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CHAPTER 2
THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK

2.1 REVIEW OF LITERATED LITERATURE

In this chapter, a number of related literatures and important studies that bear
significance and proximity to the study are found. These helped the researcher to have a
deeper understanding about the study and have an insight to the problem.

2.1.1 RELATED LITERATURE

This chapter discusses the related literature and studies that were done by
researchers prior to this study.

A. RELEVANT BUILDING CODES/LAWS

Significant Philippine building laws and codes essential to the development of the
project proposal were reviewed. Space programming, planning, standard measurements,
utility systems and the like reflected the application of these laws. Likewise, it was a
comprehensible basis of the study towards the production of proper architectural working
drawings as required by the type of project proposal.

 A.1. NATIONAL BUILDING CODE OF THE PHILIPPINES (PD 1096)

The National Building Code of the Philippines served as the main basis for the
majority of the proposed National Cyber Gaming Complex building design process
according to Philippine standards. Design standards and guidelines were found here for
the site, the esports venues, movie theaters, convention centers, esports stadium and more
necessary facilities included in the gaming complex.

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 A.2. ACCESIBILITY LAW (BP 344)

The Accessibility Law was considered to provide and enhance the mobility of
persons with disability inside and outside the facility.

 A.3. NATIONAL PLUMBING CODE OF THE PHILIPPINES (RA 1378)

National Plumbing Code of the Philippines was considered for the plumbing
equipment and tools to ensure safety of potable water, clean water, and sanitary lines.

 A.4. FIRE CODE OF THE PHILIPPINES (PD 1185 / 9514)

According to RA 9514 section 2, Fire Code of the Philippines was considered for
the safety of the occupants and the structure itself in terms of fire related issue.

 A.5. REPUBLIC ACT (NO 6847)

Acording to RA 6847 Section 26 To finance the country’s integrated sports
development program, including the holding of the national games and all other sports
competitions at all levels throughout the country as well as the country’s participation at
international sports competitions, such as, but not limited to, the Olympic, Asian, and
Southeast Asian Games, and all other international competitions, sanctioned by the
International Olympic Committee.

The International Federations, thirty percent (30%) representing the charity fund of
the proceeds of six (6) sweepstakes or lottery draws per annum, taxes on horse races
during special holidays, five percent (5%) of the gross income of the Philippine
Amusement and Gaming Corporation, the proceeds from the sale of stamps as hereinafter
provided, and three percent (3%) of all taxes collected on imported athletic equipment
shall be automatically remitted directly to the Commission and are hereby constituted as
the National Sports Development Fund.

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2.1.2 RELATED PROJECTS

A. CYBER GAMES ARENA (CGA) ESPORTS ARENA

Located at Mongkok, Hongkong

Figure 2.1. Cyber Games Arena Floorplan

Source: https://es.cga.gg/

CGA Esports Arena is a high-end Esports Arena under Cyber Games Arena,
located in Mong Kok, the most prosperous and lively place in Hong Kong. Covering an
area of more than 25,000 square feet, the CGA E-Sports Hall adheres to the concept of
“multiple integration, top-of-the-line equipment”, and combines sports, Internet cafes,
video games, VR, shops, and catering with the highest-standard facilities, bringing
unprecedented harmony to everyone. Try unforgettable, fully covered e-sports venues .

Having gone from teenage video-game fanatic to manager of a multimillion-dollar

e-sports facility in Hong Kong, Ryan Chow hopes to challenge traditional views that
gamers do nothing but waste their time staring at screens. Instead, the 32-year-old believes
e-sports could create a viable career ladder for avid gamers, while turning e-sports into a
lucrative business. This, he said, could create jobs for youngsters and boost the city’s
economy.

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Chow, CEO of e-sports and entertainment firm Cyber Games Arena (CGA) “Our
vision is to connect gamers from all over the world and expand our presence to other
regions in Asia, such as Vietnam and Thailand. We hope to provide impetus and
momentum for the e-sports industry to thrive,” he said. “Through this arena we hope to
showcase to Hongkongers that e-sports can actually churn out a lifelong lucrative career
for young enthusiasts, even though they may not be good at school.”

The HK$30 million multifunctional complex opens amid an increasing push to

turn the city into a regional hub for the industry, with young gamers eyeing opportunities
in the rapidly evolving sector. According to economists, the e-sports industry is expected
to propel the city’s economic growth in the next 10 years, with revenues in the sector
forecast to grow from US$742 million (HK$5.77 billion) in 2016 to US$1 billion by 2021.

