Republic of the Philippines DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION K to 12 Basic Education Curriculum Technology and Livelihood Education Learning Module ELECTRICAL INSTALLATION AND MAINTENANCE EXPLORATORY COURSE Grades 7 and Grade 8TABLE OF CONTENTS What This Module Is Abou How to Use This Medule . LESSON 1 — Prepare Electrical Supplies, Materials, and Tools ON 2— Perform Mensuration and Calculation 15-93 LESSON 3 — Interpret Technical Drawing and Plans... LESSON 4 — Maintain Tools and Equipment .... on - 127 LESSON 5 — Practice Occupational Safety and Health...... 128 - 158 ANSWER KEYS..............::::cccceeee phe chet dng ede. 159 - 169 Acknowledgment... ATO ELECTRICAL INSTALLATION MAINTENANCE. K to 12 ~ Technology and Livelihood Education2 What This Module Is About ‘Welcome to the world of Electrical Installation and Maintenance! This module is an exploratory course which leads you to Electrical Installation and Maintenance National Certificate Level Il (NC Il)'. It covers competencies that a Grade 7 | Grade 8 Technology and Livelinood Education (TLE) student ought to possess, namely: 1) Prepare electrical supplies, materials, and tools; 2) Perform mensuration and calculations; 3) Interpret technical drawings and plans; 4) Maintain tools and equipment; and 5) Practice occupational health and safety. ‘These competencies are covered separately in five lessons, As shown below, each lesson is directed to the attainment of one or two learning outcomes: Lesson 4 — Prepare Electrical Supplies, Materials, and Tools LO1. Identify electrical supplies, materials, and tools needed in electrical/wiring installation LO 2. Request appropriate supplies, materials, and tools for a specific job LO 3. Receive and inspect electrical supplies, materials, and tools Lesson 2 ~ Perform Mensuration and Calculations LO 4. Select measuring tools and instruments LO 2. Carry out measurements and calculations Lesson 3- Interpret Technical Drawing and Plans LO1. Analyze signs, symbols, and data LO2, Interpret technical drawings and plans Lesson 4 ~ Maintain Tools and Equipment LO 1. Cheek condition of tools and equipment LO 2. Perform basic preventive maintenance LO 3, Store tools and equipment NATIONAL CERTIFICATE (NC) isu certifiaton ese fo nds who achive al he renew of compton for maton ‘qualifction es df uraer the Fruning Regulations, NCsar align specif levels within the PTQE.{TESDA Boant Resolution No, 2004-13, Training Regulations Franicwork) NATIONAL CERTEPICATE LEVEL refers tothe our (4) qulifetion eels final in the Piippine TVET Qualifications Framciooek (PTQE) there the worker with NC I peyorms «routine and prodicae tsk; haste judgment: nal, orks nde sapereision; NCH performs prescribed range of fron ineicing know mts wa provers fs lini chic ane sompteaiy of ction, end has tle accowntabilt, Sea T TUE nnn ELECTRICAL INSTALLATION MAINTENANCE 2 K to 12 "Technology and Livelihood EducationLesson 5 ~ Practice Occupational Health and Satety LO 1. Identify hazards and risks LO 2, Evaluate risks and hazards LO 3, Control hazards and risks Your success in this exploratory course on Electrical Installation and Maintenance is shown in your ability to perform the performance standards found in each learning outcome. SO ELECTRICAL INSTALLATION MAINTENANCE. 3 K to 12 ~ Technology and Livelihood EducationHow to Use This Module This module has 5 lessons, Each lesson has the following parts: Leaming Outcomes Performance Standards Materials/Resources Definition of Terms ‘What Do You Already Know? ‘What Do You Need to Know? How Much Have You Learned? How Do You Apply What You Leamed? How Well Did You Perform? How Do You Extend Your Learning? References To get the most from this module, you need to do the following: 4. Begin by reading and understanding the Learning Outcomels and Performance Standards. These tell you what you should know and be able to do at the end of this, module. 2. Find out what you already know by taking the Pretest. Then, check your answer against the Answer Key. If you get 99 to 100% of the items correctly, you may proceed to the next lesson. If you failed to get 99 to 100% correctly, go through the lesson again and review the items which you failed to get 3. Do the required Learning Activities. They begin with one or mare Information Sheets. An Information Sheet contains important notes or basic information that you need to know. After reading the Information Sheet, test yourself on how much you learned by means of the Self-check. Refer to the Answer Key for correction and to the Information Sheet when you do not get all test items correcily, This will ensure your mastery of basic information, 4. Demonstrate what you learned by doing what the Activity / Operation Job Sheet directs you to do. 5, You must be able to apply what you have learned in another activity or in real life situations. 6. Accomplish the Scoring Rubries for you to know how well you performed. Each lesson also provides you with references and definitions of key terms for your guide, Se 1 7 Nae paniGhl Se ft tna ELECTRICAL INSTALLATION MAINTENANCE 4 K to 12 ~‘Technology and Livelihood EducationPrepare Electrical Supplies, Materials, and Tools LEARNING OUTCOMES: At the end of this lesson, you are expected to do the following: LO 1. identify electrical supplies, materials, and tools; LO 2, request appropriate supplies, materials, and tools for a specific job; and LO 3. receive and inspect electrical supplies, materials and tools. ELECTRICAL INSTALLATION MAINTENANCE K to 12 ~'Technology and Livelihood EducationDefinition of Terms Ampere - a unit of measure of electric current ‘Circuit - the path of electric current fram the source to the components and goes back to the source Kilowatt - a unit of power equivalent to 1000w ‘Conductor -.a wire or a cord which provides path for current flow Resistance - the quality of electric current measured in ohms that resist the flow of current Hot wire - a wire through which current flows Insulator — material used to cover electric wires which may be made from plastic, rubber, or asbestos Tools - implements used to modify raw materials for human use Corrugated plastic conduit (CPC) - commonly known as flexible non-metallic ‘conduit or moiattex Metallic Conduits- metal raceways classified into four: rigid stee! conduit (RSC), intermediate metallic conduit or tubing (IMC or IMT), electrical metallic conduit or ‘tubing (EMC or EMT), and flexible metallic conduit (FMC) Non-metallic conduits- plastic conduits or raceways designed to be a channel of wire that are classified as rigid non-metallic conduit or PVG, flexible non-metallic or ‘CPC, and surface plastic molding ‘Connectors and Adapters - accessories that are used to connect boxes to conduits ‘or raceways to the other boxes in the electrical system ———— ELECTRICAL INSTALLATION MAINTENANCE 6 K to 12 ‘Technology and Livelihood EducationLEARNING OUTCOME 1 Prepare electrical supplies, materials, and tools PERFORMANCE STANDARDS Tools and materials are identified as per job requirement Tools:are classified according to their function as per job requirement, Materiais are classified according to their uses in a specific project. Tools and materials are selected. Materials/ Resources ped 1. Utility box 8, Electrical Wires 15, Switch Plates 2. Connestors 9. Corrugated Plastic Conduit (CPC) 16, Cut-out Boxes 3. Male Plug 10. Recepiacies 4. Fuse 41. Fuse Panel’ Safety Switch 5. Junction Box 12. Square Boxes 6. Conduits 43. PVC Conduit 7. Circuit Breaker 14. Switches: TOOLS: 4. Long Nose Pliers 8, Hacksaw 2. Slubby Screwdriver 10. Diagonal cutting pliers 3. Wire Strippar 14, Half-round file 4. Portable Electric Drill 12. Round file 5. Philips Screwdriver 43. Spirit level 6 Combination Pliers 7. Hammer 8. Electrician's Knife SO ELECTRICAL INSTALLATION MAINTENANCE. 7 K to 12 - Technology and Livelihood Education=) What Do You Already Know? Let us determine how much you already know about preparing electrical supplies, materials, and tools. Take this test. Pretest LO 1 Directions: Read the statement carefully and identify what is being described or defined. Choose your answer from the words inside the box. Long Nose Pliers Circuit Breaker Hammer Electrician's Knife Utility box Portable Electric Drill Philips Screwdriver Connectors Wire Stripper Male Plug Fuse Combination Pliers Junction Box ‘Stubby Screwdriver Conduits 1. This is used for gripping, holding, and cutting etectrical wires, cables, and even small nails. It is usually used by linemen in doing heavy tasks 2. This is used for cutting and holding fine wires, It can reach tight spaces or small openings unlike other pliers and is also used in making terminal loops of copper wires. 3. This has a cross tip resembling a positive (+) sign. It is used to drive screws with cross slot heads. 4. This is a tool used in driving or pounding and pulling out nails. 5. This is a tool used for removing insulation of medium-sized wires ranging from gauge #10 to gauge #16, 6. This is @ small drilling machine with a chuck capacity of %4" to 3/6". It is used for making hales on metal sheets and concrete walls. 