key officials in
their respective areas of responsibility.
 Promotion Call. Newly promoted PNP members call on unit head. On this occasion, they are
usually given due recognition and congratulations by their peers for such deserved accomplishment
 Exit Call. PNP members pay an Exit Call on their persons in the unit or command when relieved or
reassigned out of the said unit or command.
5. Courtesy of the Post. The host unit extends hospitality to visiting personnel who pay respect to the
command or unit.
6. Rank Has – Its – Own Privilege (RHIP). PNP members recognize the practice that different ranks
carry with them corresponding privilege.

POLICE CUSTOMS AND CEREMONIES

1. Flag Raising Ceremonies. PNP members honor the flag by hoisting and singing National Anthem
before the start of the official day’s work.
2. Flag Lowering Ceremonies. At the end of the official days’ work, the PNP members pause for a
moment to salute the lowering of the flag.
3. Half – Mast. The flag is raised at half – mast in deference to deceased uniformed members of the
command.
4. Funeral Service and Honors. Departed uniformed members, retirees, war veterans or former PC /
INP members are given vigil, necrological services and graveside honors as a gesture of farewell
5. Ceremony Tendered to Retirees. In recognition of their long, faithful and honorable service to the
PNP, a testimonial activity shall be tendered in their honor.

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6. Honor Ceremony. Arrival and departure honor ceremonies are rendered to visiting dignitaries,
VIPs, PNP Officers with the grade of Chief Superintendent and above and AFP officers of equivalent
grade unless waived.
7. Turnover Ceremony. The relinquishment and assumption of command or key position are publicly
announced in a Turnover Ceremony by the outgoing and incoming officers in the presence of the
immediate supervisor or his representative. Outgoing Commander / Director should not leave his
post without a proper turnover. Turn – over includes the turnover of properties / equipment, human
and material resources.
8. Wedding Ceremony. During the marriage of PNP members, a ceremony is conducted with
participants in uniform and swords drawn.
9. Anniversary. The birth or institutional establishment of a command or unit is commemorated in an
Anniversary Ceremony.
10. Proper Attire. PNP members always wear appropriate and proper attire in conformity with the
occasion.
11. Table Manners. PNP members observe table etiquette at all times.
12. Social Graces. PNP members conduct themselves property in dealing with people during social
functions.
13. Uniform / Appearance. The public looks upon a PNP member as distinctively a man among men. It
is a welcome sight when PNP members wear their uniform properly wherever they may be. Bulging
stomach is a taboo in the uniformed service. Since disciplined PNP members are best example by
those who are neat in appearance and wearing the prescribed uniform, they must therefore, observe
the following:
 Wearing of prescribed uniform.
 Adherence to haircut prescribed by rules and regulations.
14. Manner of Walking. Every PNP member is expected to walk with pride and dignity.

OTHER POLICE CUSTOMS

1. Visiting the Sick. Immediate commanders or other available officer of the unit visit PNP Members
who are sick in the hospital, their residence or any place of confinement so that their needs are
attended to.
2. Survivor Assistance of Heir of Deceased Members. A survivor officer is designated whenever
PNP members die, to render the maximum assistance to their bereaved family until all benefits due
shall have been received.
3. Visiting the Religious Leaders. PNP Officers visit religious leaders in their areas of assignment to
establish or maintain rapport and cooperation between the different religious leaders and the PNP.
4. Athletics. PNP members indulge in physical Fitness activities to ensure that their proper physical
appearance and bearing are smaller than the size of his chest and in conformity with the standard set
forth by the organization.
5. Happy Hours. Usually my on Friday or any other day suitable for the occasion, PNP members
gather at their PNP club for light – hearted jesting or airing of minor gripes

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Module 10: PNP Ethical Doctrine

Sub – Topic: Police Tradition

POLICE TRADITIONS
The following are police traditions:
1. Spiritual Beliefs. PNP members are traditionally are religious and God – loving person. They attend
religious services together with the members of their family.
2. Valor. History attests that the Filipino law enforcers have exemplified the tradition of valor in
defending the country from aggression and oppression and protecting/preserving the life and
property of the people. They sacrifice their limbs and lives for the sake of their countrymen whom
they have pledged to serve.
3. Patriotism. The PNP members are traditionally patriotic by nature. They manifest their love of
country with a pledge of allegiance to the flag and a vow to defend the constitution.
4. Discipline. The discipline of the PNP member is manifested by instinctive obedience to lawful
orders and thorough and spontaneous actions towards attainment of organizational objectives guided
by moral, ethical and legal norms.
5. Gentlemanliness. PNP members are upright in character, gentle in manners, dignified in appearance,
and sincere in their concern to fellowmen.
6. Word of Honor. PNP members’ word is their bond. They stand by and commit to upholding it.
7. Duty. PNP members have historically exemplified themselves as dedicated public servants who
perform their tasks with a deep sense of responsibility and sacrifice. They shall readily accept
assignment anywhere in the country.
8. Loyalty. PNP members are traditionally loyal to the organization, country, and people as borne by
history and practice.
9. Camaraderie. The binding spirit that enhances teamwork and cooperation in the police organization,
extending to the people they serve is manifested by the PNP members’ deep commitment nd concern
for one another.
POLICE OFFICER’S PLEDGE (POP) PRINCIPLES AND CONDUCT OF LAW
ENFORCEMENT OFFICIALS
The Police Officer’s Pledge
1. I well love and serve God, my country and people;
2. I will uphold the Constitution and obey legal orders of the duly constituted authorities;
3. I will oblige myself to maintain a high standard of morality and professionalism;
4. I will respect the customs and traditions of the police service; and
5. I will live a decent and virtuous life to serve as an example to others.
Forum to Recite
The Police Officer’s Pledge should be recited during the following occasions:
1. Flag raising and flag retreat ceremonies, jointly with the Pledge of Allegiance to the Flag
(Panunumpa sa Watawat).
2. PNP Training / course opening and closing ceremonies.
3. Seminars on moral values internalization.
4. Other ceremonies.
FUNDAMENTAL PRINCIPLES
The rigid application of fundamental principles in police work is necessary to avoid human rights
violation and maintain the respect of the profession. Thus, PNP members have the following responsibilities.

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1. To prevent and control crime, disorder, and oppression by influential / political groups, abusive
soldiers and policemen, tyrannical policemen and decadent society.
2. To recognize that the fulfillment of its function is dependent upon community approval of the
existence and on its ability to obtain and maintain responsive support and participative cooperation.
3. To recognize that to secure and maintain the approval support and cooperation on the public, it has a
collateral responsibility of securing the willing assistance of the public in the task of securing
observance of the law.
4. To recognize that when the community cooperates and assists the police, it diminishes the need for
the use of physical force and compulsion in achieving law enforcement objectives proportionately.
5. To seek and preserve public favor, not by soliciting public opinion, but by constant demonstration of
impartiality by reading offering of individual service and congeniality to all members of the
community without regards to their wealth, friendship, social standing and race; and y ready
offering of individual sacrifice and to some extent the sacrifice of relatives.
6. To use physical force only when the exercise of persuasion, advice, and warning is found to the
insufficient in the pursuit of law observance or to restore order, and shall resort only to the minimum
degree of physical force necessary on any particular occasion in achieving law enforcement
objectives.
7. To constantly maintain a wholesome relationship with the community that gives reality to the
historic tradition that the police is the people and the people is the police; police officers are
members of the community who are paid to render public safety services due upon every citizen,
endearing the principle that a public office is a public trust.
8. To recognize the need for strict adherence to the law, refrain refrain from usurping the powers and
authority of the judiciary in avenging individuals, judging guilt and punishing the guilty.
9. To recognized that the test of police efficiency is the absence of crime and disorder, not the visible
evidence of law enforcement action in dealing crime and disorder; enshrine the principle that crime
prevention is better than crime solution; measure is better than countermeasure.
10. To recognize that the test of law enforcement integrity is the presence of personal moral
responsibility exemplified by virtuous behavior and noncompromising law enforcement officer.
11. To recognize that the achievement of a professional service depends principally upo the constant
development of police education and training, research and planning and exercise.
12. To recognize that the stability of the public, the continuity of sovereignty and strength of democracy
depends upon a police organization that is constantly aware of the sensitive balance between
individual freedom and collective security; ever – alert to the dangers of extra – legal or immoral
procedures; and never compromise principle in favor of evil means to attain the good ends.
13. To recognize the ever-magnificent principle: Love God, honor the government and respect people.
14. To recognize that “the people are the peace maker, the police is the peace keeper, and the local
government is the peace preserver.” If he goes beyond and above of his role, he must observe the (3)
C’s in internal and external relations – consult coordinate and cooperate.

