NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY ROURKELA – 769 008

Department of Electronics & Communications Engineering

8th Semester B.Tech(EC)/2nd Semester M.Tech (MWR)/Ph.D.
Mid Semester (spring) Examination 2022

Subject: Antenna Analysis and Synthesis Subject Code: EC-6402

Maximum marks: 30 Time: 2 hours
This question paper contains two pages.
Instructions: Answer all questions. Figures in the right hand margin indicate marks. All parts of a question
must be answered in one place.
Q1. 1.5×4
(i) Explain co-polar and cross-polar radiation patterns.
(ii) Describe different field regions of antenna using a suitable diagram.
(iii) Discuss antenna efficiency considering all the losses.
(iv) Derive Friis Transmission equation with a suitable diagram.

Q2. 𝝀
Derive the following parameters for a wire antenna with length, 𝒍 ≤
(i) 𝟐 4
(a) Radiation resistance
(b) Radiation pattern
(c) Effective area
(d) Effective height

For an antenna with a maximum linear dimension of D, find the inner and outer boundaries
(ii) of the Fresnel region so that the maximum phase error does not exceed 2
𝜋
(a) 16 rad
(b) 150

Q3.
(i) A centre-fed electric dipole of length l is attached to a balanced lossless transmission line 3
whose characteristic impedance is 50 Ω. Assuming the dipole is resonant at the given
length, find the input VSWR when
𝝀
(a) 𝒍 = 𝟐
𝟑𝝀
(b) 𝒍 = 𝟒

(ii) A resonant centre-fed dipole is connected to a 50Ω line. It is desired to maintain the input 3
VSWR = 2.
(a) What should the largest input resistance of the dipole be to maintain the VSWR = 2?
(b) What should the length (in wavelengths) of the dipole be to meet the specification?

Q4.
(i) A half-wave dipole is radiating into free space. The coordinate system is defined so that the 3
origin is at the centre of the dipole and the z-axis is aligned with the dipole. Input power to
the dipole is 100 W. Assuming an overall efficiency of 50%, find the power density (in
W/m2) at 𝒓 = 𝟓𝟎𝟎 𝒎, 𝜽 = 𝟔𝟎𝟎 , 𝝋 = 𝟎𝟎 .

Find the radiation efficiency (in percent) of an 8-turn circular loop antenna operating at 30 3
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(ii) MHz. The radius of each turn is a = 15 cm, the radius of the wire is b = 1 mm, and the
spacing between turns is 2c = 3.6 mm. Assume the wire is copper (σ = 5.7 × 107 S/m), and
the antenna is radiating into space. Account for the proximity effect.[ Rp/R0 = 0.5]

Q5. Design a five-turn helical antenna which at 400 MHz operates in the normal mode. The
(i) spacing between turns is λ/50. It is desired that the antenna possesses circular polarization. 3
Determine the
(a) circumference of the helix (in λ and in meters)
(b) length of a single turn (in λ and in meters)
(c) overall length of the entire helix (in λ and in meters)
(d) pitch angle (in degrees)

Design an end-fire right-hand circular polarized helix having a half-power beam-width of 3

450, pitch angle of 130, and a circumference of 60 cm at a frequency of 500 MHz.
(ii) Determine the
(a) turns needed
(b) directivity (in dB)
(c) axial ratio

Useful Data:

C=0.5772, Ci(π/2)=0.47,Si(π)=1.85, Si(π/2)=1.3698, Ci(π)=0.059, Ci(2π)= -0.0227, Si(3π)=

1.674, Si(3π/2) = 1.611, Ci(3π/2)= -0.19839; μ0= 4π×10-7H/m; ε0 =8.854×10-12F/m.

All the Best!

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