TRAS HED Lesson 3 .

2
COMMUNICATION
Let’s watch!
1. Watch the video and then discuss the following questions.
https://youtu.be/yg0UlnEjVH4?list=PLzJdoGQO6khubF-EHKJzwy8YsqP1casnt
a. Do people really know how much waste we produce?
b. What does garbage affect?
c. Where can we see the evidence of all garbage we produce?
d. Has plastic waste increased in the last years? How much?
Give examples of plastic waste.
e. What’s the meaning of “blanket ban”?
f. What does “land-based sources” refer to?
g. What main item of pollution do they talk about?
h. What’s the problem in countries like Indonesia?
Continue watching the video in groups and make 10 more questions you would ask your classmates about the information
given in the rest of the video. When you finish, you will exchange questions with other groups, discuss about them and
GROUP debate on:
WORK • The current situation in the world as regards trash and environment, and how much harm we are causing by
producing so much waste.

GRAMMAR
Too and Enough
Word order with too and enough
• Too goes before an adjective or adverb.
e.g. Claire doesn’t want to marry Henry. She thinks he’s too old.
Nike are in trouble. The company reacted too slowly to the rise in prices.
• Enough goes after an adjective or adverb.
e.g. The water isn’t hot enough. It needs to be boiling.
You didn’t put the screws in tightly enough.
• Too many, too much and enough go before a noun.
e.g. No wonder you’re tired. You’ve been going to too many parties.
Andrew spends too much time working.
There will be fifteen people for coffee. Do we have enough cups?
• We use many with a plural noun and much with an uncountable noun.
Compare these examples with “enough”
After an adjective: The coffee isn’t strong enough.
Before a noun: You didn’t put enough coffee in.
We leave out the noun if the meaning is clear without it.
e.g. Just add a little water. Not too much.
We’ll need fifteen cups. Do we have enough?

Other structures with too and enough

• We can use a phrase with for after too or enough.
e.g. These puzzles are too difficult for children.
This coat isn’t warm enough for winter.
• We can also use a to-infinitive.
e.g It’s too dangerous to walk home at this time of night.
There are too many museums here to visit in a single day.

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Lesson 3 . 2
GRAMMAR
Too and Enough
Let’s practice!
1. Look at the pictures and write sentences with too and enough. Use the followring nouns and adjectives: big, gate,
long, low, plane, sweater, ruler, warm, water, wide.

• The sweater is too big. 1. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

• The ruler isn’t long enough. 2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
3. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

2. Look at what people are saying and complete the sentences. Use too, too many, too much or enough with these
words: clearly, complicated, difficult, expensive, food, hastily, mistakes, rain, sweet, traffic.
• You should have stopped to think first. You acted too hastily
• This quiz is rather easy. The questions aren’t difficult enough
1. Can I have some more sugar in my coffee, please? It isn’t . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
2. I can’t afford a new stereo. It would be . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
3. There’s a water shortage. There just hasn’t been . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
4. I can’t read your writing. You don’t write . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
5. Try to be more careful, please. You’re making . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
6. The roads are very crowded. There’s simply . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
7. I can’t understand these instructions. They’re . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
8. Thousands of people are starving because they can’t get . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

3. Comment on the situations. Use too or enough and a phrase with for or a to-infinitive.
• A taxi would have been best. But you didn’t have the money.
I didn’t have enough money for a taxi.
• Sarah can’t take a day off. She’s very busy.
Sarah is too busy to take a day off.
1. A picnic would be nice. But it’s wet.
...........................................................................................................
2. All your guests will need chairs. But you don’t have many.
...........................................................................................................
3. You couldn’t carry the equipment. You had such a lot.
...........................................................................................................
4. Natasha wants to be a professional musician. You think she’s very good.
...........................................................................................................