CODE OF CONDUCT FOR LAW ENFORCEMENT OFFICIALS

The Code of Conduct for Law Enforcement Officials was adopted by United Nations General
Assembly Resolution 34/169 of 17 Dec 1979.
A. The law enforcement shall at all times fulfill the duty imposed upon them by law, by serving the
community and by protecting all persons against legal acts, consistent with the high degree of
responsibility required by their profession.
B. In the performance of the duty, law enforcement officials shall respect and protect human dignity and
maintain and uphold the human rights of all persons.

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C. Law enforcement officials may use force only when strictly necessary and to the extent required for
the performance of their duty.
D. Matters of confidential nature in possession of law enforcement officials shall be kept confidential
unless the performance of duty or the needs of justice strictly require otherwise.
E. No law enforcement official may inflict, instigate or tolerate any act of torture or other cruel,
inhuman degrading treatment or punishment, nor may any law enforcement official invoke superior
order or exceptional circumstances such as a state of war, threat to national security, internal political
instability or any other public emergency as a justification of torture or other cruel, inhuman or
degrading treatment or punishment.
F. Law enforcement officials shall ensure the full protection of the health of persons in their custody
and, in particular, shall take immediate action o secure medical attention whenever required.
G. Law enforcement officials shall not commit any act of corruption. They shall also rigorously oppose
and combat all such acts.
H. Law enforcement officials shall respect the law and the present code. They shall also, to the best of
their capability, prevent and rigorously oppose any violation of them.
Law enforcement officials who have reason to believe that a violation of the present the code has
occurred or is about to occur shall report the matter to their superior authorities and, where
necessary, to other appropriate authorities or organs vested with reviewing or remedial power.

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Module 11: PNP Ethics and Values Formation

Sub – Topic: Importance of Ethics and Values

IMPORTANCE OF ETHICS AND VALUES

Ethics is essential knowledge. Without ethical perception, man is only an animal. Without values,
man as a rational being is a failure. Because ethics is too essential to be dismissed, each one of us was gifted
with an innate ability to understand what is right and wrong. No matter how rudimentary and vague, even
the primitive men had it. And modern man, finding convenient reasons to turn his back from it, discovers
that he is in the center of it. Moral values are the only true measure of what man ought to be. The mist
powerful king, or the most successful professional, is nothing unless he too is morally upright.
Importance of Ethics
 Indispensable knowledge
 Without moral perception, man is only an animal
 Without morality, mas as rational being is a failure
Moral integrity is the only true measure of what man ought to be. The most successful profession, is
nothing unless he too is morally upright. Thus, the philosophers speak of Ethics as the “only necessary
knowledge”.
Morality is the foundation of every human society. Without civic morality, communities perish; without
personal morality their survival has no value. Every culture admits the importance of morality as a standard
of behavior. When the moral functions of a nation are threatened, society itself is threatened.
ETHICS AND LAW
Legal history confirms that customary ethics, rather than laws, have been the prime source of social
conformity for instance:
1. The Code of Hammurabi (1726 – 1686 BC) did not in essence introduce new rules but merely
reaffirmed prevailing customs.
2. Plato in his Republic put little emphasis on law per se and more on the development of a polis- a
perfect city – where laws would be unnecessary. Leader of the polis were expected to be “men of
gold,” endowed with collective rationally and wisdom.
3. The Common Law that emerged under the Norman rule essentially to control “ruffians.”
4. The practice of chivalry, common among the English noble men at the time, needed no legal support,
because it was “law unto itself.”
5. The high level of social order among traditional Islamic societies in which relatively very few
positive laws exists.
It is necessary to clarify the relationship between the areas of ethics and law.
The purpose of ethics is not to undermine the law or to replace it, but to complement it by deferring to
the spirit of the law and to rules of equity.
Ethics Law
Study of human motivation Concerned with what we do, not what we feel
Study of external actions. It explores Concerned with the externality of the act.
thoughts and feelings
Requires that man desires that of which is Requires that we perform the required action
good and act in accordance with the desire regardless of our feelings towards such action
Addresses all human activities Applies to behaviors that lawmakers choose
to regulate

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Seeks to change people from the inside Attempt to change people from outside
outward inward
Ethical principles are constant, universal and Laws are frequently changing
everlasting
Solidly based of the reasoning process “Logical instrument” of social control that,
essential to appropriate discretion for the most part, are not necessarily products
of wisdom
Prescriptive in nature Basically reactive instrument
Dependent upon knowledge rationally and Dependent for their effectiveness upon legal
goodwill procedures and complex rules of evidence.
Morality therefore, has a wider implication than law, because law can either be moral or immoral. What
is legal is not necessarily oral; but what is moral is worth legalizing.
Ethics is not simply a body of do’s and don’t in the manner law are.
Ethics is a personal commitment to uphold what is true and good. Ethics aims to develop “right
disposition and inner spirit” for accepting what is lawful.
Human Act Acts of Man
Actions performed by man, knowingly and Actions which happen in man
freely
Deliberate or intentional actions or voluntary Instinctive and are not within the control of
the will
Actions are the result of conscious Biological and physiological movements in
knowledge and are subject to the control of man such as, metabolism, respiration, fear,
the will anger, love and jealousy
Morality is the quality of human acts by which they are constituted as good, bad, or, indifferent.

THE SIX (6) CORE WORK VALUES

1. Industriousness. What a person wants to, looks for, keep busy and strives to work well.
2. Sense of Responsibility. What a person does is dependent on him, and he puts his will and intellects
to his job (creativity / initiative) and is held accountable for it.
3. Order (sense of time). Prioritizes the use of time, values his time, “first things first.”
4. Collaboration. Fosters teamwork and solidarity for unity.
5. Determination. A person possesses qualities of perseverance, patience, and strength to cope with
obstacles, difficulties, and trials.
6. Service. Performing duties or work for another, a person or an institution that brings about benefits
and results.
SIGNIFICANCE OF ETHICS AND VALUES IN POLICE WORK
Immense Power of the Police
A clear understanding of ethics is required for individuals exercising or wielding immense powers
and responsibilities. A police officer is one of these individuals who have a tremendous impact over the lives
of ordinary citizens, whether he is conscious of this fact or not.
It can be said in our system of criminal justice; the initial decision are the police. In addition to being
the enforcers of the law, they have the power to define what constitutes lawbreaking. In short, police officers
have a lot of discretionary powers.
The Social Contract
The police officers must display a higher standard of ethical behavior than that of the average citizen.
Based on the concept of the social contract, the government has the right to deprive people of the freedom in
specific circumstances or to use force if necessary to protect the rights of the greater society. In exchange for

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his relinquishment of freedoms, society expects that the government will protect citizens, respect the rights
of the citizens, and appoint agents (the police) who have the integrity to protect citizens and adhere to the
conditions of the remain a valid principle
Police Officers as Role Models
August Vollmer (recognized as the Father of Police Professionalism) once said that “The average
citizen expects the police officer to have the wisdom of Solomon, the courage of David, the strength of
Samson, the patience of Job, the leadership of Moses, the faith of Daniel, the diplomacy of Lincoln, the
tolerance of Carpenter of Nazareth, the kindness of the Good Samaritan, and finally, an intimate knowledge
of every branch of natural, biological, and social sciences. If he possesses all these qualities, then, he might
be a good policeman.” Vollmer was emphasizing a point – which is that police officers are held in every
high regard by society in general, (and with great discretionary powers), hence must be very responsible and
mindful of their actions.