7. This comes in either Standard or Philips screwdriver with short shank or blade and shorted handle used to turn screws in tight spaces where standard screwdriver cannot be used. ————— ELECTRICAL INSTALLATION MAINTENANCE 8 K to 12 ‘Technology and Livelihood Education8. This is used by linemen to remove insulation of wire and cables. in low and high voltage transmission lines. 9, This is a device inserted to a convenience outlel to conduct electric current, A flat cord is attached to it on one end and the other end is connected to a ‘current-consuming instrument or appliance. 10. This is a circuit protective device that automatically blows and cuts the current when an overload or short circuit happens. 11. This is a rectangular-shaped metallic or plastic (PVC) material in which flush-type convenience outlet and switch are attached. 12, These are electrical materials used as the passage of wires for protection and insulation 13, These are used to attach metallic or non-metallic conduit to the junction or utility boxes. 14. This is a protective device used to automatically cut off the current when trouble in the circuit such as short circuit or overload occurs. 15. This is an octaganal-shaped electrical material where the connections or joints of wires are being done. I is also where the flush-type lamp holder is attached. Now check your answers using the Answer Key. If you got 90- 100% of the items correctly, proceed to the next Learning Outcome. If not, do the next activities to gain knowledge and skills required for mastery. oe ELECTRICAL INSTALLATION MAINTENANCE. 9 K to 12 ~ Technology and Livelihood EducationWhat Do You Need To Know? Read information Sheet 1.1 carefully. Find out how much you can remember and how much you leamed by doing Self-Check . Information Sheet Electrical Tools and Equipment Electrical tasks can be accomplished systematically to save time, effort, and resources. Most of the work cannot be done using bare hands. To do the task, electrical tools or equipment are needed to perform the job. This lesson will discuss the function/use of each tool or equipment used in electrical wiing installations. ‘The following are common electrical tools and equipment needed in the installation of electrical wiring | SCREWDRIVERS. These tools are made of stee! hardened and tempered at the ‘tip used to loosen or tighten ‘screws with slotted heads. ‘They come in various sizes and shapes, A, StandardiFlat Screwdriver. The blade tip is wedge-shaped and resembles a negative (-) ‘sign. This is used to drive screws with a single slot head. ELECTRICAL INSTALLATION MAINTENANCE, 10 K to 12 -'Technology and Livelihood EducationB, Philips Screwdriver, This has a cross tip resembling a positive (+) sign. This is used to drive screws with cross slot heads. C, Stubby Screwdriver, This comes in either Standard or Philips. screwdriver with short shank or blade and a shorted handle used to turn screws in tight spaces where a standard screwdriver cannot be used. D. Allen ScrewdriverWrench. This could be in the shape of a screwdriver ora wrench. Its function is to drive screws with hexagonal slot heads. ll, HAMMERS, These are tools | A used in driving or pounding and pulling out nails. They are made of hard steel, wood, plastic, or rubber. The following are types of hammers: A. Claw hammer B. Mallet(rubber head) C. Ballpen hammer B —_—_—_——————— — ELECTRICAL INSTALLATION MAINTENANCE. 11 K to 12 ~ Technology and Livelihaod Educationll PLIERS. These tools are made from metal with insulators in the handle and are used for : cutting, twisting, bending, E holding, and gripping wires and cables. A. Combination Pliers (Lineman's Pliors). This is used for gripping, holding, and cutting electrical wires and cables and ‘even small nails. They are usually used by linemen in doing heavy tasks. B. Side Cutting Pliers. This type ‘of pliers is used for cutting fine, medium, and big wires and cables. ae . Long Nose Pliers. This is used ‘or cutting and hoiding fine wires. This can reach tight ‘spaces or small openings ‘where other pliers cannot reach and is also used in making terminal loops of ‘copper wires, ELECTRICAL INSTALLATION MAINTENANCE, K to 12 ~‘Technology and Livelihood EducationMI Wire Stripper. This is a tool used for removing insulation of medium-sized wires ranging from gauge #10 to gauge #16. Electrician's Knife. This is used by linemen to remove insulation of wire and cables in low and high voltage transmission lines. Portable Electric drill. A small dling machine with a chuck capacity of 14" to 3/8". Itis used in making holes on metal ‘sheats and concrete walls. ELECTRICAL INSTALLATION MAINTENANCE K to 12 ~ Technology and Livelihood Education 13VIL Hacksaw. This tool is used to ‘cut metal conduit and anmored cable. Electrical Supp! id Materials: Electrical materials are developed and constructed for a special purpese, such as to: pene control the flow of current in an electrical circuit; ‘carry electrical current fram the source to the load or current cansuming apparatus; hold and secure wires to its fixtures inside and outside hauses and buildings; and protect houses, buildings. appliances, and instruments from destruction and damage. ‘The following are the most commonly used electrical materials. MATERIALS AND DESCRIPTION PICTURES Convenience outlet. a device that acts as a convenient source of electrical energy for current consuming appliances. It is where the male plug of an appliance is inserted and is usually fastened on the wall or connected in an extension cord, It may be single, duplex, triplex, or multiplex and could be surface type or flush type. Surface type (duplex) a Flush type (duplex) Male plug- a device inserted to a convenience outlet to conduct electric current. A flat cord is attached to it on one end and the other end is connected to a current-consuming instrument or appliance Male plugs ELECTRICAL INSTALLATION MAINTENANCE K to 12 "Technology and Livelihood Education 4Lamp holders- devices that hold and protect the lamp and are also called Lamp Sockets/Receptactes. These come in many designs and sizes. They are classified as flush, hanging (weather prootichain), and surface types. Flush type J Surface type Hanging (weather) Hanging (chain) Switch - a device that connects and disconnects the flow of electric current in a circuit. There are many shapes, designs, and types and they are classified as hanging, flush, and surface types, Fuse - a circuit protective device that automatically blows and cuts the current when overload or short circuit happens. ‘Surface type Flush type Vag Knife blade Cartridge Hanging type Plug type ELECTRICAL INSTALLATION MAINTENANCE. K to 12 - Technology and Livelihood Education 15Circuit Breaker - a protective device used to automatically blow and cut the current when trouble in the circuit such as short circuit or averload occurs. Cireuit breaker Junction Box - an octagonal shaped electrical material where the connections or joints of wires are being done. It is also where the flush type lamp holder is attached. This could be made of metal or Plastic plastic (PVC) Polyvinyichloride. Metal Utility Box - a rectangular shaped metallic of plastic (PVC) material in which flush type convenience outlet and switch are attached. METAL PLASTIC temporary wiring installation and commonly used in extension cord assembly. It comes in a roll of 150 meters and sizes of gauge # 18 and gauge # 16 awg (American wire gauge). jat Cord - a duplex stranded wire Used for Flat cord ELECTRICAL INSTALLATION MAINTENANCE, K to 12 -'Technology and Livelihood Education 16Electrical Wire/Conductor- electrical material that could be: a, Stranded wire which is made of multiple Conduits/Pipes- electrical materials used as the passage of wires for proteetian and insulation, These could be rigid metallic, flexible metallic conduit (FMC), rigid non- metallic (PVC), and flexible non-metallic or corrugated plastic conduit (CPC). strands joined together to make a single a, Stranded wire wire, copper or aluminum wire. These are used in wiring installation inside and outside the b. Solid wire buildings. Metallic conduit —_— Flexible Non-metallic conduit or corrugated plastic conduit (CPC) Rigid Non-metallic conduit (PVC) Clamps- electrical materials. used to hold a ». bl Py [Pod and anchor electrical conduits to their wy 7” proper position Metal clamp Plastic clamp =i ~ © —S Connectors- used to attach metallic or non-metallic conduit to the junction or utility boxes, Metal connector Flexible non-metallic connector ELECTRICAL INSTALLATION MAINTENANCE. K to 12 ~ Technology and Livelihood Education 17COMMON WIRE SPLICES AND JOINTS Introduction As a student in Electrical Installation and Maintenance, you should acquire the important knowledge and skills in wire splices and jcints and be familiar with the actual application of every splice and joint. This will serve as your tool in performing actual wiring installation. Of course, another factor is the knowledge in interpreting and analyzing the wiring diagram especially ifthe circuit is complicated. The following are common electrical wire splices and joints. Rat Tail or Pig Tail. This kind of joint is commonly used to join two or more conductors inside the junction box. It is suitable for service where there is no mechanical stress when wires are to be connected in an outlet