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 Lesson 3 . 2
GRAMMAR
Too and Enough
Let’s practice!
a. Take turns to choose a prompt and make a sentence using too or enough based on the information given.
1. Sarah should have finished her 3. Wayne wants to be a professional 5. It would be nice to live in the city
essay, but he didn’t have time. football player, but you think he’s center, but it’s expensive.
terrible at football.

2. It would be nice to swim in 4. Anna wants to go out with you, 6. Jane wanted to stay at the party
the sea, but it’s cold. but you don’t find her attractive. all night, but she was tired.

7. Frank wants to live with you, 8. It would be nice to go to the pub,

but your house is very small. but you’re under 18.

For example: Sarah didn’t have enough time to finish her essay.
1. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
3. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
4. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

b. Choose 5 words from the list and create sentences using too, too much, too many and (not) enough. They may take
form of slogans for a campaign to save the Environment or pieces of advice to take care of natural resources.
pollution - aerosols - tap running - energy - trash - litter - on/off - light bulbs - ultraviolet radiation -
industrial waste - climate change - disposable products - endangered species - deforestation - global warming

For example: You shouldn’t leave the tap running for too long; instead, open the faucets just when it’s necessary.
1. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
3. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

COMMUNICATION
Let’s watch!
1. Listen and complete.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5-cQ0IMw_Qo

a. Mankind has looked at climate change as if it . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

and as if it wasn’t . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
b. Every week we are seeing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .and undeniable . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
c. Droughts are . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . , oceans are . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . with methane,
West Antartic and Greenland ice sheet is . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . at unprecedented
rates decades ahead of . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..

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Lesson 3 . 2
COMMUNICATION
Let’s watch!
1. Watch, listen and complete.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=D9xFFyUOpXo
a. We’ve known about this . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
b. The problem seems to be . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . .
c. Leo:
“ The more I’ve . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . about this issue and everything that . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
to the problem the more I realized how much I . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ”
d. Paradise has been . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . and . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . .
e. Leo:
“ I just want to know how far we’ve . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . and if there’s anything
we . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ”
f. The USA has been the biggest emitter of . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
g. Leo: “ Half the people still in office don’t still . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .”
h. People are so arrogant to think they . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..
i. Environmental issues for mass demonstrations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
j. Leo: “ All I’ve . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . shows us that we have the means
of stopping this . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ”
k. Barack Obama: “ If we keep pushing, there’s . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .why we . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . this problem”
l. Leo: “ The world is now watching, we ask . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . .

GRAMMAR
Used to, be used to, get used to and would
Used to
• Used to + verb infinitive refers to a habit or state in the past. It is used only in the past simple tense.
Past habits
If you used to do something, you did it for a period of time in the past, but you don't do it any more.
e.g. We used to live in Japan when I was a child.
I used to walk to school every day when I was a child.
Past states
We also say used to to express a state that existed in the past but doesn't exist now. States are NOT actions.
We express states with stative verbs such as have, believe, know, like, etc.
e.g. I used to like The Beatles, but now I never listen to them.
He used to have long hair, but now it’s very short.

Be used to
• If you are used to something, you have often done or experienced it; it is not strange, new or difficult for you. It is used in
all tenses.
Structure: Be used to + noun phrase or verb (-ing form)
e.g. Be used to –ing: I am used to getting up early in the morning. I don't mind it.
We can also say be used to someone.
e.g. I don’t think Tom’s strange – I’m used to him.

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 Lesson 3 . 2
GRAMMAR
Used to, be used to, get used to and would
Get used to

• Get used to + noun phrase or verb (-ing form) indicates the process of something becoming normal. It is used in all tenses.
e.g. I'm finding this new job hard but I'm sure I'll get used to it soon.
It took my mother years to get used to living in London after moving from Pakistan.

Would

• The use is similar to used to… but it’s used to refer to repeated actions only (not states)
e.g.
I would bike to school every day when I was in primary school.