Refuting traditional views that e-sports is good for nothing, Chow, who is also
chairman of the E-Sports Association Hong Kong, said that, just like conventional sport,
or business, it requires persistence and professionalism. “E-sports can in fact ease video-
game addiction as it inspires gamers to think seriously what they’re going to do with their
lives with this hobby,” he said. “E-sports can provide a purpose for their pursuit.”

Chow’s venture may serve as a vivid example of elevating video-game indulgence

to a professional level. He started playing video games as a teenager alongside Li and
Wan, and the trio have longed to turn their passion into a business. After graduating from
university, the three set up a digital production company in 2010, for which the main
business was writing for Facebook, mobile apps and webpages.

Later they noticed that e-sports was gaining attention in the city, with some local
players winning international tournaments. They found it was the opportunity to realise
their e-sports passion. In 2012, they decided to take the plunge and put all of their savings,
totalling HK$1.5 million, into starting up CGA, a 1,800 sq ft e-sports studio in Kowloon

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Bay. In 2016 the firm got HK$5 million in investment, and expanded to places such as
Taiwan. Last year, with more than 40,000 members, the company got a HK$50 million
investment from Timeless Software to develop an e-sports business in Hong Kong.

The two-floor building offering training facilities, a competition arena for a

maximum of 80 gamers, television broadcasts, online streaming platforms and a retail area
is expected to attract 1.2 million visitors and hold more than 100 local and overseas e-
sports competitions annually. According to a City University study in 2017, there were
more than 300,000 players in the city, nearly 90 per cent of them aged between 13 and 21.

Figure 2.2 Esports Battle Array

Source: https://es.cga.gg/

E-Sports Battle Array will be a stage for you to show off your skills. There will be
different events every week to achieve legends. The computers in the "E-sports Fighting
Array" are equipped with the highest-end display cards and 144hz monitors, which are
sufficient for all e-sports game competitions; and among them, they are equipped with
selected packages from various top-level e-sports brands.

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Figure 2.3 Double Card Slot Gaming Area

Source: https://es.cga.gg/

In addition to e-sports games, there is an entertainment area in the venue, allowing

you to relax and enjoy other entertainment besides e-sports games, such as film and
television, casual games, social platforms, etc.

Figure 2.4 Entertainment Zone Area

Source: https://es.cga.gg/

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Figure 2.5 Team Training Room

Source: https://es.cga.gg/

It might be a kid’s dream come true to play videogames all day long, but it’s no
easy task to achieve it regularly. It can be exhausting, especially if you have to maintain a
high performance all the time. Teams usually practice together for 8 hours a day, including
weekends. So roughly they train 50 hours a week, this is just group practice. Many
continue training on their own after that (or wake up earlier).

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Figure 2.6 Live Room

Source: https://es.cga.gg/

Creating the best in engaging and impactful content for the

largest fanbase in esports does not happen without state-of-the-art technology. The
Complex provides elite content creators and brand partners the rare opportunity to create
new, innovative content for the esports and gaming audience. The CGA features a space
for some of the biggest influencers in global gaming and to stream.

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Figure 2.7 Women’s Area

Source: https://es.cga.gg/

Women don't let the eyebrows and eyebrows are also applicable to the e-sports
stadium! Equipped with top e-sports equipment and a full set of pink e-sports equipment:
tables, e-sports chairs, monitors, mouse keyboard headsets are all pink cat themes! It's also
useful for viewing, so let's play the game after playing cards.

Figure 2.8 Independent VIP Room

Source: https://es.cga.gg/

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Figure 2.9 Stage

Source: https://es.cga.gg/

Comparable to international-level e-sports venues, there are a number of e-sports

equipment meeting international standards, including multiple large-scale high-resolution
LED screens and other technological equipment. To the most advanced computer and
operating equipment supporting e-sports equipment.

The stage environment is also equipped with different peripheral equipment such
as mobile auditoriums and tall tables to support multiplayer events and events. The
supporting facilities can be changed according to different types of activities.

In addition to the top-level computer equipment, the venue also has a home game
console and a special area for mobile games, so that all different types of e-sports game
lovers can also enjoy comfort in the top e-sports arena.

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B. BATTLE ARENA
Located at Selangor, Malaysia

Figure 2.10 Battle Arena Main Entrance

Source: Battle-Arena

Battle Arena is Southeast Asia’s biggest esports club, boasting an area of 17,000
square feet of high-end gaming environment that can hold up to 400 people. Equipped
with 110 PCs with the highest-level specifications currently available in the market,
customers who walk through our doors can experience an ultimate lag-free, highest
resolution gameplay.

