ENGINEERING

CHALLENGE IN
GLOBALIZATION
CHAPTER 2
 DEFINITION :
Industry 4.0 refers to a new phase in the
Industrial Revolution that focuses heavily
o n i n t e r c o n n e c t i v i t y, a u t o m a t i o n , m a c h i n e
learning, and real-time data. Industry 4.0,

IR4.0
also sometimes referred to as IIoT or smart
manufacturing, marries physical production
and operations with smart digital
t e c h n o l o g y, m a c h i n e l e a r n i n g , a n d b i g d a t a
to create a more holistic and better
connected ecosystem for companies that
focus on manufacturing and supply chain
management. While every company and
organization operating today is different,
they all face a common challenge—the need
for connectedness and access to real-time
insights across processes, partners,
products, and people.
 Evolution of Industry from 1.0 to 4.0

The First Industrial Revolution

The first industrial revolution happened between
the late 1700s and early 1800s. During this period
of time, manufacturing evolved from focusing on
manual labor performed by people and aided by
work animals to a more optimized form of labor
performed by people through the use of water and
steam-powered engines and other types of
machine tools.

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 The Second Industrial Revolution
In the early part of the 20th century, the world entered a
second industrial revolution with the introduction of steel
and use of electricity in factories. The introduction of
electricity enabled manufacturers to increase efficiency
and helped make factory machinery more mobile. It was
during this phase that mass production concepts like the
assembly line were introduced as a way to boost
productivity.

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 The Third Industrial Revolution
Starting in the late 1950s, a third industrial revolution
slowly began to emerge, as manufacturers began
incorporating more electronic—and eventually
computer—technology into their factories. During this
period, manufacturers began experiencing a shift that put
less emphasis on analog and mechanical technology and
more on digital technology and automation software.

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 The Fourth Industrial Revolution, or Industry 4.0
In the past few decades, a fourth industrial revolution has
emerged, known as Industry 4.0. Industry 4.0 takes the
emphasis on digital technology from recent decades to a
whole new level with the help of interconnectivity through
the Internet of Things (IoT), access to real-time data, and the
introduction of cyber-physical systems. Industry 4.0 offers a
more comprehensive, interlinked, and holistic approach to
manufacturing. It connects physical with digital, and allows for
better collaboration and access across departments, partners,
vendors, product, and people. Industry 4.0 empowers
business owners to better control and understand every
aspect of their operation, and allows them to leverage instant
data to boost productivity, improve processes, and drive
growth..

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The Nine Pillars of Industry 4.0

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1. The Internet of Things

• The Internet of Things refers to the networking and connectivity of smart devices.
When you think of IoT, devices such as smartphones, tablets, and laptops are usually
top of mind. However, also think of wearables, cars, and any machine or device that
allows the transmission of data, even our refrigerators.
• In the world of manufacturing, this technology is often referred to as the Industrial
Internet of Things (IIoT). Manufacturers are attaching sensors to machines and other
physical assets on the plant floor to collect data which influences decisions real time
and leads to increased efficiency and productivity.
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2. Augmented Reality

Augmented reality (AR) displays digital content in the real word through a device, such as a
mobile phone or special eyeglasses. There are a number of different uses for this technology in
the manufacturing industry, such as:
• Safety Training: New hires are often unfamiliar with the protocols, equipment, and procedures
on the plant floor. In order to prevent safety instances, it’s vital to provide inexperienced
personnel with training as soon, and as often, as possible. With the use of AR, they can receive
text overlays and other digital information to help them understand what is happening on the
floor without requiring additional resources or production stops.
• Streamlined Logistics: In fulfillment centers and warehouses, manual checks are required for
most orders and shipments. With AR, this process becomes automated reducing errors, saving
time, money and resources.
• Maintenance: Maintenance crews save time and eliminate guesswork by using AR devices to
provide information about equipment, such as, preventative maintenance schedules, potential
issues, and the service history of the machine.
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3. Simulation

• Simulations leverage real-time data to reflect the physical world of product

development and production processes in a virtual environment. These
models can be used to run more efficient tests so settings and processes
are optimized before production even starts, reducing downtime and
improving quality.

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4. Additive Manufacturing

While manufacturers are looking to expand the use of additive manufacturing

in their processes, technologies like 3D printing are already playing an
important role in three key areas:
• Design: Design teams can experiment with creating more complex
geometric shapes and structures due to the flexibility of 3D printing
technology.
• Prototyping: 3D printing is often used for prototyping, accelerating design
cycles and reducing costs. Companies are free to fail fast in a controlled
environment and explore multiple models before deciding on final designs.
• Low-Volume Production: When only a small amount of a product is
needed, 3D printing is the fastest and most economical production method.

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5. System Integration

• Industry 4.0 is all about improving

connectivity – and not just between
machines. Many manufacturing
information systems are currently not
fully integrated. With improved system
integration, companies can become
more interconnected both externally
and internally. This will result in an
agile manufacturing environment
allowing real time production
corrections and quick pivots.

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6. Cloud Computing

• As the use of technology and data

sharing at manufacturing companies
grows, cloud computing provides
scaleable storage and increased
computing power. The cloud also
improves data accessibility and
integrity, helping to eliminate data
silos.

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7. Autonomous Systems

• While the manufacturing industry has made

great strides when it comes to automation
over the last few years, there is still a lot of
untapped opportunity. Collaborative robots
are designed to fill the gaps between
traditional robots and human workers and
open up new areas for automation. These
robots are designed to work in ways similar
to humans, with the added ability to
monitor and transmit data.

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8. Cybersecurity

As connectivity increases, the risk of a potential cyberattack grows alongside

it. Any security breach could damage multiple areas of the business, from
supply chain to operations. It’s absolutely critical that companies prepare and
protect their information systems and production lines from cyberthreats.

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9. Big Data Analytics

• The common theme among all of these pillars and new

technologies is data collection and analysis. There are massive
amounts of untapped data in the manufacturing industry, and
we are just beginning to scratch the surface.
• Industry 4.0 experts have encouraged manufacturing
companies to invest not only in the technical infrastructure but
also talent. Every company is now a digital company and in
order to not only survive but thrive, the need for people with
advanced data analysis skills is critical. Analysis needs to scale
across all parts of the business from HR, sales, marketing to the
manufacturing floor. Data is disruptive, no one can accurately
forecast where the next “big idea” will emerge and how it will
change our lives. What will push us into the 5th Industrial
Revolution?

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Thank You
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REFERENCES

https://www.epicor.com/en-ae/resource-center/articles/what-is-industry-4-
0/#1Instructions and Feedback
https://www.idashboards.com/blog/2019/07/31/the-pillars-of-industry-4-0/

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