box, switch, or conduit fitting, Y-splice. This method of wrapping is generally used on small cables because the strands are flexible and can all be wrapped in one operation. Knotted tap. This is used where the tap wire is under heavy tensile stress. Plain tap joint. This is used where the tap wire is under considerable tensile Aerial tap. This is used as a temporary tap. stress circuit, i est {] Duplex cross joint. This is a two-tap wire tured simultaneously and is used ELECTRICAL INSTALLATION MAINTENANCE, K to 12 ‘Technology and Livelihood Education 18usually done in constructions sites. The | where the two tap wire is under heavy easy twist will facilitate tap wire movement. | tensile stress, FSSA eel tee) Western Union Short-tie Splice. This is the most widely used splice or joint in interior wiring installation to extend the | Western Union Long Tie. Thi length of wire from one point to another, | &*tensively for outside wiring to extend the length of wire from one end to another, used Wrapped Tap or Tee Joint. This is used on large solid conductors where it is difficult to wrap the heavy tap wire around the main wire. Cross joint. The same application is done as in plain tap but the only difference is that this tap is a combination of two plain taps placed side by side with each other. EXTENSION CORD An extension cord is a span of flexible electrical power cable with a plug on one end ‘and multiple sockets on the other end. It comes in several varieties to suit the needs of the user. One of the most important considerations is the power handling capacity to make it safe and functional. Electrical gadgets are products of modem technology to make our life better. The number of electrical gadgets available at home and in offices may exceed the existing convenience outlets installed in every room. The best remedy to address the insufficiency of available outlets is to use an extension cord especially if the electrical gadgets need to operate at the same time, REMINDER Be careful in buying an extension cord. You have to lack for the Department of Trade and Industry (DTI) markings. The Product Standard (PS) or Import Commodity Clearance (ICC) markings on it signify that the product passed the DTI standards for safety and quality. ——_——_ ELECTRICAL INSTALLATION MAINTENANCE. 19 K to 12 ~ Technology and Livelihood EducationSelf-Check 1.1 Direction, Identity each of the following tools/materials. = a & “== 8) joleevec 8 Refer to the Answer Key. What is your score? ELECTRICAL INSTALLATION MAINTENANCE, 20 K to 12 ~'Technology and Livelihood EducationHow Do You Apply What You Have Leamed? ‘Show that you learned something by doing this activity. Operation Sheet 1.1_ SKINNING OF WIRE USING DIFFERENT TOOLS AND EQUIPMENT DIRECTIONS. Given are sets of tasks and their corresponding pictures. Practice those using appropriate tools and materials. Your performance will be judged using the following criteria: PERFORMANCE RUBRICS: CRITERIA 4 3 2 1 Accuracy Workmanship Proper handling of tools: ‘Speed Legend: 4- Excellent 3-Good 2- Fair 1-Poor SCALE DESCRIPTION POINTS 4 Excellent ‘93-100 3 Good 86-92 2 Fair 79-85 1 Poor 78 and below Accuracy- the ability to follow the proceduresidiractions with precision Workmanship- the art, skil, and finality of work © Proper handling of tools- the ability to apply proper handling of tools for a given task Speed- efficiency of work a ELECTRICAL INSTALLATION MAINTENANCE 21 K to 12 ~"Technology and Livelihood EducationTOOLS: Combination pliers ‘Side cutting pliers ‘Long nose pliers Wire stripper Electrician's knife pReRS MATERIALS: Solid and stranded capper wires of different sizes: #14, #12, #10 Pictures of the Tasks 1, Skin a wire about 1 to 1 % inches long 19 an electrician's knife. 2. Skin a wire about 1 % inches long using combination and side cutting pliers. Make sure that there will be no Knick ( deep cut across the wire) on your skinned wires, 3. Remove insulators about 1 fo 1% inches long using wire stripper. —— ELECTRICAL INSTALLATION MAINTENANCE 2 K to 12 -‘Technology and Livelihood Education(Comeroogs] CONNECTING SKINNED WIRES TO WIRING MATERIALS: OBJECTIVE: To be able to property connect skinned wires to bulb receptacles, convenience outlets, switches, or any other wiring materials, TOOLS ‘Combination pliers Side cutting pliers Long nose pliers ‘Wire stripper Electrician's knife Phillips screwdriver Flat screwdriver NOR een MATERIALS: ® Electrical wires used in Activity 1.4 PROCEDURE: Follow the procedure below 4. Make terminal loops from your skinned wires of about 1 10 1% inches long using long nose pliers. 2. Connect the skinned wire to screw terminals of the bulb receptacle. “Be sure that the wire loop is connected ar attacired to the: terminal screw in a clockwise direction. reer eee ererrareserseeeresrcrerersreeee a ELECTRICAL INSTALLATION MAINTENANCE. 23 K to 12 - Technology and Livelihood Education3. Allach the loop to the screw and tighten it to the convenience outlet tightly, “Be sure that the wire loop is connected or attached to the terminal screw in a clockwise direction. 4. Insert the loop to the screw of the switch and tighten it. “Be sure that the wire loop is connected or attached to the terminal screw in a clockwise direction, 5. Insert the laop to the screw of the fuse terminal and tighten it. “Be sure that the wire loop is connected or attached to the terminal screw in a clockwise direction. Operation Sheet 1.28 SPLICING OF WIRES. DIRECTIONS: Below are pictures of common wire splices and joints used in electrical wiring installations, Practice doing the task by following the steps given. Your performance will be judged using the rubric. Steps in splicing a rat tail joint Steps Figures ———————— ELECTRICAL INSTALLATION MAINTENANCE 2 K to 12 -‘Technology and Livelihood Education1. Strip the wire insulator at the ends of the conductor to be joined at about 50 mm. Clean both wires to be joined, 2. Place the two ends of bare wire in crossed position. 3. Then, twist the bare conductors about five to seven times. ‘Steps in splicing western union long- [_stess—=<—rts*é‘“‘é;STCSW FOU 4. Strip the wire ends for about 75 mm. 2. Place the wires in crossed position about —mid-halfway from the insulation. —_—_—_—_—_——_—__ OOOO ELECTRICAL INSTALLATION MAINTENANCE. 25 K to 12 ~ Technology and Livelihood Education‘4. Wrap each side of the wire for about four to five tums as shown, 3. Make four to six long twists of wires. ‘Steps in splicing aerial tap joint Figure: ‘= Strip the tap wire end about 75, mm and the main wire end about 25mm. Place the wires in crossed position intersecting about 5 mm from the insulation of the tap wire and the main wire. + Bend the tap wire over the main wire, making a long twist. ELECTRICAL INSTALLATION MAINTENANCE K ta 12 ~"Technology and Livelihood Education 26+ Tur the tap wire around the main wire making four to five turns. sa, NN ELECTRICAL INSTALLATION MAINTENANCE. 27 K to 12 ~ Technology and Livelihood EducationHow Much Have You Learned’ Self-Check 1.2 A. Direction: Inside each piece of puzzle are jumbled leiters. Arrange these letters to form the correct word on types of joints and splicesiwire connections. 1. 2 3. 4. —— ELECTRICAL INSTALLATION MAINTENANCE 28 K to 12 ~‘Technology and Livelihood EducationHow Do You Apply What You Have Learned? Show that you learned something by doing this activity, Operation Sheet 1.38 INTRODUCTION Undenwriter’s knot is one of the skills needed in making an extension cord. It is neither a joint nor a splice but a knot that is made in an extension cord. Its purpose is to relieve the strain on small wires of the cord and binding screws of convenience outlets and male plug. For you to make a quality and safe output you have to strictly follow the given procedure in making an underwriter's knot. Below is the procedure. You will be rated using these rubrics. PERFORMANCE RUBRICS: CRITERIA a 3 2 7 Accuracy Workmanship Proper handling of tools Speed Legend: 4-Excellent 3:Good 2-Fair__1=Poor SCALE DESCRIPTION POINTS 4 Excellent 93-100 3 Good 86-92 2 Fair 79-85 1 Poor 78 and below Materials: > Flat cord no.18 AWG Took > Side cutting pliers ® Long nose pliers * Combination pliers » Wire stripper/electrician’s knife OO ELECTRICAL INSTALLATION MAINTENANCE. 29 K to 12 - Technology and Livelihood EducationProcedure: 1. Split the end of the flat cord about 8 centimeters long. 1. Bend the left strand of the cord and place it at the back of the main cord following the arrow. 2. Bend the right strand of cord. Place it at the back of the left strand and over the main cord. 4, Pull both strands of the flat cord to tighten the knot. 3. Insert the right strand cord inside the loop made by the left strand cord. ELECTRICAL INSTALLATION MAINTENANCE K ta 12~Technology and Livelihood Education 30PROJECT PLAN IN MAKING AN EXTENSION CORD INTRODUCTION You might be Wonderiiig why there are several projects which are not completed There are several reasons why this happens. It might be because of budget constraints or poor planning. This lesson will help you complete a project. ‘A project pian is necessary before undertaking any project because it serves as your guide in accomplishing an activity, it will give you an idea what needs to be done, how much to spend and what procedures to undertake. ‘A well prepared project plan saves time and cost of materials. Below is a sample project plan of an extension cord. This format can also be used in preparing a plan for other projects in the future. Project Plan - (Making an extension cord) Name of Student, Year & Section: 1 Name of Project: Extension Cord Assembly Date Started: ‘Dato Finished: Il. Objectives: a. Demonstrate how to make an extension cord b. Observe safely measures while doing the project MM. Sketeh/Drawing: —— eee ELECTRICAL INSTALLATION MAINTENANCE. 