Let’s practice!
a. Choose the correct options to complete the sentences.
1. Susan gets used to being / is used to being / used to be a nurse. Now she is a doctor.
2. Helen is used to playing / would use to play / used to play tennis when she was a little girl.
3. He’s trying to used to live / get used to living / would live in this new city.
4. Dave is used to go / gets used to going / would go to work by train, but now he has a brand new car!
5. Sarah is used to liking / would like / used to like playing with dolls not long ago.
6. Rachel has just moved from Cuba to Alaska. She is getting used to / is used to / used to the cold weather.
7. He comes from a really hard-working family. That’s why he is used to getting / would getting / gets used to getting up
early in the morning.
8. I used to / was getting used to / was used to going to bed late when I lived in Madrid.
9. Russian is really difficult. I never used to / will never be used to / will never get used to speaking that language.
10. Spanish is really difficult. I never used to / used to / will never get used to speaking Spanish.

b. Complete the sentences with the verbs in brackets.

1. Pablo is used to . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (live) in England.
2. It's difficult to get used to . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (live) in a foreign country.
3. I am used to . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (walk) several kilometres a day.
4. I am getting used to . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (walk) to work.
5. He used to . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. (live) in Paris.
6. She's used to . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (go) to bed late at night.
7. I'll never get used to . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (use) this computer.
8. She's used to . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (eat) very well.
9. I was used to . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (study) every night when I was young.
10. When I was little, I used to . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (eat) lots of sweets.
11. Did you use to . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (believe) in ghosts?
12. Are you getting used to . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (do) this?

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Lesson 3 . 2
GRAMMAR
Used to, be used to, get used to and would
Let’s practice!
c. For each of the following sentences, choose either used to or would. If both are possible, use would.
1. Do you remember how your uncle David . . . . . . . . . . . . . . sit in that chair and smoke those disgusting cigars.
2. Your mother . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . have a Yorkshire Terrier when she was a young girl, didn't she?
3. For years, they . . . . . . . . . . . . . . go on holiday to the Rockies, but then it became very fashionable and, hence, expensive.
4. Years ago, I . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . write a diary every day but then I got bored with doing it and I stopped.
Maybe it was my life that was boring!
5. At the start of their marriage, they . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . be very happy - but then it all went wrong!
6. You . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . spell so well. Whatever happened?
7. When I was five, I . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . be able to do incredible gymnastics. Now I can't even touch my toes.
8. Before getting my driving licence, I . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ride a bicycle everywhere.

COMMUNICATION
Let’s talk!
1. Answer the following questions in full paying attention to the patterns:
• Where did your family use to spend the summer? • Are you used to wearing flip-flops in the summer?
• Did you use to wear glasses at primary school? • Are you used to working in a team?
• Who would you play boardgames like Monopoli • Are you used to eating popcorn when you go to
or Ludo with? the movies?
• Do you know anybody who used to smoke and • What are you getting used to doing at the moment?
has given it up recently? • Are you used to speaking in public?
• Do you know anybody who used to take the bus • What can´t you get used to doing?
to work/ school and now he/she walks there? • How can you get used to speaking English outside the
• Is there anything you didn´t use to eat as a child classroom?
but now you like? • Are you used to cold weather? What do you like/hate
• Did you use to live in another place years ago? about it?
• Speak about somebody you didn´t use to like • Do you know anybody who is used to living in a big
much and why. house?
• Did you use to share your clothes with your • Do you know anybody who is getting used to living
family/friends? away from home? Why?
• Do you know anybody who used to work in a bar? • Do you know a retired person who can´t get used to
• Do you know anybody who used to wear a uniform having very little to do?
at work? • Who is used to spending hours in front of the computer
• Did you use to take the same size two years ago? in your house?
• Do you know anybody who used to have long hair • Do you know anybody who is getting used to “Twitter”
and who has cut it short now? or “Instagram”?
• Who would you phone every day when you were • Is any member of your family used to babysitting for
a teenager? the little ones?
• Who would you go out with a few years ago? • What kind of food can´t you get used to eating?

71