The sprawling complex comes with some of the best gaming equipment and
facilities that money can buy. Vulcan Post reported that there are no less than 114 high-
gaming PCs, dedicated booths for video game streamers, and VIP rooms for professional
teams to train.

But expensive PCs and fancy gaming pods are a dime a dozen at most gaming
centres these days. To stand out from the rest of the pack, Battle Arena has a futuristic
centre stage that transforms into a battle arena during competitions.

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Figure 2.11 Battle Arena Battle Rooms

Source: Battle-Arena

Over at Battle Arena, there are over 114 PCs with quite a bit of firepower packed
inside.  All of the PCs are said to be running at least on a GTX 1060 6GB along with
powerful CPUs and a decent amount of RAM. They have private rooms, large rooms
equipped with sofas and large TVs, and even single-user streamers’ pods fully equipped
with everything you need to stream games on Twitch, YouTube, and Facebook.

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Figure 2.12 Cyber Games Arena Main Stage

Source: Battle-Arena

Battle Arena aim to come up with new ways to change the way people view
eSports, bring about more publicity and awareness about eSports and the fact that playing
computer games can be a legit career path, and that gaming talent can make big money out
of gaming. We also want to set the stage by using our premise to host gaming events and
change the way people see eSports. This is the future of esports.

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Figure 2.13 Cyber Games Arena Training Area

Figure 2.14 Cyber Games Arena Open Battlegrounds

Figure 2.15 Cyber Games Arena Premium Pods

Figure 2.16 Cyber Games Arena Premium Pods

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Source: Battle-Arena
Figure 2.17 Cyber Games Arena Streaming Room

Figure 2.18 Cyber Games Arena Viewing Area / Event Space

Figure 2.19 Cyber Games Arena Cozy Area

Source: Battle-Arena

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C. ‘OH MY GOD’ (OMG) ESPORTS TRAINING FACILITY

Located in Shanghai, China

Figure 2.20 Exterior of OMG Esports Facility

Source :Guteng Designer Studio

OMG Esports Training Facility is located in Shanghai, it was designed by the

GuTeng studio. It measures 2,000 square meters, and has been imagined as a true three-
storey spaceship in a science-fiction style. The official project page shows the ground
floor is dedicated to the administration and management of the structure. 

The first floor mainly hosts the Overwatch and King Pro League teams, while the
second floor is dedicated to League of Legends. The studio also claims to have been
inspired by Gavin Hood’s The Strategy Ender movie, released in 2013. Formed in 2012,
OMG started its esports division by recruiting a Chinese League of Legends team. In the
six years since, it has had great success, a staple in the Chinese Pro League, and managed
a top 4 at Worlds 2014.

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Figure 2.21 Inside the sci-fi gaming lab

Figure 2.22 Inside the sci-fi gaming lab

Source :Guteng Designer Studio

A steel staircase takes you from the ground floor administrative space to the PUBG
and League of Legends (LOL) gaming zones above, where the team puts in their hours of
hard work. A steel staircase takes you from the ground floor administrative space to the
PUBG and League of Legends (LOL) gaming zones above, where the team puts in their
hours of hard work. The name stands for Oh My God and the players chosen to wear the
team colours have to be world-class.

Futuristic designs are inspired by the imagination. It’s almost as if we extend the
design to its surroundings and wonder what else could be possible. It could be any area,
just not about the technology or manufacturing advancement. futuristic designs arei
nspired by the imagination. It’s almost as if we extend the design to its surroundings and
wonder what else could be possible. It could be any area, just not about the technology or
manufacturing advancement.

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D. GAMESTOP PERFORMANCE CENTER

Located in Shanghai, China

Figure 2.23 Exterior of Gamestop Performance Center

Source :Guteng GameStop

Veteran North American esports organization Complexity Gaming has deemed its

facility “the most advanced esports facility in the country”. To fully prepare their players
for offline tournaments, the GameStop Performance Center (GSPC) has individual climate
controls, crowd noise simulation, and even lighting that can make players feel the pressure
of an actual esports stage while doing scrims.

The GSPC also believes in strengthening player’s cognitive responses, which is why they
have a Cognition Lab dedicated to it. Even if there’s an electricity outage, gaming will
never stop as the whole facility is backed up by its own generator, which can provide
power for up to two hours.