31 K to 12 - Technology and Livelihood Education1V, Materials Needed: ‘Qty. | Unit Description Unit Cost” | Total Cast 7 [pc | Convenience Outlet (surface type | Php 4000 | Php 40.00 duplex) 3 | meters | Flat Cord # 18 AWG Php 72.00 | Php 36.00 7 [pe | Male Plug Php 15.00 | Php 15.00 2 | pes. | Eyelet Wire Connectors Php 750 [Php 3.00 TOTAL COST OF MATERIALS Php 94.00 + cost of labor (approximately 20%-30% of cost of materials) Php 28.00 (30%) | SELLING CosT PHP 422.00 ‘Sample Pictures of Materials Needed —=< >= == Flat Cord Male Plug Eyelet Wire Connectors — Canvenience Outlet V. Tools and Equipment Needed: ‘Standard/Flat Screwdriver Philips Screwdriver Long Nose Pliers Side Cutting Pliers Electrician's knife/ Pocket Knife Continuity Tester or Multi-tester err ewe VI. Procedure: Prepare the plan. Gather all necessary materials, tools, and equipment needed, Insert cord into the male plug. Split the cord wires about 8 centimeters long Remove insulation of both wires 1 centimeter long with a pocket knife as if sharpening a pencil. Be careful not to cut any strand. 5. Scrape bare wire with the back of the knife until shiny. Twist the wire stands. 6._Tie the underwriter's knot. SET nn Sn ELECTRICAL INSTALLATION MAINTENANCE, 32 K to 12 -'Technology and Livelihood Education Bere7. Make a loop on terminal wires and connect the wires to the screw of the male plug. The loop should go with the thread in a clockwise direction. 8, Split the cord wires at the other end about 4 centimeters long, then follow step no, 9. Connect the wires to the connectors, 10. Open the convenience outlet then remove the screw. 11, Insert the wire connectors to the screws, tighten them and replace the cover. 12. Check the continuity and test the extension cord, How Well Did You Perform? Find out by accomplishing the Scoring Rubric honestly and sincerely. Remember it is your learning at stake! Criteria for Assessment: PERFORMANCE RUBRICS: CRITERIA a 3 2 4 ‘Accuracy Workmanship Proper handling of tools ‘Speed Legend: 4-Excellent 3:Good _2-Fair 1-Poor ‘SCALE DESCRIPTION POINTS 4 Excellent 93-100 a Good 86-92 2 Fair 79-85 1 Poor 78 and below ° ‘Accuracy- the ability to follow the proceduresidirections with precision Workmanship: the art, skil, and finality of work Proper handling of tools- the ability to apply proper handling of tools for a given task Speed- efficiency of work —_—_—_—_—_—_—_—_ ELECTRICAL INSTALLATION MAINTENANCE. 33 K to 12 ~ Technology and Livelihood EducationLEARNING OUTCOME 2 Request appropriate supplies, materials, and tools for a specific job PERFORMANCE STANDARDS Needed materials and tools are listed as per job requirement. Materials and tools are requested according to the list prepared Requests are done as per company standard operating procedures (SOP) Unavailable materials and tools are substituted and provided without sacrificing cost and quality of work. Materials / Resources Inventory form Requisition form Job order form Borrower's form BeNe ELECTRICAL INSTALLATION MAINTENANCE 34 K to 12 ~‘Technology and Livelihood Education% What Do You Already Know? Let us determine how much you already know about requesting appropriate supplies, materials, and tools for a specific job, Take this test, test LO2 Directions: Match the forms in Column A with the corresponding descriptions in Column B. Write the letter of your answer. Column A Column B 1. A document generated by a user a, Inventory of Materials Form department or storeroom personnel to notify the purchasing department of items needed, their quantity, and the time frame 2. The raw materials, work-in-process . Requisition Slip Form goods, and completely finished goods that are considered to be the portion of a business's assets that are ready or will be ready for sale 3. A formused to request for tools and «c, Job Order! Work Order Form equipment to be used for a particular job. instruction to perform a work 4, Awritten instruction to perform a task 4, Borrowers Form according to specified requirements, time frame, and cost estimates. Now check your answers using the Answer Key. If you got 90- 100% of the items correctly, proceed to the next Learning Outcome. If you did not, do the next activities again to gain knowledge and skills required for mastery. —_—_—_—_———_—__ ELECTRICAL INSTALLATION MAINTENANCE. 35 K to 12 ~ Technology and Livelihood EducationWhat Do You Need To Know? Read the information Sheet 2.1 very well then find out how much you can remember and how much you learned by doing Self-check 4.1. Information Sheet 2.1 DIFFERENT TYPES OF FORMS ‘Correctness of the entries in different forms used in electrical work is necessary in order to acquire right, complete, and accurate number of materials and tools needed for a specific electrical job. Here are samples of different forms used in electrical work 1. Purchase requisition is a document generated by a user department or storeraom personnel to notify the purchasing department about items it needs to order, their quantity, and the time frame. It may also contain the authorization to proceed with the purchase. This is also called purchase request or requisition. REQUISITION SLIP FORM Name: Project: Location: Classification: Purpose: NO. | QUANTITY] UNIT] DESCRIPTION | UNIT | TOTAL cost| cost REQUISITIONER TEACHER HEAD PRINCIPAL, ————— ELECTRICAL INSTALLATION MAINTENANCE 36 K to 12 ~‘Technology and Livelihood Education2. Inventory are raw materials, work-in-process goods, and completely finished goods that are considered to be the portion of a business's assets that are ready or will be ready for sale, Inventory represents one of the most important assets that mast businesses possess, because the tumover of inventory represents one of the primary sources of revenue generation and subsequi arnings for the company's shareholders/owners, INVENTORY OF MATERIALS FORM Name: Section: School: Shop lab.: Purpo: Tools! No. of No. ofnot | No. of No. of Equip- | Qty. | Functional | Functional | Condemn-| Borrowed | Missing ment but able Repairable REQUISITIONER TEACHER HEAD, Date: ELECTRICAL INSTALLATION MAINTENANCE. K to 12 - Technology and Livelihood Education 373. Job Order or Work Order Form is a written instruction to perform a task according to ‘specified requirements, time frame, and cost estimates. SAMPLE OF JOB ORDER FORM OR WORK ORDER FORM [Company Hare Logo od verter ed Pant ite motte om ——o ete ee er ——— opm mer Pai a ented =] =] Compared el rs ptt se end ot paren) Petite trees te rm Lele — — a Rana T te Kon ee the fend Fees deine) sty ts eh phan Dele er en ‘Theat iPr Yow Bis! ——— ELECTRICAL INSTALLATION MAINTENANCE 38 K to 12 ~‘Technology and Livelihood Education4, Borrower's Form is a form used to request for tools and equipment needed for a particular job. It indicates the department the borrower is connected, with the date, the job that is to be dene, the person who will approve the request, when it was fetumed, and if it was in good condition. EQUIPMENT BORROWERS FORM (Revised 31August2010: Accomplish in duplicated REQUEST NO: (elo not fll wp his teem) DAT MR/MS (Please encireie) SURNAME GIVEN NAME MIDDLE. ADDRESS: CONTACT NO. E-MAIL ADDRESS: Please chock: 2 Student Student No, Subject: 2 Dept Faculty Employee No, 5 Dept REPS Suit Department College: 3 Others Office Address. Ascompanying DGE-TCAGP Member: PURPOS! INTENDED PERIOD OF USE: LOCATION: CHECKLIST OF REQUESTED ITEMS *: “TT mare Than 8 ems. poowtile another afiacomaent * Do not Al this parts to be countersigned by authored staf wp recedpt and return, RECOMMENDING APPROVAL (for DGE studer ‘Thesis Adviser/Faculty-in-Charge) Borrower's Name in Print and Signature This is to certify that: Date: 1 have read, understood, and agreed ta the “Terms of (Fill this portion only during the tine of borrowing.) Use for AGBST Equipment" (back of this page). 2. Freceived the above listed equipment completely and APPROVED: in good ander. SJR. | swear to use the above listed equipment with die IVAN DELA CRUZIR., Dr. Eng. care a di AGSST Lab Coordinator 4-n case of damage or los, shall be responsible for repair or placement: APPROVED: HUAN DELA CRUZ IR, Dr Eng, ‘Borrower's Name over printed ame) (Chair, DGE and Direetae, TCAGP ‘To bo accomplished upon return of equipment Date returned: Allitems‘in good condition? YI NO, {IF no, please attach damage report) Any missing tem? __ YES __ NO, Please describe: Reveived by: EE ELECTRICAL INSTALLATION MAINTENANCE 39 K to 12 ~ Technology and Livelihood EducationHow Much Have You Learned? Self-Check 2.1 Directions: Accomplish the table. COMMON TYPES OF FORMS DESCRIPTION PURPOSE 1 2. 