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Topic 7 - Heat Conduction in Reactor Elements - Part 3

This document discusses temperature distributions and thermal resistances in plane walls. It states that for a plane wall with constant conductivity and no internal heat generation, the temperature distribution can be determined by solving the heat equation with boundary conditions. The temperature is linear between the surface temperatures, with the slope equal to the temperature difference divided by the wall thickness. Thermal resistance is defined as the temperature difference divided by the heat flux. Thermal resistances can be combined using equivalent thermal circuits to analyze composite walls.

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el_tebas
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34 views

Topic 7 - Heat Conduction in Reactor Elements - Part 3

This document discusses temperature distributions and thermal resistances in plane walls. It states that for a plane wall with constant conductivity and no internal heat generation, the temperature distribution can be determined by solving the heat equation with boundary conditions. The temperature is linear between the surface temperatures, with the slope equal to the temperature difference divided by the wall thickness. Thermal resistance is defined as the temperature difference divided by the heat flux. Thermal resistances can be combined using equivalent thermal circuits to analyze composite walls.

Uploaded by

el_tebas
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Plane Wall

Temperature Distribution
 The temperature distribution in the wall can be determined by solving
the heat equation with the proper boundary conditions.

d  
d  dT   dT   0
k 0 k dx  
dx  dx   dx 
 For one-dimensional, steady-state conduction in a plane wall with
no heat generation, the heat flux is a constant, independent of x.

 If the thermal conductivity of the wall material is assumed to be


constant, the equation may be integrated twice to obtain the general
solution: dT
d  dT   C1
 0 dx
dx  dx 
T ( x ) C1 x C2
Temperature Distribution
T ( x ) C1 x C2

 To obtain the constants of integration, C1 and C2,


boundary conditions must be introduced.
 Applying the condition at x = 0 to the general
solution, it follows that:
Ts ,1 T ( x  0 )  C1 *0  C 2  Ts ,1 C 2

Similarly, at x = L,
Ts , 2 T ( x  L ) C1 * L  C 2 Ts , 2  C1 * L Ts ,1

in which case; Ts , 2 Ts ,1


C1 * L Ts , 2 Ts ,1 C1 
L

 Substituting into the general solution, the temperature distribution is then:


T ( x )  Ts , 2 Ts ,1
x
L

Ts ,1
Thermal Resistance
 Just as an electrical resistance is associated with the conduction
of electricity, a thermal resistance may be associated with the
conduction of heat.

 Defining resistance as the ratio of a driving potential to the


corresponding transfer rate, the thermal resistance for
conduction in a plane wall is:

 The thermal resistance for convection is then:



Thermal Resistance

For one-dimensional, steady-state conduction in a plane wall with no


heat generation, the heat flux is a constant, independent of x.
Composite Wall

 Equivalent thermal circuits may also be used for more complex


systems, such as composite walls.
 Such walls may involve any number of series and parallel thermal
resistances due to layers of different materials.
 The one-dimensional heat transfer rate for this system may be
expressed as:

 Where (free stream) is the overall temperature


difference, and the summation includes all thermal resistances.
Composite Wall
Composite Wall
Thermal Resistance

 For some cases, it is convenient to express the net radiation heat


exchange in the form:

 Where hr , is the radiation heat transfer coefficient:

 Therefore, thermal resistance for radiation may be defined by:

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