Scribd
Upload
10 views

Key Words and Notations

The document defines common mathematical notations used in subjects like algebra, calculus, set theory and logic. It provides definitions and examples for notations like addition, subsets, quantifiers, limits and derivatives.

Uploaded by

Stephen sailing
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
10 views

Key Words and Notations

The document defines common mathematical notations used in subjects like algebra, calculus, set theory and logic. It provides definitions and examples for notations like addition, subsets, quantifiers, limits and derivatives.

Uploaded by

Stephen sailing
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 2

Common Notations

N - The Set of natural numbers.


Z - The set of integers.
Q - The set of rational numbers.
R - The set of real numbers.
C - The set of complex numbers.
a + b - a plus b.
a − b - a minus b.
ab - a times b.
a
b
- a over b.
a ≥ b - a is equal or greater than b.
a ≤ b - a is equal or less than b.
a = b - a equals b.
|a| - The absolute value of a.
ab - a to the power of b, or a to the b. b is also called the exponent of a.
a2 - a squared.
√ - a cubed.
3
a
√ a - Square root of a.
√
3
a - Cube root of a.
n
a - root of order n of a, or the n'th root of a.
a - Inverse element of a, or reciprocal.
−1
n
ai - Sum of ai 's where i varies from 1 to n. The letter is called "Sigma".
P P
i=1
n
ai - Product of ai 's where i varies from 1 to n.
Q
i=1
n
k
- n choose k (binom's coecients).
a|b - a divides b with no remainder.
∀a - For all a, or for any a.
∃a - There exists a.
∃!a - There exists a unique a.
a ∨ b - a or b.
a ⊕ b - a exclusive or b.
a ∧ b - a and b.
¬a - Not a.
a ⇒ b - a implies b.
a ⇔ b - a implies b and b implies a, or a if and only if b.
A ⊆ B - A is a subset of B or equals the set B.
|A| - The cardinality of A (how many elements in A).
a ∈ A - a is an element of A.
A ∪ B - The union of A and B.
A ∩ B - The intersection of A and B.
A\B - A minus B, sometimes denoted by A − B .
A ⊕ B - The symmetric dierence of A and B, sometimes denoted by A4B .

1
Commonly used words

General
Addition, sum, subtraction, product, multiplication, division, partition, x times y, x over
y, x to the power of y, equation, inequality, statement, claim, proposition, theorem, proof,
to prove, to show, to denote, notation, collection, contradiction, direct, induction, combi-
natorics, implication, application, greater than, greater than or equal, less than, less than
or equal, x squared, x cubed, square root of x, cube root of x, root of order n of x, as-
sumption, suppose, possibility, probability, identity, triangle, trivial, formula, diagonal, to
declare, denition, even, odd, divisible, remainder, observation, property, innity, prime,
composite, remark, fundamental, theorem, arithmetic, to compute, to provide, counter,
counter example, participate, process, for instance, because, since, positive, negative, ob-
vious.
Set theory
set, rational, irrational, natural, integer, real number, subset, contains, element, proper
subset, yields, union, intersection, diagram, dierence, complement, symmetric, double,
relation, domain, codomain, range, image, assign, represent, map, curve, graph, source,
distinct, separate, to compose, invertible, inverse, to construct, to suggest, indicate, piece-
wise, elementary.
Mathematical logic
for all, for any, for every, there exists, hypothesis, sucient condition, necessary condition,
to compose, to decompose, value, table, conjunction, disjunction, operator, binary, ex-
clusive, inclusive, negation, conditional, biconditional, contra-positive, inverse, converse,
algorithm.
Calculus
index, indices, interval, input, output, variable, dependent, independent, generally, for-
mal, non-formal, intuitive, limit, sequence, series, common, phenomenon, to approxi-
mate, distance, innitely many, increasing, decreasing, monotonic, descending, ascend-
ing, draft, arbitrarily, tends to, approaches to, neighborhood, punctured interval, bound,
upper bound, lower bound, continuous, dierentiable, removable, essential, derivative,
slop, gradually, pointwise, convergence, divergence, chain, primitive function, denite,
indenite, integrable, trigonometric.

You might also like