a, 4. 1 % 10. Il. ic: The Reproductive System their own kind to maintain the continuity of their , Juction involves a single ingle pie and sexual. Asexual repro¢ n sexual reproduction two parents in-thedasfspring t « while Oogenesis is the process of formatig umber is half of the normal reproduce es — Asexual nd_no variatio .d and variations are anisms All living Reproduction is of two tyP without involving gametes 2 involved, gametes are produce ns are SJ rm! the process of production of ¥P} chromosome ni Spermatogenesis is re produced by meiosis and (i of ovum. Gametes al somatic cells. testes, ducts, accessory glands and th ‘atain seminiferpbs tubules. Tests ‘The Male reproductive system consists of @ jr « copulatory organ, penis. Teste produce sperms and sex horypofies, 8 ite of spermatogenesis. cells that regulates the Testosterone is the mal iced by the Intersititial Epididymis stores the sperm tempora a\the sperms become motile. It is a coiled It is the site for maturation of mkove the testis and continues Sewn on its late! I purface. 2 Yirkcn carries sperms from the epididymis 1 .d SMerms. Cutting and ligation of the vas deferens'* surgical method of sterilization called as Vasectom} ypated gland present between the posterior surface of # luces a fluid which activates the sperms and serves 3! Cowper’s gland ope! to the urethra just before it enters the penis. It produces a mucoid fu which helps in lubricatig Prostrate Gland is located surrounding the urethra its origi : land is locat close to its origin fro1 ees? white alkaline fluid which helps to neutralize the acidity of the feral Se ed Pa ‘Semen is a mixture of sperms and the secretio Se ea poclObied eee tere ee al the axetsory glands. Penis is the copulate? is the Jamel : pam ise ele gamesion reproductive cell Since¥ftles are:beterogamnetic hell of Ine pee ever a 4 rer half hay Y chromosome. It is a motile microscopic gamete: modified Golgi body. The tad Ae CnC ad) Thea teas ogntalns. scant which eee eof ihe euintait ia rg ae neuen Sia hyaluronidase which helps to disohs Inh, 18, Be ilization is the process of fusion of male Care fT , ae zygote. ZyB0te is the fenilized ege cand the female gamete to form a diploid product called asthe haploid gametes, The elon ents {tS ell produced and is diploid. tis produced by the fusi 'osome number is restored during fertilisation. In the human female the fallopian tube or the oviduct is the site of fertiizatns qhe zygote divides to form the morula due to cell divisions sage of the zygote. The morula further divides to form the cavity is called as a blastocyst. Implantation takes p that take place in it. It is the 16 celled blastula, The blastula on developing a lace at this stage, Large ponies le are produced as many do not have enough energy to swim upto the ovum. Many are killed by the acidic environment of the vaginal tract. Many enter the wrong fallopian tube orare caught in the fluid currents of the uterus. Some maybe reproductive tract may be engulfed by the cells in the female Female goes system consists of a pair of aries, fallopian tubes, uterus, vagina and external genitalia. Ovaries produce ova/ovum the fenfale reproductive cell and female sex hormones (Oestrogen and progesterone). Uterus is an inverted pear shaped muscular struct endometrium. It is the site of implantation. The month starting from Menarchy 3 ‘The innermost wall of the uterus is called as pregnancy every dure and increasing its blood supply. Cervix is, erus. The vagina is the site fend of the birth canal. The female ovary contains a nu} gets surrounded by a sac like structure called as the follicle or th\p dial follicle matures to form a Graafigy The mei Menarche is the onset of menstruation ina youn fruation. The menstrual cycle can be divided into the leding from the vaginal tract. The endometrium is sues and the unfertilized ovum is released as menses The ovarian follicle matures to form the Graafian follicle. The follicular Follicular pha rare selease Opskogen which increases the thickness of the endometrium preparing it fora possible pregndge) Prompted by reduced progesterone levels. ! in the amount of luteinising hormone at approximately the middle Sea ci o the rapture of the Graafian follicle. This is termed as ovulation and isa characteristic feature of the ovulatory phase releasing the ovum converts into a yellow mass of he Corpus luteum. The corpus luteum releases progesterone which jum and prevents the maturation of another foll * Luteal phase- The Graafian follicle after endocrine tissue called as t bi maintains the thickness of the endom20. 21. 22. 25. 26. Ze 10th LOTT The process of attachment of the blastocyst to the inner walls of the uterus scone as implang, while the period of complete intrauterine development of the embryo is termed as gestation, 7 process of child delivery or child birth is called as parturition. ‘Amnion is a thin double membrane enclosing the embryo in the uterus. Inside which is presen t amniotic fluid. The fluid protects the developing embryo against shocks, jerks or external injury prevents sticking of the embryo to the amnion and allows for restricted movement of the foetus, Placenta serves as nutritive organ and respiratory exchange between the foetus and the mother, Umbilical cord attaches the developing foetus with the placenta. The placenta serves for 4, diffusion of oxygen and nutrients from the mother to the foetus and carbon dioxide and waste fro, the foetus to the mother. Certain antibodies, certain ibiotics and viruses can also cross th placenta to enter the body of the foetus. Umbilical Cord represents the vascular connectjoy between mother and foetus. Through this cor, two arteries and a vein pass which transport bloddto and from the embryo or foetus, i.e., it connecs the embryo or foetus with the placenta. The period of complete intrauterine developmen\\oK\the foetus is termed as gestation. It is alo described as the time taken for the full term developendof the foetus in the ut Functions of