3. Refer to the Answer Key. What is your score? ELECTRICAL INSTALLATION MAINTENANCE K to 12 -‘Technology and Livelihood EducationHow Do You Apply What You Have Leamed? Show that you learned something by doing this activity, Activity Sheet 2.1 DRAMATIZATION/ROLE PLAY OBJECTIVE: To be able to understand and perform how to make requisition of supplies, materials, and tools for a specific job Materials: * Borrower's Slip’ Form * Different electrical supplies and materials in the laboratory Tools: All available tools to be requested in the dramatization Persons Involved: Minimum of 3 students (1 will act as the tool keeper and the others are the borrowers) Time limit: 7 to 10 minutes OO ELECTRICAL INSTALLATION MAINTENANCE "a K to 12 - Technology and Livelihood EducationLEARNING OUTCOME 3 Receive and inspect electrical supplies, materials, and tools PERFORMANCE STANDARDS + Received and inspected materials and tools as per quantity and specification based on requisition. * Tools and materials are checked for damages and manufacturing defects ‘© Materials and tools received are handled with appropriate safety devices. Materials and tools are set aside at an appropriate location nearest to the workplace, 1. Sample of official receipt form 2. Delivery receipt form Let us determine how much you already know about receiving and inspecting electrical supplies, materials, and tools. Take this test. Pretest LO 3 Directions: A. Complete the missing word to complete the three key words in receiving a shipment or supplies and materials: 1 sit 2 ZIsit 2 3. Is the piece count 2 ELECTRICAL INSTALLATION MAINTENANCE, 42 K to 12 -'Technology and Livelihood EducationB. Answer the following questions and write the correct answer on the space provided. 1. Who is responsible for requesting inspection of damaged goods and packaging? 2. What should you do with the copy of your request fer inspection? ‘3. What should a person do with the findings of the inspection? Now check your answers using the Answer Key. If you gat 90-100% of the items correctly, proceed to the next Learning Outcome. If not, do the next activities to gain knowledge and skills required for mastery. Se) @ What Do You Need To Know? Read the Information Sheet 3.1 very well then find out how much you can remember and how much you learned by doing Self-check 3.1. Information She RECEIVING AND INSPECTING FREIGHT SHIPMENTS: One of the tasks of a supply officer or logistics officer is the purchase of the company's supplies, materials, and anything that the company needs. But this duty does not end in just purchasing but also in receiving the deliveries of what was purchased. In receiving the deliveries, understand that you need to ensure thal the right materials and supplies were delivered and all are in good condition without defects. ‘A. When you receive a shipment, ask the shipper the following questions: 1. Isitforme? Check the delivery receipt for the consignee's name and address. If your agency has more than one location, make sure the goods are for this exact address. Check the freight to see if tis the same as what is described on the delivery Feceipt. Look at the label an each item to make sure the shipment belongs to you. ELECTRICAL INSTALLATION MAINTENANCE. K to 12 ~ Technology and Livelihood Education2. Is itdamaged? Do not sign the receipt before inspecting for damage. Check for holes, water, stains, and tears. Pick up cartons if you can. Check for rattling. Listen for something broken inside. Check to see if any package has been opened or if the ‘sealing tape has been tampered with, 3. Is the piece count correct? Count the pieces and match the number on the delivery receipt to the number you have counted. If the shipment is on a pallet, ‘check to make sure the pallet is solid with no voids inside the stack. If the shipment is shrink or stretch wrapped, make sure the wrap hasn't been cut and pieces removed. Sign only for the type of unit you receive. For example: two pallets. Don't ‘sign for the number of packages that are supposed to be on the pallet. However, if ‘time permits or the pallet is not banded or shrink wrapped, count the packages, and ‘only then sign for the number of packages. 8. If your delivery doesn't check out, do one of the fallowing: 1, Refuse shipment if it isn't yours, if the shipment does not meet the terms specified by ‘your agency, or is damaged to the point where it no longer has a value. 2. Ifyours, and only partially damaged or short, accept it and note exceptions on the delivery receipt. C, How to note exceptions: 1. Damage Notations: Be specific, Describe the damage accurately. Pinpoint the locations of all defects. If you can see the damage, have the driver wait while you ‘open and inspect the packages. Write down the number and identity of the damaged pieces. This is called a “joint inventory." 2. Shortage Notations: If part of shipment is missing, write the number of pieces actually delivered on the delivery receipt and citcle it. Then write down the number of pieces missing and note them as "shert.” 3, Signatures: Write down all exceptions on bath copies of the delivery receipt. Have the driver sign both copies of the delivery receipt in his full name (not initials or nicknames). After the driver signs, you sign also. Write your agency's name, your full name, the date, and the time of day. D. Follow these steps when requesting an inspection: 4. ‘The receiving person is responsible for requesting the carrier to inspect the damaged goods and packaging. The formal request should be made by phone right after discovering any loss or damage 2. After the phone request, make a request for inspection by the carrier in writing. Note ‘the date and time of your previous phone call and the person contacted. Keep a ‘copy of your request letter on file. ————— ELECTRICAL INSTALLATION MAINTENANCE “4 K to 12 ~‘Technology and Livelihood Education3. Once contacted about damage or shortage, the carrier may waive inspection and tell you so. If so, write down the name of the person who waived the inspection, and the date and time of waiver, Then conduct your own detailed inspection, Write up your findings in a report and attach it to the file. If you can, take photographs to confirm your inspection report. How Much Have You Learned? a. Complete the missing word to complete the three key words in receiving a shipment or supplies and materials: 4. Isit 2 2. Isit 2 3. Is the plece count 2 b. Answer the following questions and write the correct answer on the space provided. 1, Who is responsible for requesting inspection for damaged goods and packaging? 2. What should you do with the copy of your request for inspection? 3. What should a person do with the findings of the inspection? Refer to the Answer Key. What is your score er errr ELECTRICAL INSTALLATION MAINTENANCE. 45 K to 12 ~ Technology and Livelihood EducationHow Do You Apply What You Have Leamed? Show that you learned something by doing this activity. Activity Sheet 3.1 DRAMATIZATION ON RECEIVING SUPPLIES, MATERIALS, TOOLS, AND EQUIPMENT |. OBJECTIVE To practice how to receive and inspect supplies and materials for a specific jab IL PERSONS INVOLVED 1 student to act as supply officer’ tool and 1 student to act as delivery personnel I, SITUATION The delivery man arrived to deliver the electrical supplies and materials. The supply ‘officer (the other student) will inspect before receiving the supplies and materials. Congratulations! You did a great job! Rest and relax a while then move on to the next lesson. Good luck! REFERENCES Philippine Electrical Code. 2000 Edition. Cardenas, Elpidio.1989, Fundamental and Elements of Electricity. Philippines: national Bookstore. http://sam.dgs.ca.gov/TOC/3800/3861.htm. http://electrical. about, comvod/electricaltools/tp/top 16electricaltools.him —— ELECTRICAL INSTALLATION MAINTENANCE, 46 K to 12 -‘Technology and Livelihood EducationPerforming Mensuration and Calculation LEARNING OUTCOMES: Acthe end of this fesson, you are expected to do the following: LO 1, select measuring tools and instruments; and LO 2. carry out measurements and calculations. eee ererrraresrrsrerresrererrrsrer erro e ELECTRICAL INSTALLATION MAINTENANCE a7 K to 12 "Technology and Livelihood EducationDefinition of Terms Amperage (Amps) - a unit of measurement of electrical current flow Ampere - a unit of measurement which describes the amount of electric current passing a certain point at a particular time ‘Centimeter — one hundredth of a meter Inch - a portion of a foct, which is an English unit of linear measurement Megger - an instrument used to measure the insulation resistance of conductors or wire, It gives measurement in ohms or meg-ohms Millimeter - one-thousandth of a meter Multi-tester - an electrical measuring instrument used to measure the voltage, the resistance, or the current of a circuit. It is connected either through parallel or series with the circuit depending on what to measure. ‘Ohm - the unit of measurement used to express resistance ‘Ohmmeter - an instrument used to measure resistance in ohms Volt - a unit of measurement of electrical pressure of vollage ‘Voltmeter - an instrument specially designed for measuring voltage ‘Wire Gauge - used to measure the diameter of magnetic wire ————— ELECTRICAL INSTALLATION MAINTENANCE 48 K to 12 ‘Technology and Livelihood EducationLEARNING OUTCOME 1 Select Measuring Tools and Instruments PERFORMANCE STANDARDS Measuring tools and instruments are selected! classified as per object to be measured according to job requirements. Measurements are obtained according to job requirements. ‘Computation of resistance, current, and voltage using Ohms Law are ‘obtained. Materials/ Resources ( Ruler Push-pull tape rule Multi-meter Zigzag rule Wire gauge Micrometer caliper Vernier caliper Activity Sheets SNORE —_—_—_———_—__ OO OOOO ELECTRICAL INSTALLATION MAINTENANCE. 