Ethics as Value Education

Ethics relies solely on human reason to investigate truths. Ethics takes the form of Value Education.
A value is something a person prizes, cherishes and esteems as important to him. The aim of Value
Education is to guide the individual in choosing wisely his values and in acting upon them.
Man is a person who possesses an intellect (insight) and will (volition). Person is considered as self
or ego which implies self sufficiency of the person and implies worth or value.
Value is intimately related to the search for meaning in human life. Life is meaningful when a man
has found something capable of arousing his commitment to it, something deserving for his best efforts,
something worth living for and worth dying for.
Value enable man to change, to establish self-control and self-direction.
Definition of Value
Value is a concept that describes the beliefs of an individual or culture.
A set of values may be placed into the notion of a value system.
Values are considered subjective and vary across people and culture.
Values are ideas and norms man consider relevant and good.
It comes from the Latin word “valere” which means “to be strong or to be worth.”
Types of Values Includes
1. Ethical / moral values;
2. Doctrinal/ideological (political, religious) values;
3. Social values; and
4. Aesthetic values
Kinds of values – According to the level of human life to which they correspond.
1. Biological Values
2. Social Values
3. Rational Values
Biological Values. Necessary to the physical survival of man as an organism
1. Life and Health
2. Food and Water
3. Work
Social Values. Necessary to the sensual needs and fulfillment
1. Leisure and Sex
2. Marriage
3. Family and Home

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4. Parental Authority
5. Education

Rational Values – necessary to the functions and fulfillment of intellect and will.
1. Understanding and Control of Nature
2. Guide and Control of Oneself
3. Solidarity
4. Parental Authority with Fellowmen
5. Religion

Moral Values – are those that directly pertain to the function of intellect and will; those choices, decisions,
and actions, by which man’s national faculties are involved and perfected.

Characteristics of Human Values:

1. Moral Values are goods having intrinsic qualities of desirability
2. Moral Values are universal – they appeal to man as man and to man as a specific individual
3. Moral Values are obligatory – they come as natural duty, because possession of them is expected as
an integral quality to man as rational creature directed by nature powers towards truth, beauty and
goodness.

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Module 12 -MIDTERM EXAMINATION

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Module 13: PNP Ethics and Values Formation

Sub – Topic: Impact of Filipino Traits of PNP
Ethics
IMPACT OF FILIPINO TRAITS ON PNP ETHICS
As people, they are person – oriented, and the relationship with others are a very important part of
their lives. They are thus capable of much caring and concern for others. On the other hand, their orientation
on the extreme lends to lack of objectivity and the disregard for universal rules and procedures where
everyone, regardless of their relationship with them, is treated equally. Their orientation leads them to be
concerned for people and yet unfair to some.
Ethics is a key component competitiveness in the work environment. How to ensure that work in an
atmosphere characterized by mutual trust and confidence worth the respect of everyone in society? There is
no doubt on this fact that the greater the measure of mutual trust and confidence in the ethics of the society,
the greater its strength and support to everyone. Hence, ethics must be considered in a broader sense by the
citizens and constituent in a larger society.
POSITIVE TRAITS OF THE FILIPINO
1. Pakikipagkapwa – tao. Filipino are open to others and feel one with others. They regard others with
dignity and respect and deal with them as fellow human beings. Pakikipagkapwa – tao is manifested
in a basic sense of justice and fairness and concern for others. It is demonstrated in the Filipino’s
ability to emphasize with others, in helpfulness and generosity in times of need (pakikiramay), in the
practice of bayanihan or mutual assistance, and the famous Filipino hospitality.
2. Family Orientation. Filipino possess a genuine and deep love for family which includes not simply
spouse and children, parents and siblings, but also grandparents, aunts, uncles, cousins, godparents
and other ceremonial relatives. To the Filipino, one’s family is the source of personal identity, the
source of emotional and material support, and one’s main commitment and responsibility.
Concern for the family as manifested in the honor and respect given to parents and elders, in the care
given to children, the generosity towards kin in need, and in the great sacrifices, one endures for the
welfare of the family. This sense of family results in a feeling of belongingness and rootedness and a
basic sense of security.
3. Joy and Humor. Filipino have a cheerful and fun – loving approach to life and its ups and downs.
They have a pleasant disposition, a sense of humor and a propensity for happiness and contribute not
only to the Filipino charm but also to the indomitability of the Filipino spirit. They laugh at
themselves, and the mess they are in is an important coping mechanism. Open playful, sometimes
cynical, sometimes disrespectful, they laugh at those they love and at those hate and make jokes
about fortune and bad.
This sense of joy and humor is manifested in the Filipino’s love for social celebrations, in the
capacity to laugh even in the most trying of times, and in the appeal of political satire. The result is a
certain emotional balance, optimism, a healthy disrespect for power and office and the capacity to
survive.
4. Hard Work and Industry. Filipinos have the capacity for hard work given proper condition. The
desie to raise one’s standard of living and possess the essentials of decent life for one’s family,
combined with the right opportunities and incentives, makes the Filipino work very hard. This is
manifested most noticeably in the willingness to take risks with obs abroad and while there, to work
at two or three jobs. The result is productivity and entrepreneurship for some and survival despite
poverty for others.
5. Faith and Religiosity. Filipinos have a depth faith in God. Their innate religiosity enables them to

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comprehend and genuinely accept reality in the context of God’s will and plan. Thus, tragedy and
bad fortune are accepted, and some optimism characterizes even the poorest lives.
This of the Filipino is related to bahala na which, instead of being viewed defeatist resignation, may
be considered positively as a reservoir of psychic energy, an important psychological prop on which
they can lean during hard times. The pampalakas ng loob allows them to act despite uncertainty. The
results of Filipino’s faith are courage, daring, optimism, inner peace, as well as the capacity to
genuinely accept tragedy and death.
6. Ability to Survive. Filipinos can survive, which is manifested in their capacity for endurance despite
difficult times and in their ability to get by on so very little. Filipinos make do with what is available
in the environment. This survival instinct is related to the Filipino’s other strength – a basic
optimism, flexibility and adaptability, hard work and deep faith in God.
7. Flexibility, Adaptability, and Creativity. Filipinos have a great capacity to adjust and to adapt to
circumstances and the surrounding environment, both physical and social. Unplanned and
unanticipated events are never overly disturbing or disorienting as the flexible Filipino adjusts to
whatever happens. They possess a tolerance for ambiguity that enables them to remain unfazed by
uncertainty or lack of information. They are creative, resourceful, quick learners, and can improvise
and make use of whatever to create and produce.
NEGATIVE TRAITS OF THE FILIPINO
1. Extreme Personalism. This personalism is manifested in the tendency to give personal
interpretations to actions, “take thing personally.” Thus, a sincere question may be viewed as a
challenge to one’s competence, or positive feedback may be interpreted as a sign of special affection.
There is, in fact, some basis for such interpretations as Filipino are quite personal criticism and
praise. Personalism is also manifested in the necessity for the establishment of personal relationship
before any business, or work relationships can be successful.
Personal contacts are involved in any transaction, and these are difficult to turn down. Preference is
usually given to family and friends in hiring, delivery of services and even in voting. Extreme
personalism thus leads to the graft and corruption evident in the Philippine society.
2. Extreme Family Centeredness. While concern for the family is one of the Philippine greatest
strength, in the extreme it becomes a serious flaw. Excessive concern for the family creates an in
group to which the Filipino is fiercely to the detriment of concern for the larger community or the
common good.
3. Lack of Discipline. The Filipino’s lack of discipline encompasses several related characteristics.
They have a casual and relaxed attitude towards time and space which manifests itself in lack of
precision and compulsiveness, in poor time management and procrastination. They have an aversion
for following strictly a set of procedures and this result in a lack of standardization and quality
control. They are impatient and unable to delay gratifications or reward, resulting in the use of
shortcuts, in skirting the rules and in foolhardiness. They are guilty of ningas cogon, starting projects
with full vigor and interest which abruptly die down leaving things unfinished.
4. Passivity and Lack of Initiatives. Filipino are generally passive and lacking in initiative. One waits
to be told what has to be done. There is a strong reliance on others to do things on us. This is related
to one’s attitude towards authority. Filipinos need a strong authority figure and feel safer and more
secure in the presence of such an authority. One is generally submissive to those in authority and is
not likely to raise issues or to question decisions.
5. Kanya – kanya Syndrome. Filipino have a selfish, self – serving attitude that generates a feeling of
envy and competitiveness toward others, particularly one’s peers who seem to have gained some
status or prestige. Towards them, the Filipino demonstrates the so – called crab mentality using the
leveling instrument of tsismis, intriga, and unconstructive criticism to bring others down. There

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seems to be a basic assumption that another’s gain one’s loss.
The kanya – kanya syndrome is also evident in the personal ambition and the drive for power and
status that is completely insensitive to the common good. Personal and in group interest reign
supreme. Thus characteristic is in the lack of a sense of service among people in the government
bureaucracy. The publis is made to feel that service from these offices and these civil servants are an
extra perk that has to be paid for. The kanya – kanya syndrome results in the dampening of
community spirit and the trampling upon the rights of others.
6. Lack of Self – Analysis and Self – Reflection. There is a tendency in the Filipino to be superficial
and even somewhat flighty. In the face of serious problem, both personal and social, there is a lack of
analysis or reflection. They joke about the most serious matters, and this prevent looking deeply into
the problem. The Filipino lack of self – analysis and emphasis on form is reinforced by an
educational system that is often more form than substance and a legal system that tends to substitute
law for reality.
THE FILIPINO POLICE OFFICER
The PNP situation makes it more unique than the national situation because it has its own
occupational culture which exerts tremendous influence over its personal’s beliefs and values. Hence, a
member of the PNP must contend with the two opposing influences - his lineage as a Filipino, and his duty
as a police officer.
Five characteristics of the job of police officer seem particularly useful in explaining how police
come to be different from civilians, the uniform, the power, working hours, danger and dirty work involved
in police functions. In total, these factors work to separate the police front he public and to accentuate any
differences.