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Figure 2.24 Public Space

Source :Guteng GameStop

The GameStop Performance Center is in the heart of Frisco, TX at The Star. The
space is expertly designed to be the premier facility for the next evolution of esports. It’s
also designed to play a key role within the larger community of Dallas-Fort Worth. Open
to the public, the GSPC serves as a source of entertainment for everyone. Families, kids,
teens and adults everyone is welcome to sit back, enjoy live streams and events on the 18-
foot video wall.

These spectating isn’t enough, the GSPC has you covered regardless. Whether you
like to play on a computer, console or a mobile device, everything can be arranged. Join a
game of Fortnite at the 5v5 table, load up Clash and compete for trophies at the Mobile
Bar or browse the available collection of team and partner merchandise. No matter your
gaming flavor, the space is designed for anyone to have a great time with family and
friends.

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Figure 2.25 Training Rooms

Source :Guteng GameStop

The GameStop Performance Center opens different avenues for the modern
professional esports athlete to train, relax and perform, but the tried and true methods are
still essential to the success of a team. That’s why the facility features two state-of-the-art
practice rooms with top-notch MSI hardware and customization assets for the players to
be well prepared for all potential challenges.

The Training Rooms can be filled with crowd noise and music to simulate a loud arena,
they can be adjusted with changes in lighting to emulate the stage atmosphere and they are
individually climate-controlled to prepare for even the harshest circumstances players may
face on the road.

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Figure 2.26 Replay Rooms

Source :Guteng GameStop

Training matches and public games can only get you so far - to make the big step
from a contender to a World Championship team or player, you need next level equipment
and a state-of-the-art facility. The Replay Room within the GameStop Performance Center
gives players and coaches a unique chance to highlight big plays and blunders instantly.

A giant 98” touch screen and innovative software lets the players gain a crucial
advantage in improving their craft. And at the GSPC, class is always in session. According
to Major League Baseball's operations manual, the replay room is a non-restricted area,
given the Tier 3 individuals who will be inside working.

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Figure 2.27 Player Lounge

Source :Guteng GameStop

Player Lounge is the center-piece of the back-of-house portion of the facility. In a

relaxed environment, players and staff can enjoy a warm or cold beverage, share a meal
together, watch live esports events on a 110" screen. The heart of the GameStop
Performance Center where our staff and players become more than colleagues.

Players Lounge is a home for gamers looking to make friendly wagers with
strangers and friends in head-to-head matches. When we first covered the startup back in
2015, the team was getting people together at bars in New York for one-off FIFA
tournaments on slow nights.

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Figure 2.28 Streaming Studio

Source :Guteng GameStop

When you swing by the Public Area, you might be treated to a familiar face not
just on the big screen, but also in the room right next to you, where one of Complexity’s
players or streamers will be streaming live from the GSPC. During events, it will also
feature live broadcasting, bringing the ability to not just host community events in the
facility, but also the highest level of professional broadcasting and production equipment
as well.

Live streaming is when the streamed video is sent over the Internet in real time,
without first being recorded and stored. Today, TV broadcasts, video game streams, and
social media video can all be live-streamed. In the former, the content is created
beforehand, stored, and then relayed to the audience.

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Figure 2.29 InnovationLab

Source :Guteng GameStop

One of the primary goals for Complexity Gaming with the GameStop Performance
Center is to present the next evolution of esports to the next generation. Alongside great
partners like MSI, GameStop and HyperX, the Innovation Lab serves as a testing ground
for innovative products and designs.

Stress-testing innovation with experienced professionals to ensure the quality and

application are ready for high-level esports competition. Innovation labs also known as
hubs, incubators, or accelerators are business units that employ the methods of agile
startups, with the goal of devising novel ideas that can either disrupt or complement the
overall company. Innovation labs function in many different ways.

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Figure 2.30 Decompression Porch

Source :Guteng GameStop

Scrimmages, practice sessions, replay analysis and physical exercise - all of those
activities are mentally and physically draining. Which is why the Decompression Porch
is an essential part of the routine for our players at the GameStop Performance Center.
Whether it’s a relaxing power nap in the Nap Pod, easing tensions in the muscles.

The HyperIce massage therapy or improving the blood is good for circulation for a
more relaxing experience with a full-compression Normatec leg sleeve - the possibilities
to relax in a colorful and warm atmosphere in the GSPC are near endless, helping players
to recharge and be ready for the next challenge ahead.