49 K to 12 - Technology and Livelihood EducationWhat Do You Already Know? Let us determine how much you already know about selecting measuring tools and instruments. Take this test. Pretest LO 1 = |. Directions: Match the electrical measuring tools and instruments in Column A with their descriptions in Column B. Write the letter of your answer in the ‘space provided. Column A Column B A. Voltmeter B. Volt-chmmeter C. Micrometer D. Clamp Ammeter . Wire gauge 5. —_—— ELECTRICAL INSTALLATION MAINTENANCE 50 K to 12 ‘Technology and Livelihood Education1. Multipte Choice Directions: Choose the letter of the object being described and write it on your answer sheet, 1. An instrument used to measure the amount of electrical current intensity in a circuit a. Voltmeter b. Ammeter c. Micrometer d. Ohmmeter 2. A pocket-sized tool used to test the presence of current in a line wire or circuit a. Test light b. Wire gauge ¢. Ruler d. Pull-push rule 3. A measuring tool used to measure the length of an object in centimeters and inches a. Test light b. Wire gauge c. Ruler d. Pullpush rule 4. \tis used to measure the diameter of wires/conductors in circular mills. It can measure small and big sizes of wires and cables, a. Voltmeter b, Ammeter 6. Micrometer 4. Ohmmeter 5. Itis used to measure the voltage, resistance, and current of a circuit. It connected in parallel or series with the circuit depending on what to measure. a. Volt-Ohm-Millimeter b. Micrometer c. Ohmmeter 4. Ammeter Now check your answers using the Answer Key. If you gat 90-100% of the items correctly, proceed to the next Learning Outcome. If not, do the next activities to gain knowledge and skills required for mastery. os ELECTRICAL INSTALLATION MAINTENANCE. ET K to 12 ~ Technology and Livelihood EducationWhat Do You Need To Know? Read the Information Sheet 1.1 very well then find out hi remember and how much you learned by doing Self-c Information Sheet 1.1 —_ MEASURING TOOLS AND INSTRUMENTS much you can Measurement is the process or the result of determining the ratio of a physical quantity, such as a length, time, temperature, etc, to a unit of measurement, such as meter, second or degree Celsius. The science of measurement is called metrology. ‘The English word measurement originates from the Latin ménsGra and the verbmetini through the Middle French mesure. Electrical measuring tools and instruments are sensitive and delicate so extra care is. necessary in handling them, These are used to measure currents, voltages, resistances, waltages, and other important elements in electrical works. This topic will tackle the function/use of each measuring tool and instrument used in doing an electrical task. Different kinds of measuring tools and precision measuring instruments are as follows: Measuring tool/instrument Description Test Light is a pocket-sized tool used to test the presence of current in a line wire of circuit. Micrometer is used to measure the diameter of wiresiconductors in circular mils. It can measure small and big sizes of wires and cables. —— ELECTRICAL INSTALLATION MAINTENANCE, 52 K to 12 ~'Technology and Livelihood EducationWire Gauge is used in determining the size of wires/conductors, The gauge ranges from 0 to 60.awg (American wire gauge). I) eter ot rule is @ measuring tool used to measure length, width, and thickness of short flat objects and to draw straight lines *Anilertuie is a tool used in, for example, geometry, technical drawing, engineering, and carpentry, to measure lengths or distances or fa draw straight lines. Strictly speaking, the ruleris the instrument used todraw straight lines and the calibrated instrument used for determining fength called a measure. However, common usage calls, both —insirumentssulers andthe special name straight edge is used for an unmarked rule, Pull-Push Rule is @ measuring tool used to measure the length of an abject in centimeter and inches. ELECTRICAL INSTALLATION MAINTENANCE. 53 K to 12 - Technology and Livelihood EducationAmmeter is an instrument used to measure the. amount of electrical current intensity in a circuit. The unit of measure is ampere (a). It is. connected along or series to the circuit, Voltmeter is an instrument used to measure the electrical pressure or voltage of a circuit. The unit of measure is volt (v). This is connected across or parallel to the circuit. Clamp Ammeter is also called tong-tester. It is used to measure the current flowing in a conductor. It is clamped or hung in @ conductor. Valt-Ohmmeter (VOM) also called multi-tester, is used to measure the voltage. resistance, and \ current of a circuit. It is connected in parallel or series with the circuit depending on what to measure. —— ELECTRICAL INSTALLATION MAINTENANCE K to 12 ~‘Technology and Livelihood EducationHow Much Have You Learned? Text Twist: A. Directions: Inside Box A are jumbled letters. Arrange the letters to form words Pertaining to electrical measuring tools and instruments. Write the words inside Box B. Box A Box B 1, GEWIGREAU 1. 2. MVLTETEOR 2. 3. AACMPLMMTREE 3. 4. RPPULLUSHULE 4 B. Directions: Describe at least two of your answers in activity A. 1, ta the Answer Key. What is your score? ee ood ELECTRICAL INSTALLATION MAINTENANCE. 55 K to 12 ~ Technology and Livelihood EducationHow Do You Apply What You Have Leamed? ‘Show that you learned something by doing this activity Activity Sheet 1.1 Directions: Using a pull-push rule, measure the length, width, and thickness/height of the teacher's table and blackboard eraser. Write your answer inside the corresponding box. Length Width Measurement | Thickness/Meight Measurement Measurement Object to be inches [Cent | inches | Centi- inches | Cenii- Leeeiaiac meters. meters meters 1. Teacher's table 2. Blackboard eraser 3. Teacher's cabinet 4. Classroom door —— ELECTRICAL INSTALLATION MAINTENANCE 56 K to 12 ~"Technology and Livelihood EducationLEARNING OUTCOME 2 Carry out measurements and calculations PERFORMANCE STANDARDS Numerical computations are self-checked and corrected for accuracy. Accurate measurements are obtained according to job requirements, Identified and converted systems of measurements to jab requirements. ‘Work pieces are measured according to jab requirements. Materials Paper Ball pen Ruler Push-pull tape Stee! rule Activity Sheets What Do You Already Know? Let us determine how much you already know about carrying out measurement and calculations. Take this test. A. Directions: Write the equivalent value of the given unit. 1 temis —_mm 2.1 yard is ___ inches 3.1 dmis ___em 4.10 mmis ___om 5.1 foot is inches OO ELECTRICAL INSTALLATION MAINTENANCE. 87 K to 12 ~ Technology and Livelihood EducationB. Directions: Write the correct unit abbreviation of the following: 1. Centimeter _—__ 2. Meter 3. Decimeter 4. Yard 5, Feet C. Directions: Convert the following: 1. 10 feet = em 2, 70cm = mm 3. 15inches == ft 4. Smeters = yard Now check your answers using the Answer Key. If you got 90-100% of the items correctly, proceed to the next Learning Outcome. If not, do the next activities to gain knowledge and skills required for mastery. ——— ELECTRICAL INSTALLATION MAINTENANCE 58 K to 12 ~‘Technology and Livelihood EducationWhat Do You Need To Know? Read the Information Sheet 2.1 very well then find out how much you can remember and how much you learned by doing Self-check 2.1. Information Sheet 2.1 A system of measurement is a set of units which can be used to specify anything can be measured. SYSTEM OF MEASUREMENT These are common units of measurement used in making layout and installation of electrical materials: A. Linear measures 1 English system provides the creative way on how people can measure by themselves. For example, people measure shorter distance on the ground with their feet. They measure long distances by their palms which is equal to a yard. * Inch * Yard * Miles 2 Metric system is a decimalized system of measurement. It exists in several variations with different choices of base units. Metric units are widely used around the world for personal, commercial, and scientific purposes, Millimeter Centimeter Decimeter Meter B. — English units and equivalents © i2inches = 1 foot (ft 9 foot = © Tyard = 36 inches ELECTRICAL INSTALLATION MAINTENANCE 59 K to 12 ~ Technology and Livelihood EducationC. Metric units and equivalents: 10 millimeters 10 centimeters 10 decimeters centimeter (cm) decimeter (dm) = 1 meter D. English to metric equivalents * Tinch=2.54 cm E. The centimeter graduation eo i ll duit sili iii 10mm or1 cm 25mm or2.5cm The graduation shows that every digit is 5 mm How to read the cm graduation: First graduation is .5 mm Second graduation is 1 mm Third graduation is 1.5 mm Fourth graduation is 2 mm fens Note: If the graduation reaches 10 mm, itis equivalent to 1 cm. —_——— ELECTRICAL INSTALLATION MAINTENANCE 60 K to 12 ~‘Technology and Livelihood EducationF. The inch graduation ee W16 316 S16 76 «9G = 19/16 1316 15/16 How to read the inch graduation: 4. First graduation is 1/16 inch 2. Second graduation is 1/8 inch 3. Third graduation is 3/1 4, Fourth graduation is % ich, then follow the given scale above. The inch graduation in a steel rule: * yeeeelsrwees Converting the unit of measurement from English to metric and vice versa Example: 4. (2inches=______cm — [cancel the common unit and apply cross Since multiplication. 