FIVE CHARACTERISTICS OF A POLICE OFFICER’S JOD

1. The Uniform. The uniform sets the officer apart, and it identifies his or her status as a police officer.
It is not possible for the uniformed officer to be inconspicuous or to blend into the crowd. Wering the
uniform marks the officer as a member of a particular minority group – the police.
2. The Power. The uniformed police officer, with the sidearm, bato, citation book, and other trapping
of office, is a walking symbol of government power in most circumstances, both the officer and the
citizen recognize that the officer is in a dominant position and can-do things to reward or punish the
citizen. The fact of power means that the police officer is not an equal of the citizen on the street. It
changes the nature of the relationship between the citizens and the police.
3. The Working Hours. In most places, police officers work rotating shifts. A typical pattern involves
changing work hours every month, so that the officer works day for one month, afternoon for the
next, nights for the third and then days again. Police officers also work weekends, holidays, and
frequently must put in overtime emergencies, and for court appearances.
4. The Danger. Everyday thousands of PNP personnel patrol the streets. While carrying this function,
they deal with several issues, situations, and problems. They must also cope with a situation in which
there is little time to decide and make a judgment, and constant movement and attentiveness must
always be observed in responding to a call for help that may have life or death implication.
A participant in a very hazardous occupation, police officers have the potential for encountering life
threatening conditions or the actual loss of life daily. Fortunately, such situations do not occur as
frequently as believed by individuals with little knowledge or experience with police. Still, no
situation should be taken lightly, because even the most common activities could end tragically.

STRENGTH OF THE FILIPINO POLICE OFFICER

6. Spiritual Beliefs. PNP members are traditionally are religious and God – loving person. They attend

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religious services together with the members of their family.
7. Valor. History attests that the Filipino law enforcers have exemplified the tradition of valor in
defending the country from aggression and oppression and protecting/preserving the life and
property of the people. They sacrifice their limbs and lives for the sake of their countrymen whom
they have pledged to serve.
8. Patriotism. The PNP members are traditionally patriotic by nature. They manifest their love of
country with a pledge of allegiance to the flag and a vow to defend the constitution.
9. Discipline. The discipline of the PNP member is manifested by instinctive obedience to lawful
orders and thorough and spontaneous actions towards attainment of organizational objectives guided
by moral, ethical and legal norms.
10. Courteous. PNP members are upright in character, gentle in manners, dignified in appearance, and
sincere in their concern to fellowmen.
11. Word of Honor. PNP members’ word is their bond. They stand by and commit to upholding it.
12. Duty. PNP members have historically exemplified themselves as dedicated public servants who
perform their tasks with a deep sense of responsibility and sacrifice. They shall readily accept
assignment anywhere in the country.
13. Loyalty. PNP members are traditionally loyal to the organization, country, and people as borne by
history and practice.
14. Camaraderie. The binding spirit that enhances teamwork and cooperation in the police organization,
extending to the people they serve is manifested by the PNP members’ deep commitment and
concern for one another.
“Camaraderie”, according to the video is defined as (noun) a good friendship and trust among members of
a group Camaraderie pronunciation: kah-muh-rah-duh-ree. Examples of Camaraderie in a sentence:
1. Because of the camaraderie they shared, the soldiers trusted each other with their lives.
2. Best friends have a deep camaraderie which is often unexplainable to others.
3. The football players had a sense of camaraderie which made them an unbeatable team.
4. After moving to a new department at work, Henry realized he missed the camaraderie with his old
coworkers.
5. Even though we were all different, we established a sense of camaraderie while taking a class together.

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Module 14: PNP Ethics and Values Formation

Sub – Topic: Challenges Facing the Filipino
Police Officer
CHALLENGES FACING THE FILIPINO POLICE OFFICER
Political Meddling. It is observed that some elected officials often attempt to influence police
operations to bolster their political positions in the community. Sometimes, police positions are awarded
based on political patronage.

Corruption. The police are not exempted from graft and corruption. As an instruction, graft and
corruption had long taken roots in the police agency. Corruption was nurtured by the long years of political
patronage that slowly eroded the moral foundation of the long organization.
Graft and corruption in the police exist in different degrees. This corruption may be as negligible as
siphoning petroleum from police vehicles for private consumption to illegal logging on gun- smuggling
activities or illegal numbers game. Corruption exists in the form of over pricing of police uniforms and
supplies, “conversion deals” and lending money at usurious rates. Police themselves were affected by a lack
of transparency in the administration of police benefits.

WEAKNESSES OF THE FILIPINO POLICE OFFICER

The weaknesses of the Filipino Police Officer are rooted in how he individually adapts to the reality
of his chosen profession. After gathering much – needed experience, a police officer often realizes that the
procedural approach does not necessarily guarantee results. In like manner, the same police officer
acknowledges that the public unfairly judges his competence based on actual results and not on whether he
followed the correct process or not.

1. Misplaced Loyalty. Due to the bonds shared by police officers in their line of work, it becomes
one’s paramount duty to protect his fellow officers at all costs, as they would protect you, even
though you may have to risk your career or your own life to do it. If your colleagues make a mistake,
took or bribe, seriously hurt somebody illegally, or got into other kinds of trouble you should do
everything you can to protect them in the ensuing investigation. If your colleagues are routinely
breaking the rules, you should never tell supervisor, reporters, or outside investigators about it. If you
don’t like it, quit or get transferred to another assignment. But never, ever, blow the whistle.

2. Cynicism. Sometimes, because of the experiences, they acquire as law enforcer, police view all
citizens with suspicion. Everyone is a possible problem, but especially those who fit a type. Recruits
learn this way of looking at others from older officers if they have not come to the job already
holding these perceptions. Cynicism spells over to their relations with other people since they have
found that friends expect favors and special treatment, and since police routinely witness negative
behavior even from the most upstanding of people. As a result, their work life leads them to the
conclusion that all people are weak, corrupt and dangerous.

3. The use of Force. The police sometimes embrace for all situations wherein a threat is perceived.
Threats may be interpreted as acts or statements “against the officer’s authority” rather than those
against the officer’s physical person. So anyone with an “attitude problem” deserves a lesson in
humility. Force is both expressive and instrumental. It is a clear symbol of the police officer’s
perceived authority and legitimate dominance in any instruction with the public, and it is also

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believed to be the most effective method of control. In other words, everyone understand a baton, it
cuts across all social and economic barriers and is the most effective tool for keeping people in line
and getting them to do what is required without argument.

4. “The Police a Victims” Mentality. This concept on the idea that the police are victims of public
misunderstanding and scorn of self – serving administrations. This feeling of victimization sets
police apart from others and rationalizes a different set of rules from them as opposed to other
members of society.

5. Preferential Application of the Law. Decisions about whether to enforce the law, in any but the
most serious cases, should be guided by both what the law says and who the suspect is. Attitude
demeanor, cooperativeness, and even regional affiliation, age and social class are all important
considerations in deciding how to treat people generally and whether or not to arrest suspects in
particular.
When a fellow police officer’s immediate family or relative commits a minor infraction, it is
understandable to look the other way because of “pakikisama.” It is common to hear the term “balato
mon a sa akin ito” during this type of situations. It is likewise understandable to expect the same
treatment from your fellow offers when your family or relatives are involved. It’s a quid pro quo
situation.
6. “The Police as Untouchable. Disrespect for police authority is an offense that should always be
punished with an arrest or use of force. This number one “offense,” which known as “contempt of a
person in uniform” cannot be ignored. Even which the party has committed no violation of the law, a
police officer should find a safe way to impose punishment, including an arrest on false charges.