Placenta: a) _It produces the during pregn: single zygote and are always of the same se wf zygotes and may or may not be of the same s** lentify the chromosomal abnormalities in the foets ! fal disorders. It can be mi iagnosis leading to femal&yféeticide. in be misused for foetal sex diagn‘ASHISH’S BIOLOGY CLASSES ql @ u Qs % Board Questions: The Reproductive System Choose the correct alternative from the given options: ;) The site of maturation of human sperms is th a) seminiferous tubule b) interstitial c) epididymis d) prostate gi ii) The technical term for the fertilised egg i a) placenta b) zygote d) ovum iii) The onset of menstruati a) ovulation jenogenesis ii) iii) wv) y) vi) fe scrotum just before birth in a vii) the teMes. viii) eaya cycle in a woman aged 50 years. ix) facenta with the foetus. the following on the basis of what is mentioned within the bracket: ) Corpus calldyuby and corpus luteum (Function) State the exact location Of: ))Seminal vesicle ii) Prostate gland _iii) Seminiferous tubules iv) Amnion ¥) Uterus vi) Ovaries State the main function of: Sperm duct ii) Seminiferous tubule _jii) Corpus luteum _iv) Seminal vesicle Sdtect the odd one out of the following terms given below. And also write the category iy" Temaining terms: ) Cowper's gland, urethral gland, lachrymal gland. seminal vesicles, prostate gland ae eaeTTT sms. Rearrange the terms so as to be in logical sequence; urethra, epididymis, vas deferens \d uterus ii) Ovary, ureter, fallopian tube a Q7 Given below is the set of five ter i) Seminiferous tubule, pen ii) Vagina, ovary, uterus, oviduct, cervix iii) — Luteal phase, follicular phase, menstrual phase, ovulatory phase iv) Implantation, parturition, ovulation, gestation, fertilisation ¥) Implantation, fertilisation, ovulation, gestation Q8 Given below isa set of term in logical sequence, representing a process of a function, one term is incorrect. Identify the incorrect term ace it with the correct term: Seminiferous tubule + Sperm —> Sperm duct — \ds + Semen—+ Ureter r false. If false, rewrite the correct Q9 State whether the following statements are tr statement by changing the first or last word o1 i) Gestation is the process of fixing of the zy ii) Process of fusion of the sperm nucleus and the i to the uterine wall. nucleus is termed implantation. Q.10 Explain the term parturitio Q.11 Account for the follow; Q.12 Complete the following state choice given the bracket. The site fertilisation in the human QU3 Copy al s 1 to 5 with appropriate words: The hum: An the ovary is present in a sac of cells called flicle enlarges and gets filled with a fluid and is now cM) &. process of releasing the egg from the fcked up by the oviducal funnel and fertilisation ovary is called takes place in the week the blastocyst gets fixed in the endometrium (). Q.14 Given alongside is a\yidgram of the lateral section of a testis of a man. Study the same and answer the questitn§ that follow: Label the parts A and B of the diagram. ‘State the functions of the parts labelled A and C. What is the significance of the testes being located in the scrotal sac outside the abdomen? iv) What is the role played by the inguinal canal? v) What is semen?TIT TO diagram given alongsi jg. Study the d 8 ongside and answer the questions that follow: iy Name the par labelled A. Name any yo Se - hormones produced by the labelled part A ii) _ What happens to the part labeled B B a) If fertilisation takes place. , b) If fertilisation does not take place? gh iii) _ Where does fertilisation occur? Us The diagram given alongside represents the vertical section of the female reproductive i) Label the part indicated by the guidelines A ji) _ How does the uterus prepare itself for thetrd of a zygote? iti) What happens in the uterus if fertilisation place? iv) What happens to the utey to take place? Q17 Given below are diagy i) ii) ab) romosome number of the egg and zygote in humans. i) Explain the ‘Gestation’. How long does Gestation last in humans? ’) Draw a neat, INbeled diagram of a mature human sperm. us The diagram shown alofgside is the lateral section of a testis of man, Study it carefully and “NsWer the questions that follow: i) ii) Label the parts A to D of the diagram. State the functions of the parts labelled A and B. ") Draw a labelled diagram of a sperm. ik —_—__——_———- 341Quis Q21 Given alongside is a diagrammatic represen reproductive system. i) Redraw the same on your answer sheet and then fill in and label the following parts a) Right ovary b) Uterus ©) Embryo d) Amnion e) Oviducal funnel ii) State the main function of the a) Placenta b) Amniotic fluid iii) Using the symbol “X’ indicate the region ffne diagram Where fertilisation occurs iv) Differentiate between identical twins and frajernal twins The diagram given below represents a system in answer the following questions: Identify the systeyh, i) ered 1 to 3 in the diagram, ii) In which part ohh testis are the sperms produced? iii) State the functions of the parts labelled 1 and 3 in the diagram. iv) Name the cells that secrete Testosterone, vy) _ Drawancat, labelled diagram of a sperm.par ; f Ta Q.22. The diagram given below is that of a developing human foetus. Study the diagram an then answer the questions that follow: i) Label the parts numbered 1 to 3 in the diagram. ii) Mention any two functions of the part labelled 2 in the diagram. iii) Explain the significance of the part numbered 3 in the diagram. iv) Define the term ‘Gestation’. What is the normal gestational period of the developing human embryo? v) Mention the sex chromosomes in a male and female embryo. Q.23. The diagram given below shows the male uringggnital system of a human being. Study the diagram and answer the questions that follow: ii) Name the correspon, iii) What is the role/of pa Q24 The diagh that folloy i) ii) two functions ® \ in the diagram. iii) i \ghificance of the part diagram. iv) Qestation’. What is the normal gestation’ embryo? 5 v) Mention the sex chromosomes in the male and female embryo.