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E. FUSION ARENA
Located in Philadelphia

Figure 2.31 Exterior of Fusion Arena

Source :Guteng GameStop

The world of esports is evolving right before our eyes. Once operating in the
margins of mainstream media, it adds high-profile events, evangelists and investors by the
day. What it lacks is more world-class spaces for gamers to physically gather on a grand
scale. Current facilities can be retrofitted, new developments can create an esports space
from the ground up. Keep scrolling to see our concepts and built work on both fronts.

Welcome to the most ambitious gaming venue in the world’s most ambitious
esports league. Fusion Arena is the first new-construction, purpose-built esports arena in
the Western Hemisphere. When it debuts as the home of the Philadelphia Fusion, crowds
of up to 3,500 will gather to experience a higher level of tournament quality, production
value and fan amenities.

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A partnership between Comcast Spectacor and The Cordish Companies, Fusion

Arena represents the first piece of an expansive new mixed-use entertainment district.
The South Philadelphia development will sit within a stone’s throw of the city’s other
major professional sports venues.

The 2019 Global Architecture & Design Award Winner, At first glance, the
arena’s exterior will appear sleek and dynamic, shaped by the hardware powering this new
breed of competition. Look closer and you’ll find industrial materials used in new ways
that hearken back to Philly’s heritage as the “workshop of the world.”

Figure 2.32 Players Practice Area Figure 2.33 Players Stage Arena

Source : Popolous

Once inside, visitors pass through a captivating 6,000-square-foot lobby with 2,000
square feet of interactive media surface displaying overhead. The heart of the facility is a
25,000-square-foot, theatre-style event space, one flanked by bird’s-eye social areas on
each side and dynamic views back to the stage. Other viewing experiences include two
balcony bars, club seats with USB ports, flexible loge boxes and exclusive suites.

Nearly 10,000 square feet of behind-the-scenes space acts as the central nervous
system of the venue, housing a training facility, state-of-the-art broadcast studio and
offices, among other areas. Taken all together, Fusion Arena’s design sets a new standard
for the sport. The high-tech hub will power the Fusion’s continued rise through year-round
recruiting, training and competing.

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2.2. CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK

The study will formulate a modular concept and as the figure below shows as a
guide in the development of the proposal, the basic gathering and the study of information
and researchers from resource public documents, journals, report essays, reference books
and other essential related documents.

The gathered information shall cover and relate to the background of the study and
will undergo methodological processes through related laws and design standards, site
evaluation and assessment, determining, the basic needs and wants of the targeted people,
and amenable spaces and amenities for their immediate concerns, that will address an
output design solution set of drawing plans.
PROCESS

 Architetural Design Data

 Architectural Space
 Building Laws
Programming
 Site Data
 Site Analysis
 Related Literature
 Form Analysis
 Related Projects
 Conceptualization
Local/International
INPUT

Figure 2.34
Conceptual Framework Diagram
 Conceptualization of Form
 Site Development
 Space Programming
NEXTGEN :
A PROPOSED NATIONAL ESPORTS  Architectural Solution
GAMING COMPLEX

OUTPUT

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2.3 RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

This section will discuss the research process on how the researcher conduct their
project proposal. To be able to help the topic and provide justice to the current situation,
issues and challenges to the social economy affecting the region. The tools, equipment,
references and procedures to be used in order to completely support the given study.

A. IDENTIFICATION OF KEY RESOURCE AND DATA SOURCES

A.1. DATA SOURCES

A.1.1 World Wide Web

The Internet is the easiest and fastest way to gather information as a part of this
pandemic. There are number of free articles, compact text formats, written journals,
papers and other types of data that can be conveniently accessed with only on click. This
allowed the advocates to have access to data and details that could not be included in the
report.

A.1.2 Consultations
Data were also obtained by consultations whereas experts were consulted on higher
project qualifications.

A.1.3 Government Agencies

These offices are responsible for the strategy, growth and possible plans to be
carried out as part of the programme. Both offices are situated inside the Paranaque City
municipal hall, which makes it simpler for the proponent to obtain information from legal
records, provincial land use plan and documents.

1. Paranaque City, Office of the First District Rep. Office

2. Paranaque City, Administrative Services
3. Paranaque City, Municipal Assesor Office

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A.1.3 Site Visit

The goal of the site visit is to be able to know the condition of the site, Its
surroundings and changes in the future.
Next, the researcher took the following intruments to the field visit: (a) camera (b)
mobile phone (c) pen and paper to take down notes and (d) letter of approval.
Lastly, the following protocols shall be observed the site visit: (a) taking pictures
of the site (b) the compilation of data or related articles, such as statistical data, papers,
reports, documents.

2.3.1 RESEARCH STRATEGY

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