12 inches 2.54 cm “Tipe 12% 2.54 om Perform the indicated operation. ELECTRICAL INSTALLATION MAINTENANCE. K to 12 - Technology and Livelihood Education4 Therefore: 12 inches = 30.48 cm 2. 6 feet = inches Since 6 feef= 12 inches 1 feet ‘Therefore: 6 feet = 72 inches ELECTRICAL INSTALLATION MAINTENANCE K to 12 "Technology and Livelihood Education 62THE MULTITESTER INTRODUCTION The Multitester or multimeter is sometimes called the VOM (voltmeter, ohmmeter, milliammeter). It is an instrument that can measure voltage, resistance, and current. Itis generally made of two types: the analog and the digital. A. PARTS OF A MULTITESTER POINTER. The needle-shaped rod that moves over the scale of a meter. Painter. It is mechanically connected to the moving coil. it indicates the measured values on the multimeter scale. ———__ NNN ELECTRICAL INSTALLATION MAINTENANCE. 63 K to 12 - Technology and Livelihood EducationRANGE SELECTOR KNOB (Selector switch) makes it possible to select different functions\and range of the meter. ELECTRICAL INSTALLATION MAINTENANCE K to 12 - Technology and Livelihood Education Adjustment screw makes it possible to adjust the pointer to the zero position of the scale,SCALE is a series of markings used for reading the value of a SCALE can have different types of scale, for voltage and current readings the scales have mostly lin Which = means equal division. For resistance Test probe positive (red). negative (black) is used to connect the circuit to the electrical components being tested Zero-ohm adjustingKneb is used to zero-in the pointer before measuring resistance. A. Proper care and maintenance of the multitester . Read manual of instructions on how to operate the multitester, 2. In reading the amount of voltage, always start with the highest range to avoid reading voltage higher than the tester setting. 3. Be sure that the tester is set to the correct range setting: resistance range when measuring the ohm, voltage range when measuring voltage and ammeter range when measuring the value of electric current 4. Always check the condition of its battery. Warn out batteries will damage the internal setting of the tester. 5. When the tester is not in used or will be stored, set the selector switch to 1000V or to OFF position. 6. Never drop the tester. —_———_—_—_ ELECTRICAL INSTALLATION MAINTENANCE. 65 K to 12 ~ Technology and Livelihood EducationB. How to read the meter scale of the multitester To read the resistance range of the multi-tester, the table below will be used. The unit of measurement to be used to determine its resistance is ohm. Range 100-200 Range x1 02 05 1 2 5 20 Range 2 5 10 20 50 200 x10 Range x1k 20 50 100 200 500 2K Range 200 500 1K 2K 5K 20K x 10k Pointer deflection Range setting is X1 Reading is 2.5 ohms Pointer deflection Range setting is X10 Reading is 25 ohms ELECTRICAL INSTALLATION MAINTENANCE 66 K to 12 -'Technology and Livelihood EducationVoltage scale Range Valueldiv_| Range 10V 0.2 Range 50V WV Range 250V Range 100V Voltage scale Range setting is 10 V (used 0-10 scale) Reading is 4.4V Range Valueldiv Range 10V 0.2v Range SOV Vv Range 250V BV Range 100V 20V Re te Voltage scale: Range setting is SOV (used 0-10 scale) Reading is 24V Range Valueldiv Range 10V. 0.2V Range 50V av Range 250V BV Range 1000V 20V aR Voltage scale Range setting is 250V (used 0-10 scale} Reading is 110V Ss vs _ —_— ELECTRICAL INSTALLATION MAINTENANCE. 67 K to 12 - Technology and Livelihood EducationHow Much Have You Learned? PARTS OF A MULTITESTER A. DIRECTIONS. Given a Multitester below, write the parts indicated by the arrow and give their functions. to the Answer Key. What is your score? — ELECTRICAL INSTALLATION MAINTENANCE, 68 K to 12 - Technology and Livelihood Education3h. How Do You Apply What You Have Leamed? Show that you learned something by doing this activity dob Sheet 2.1 |. USE MEASURING TOOLS Supplies and Materials. > Sheet of paper > Pencil Tools and Equipment > Steel rule » Bench rule * Metric rule » Foot rule Directions: Using any of the given measuring tools, read the actual measurement of the given samples. Write your answer on the space provided. Sample Actual measurement in centimeter Teacher's Table Length of eraser Height of cabinet —_—_—_——_—_—_—_ ELECTRICAL INSTALLATION MAINTENANCE. 69 K to 12 ~ Technology and Livelihood EducationI. READING A VOLTMETER Directions: Indicate the voltage reading of the voltmeter below. Write your answer on the space provided, 1 VOLT acloe 10 —————————— ELECTRICAL INSTALLATION MAINTENANCE, 70 K to 12 ~"Technology and Livelihood Education2___voLTs Anna acy {ll READING AN OHMMETER Direction: Indicate the resistance reading of the ohmmeter below. Write your reading at the space provided. |Past | praper Pointer Position ELECTRICAL INSTALLATION MAINTENANCE. K to 12 - Technology and Livelihood Education Rxdk OHMS aDe mre Ac Proper Pointor Position W-375 s Proper Pointer Postion a ELECTRICAL INSTALLATION MAINTENANCE, K to 12 - Technology and Livelihood Education What is the reading? OHMS OHMS 2What is the reading? Red OHMS IV. ACTUAL READING OF VOLTMETER AND OHMMETER Directions: Using a voltohmmeter, measure the voltage of existing convenience outlats inside your room, voltage of a dry cell/battery, and resistance of resistors. Write your answer in the space provided Device/Component to be Measured First Second Third 1. Voltage of the outlets volts volts. volts: 2. Voltage of a dry cell/battery vols volts. volts. 3. Resistance of resistors ohms: ohms ohms ELECTRICAL INSTALLATION MAINTENANCE. K to 12 -'Technology and Livelihood Education 3iT Oy Congratulations! You did a great job! Rest and ~, relax a while then move on to the next lesson. Good luck! Philippine Electrical Code. Year 2000 Edition. Cardenas, Elpidio. 1989, Fundamental and Elements of Electricity. Philippines:National Bookstore. Enriquez, Michael Q., Gantalao, Fred T. and Lasala, Rommel M. 2004, Simple Electronics. Philippines: Andes Mountain Printers, Velasco, Benjamin S. 1984, Electronic Components Testing Simplified Philippines: National Bookstore: 1994. http://sam.dgs.ca, gow/TOC/3800/3861.htm hitp://electrical.about,convod’electricaltools/ipitop 16electricaltools,him ELECTRICAL INSTALLATION MAINTENANCE 74 K to 12 ~‘Technology and Livelihood EducationInterpret Technical Drawings and Plans TESENING OUTCOMES: s lesson, you are expected ta LO 1. analyze signs, symbols, and data; and LO 2. interpret technical drawings and plans. ELECTRICAL INSTALLATION MAINTENANCE 18 K to 12 - Technology and Livelihood EducationDefinition of Terms Ampere (|) - the unit of electrical current (coulombs per second) Caution - indicates some precautionary measures against potential hazardous situations which, if not avoided, may result to a minor or moderate injury Danger - specifies hazardous situation which, if not avoided, will result in serious injury or even death Isometric - a kind of drawing which shows the object in 3 dimensional views Joule (J) - a metric unit of energy: watt per second. 1 Kw hr= 2,655,000 fib = 1.341 hpshr = 3413 Btu = 3,600,000 joules Kilovolt-ampere (KVA) - a measurement of apparent electric power Kilowatt hour (Kwhr) - a unit of electrical energy or work performed Ohm - the unit of electrical resistance (volts‘ampere) Orthographic - a drawing which shows the front top and side view of the object Volt (V) - the unit of electric pressure or electromotive force which will produce a current of 1 ampere through a resistance of 1 ohm ‘Watts (W) and kilowatts (KW) - are units of electric power ————— ELECTRICAL INSTALLATION MAINTENANCE 76 K to 12 ~‘Technology and Livelihood EducationLEARNING OUTCOME 1 Analyze signs, symbols, and data PERFORMANCE STANDARDS + Electrical symbols and signs are identified according to jab specifications. * Electrical symbols and signs are determined according to classification or as appropriate in drawing, Materials/ Resources 1. Qslo paper 5. Electrical symbols 2. Drawing pencil 6. Various company’ industry warning signs 3, Ruler 7. Carolina 4, Black pen 8, Iustration board What Do You Already Know? ( Let us determine how much you already know about analyzing signs, symbols and data, Take this test. 7 ‘Analyze signs and symbols @. Directions: Match the electrical symbols in Column A with the corresponding description in column B. Write the letter of your answer in the space pravided Column A Column B a ae a, Push button 2 > b. Switch ——3. = ¢. Wires connected a oli <. ncandescent lamp ELECTRICAL INSTALLATION MAINTENANCE 7 K to 12 - Technology and Livelihood Educatione. Battery b Identify the meaning of each sign enumerated below, Write your answer in the space provided. Now check your answers using the Answer Key. If you got 90-100% of the items correctly, proceed to the next Learning Outcome. If not, do the next activities to gain knowledge and skills required for mastery. —— ELECTRICAL INSTALLATION MAINTENANCE 78 K to 12 ~‘Technology and Livelihood EducationWhat Do You Need To Know? Read the Information Sheet 1.1 remember and how much you learned by doing Information Sheet 1.1 —_ Electrical Symbols are small drawings or piclograms used to represent various electrical devices in a diagram or plan of an electrical circuit. These symbols are used in skeiching schematic diagrams and electrical plans for numerous types of electrical works. Practically any electrical fixture found in a house has a symbol that coincides with a particular fixture in an electrical wiring diagram. These are useful guides for an electrician or electrical contractor, and make the wiring easier to install as well. IMMON ELECTRI YM The following are common electrical symbols used in sketching wiring plans and diagrams. ‘Symbel Description ‘Symbol Description ConductorWire Ammeter — Terminal Voltmeter Galvanometer +, Switch oo oN Fuse Wattmeter Connected Wires Wires Not Connected Push Button ET P|? ¢ ¢ of, Cireuit Breaker =| - Cell 4 1D Bell OO ELECTRICAL INSTALLATION MAINTENANCE. 