7. Rewards. Police do very dangerous work, so it is proper to take any extra rewards the public wants
to give them, such as free meals, Christmas gifts and free access to movies, public transport etc. the
general rule is” taking any reward that doesn’t what you would do anyway such as eating a meal, but
don’t take money that would affect your job, such as not giving traffic tickets. One theory is that it is
acceptable to accept any reward as long as it was given wholeheartedly by an individual to a police
officer. This rationalization was even given a term “Laughing Money.”

8. Due Process. The process is always a means of protecting criminals at the expense of the law
abiding and should be ignored whenever it is safe to do so. Illegal searches and wiretaps,
interrogation without advising suspects of their rights, and if need be, even physical pain to coerce a
confession are all acceptable methods for accomplishing the goal the public wants the police to
perform, fighting crime. The rules against doing those things merely handcuff the police, making it
more difficult for them to do their jobs.

9. Lying and Deception. Lying and deception are an essential part of the public job, and even perjury
should be used if it is necessary to protect yourself or get a conviction on a “bad guy.” Violation of
due process canot be admitted to prosecutors or in court, so perjury is necessary and therefore proper.

THE MOST COMMON TYPES OF CORRUPTION IN THE PNP

1. Case Fixing. The subjective imposition of penalties or downright sabotage of the investigation
process in exchange for money or other things for personal gain.

2. Bribery. Bribery is the receipt of cash or a gift in exchange for past or future assistance in avoidance

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of prosecution as by a claim that the officer is unable to make a positive identification of a criminal
or by being in the wrong place at a time when a crime is to occur, or by any other actions that may be
excused as carelessness but not offered as proof of deliberate miscarriage of justice. It is
distinguished rom extortion by the mutual understanding regarding sevices to be performed upon the
acceptance of the gift.
3. Extortion. Extortion is the common practice of holding “street court,” where incidents such as minor
traffic tickets can be avoided with a cash payment to the officer and no receipt given. Using this
process, police have also been known to extort money from arrested drug personalities.

4. Protection. The taking of money or other rewards from vice operations or from legitimate
companies operating illegally in return for protecting them from law enforcement activity.

5. Recycling. The use or sale of confiscated items and evidence, usually drugs or narcotics.

6. Selective Enforcement. Selective enforcement occurs when police officers exploit their officer
discretion. Example, a PNP member who releases a suspect due to what is commonly known as
“areglo” or “balato” is in clear abuse of his or her discretion and authority. On the reverse side, a
police officer who arrests a person simply because the latter “annoys” him is likewise guilty of
selective enforcement.

7. Internal Pay-offs. Sale of work assignments, day-offs, holidays, vacation periods, and even
promotions.

THE SENSITIVE ISSUE OF GRATUITIES

A gratuity is the receipt of free meal, services or discounts. Nonfederal police usually do not regard
these are forms of corruption. These are considered fringe benefits of the job. Nevertheless, they violate the
Code of Ethics because the involve or financial reward or gain, and they are corruption because of the
officer has been placed in a compromising position where favors can be reasonably expected in te future
when there is an implied favor, it’s called “mooching.” When the officer is quite blatant about demanding
free services, it’s called “chiseling.”
Gratuities often lead to things like kickbacks for referring business to towing companies,
ambulances, or garages. Further up the scale comes pilfering, or stealing company’s supplies for personal
use. At the extreme, opportunistic theft takes place, with police officers skimming items of value that won’t
be missed from crime scene, property rooms, warehouses or any place they have access to. Theft of items
from stores while on patrol is sometimes called “shopping.”

POLICE BRUTALITY AND ABUSE OF AUTHORITY

Brutality has been defined as excessive force, name calling, sarcasm, ridicule and disrespect. Other
commissions have simply used a vague definition as “any violation of due process”. Kania and Mackey’s
(1977) widely – regards definition is “excessive violence, to an extreme degree, which dos not support a
legitimate police function.” When a citizen charges police brutality, they may be referring to a number of
things including:

 profane or busive language

 commands to move or go home
 field stops and searches
 threats of implied violence

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 prodding with a nightstick or approaching with a pistol
 the actual use of physical force.
Only the last one of these (unreasonable and unnecessary actual use of physical force) can be
considered police brutality. This is commonly expressed as “more than excessive force”. Police perjury and
police brutality go hand and hand, as officers who commit brutality will most likely lie on the stand to
prevent the possibility of a lawsuit or departmental charges. The reason why an officer might engage in this
kind of conduct are many:
1. a small percentage may have been attracted to police work for the opportunity to enjoy physically
abusing and hurting somebody
2. an officer may come to believe “it’s a jungle out there”
3. an officer may be provoked and pushed beyond their endurance
The most common reason is occupational socialization and peer support. One common belief is that
it’s necessary to come down hard on those who resist arrest because they may kill the next police officer
who tries to arrest them. Another practice is the “screen test”, police jargon for applying the brakes on a
police vehicle to that the handcuffed prisoner in back will be thrown against the metal protective screen.

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Module 15: Police Community Relation

Sub – Topic: Community Policing

COMMUNITY POLICING
Community policing is a philosophy that promotes organizational strategies, which support the
systematic use of partnerships and problem - solving techniques, to proactively address the immediate
conditions that give rise to public safety issues such as crime, social disorder, and fear of crime.

Components of Community Policing

1. Community Partnership. Collaborative partnerships between and among other law enforcement
agencies and the individuals and organizations they serve to develop solutions to problems and
increase trust in the police as follows:
a. Other Government Agencies;
b. Community Members / Groups;
c. Nonprofits / Service Providers;
d. Private Business; and
e. Media.
2. Organizational Transformation. The alignment of organizational management, structure,
personnel, and information system to support community partnerships and proactive problem –
solving.
3. Problem – Solving. The process of engaging in the proactive and systematic examination of
identified problems to develop and rigorously evaluate effective responses.

Steps to Influence Individuals to join PNP Programs

1. Forging Relationship. Establishing, relations, either personal or professional, is a key factor that
establishes credibility and confidence so that the information intended to be conveyed to the other
party can be trusted and relied upon.
2. Use of Information. Public information is a vital tool to raise awareness and knowledge that creates
an impression over certain facts. When various information become substantial to form a brief that a
thing is probably true or an event is certain to happen, then the credibility of the source and the
reliability and accuracy of the information becomes a powerful tool to influence shaping the
perception.
3. Shaping Perception and Influencing their Thoughts. When the use of information is properly
done, then the educative and illuminative process of injecting information to the consciousness of the
receiver becomes the dominant and the controlling factor that affects the decision – making process
of the receiver of the information.
4. Community Organization and Mobilization. The visible indicators that community perceptions
have been shaped in favor of law enforcement action are the reduced resistance non – resistance of
the members of the community towards any forms of policing actions. This makes them willing to be
organized and form groups for the welfare of the community and harmony of its interaction. The
willingness to participate in policing action is necessarily construed to mean Public Support. In
community policing, however, more public cooperation would be sufficient for the police as this
would mean working in a non- hostile environment.

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Activities in Community Policing

Community policing is a system that links and bonds the police to the community and create a
stronger and cohesive community interaction. Exchanges of information are fast due to established Police
Community Relation. Everyone knows one another, talks to and trust each other, and confident that their
police can be relied upon for keeping the peace and making the community safer. Policing that community
can be done through three (3) types of activities: patrol activities, organizational work, and community
interaction.
1. Patrol Activities. These activities are conducted so that police and its auxiliaries can be seen and felt
by the community. This can be accomplished with patrolling combined with other patrol related
activities such as traffic directions and control, fixed and mobile checkpoints, standing and watch
duties, and beat patrol duties.
2. Organizational Work. Community policing cannot be undertaken solely by the police. It will need
the help of various sectors in the community. The following organizations are material in the un keep
of peace and order and public safety activities:
 Barangay Peacekeeping Action Teams (BPAT)
 Anti – Drug Councils and Movements
 Council of Elders
 Radio and Social Networking Clubs
 Fire and Disaster Brigades
 Livelihood Cooperatives
 Sports Club
 Skills Development Club
3. Community Interaction. It is an indispensable tool in the police closer to the people. This requires
the police to be visible in the community and make its presence physically felt.