79 K to 12 ~ Technology and Livelihood EducationTHIF Sater qt /) Suzer AAA Resistor =<] 4c Capacitor an Antenna —— wD Diode: Male plug i Ground Speaker Service Entrance (3 wires) Lightning Arrester Duplex Gonvenience Outlet Kilowatt-Hour Meter Range Outlet Power Panel Board al Ha Lighting Panel Board Special Purpose Outlet © | de [dh kdb ‘Weatherproof Outlet Incandescent Lamp Floor Outlet Fluorescent Lamp S Single Pole Switeh ELECTRICAL SIGNS ‘Your pewer tool with its manual may contain “Warning Icons." A warning icon in a picture symbol intended to alert you, and/or to instruct you how to avoid a potentially hazardous condition. Knowing and understanding these symbols will help you operate your tools better and more safely. —— ELECTRICAL INSTALLATION MAINTENANCE 80 K to 12 ~‘Technology and Livelihood EducationElectrical signs and stickers alert students, workers, and visitors to electrical hazards in the area. Alerting workers to high voltage areas, electrical hazards, power lines and other electrical equipment in the area can help prevent fires and injuries. Proper electrical signs can inform workers of the dangers in the area. CAUTION indicates some precautionary measures against potential hazardous situations which, if nat avoided, may result in minor or moderate injury. SAFETY ALERT indicates that a person should observe extra awareness. PROHIBITION means that any activity stated by the symbol is not allowed. DANGER specifies hazardous situation Which, if not avoided, will result in serious injury or even death. WARNING specifies @ potentially hazardous situation which, if not avoided, could result in serious injury or even death READ AND UNDERSTAND INSTRUCTION MANUAL means that a person should do some reading before doing any activity. WEAR EYE PROTECTION indicates that a person should wear safety goggles or any related protection for the eyes. ELECTRICAL INSTALLATION MAINTENANCE. K to 12 ~ Technology and Livelihood Education 81A.DANGER HIGH ELECTRICAL HAZARD indicates that VOLTAGE electrical hazard is present in the area. KEEP OUT VOLTAGE DANGER indicates high voltage in the area and surrounding equipment. How Much Have You Learned? Self-Check 1.1 Analyze electrical symbols and signs. A. Directions: Match the electrical symbols in Column A with their corresponding descriptions in Column B. Write the letter of your answer in the space provided. Column A Column B ee a, Push button 2 b. Switen 3. [] c. Wires connected AllliF d. Incandescent lamp e. Battery ELECTRICAL INSTALLATION MAINTENANCE 82 K to 12 -‘Technology and Livelihood Education8. Directions: Fill out the grid with at least five (5) electrical symbols and write their descriptions. ‘Symbols Description Refer to the Answer Key. What is your score’ SO ELECTRICAL INSTALLATION MAINTENANCE. 83 K to 12 ~ Technology and Livelihaod EducationHow Do You Apply What You Have Learned? ‘Show that you learned something by doing this activity. Activity Sheet 1-1 a. Directions: Locate and box the different efectrical signs below. E 1 [HTH] p/BlolololoTR) x|o|z|2z] 0] -|-]c] >] o] x! 2) | =| |x| col x] >| | x| 3] x! 0) |) _] a} col ol coo] 3] x] 2] x] x z/olz|z/z\o)=/z)a|0)0/ 0 || m| | >| <| a] m| a] >| | =| <9} 0] 0] 0] | Oo} S| x| >| >| 0} >| 2] >| ><] ><] ><] mm] ><] >] ><} >| =| o|-|ale}e}e}e}ol/| =| «|| «| @| | @| 2] —| 2} 20] >| =| 04] a|>|al-]-|-|_]2]-]2/ alo olajalele|e|2le}_lelala| of a|ale]e|-|efe| ||| m| | | | x] ><] ><] H] >| >| cal cn] on] b. Directions: Draw the electrical signs of the following in the space provided: 1. Safety alert 2. Prohibition 3. Voltage danger 4. Warning 5, Electrical hazard ELECTRICAL INSTALLATION MAINTENANCE K to 12 ~‘Technology and Livelihood Education 84LEARNING OUTCOME 2 Interpret technical drawings and plans PERFORMANCE STANDARDS Necessary tools, materials and equipment are identified according to the plan. Components, assemblies or object are recognized as per job requirement. Dimensions and specification are identified according to job requirements. Materials/Resources . Bulb receptacles -4 pes. Toggle switch- 2 pes. Electrical lay-out Ruler pone —W TY ELECTRICAL INSTALLATION MAINTENANCE. 85 K to 12 - Technology and Livelihood EducationCa What Do You Already Know? | Let us determine how much you already know about interpreting technical drawings and plans. Take this test. Pretest LO2 Directions: Below is a drawing of an electrical plan, Enumerate the number of ‘outlets, bulbs, one-gang switches, two-gang switches, and three-gang switches. Number of electrical fixtures found in the electrical plan ELE Lamp o Duplex convenience outlets Single gang switches "| Two gang switches | Three gang switches: Now check your answers using the Answer Key. If you got 90-100% of the items correctly, proceed to the next Learning Outcome. If not, do the next activities to gain knowledge and skills required for mastery. ELECTRICAL INSTALLATION MAINTENANCE, 86 K to 12 -'Technology and Livelihood EducationCe What Do You Need To Know? Read the Information Sheet 1.1 very well then find out how much you can remember and how much you leamed by doing Self-check 1.1. Information Sheet 2.1 = ELECTRICAL WIRING DIAGRAM The flow of current in.a conductor or wire can be represented in a diagram. There are two types of diagrams: pictorial diagram and schematic diagram. A. Pictorial diagram is a sketch of electrical circuit that shows the external appearance of each component. It is much like a photogragh of the circuit and uses simple images of parts. ‘Sample pictorial diagram of one builb controlled by single pale switch using 9 volt batlery source, B. Schematic diagram is a sketch showing the ‘components of the circuit using slandard electrical symbols. It shows the actual number of componérits and how the wiring is routed but not the actual location —————— eee ELECTRICAL INSTALLATION MAINTENANCE. a7 K to 12 - Technology and Livelihood Educations\Load/Lamp re? Pathe Current +. ‘Controls Switch Diagram A Diagram B Sample schematic diagrams of one bulb controlled by single pale switch using direct ‘current (Diagram A) and alternating current (Diagram B) source. C. Types of Circuit 1. Series Circult is a circuit in which lamps are arranged in a chain, so that the current has only one path to take. The currents the same through each load. An example of this is Christmas light/bulbs. It consists of a number of bulbs that are connected side by side to meet the voltage requirement which is 220 volts for alternating current. Schematic diagram of three bulbs connected in series controlled by a single pole switch. —_—_—_—_—_—_——— OOOO OOOO ELECTRICAL INSTALLATION MAINTENANCE, 88 K to 12 -'Technology and Livelihood Education2. Parallel Cireuit is a circuit in which lamps are connected across the wires, The voltage across each load on a parallel circuit is the same. The advantage of using parallel circuit is that even if one of the lamps fails, the remaining lamps will still function, Pictorial diagram of two bulbs connected in parallel circuit controlled by a single pole switch, Schematic diagram of three bulbs connected in parallel circuit controlled by a single pole switch. ELECTRICAL PLAN Electrical plamis a graphical presentation of electrical wiring connections to install in a particular house or building. It indicates the position of electrical fixtures such as convenience outlets, switches, lightings, door bells, and others to be installed ‘Sample electrical plan of single family dwelling —_—_—_—_——___ ELECTRICAL INSTALLATION MAINTENANCE. 89 K to 12 - Technology and Livelihood EducationNumber of electrical fixtures found in the electrical plan: QUANTITY [ELECTRICAL FIXTURES Bpieces | Lamp outlets Bpieces | Duplex convenience oullets @pieces | Single gang switches Tpiece Two gang switchas: T piece Three gang switches ELECTRICAL INSTALLATION MAINTENANCE, K to 12 ~Technology and Livelihood Education 90