Two Types of Community Interaction

1. Area Visit. The community or area visit is conducted for several specific purposes and is designed to
attain the following objectives using an 8-man team composition.
 Police visibility to neutralize or drive out a larger group of insurgents or criminal gangs in the
community
 Conduct peripheral visit and forge relationships with the people in the area by conducting
interpersonal dialogue, establish rapport and offer friendship.
 Educate the people in the community about the recent news that may capture their interest an
important law that affect their lives.
2. House Visit. It is an interpersonal interaction that brings the police closer to the communities,
connects the police with the public, inform the community with the various matters that affect their
lives. This starts from issues involving peace and order laws that affect their daily activities (FAs,
Anti – fencing, Anti – Illegal drug, and human trafficking, etc.), economics, social and cultural
issues, health, social inventions, to as odd as lives or celebrities.

IMPORTANT BASIC PRINCIPLES OF COMMUNITY POLICING

The Basic Principles of Community Policing is anchored on the Professional Police Principles
advocated by Sir Robert Peel, Founder of the British Police System, and Edward Davies, the Chief of Police
of California.

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1. Prevention of crime is the basic mission of the police. The primary mission of the police is to
prevent crimes and ensure a peaceful and orderly community interaction without the necessity of
resulting in a military intervention to repress crime and severity of legal punishment. The need,
therefore, to enforce laws and ordinances, protect lives and properties and maintain peace and order,
are preconditions that limit the formation of conflict in the environment and therefore ensure public
order and safety. When the police are already in crime deterrence and control function, then it bis
approximating failure to perform its primary mission.
2. Police must be respected by the community. The ability of the police to perform their duties is
dependent upon public approval of public existence, actions, behavior, and the ability of the police to
secure and maintain public respect. Accordingly, no policemen can work in a hostile environment.
3. A citizen’s respect for law develops his respect for the public. The public mus secure the
cooperation of the public in voluntary observance of the law to be able to secure and maintain the
respect and approval of the public. The police must have a conscious and deliberate effort to
influence the community about the need to advise or at the very least, persuade every citizen not to
violate the law or tolerate those who do.
4. Cooperation of the public decreases as the use of force increases. The degree of cooperation of
the public that can be secured diminishes the necessity for the use of physical force and compulsion
in achieving police objectives proportionately.
5. The police must render impartial enforcement of the law. The police seek and preserve public
favor, not by catering to public opinion, but by constantly demonstrating impartial service to the law.
This is done by the ready offering of individual service and friendship to all members of society
without regard to their race or social standing, by the ready exercise of courtesy and friendly good
humor, and by the ready offering of individual sacrifice in protecting and preserving life.
6. Physical force is used only as a last resort. The police should use physical force to the extent
necessary to secure observance of the law or to restore order only when the exercise of persuasion,
advice, and warning is found to be insufficient to achieve police objectives. The police should use
only the minimum degree o physical force which is necessary on any particular occasion for
achieving a police objective.
7. The police are the public, and the public are the police. The police at all times should maintain a
relationship with the public that give reality to the historic tradition that the police are the public and
the public are the police. The police are the only members of the public who are paid to give full –
time attention to duties which are incumbent on every citizen in the intent of the community welfare.
8. Police represent the law. The police should always direct their actions strictly towards their
functions and never appear to usurp the powers of the judiciary by averaging individuals or the state,
or authoritatively judging guilt or punishing the guilty.
9. The absence of crime and disorder is the test of police efficiency. The test of the police efficiency
is the absence of crime and disorder, not the visible evidence of police action in dealing with them.

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Module 16: Police Community Relation

Sub – Topic: The PNP Revised Master Plan

THE PNP REVISED PCR MASTER PLAN

The PCR Revised Master Plan shall serve as the National PCR Program Strategy of the PNP. It emphasizes
the capacity building and skills development of the members of the PNP to become catalysts community
organizers and PCR practitioners in support of the PNP Transformation Plan. Principles of Community
Relations Every member of the PNP shall adhere to the following principles of police community relations:

1. Community Support Must be Maintained

a. Every police shall be worthy of the public high trust by doing his job and leaving nothing undone through
carelessness.
b. He shall make himself available and be willing to serve everyone.
2. Community Resentment must be avoided
a. Every policeman shall have in mind the interest of the public.
b. He shall develop friendly relations by his good conduct. c. He shall avoid by any occasion to humiliate,
embarrass, annoy or inconvenience anyone.
3. Community Goodwill must be developed
a. Police should be courteous, fair and quick to assist individuals in the solution of their problems.
4. Community must be Kept Informed
The people should inform the community of the regulations and policies of the police force and the reasons
of their adoption. Topic:

Two Prong Strategy of the Revised PCR Master Plan

1. Internal Target
a. Integrated Transformation Program. The PNP Integrated Transformation Program is the roadmap to
the more responsive transformed PNP. The program presents a comprehensive approach to reform the PNP
with its honest – to – goodness assessment of the existing instructional framework, policies, systems,
structure, and procedures.
b. Capability Building and Advocacy Program. The Capability Building and advocacy Program is
designed to effectively develop the lower commanders and Chiefs of Police as organizing catalyst through
internalization of the Community Oriented Policing System (COPS) philosophy Activities include
developing PCR/COPS skills such as to conduct of Public Information Officer Courses, Effective Writing
Seminars, PCR courses, Basic Information Operation Courses, Radio Reporting, Social Ethics, Photography,
BPAT, Disaster Management training and other PCR related training.
c. Economic Welfare Development Program. These are activities that cater to the needs of the PNP
personnel through cooperative development and livelihood skills seminar, police entrepreneurship and
police productivity projects. Day Care centers are programmed to be established initially in all PROs/NSUs
while PNP Cooperatives are being organized in as many police units as possible.
d. Socio – Cultural, Education, Health, Sports, Environment and other Programs. These are activities
that are cover the set – actualizing need of the PNP personnel to develop a positive behavior towards work.
This portrays the human side of law enforcement. Activities will include school grants, special training,
sports activities, religious and health programs.

2. External Targets

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a. Service Oriented Program.
The PNP is mandated under RA 8551 as a Community and Service Oriented Agency. Activities
include all the services provided by the PNP such as security, maritime, road safety, air safety, health
care, and public safety. The Projects such as the PNP Text 2920, Response to Emergency 117,
Medical and Dental, Tourist Oriented Police, CRAC, WCCD, Police Assistance Center, Disaster
Relief Operations, Environmental Protection, Clean and Green, etc. will be continuously
implemented.
b. Public Community Safety Programs.
These are crime prevention activities that ensure security, community protection and provide public
safety. Activities include church – based protection and family crime prevention programs, house
visitation, production/dissemination/ distribution of Information Education and Communication
(IEC) material and Crime Prevention Tips, BPAT activities, forging of peace agreement, settlement
of disputes and activities to increase awareness on accident prevention,
c. Institutional Development Support Program.
These activities implement the foundation role of networking establishing linkages and interacting.
Coordinating with different government agencies or private institutions in support of national,
economic and political objectives, and also to generate Introduction to Philippine Criminal Justice
System Police Community Relation Page 3 of 5 Professional Conduct and Ethical Standards: by:
Nestor C. Nabe, Ph.D. Police Ethics and Police Community Relations, Third Edition: by. Adelene M.
Florendo support and community participation to PNP programs.
d. Community Information/Education Program.
These are activities designed to disseminate timely and relevant information to the community,
improve image and credibility and provide a psychological environment to support PNP activities on
internal and external targets. It utilizes various forms of media to destroy the will of the criminals to
continue with their anti – social behavior or criminal activities.
e. Economic Welfare Development Program.
These are activities designed to help provide an alternative source of income through livelihood skills
development, cooperative development projects, and other livelihood training in coordination wit
government agencies / institutions. It aims to improve the quality of life of the community and help
poverty alleviations programs of the government.

EVALUATION OF PCR POLICY PLANS

1. Organizational Plan “SAMBAYA”. This organization plan aims to generate community partnerships
and forge a united front for the promotion of peace and order. It is designed to unify and harmonize the
efforts of all PCR units and to encourage broad networking, condition and integration of all related
undertakings within the PNP, LGUs, various sectoral groups and people’s organization.

2. Information Plan “SANTINIG”. This plan sets forth from the concept of operation, operational
guidelines and tasks of all PNP units/ offices for a deliberate, synchronized and concerned effort to inform
the public of the activities, programs and accomplishments of the PNP. It is aimed at regaining the trust,
support and cooperation of the citizenry in contributing to the attainment of the national government’s goal
of a strong republic.

3. LOI 23/09 “BAYANIHAN” (Barangay Peacekeeping Operational). The Philippine National Police
(PNP) recognizes the role of the Barangay Tanods, Bantay Bayan, Civilian Volunteer Organizations,

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Barangay Auxiliaries, Non – Government Organizations, and other People’s Organization that can be utilize
as force multipliers in the fight against criminality, insurgency and terrorism. These organizations are also
able partners in the development of the community.

PCR in Community Oriented Policing System (COPS)

A key ingredient in COPS is Police Community Relations (PCR). With COPS, the PNP makes the
overt efforts to capture the people’s sentiment, trust and confidence. The PNP community oriented policing
efforts have work if it resulted in a dynamic and sustained Community Involvement. This will have concrete
manifestations especially in the organization of neighborhood watch team who aid the police on their efforts.
COPS compose the essentials of sustaining community involvement. These are the commitment,
internalization of philosophy and values, training high visibility, continuous dialogue and interactions with
all partners, openness/ transparency, innovation, evaluation / assessment and action, identification and
documentation of success variables.

4 General Approaches in Police Community Relation Program

1. Extremely Oriented
The programs generally developed by a specialized police community relation and are directed towards
the general public or various enclaves within the society.

2. Youth Oriented
Are programs that developed by the community relations unit of the police department. The majority of
police efforts are directed towards the youth of the community.

3. Service oriented
Basic objective of these programs is focused on the alleviation of social problems. The defining
characteristic of the department’s community relations objective becomes the orientation of their
specialized program.

4. Internally Oriented.
The program is based on the premise that every officer of the organization is police – community
relations officer and attempt to involve all members in promoting good community relations.

THE PCR TEAM The PCR

Team Composition

The PCR Team, which also serves as Beat Patrol Officers, is composed of a two - person field operator,
normally a veteran and a rookie policeman. The main function is to assist the MPS/CPS in conducting
community policing. The PCR team performs the following police activities:

1. Patrol the beat. During patrolling, the team checks alleys, abandoned houses, abnormalities in the
surroundings communicating with people. They can also ask information about anything that may affect
peace and order, stop and frisk anybody suspected of concealing weapons or suspiciously loitering around
the victimize people.
2. Conduct of house visit. The main purpose of house visit is forging a relationship and getting
information about the status of the household (profiling) and its occupants, their problem in the community
and find out how the police can assist them.

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3. Organize and Mobilize people. Every area and house visits conducted by PCR team should have a
distinctive purpose connected to organizational works intended for community mobilization and interaction.
The organizational works conducted by PCR team are all part of community policing.

The Attributes of a PCR Man

The PCR man is the role model in the community. The community looks upon him with respect,
learns from him how to respect the laws, and cooperated with him because what he is doing is for the good
of the community.

He is the father of all the kids. The PCR operator should show Concern for the kids he meets in the street
as every father does. He asks the kids how well they are, how they fared in school, guide them not to cut
classes, study their lessons, be courteous, to elderly and their teachers, offers assistance to intervene when
abused by their parents or siblings. In short, when the kids can’t find somebody to ally with him, it is not the
peers or the distractive gangs in the street that the kids should seek support. The police should intervene in
this dysfunction before a child seeks somebody else for support.

He is a friend to the working adults. The police in the neighborhood is a dependable ally of the working
sector of the community who leaves their homes unattended and at the mercy of burglars and brigands.

He is the loving son of the elderly. He is a policeman in the neighborhood who visits the elderly who
normally need some attention. He visits the sick elderly and those living alone and sees that the appropriate
agencies in the government like the DSWD are attending to their needs. He takes conscious efforts to bring
food when needed during the visit or take time to bring the visited elderly for a medical check – up to a
government hospital, run errand to call the attention of the nearest kin, or takes the elderly for a joy ride or
walk in a public park.

THE POWER OF GOOD GROOMING AND DRESSING

Good grooming means being neat and being properly dressed. As a public servant, being well –
groomed helps build self - confidence, and earns awesome respect and high regard from the people. It makes
one feel proud of himself knowing that others appreciate his ways and appearance.

1. Proper wearing of uniform and grooming. Most people can identify a police officer by the official police
uniform. Mired and stuck on a busy street and in need of help, the mere sight of the police officer in a
distinctive uniform is a sigh of relief for most citizen. Most, if not all, drivers willingly submit and obey to
the hand directions of a police officer in proper uniform. Criminals usually curb their unlawful behavior
when they spot a uniformed police officer in the area. A police officer wearing a snappy uniform while
performing his/her duty commands awesome respect and obedience from the citizens.

2. Attitude of Police Officers while using Public Transport. For practical and safety reasons, police officers
are encouraged to wear civilian attire while riding public transport. This will also dispel a bad impression or
notion that the Police Officer is riding for free (Badge or Tsapa system).
Off – duty Attire. There is no defined dress code for the police officer while off – duty, but it is most
encouraged him/her to wear clothes or attire appropriately as directed by the occasion. Every police officer
shall bear in mind that “The clothes make the man.”
Office Dress Code. All PNP personnel shall wear the prescribe uniform while on duty as required by the
situation.

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Module 17: Police Community Relation

Sub – Topic: Public Information
PUBLIC INFORMATION
One of the main components of Police Community Relation is Public Information (PI). Public
information covers information that pertains to documents, memoranda and informative materials for public
information. It can also be in the form of multi – media: print, TV, radio, web (internet). Further, it is related
to any activity in all field of work of the organization
Every law enforcement officer must, therefore, be equipped with knowledge and information to
effectively respond to the challenges of the fast information and communication technology. Effective
communication is, therefore, a skill necessary for every PNP personnel to attain the organization’s overall
vision.

Public Information and Perception Management

The term public Information refers to information collected and held by various – levels of the of
the government that are available in public inspection by its nature, or at the request of individuals. In the
context of the police operation and community relations, public information is used largely to educate the
public and clarify issues that may provide vague meaning, and partly to help enlighten the public about
police work. In most instances, it is this information that generates perception that may or may not result in
good public cooperation and support. It is in this regard that various organizations conceptualized a
management tool to sway public perception towards the organization.
On the other hand, perception Management is simply defined as the use of a strategy that is aimed
at guiding or influencing the motives, emotions, and conclusions of the public using different approaches
favorable to the originator’s objectives.

Sources of Public Information

1. Face – to – face interaction. This involves the conduct of the following lectures, seminars,
symposium, pulong – pulong and others.
2. Multi – media. The various media available to the police must be utilized to disseminate information
both to the public and the public themselves. This includes print, broadcast, and internet.

Multi – Media Relations

The PNP Media Relations activity is constant with the policy of rational transparency in all police
activities, and of upholding the rights of the people to be informed on matters of public interest. It seeks to
establish specific guidelines on how every member of the Philippine National Police (PNP) should deal with
members of the media especially in releasing public information.
This also aims to re – orient and further motivate every PNP personnel to be mindful of the
importance of a good working relationship with the media as vital component of the organization’s over –
all Police Community Relations Program, but with full awareness of the limits of disclosure of information.

RELEASING INFORMATION TO THE MEDIA

1. INTELLEGENCE Information. While is the policy of the PNP to cooperate fully with the media,
it may keep from the press those regarded as active or classified such as criminal information of
intelligence value.
2. Non – Investigative Information. Information of the general nature. The PNP allows the release of
which is not specific to an on – going investigation.

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3. Investigative Information. Information that my be release in connection with an investigation of an
event or crime includes:
 The type of nature of an event or crime;
 The location, date and time injuries sustained, damages, and the general description of how the
incident occurred;
 Type and quantity of property taken;
 The identity and approximate address of a victim except for sex crime victims, and in other cases
reprisals or intimidation may be employed.
 Request for aid in locating evidence, a complainant or a suspect;
 Numbers of officers or people involved in an event or investigation, and the length of the
investigation; and
 Name of the investigators – or case, his superior and division or unit assignment.
On the other hand, information that may not be released in connection with an investigation of an
event or crime, unless authorized include:
 The identity of the suspect before arrest unless such information would aid in apprehending
the suspect or serve to warn the public of potential danger;
 The identity of the victim of a sex crime or any related information which, if divulged, could
lead to the victim’s identity;
 The identity of the victims or witnesses if such disclosure would prejudice an investigation to
any significant degree or if it would place the victim in personal danger;
 The identity of any juvenile who is a suspect or defendant in a case subject to the jurisdiction
of the juvenile court;
 The identity of any critically injured or deceased person before notification of next of kin;
 The results of any investigative procedure such as lineups, polygraph tests, fingerprint
comparison, ballistics test or other procedures;
 The information which, if prematurely released, may interfere with the investigation or
apprehension such as the nature of leads, specifics of a Modus Operandi, details of the crime
known only to the perpetrator and the police, or information that may cause the suspect to
flee or more effectively avoid comprehension;
 Information that may be of evidentiary value in criminal proceedings;
 The specific cause of death unless officially determined by the medical examiner; and
 Any information leading to a home address and telephone number.
DEALING WITH BAD NEWS
Principles in dealing with bad news for senior officials
1. Accept without rancor (or false hope of changing) the adversarial relationship which exists between
the press and law enforcement agencies.
2. Institutionalize that acceptance by not permitting overreaction to bad news.
3. Protect the credibility of the PIO or unit’s / department’s spokesperson (and through them the
organization) by alerting them to the bad news before it appears in the press.
4. Allow the PIO spokesperson the latitude to limit the badness of the news.
5. Specifically, Authorize the PIO to reveal the bad news, along with the good.
6. Adopt a defensive attitude by responding to queries only, or, worse yet, simply ignoring a problem
and hoping it will go away is a leadership failure. It usually doesn’t go away.
7. Bad news doesn’t smell better the older it gets.

COMMUBITY AFFAIRS DIVISION

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Another major component of Police Community Relation is the Community Affairs Division. Its
function is to organize the different community sectors in forging a united front against crime, terrorism,
insurgency and other forms of lawlessness, mobilize communities in ensuring public safety and create an
environment conducive to safer and harmonious interactions.

Functional Sections of the Community Affairs Division

1. Community Organizing. A process by which people are brought together to act in common self –
interest with the end goal of building a changed community by empowering its community members
with the knowledge and skills.
2. Mobilization. Training and mobilization of the chosen core group should immediately be done to
enhance their capabilities and skills in handling not only the problems of the people but of resisting
the odds as well.
3. Community Intervention. It is generally a combination of efforts of the Community Organizers and
some local individuals resulting from continuous communication and evaluation process to prevent
dysfunctions and promote well – being among the residents.
4. Community Safety and Security Assistance. It refers to the measures / actions to be undertaken to
ensure the safety and security of the residents in a certain locality. It is a collaboration effort among
individuals aiming to make their daily lives and social choices without feeling unsafe or fear of
becoming a victim of crime. It also involves community leaders and various agencies working
together to address persistent crime problems and disorder affecting people in the area.

INFORMATION OPERATION RESEARCH CENTER

The Information Operation (IO) as part of the Police Community Relation of the PNP is relatively
new. While some aspects of it had been practiced and continued to be practiced by some units and police
managers, it has not been truly formalized as a comprehensive tool to further police operations. However,
recent experiences in the Philippine setting (to include BALIKATAN) had sown the importance of IO to
success of field operations including law enforcement. There is a need, therefore, to awaken more awareness
to use IO as a tool in police operations. This is to say that each police must imbibe the attitude, skills, and
knowledge to pursue an IOI effort.

Fundamental in Information Operation

Information Operation encompasses attacking command and control systems of any anti –
government organizations or groups while protecting friendly command and control system from any
adverse disruption whether criminal or subversive. Effective responses will combine the effects of offensive
and defensive IO to produce information superiority at crucial points of either police or political
confrontation under the current situation of global terrorism and neo subversive strategy and tactics in which
the enemies of the State have become adept at exploiting institutional and modern government methods.

Information Defined
This is defined as a body of data acquired from sources and processed into a useful form. For this
purpose, information is considered as a material which can be deployed and employed to ensure the success
of operations or the accomplishment of a mission.

Information Operation Defined

Information Operation employs the core capabilities of electronic warfare, computer network
operations, psychological operations, military operations, security operations, and in concert with specified
supporting and related capabilities, to affect or defend information systems that strategically influence the

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decision making the of the higher offices.
Forms of Information Operation
1. Offensive IO. To destroy, degrade, disrupt, deny, deceive, exploit and influence adversary decision –
makers who can affect the success of the friendly operations. It is the integrated use of the assigned
and supporting capabilities and activities, mutually supported by intelligence, to affect enemy
decision – makers or to influence others to promote specific objectives.
2. Defensive IO. to protect and defend friendly information command and control. Effective IO
requires integrating information related activities such as public affairs and CMO.

BARANGAY PEACEKEEPING PCR OPERATION

Barangay Peacekeeping Action Team (BPAT). Desks shall be established in the City and
Municipal Police Stations or the Police Community Precincts in the urban centers. The present Police
Community Relations Office (PCR) shall allocate a BPAT Office where the organization regularly holds
meeting. Consequently, the PCR Officers becomes the BPAT Officer. Traditional PCR functions and the
Beat Patrol System will be implemented by the BPAT Officers. Inherent to their functions as BPAT
member(s) is obliged to bring the parties before the Barangay Peacekeeping Desk (BPD) within their
locality and address the issues in such a manner that will bring harmony to all party concerned. It is
necessary, the presence of any elected Barangay officials and police supervisor is required.
The mission of the BPAT is to conduct peacekeeping activities in association with the various
sectors of the community and ensure their continuous support towards the maintenance of peace and order
and safety.

PCR’S APPROACH IN INTERNAL SECURITY OPERATIONS

The problem on internal security has continued to persist which has resulted in serious socio –
economic consequences. In its efforts to curb insurgency, the government outlined an approach to solve the
problem where the AFP, PNP and other government instrumentalities have currently cued with the “all of
government approach” and designed its strategy towards winning the peace. The PNP now rides with the
thrust through its PNP ISO Plan Samahan 2011 and put a new vigor in addressing the three – decade – long
insurgency problem.
The PCR approach aims to soften the ground as PNP march forward to advance the level of security
and safety of every Filipino people into another dimension, and – smoothen rough edges when the stronger
arm of the law created some imperfections in shaping the environment towards safer communities.
As such, the PCR phased the operations through the INFLUENCE – ORGANIZE – MOBILIZE –
SECURE (IOMS) concept as an antidote to the CPP/NPA/NDF’s (CNN) method of winning the countryside
with their INFORM – AGITATE – MOBILIZE (IAM) technique. The IOMS concept is simply a war of
information with a battle cry “winning the communities” as follows:
INFLUENCE. Influencing involves persuading people to actively participate in the shared
responsibility to do it.
ORGANIZE. Organizing people in the community is an indispensable tool as it will create a sense
of participation, involvement, and belongingness in carrying out police anti – crime activities. Thus, the
following organizational work is desired for the following; school – based organizations, out – of – school –
youth organizations and community – based organizations.
MOBILIZE. Community interventions that target risk factors and introduce protective factors to
prevent anti – social behavior.

SECURING COMMUNITIES

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1. Area Visit. A form of patrol to be conducted by RPSB / PPSC’s alone or jointly with a two – person
team from the concern police station. Its purpose is not only to ensure the protection of the barangay
and the household visited but also to check on the following as provided in the following campaign
plans:
Presence of the anti – government movement’s armed component (Campaign Plan Sanduco)
Presence of Organize Gangs (Campaign Plan Sandigan)
Indicators of clandestine laboratory (Sangbanan)
Indictors of flood and erosion potentials (Saklolo)
Illegal logging and poaching of wild animals (Sangyaman)
Presence of threat groups and PAG’s (Sang – Ingat)
2. House Visits. House visit for the conduct of interpersonal interaction is an effective tool of forging a
relationship with the communities, connect with them and inform them with various matters that
affect their lives.
3. Community Profiling. Knowing every bit of information about the community makes the job of the
police in community policing easier. It involves the following:
3.1. Community mapping. The road network and access to a community and between
communities should be profiled in standard format with names of street, roads, drives, avenues,
and highways indicated and with important access between households such as alleys, walkways,
catwalks, bridges, and trails.
3.2. Household Profiling. The house profiling shall
be undertaken by PCR operators during house visits which involve getting the identities, age
profiles, job profile, religious profile, educational profile and economic profile of the occupants.

Module 18-FINAL EXAMINATION

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Reference:
Napolcom,gov.ph
Bestlink Colleges Notes
Annotated Notes Cast Review Center
Integrated National Police, Rules and Regulations, 1975
Philippine National Police, Code of Professional Conduct and Ethical Standards . March 22,1992
Republic Act 3019 as Amended. Anti Graft and Corrupt Practices Act
Republic Act 6713. Code of Conduct and Ethical Standards of Public Officials and Employees
Republic Act 7160. Local Government Code 1991
Dr. Zethsayo C. Par, LIB,CSP Notes on Values and Ethics, Philippine College of Criminology

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