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Health and Safety Management Principles and Policy

Task 1:-
Type of Performance Objectives

Indus Coal Limited is reaching out to the voice of its customers by delving further into the
convenience food segment and adhering to their philosophy of offering superior taste and
quality. Planning strategy and goals in this era of fast paced life, execution of business
decisions has significantly been impacted through the use of technology. Planning,
analysis and strategy developments are now all dependent on the plethora of information
available. Correct usage of this information can impact and reward the outcome of
business results in the shape of growth, profits, market share and also the brand image
and perception a company portrays in the one large global market. Technology has
indeed transformed how we think and perform our tasks. Most of all it has unified markets
into a global village promoting direct interactions with customers and service providers.
Indeed, business is being executed at the speed of thought. Our journey to become a
leader in the power business in Pakistan and a major player in the international markets
has not come about without the use of technology. In fact our growth rate has been
sustained through the continuous usage and up gradation of technology when adapting
to modern management practices. Our brand today is ranked at number 2 positions out
of a total 3500 brands marketed and sold in Pakistan. Our brand new website showcases
all our categories and brands and in fact offers an opportunity to directly interact with us.
Although we produce branded multi category food items; the complex process of
manufacturing, supply chain management, quality assurance, research and
development, market research and brand marketing practices are heavily dependent on
the extraction and usage of data to make decisions. Our choice of using SAP applications
towards enterprise management has helped us reap many awards of excellence.
Technology is embedded in how we do business.

The Role of Performance Objectives and Targets

Performance targets are an amazing administration device that can assist with conveying
the sort of key changes that many developing organizations need to make. The high level
destinations of key arrangement can be executed through departmental objectives, and
setting targets dependent on Key performance pointers (KPIs) is a perfect method of
doing this. They are introduced with their product and sales and promotional plans. NFL
briefs them about the incentives they are going to offer them. They convince them about
the strength of their product. They know that TV is very effective media now days. NFL
can convey their message to all the prospects very effectively. Different ads and
commercials run at different times preferably during family programs (dramas). To use

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TV intensively is long term strategy, which will last the image of their product in the minds
of customers for a long span of time. PUBLIC RELATION AND PUBLICITY: Doctors are
invited in the TV advertisement. They will discuss about NFL`s product because this
product related to food so this could convince to the health conscious people. NFL
generates the idea about the product that how much it is necessary in people’s daily life.
Through this NFL will establish an effective link between their product and user. Their
relation campaign also targets different cooking schools to generate awareness about the
use of our product. NFL tries to make ladies their advocates. National food also arranges
different types of funfairs, Cat walks, Cooking competition, Kids show, singing competition
etc. to promote its products and invoke the interest among people. Middleman is of lot of
concern for the distribution of our product. Middle man involvement is necessary for our
product because our product is not that kind of in which we direct contact with end user,
so that’s why we need the role of middle man which specifies the role of our distribution
channel.

Our product is a consumer good. So our distribution chain is: This distribution chain is for
Karachi. In Karachi those wholesalers are selected who deal with the major markets and
big stores of all the parts of Karachi. This distribution chain are used outside Karachi for
different other cities.

Effective Health and Safety Management System & its Integration:

Integration proposes the strategy where exercises including planning and dynamic inside
an alliance are concentrated to a particular head or region. In an Integrated association,
the dynamic forces are held in the administrative concentration and every single other
office get orders from the significant office. The specialists and pros that pick principal
choices are orchestrated in the administrative core interest. A stunning incorporated
alliance structure offers the going with tendency:

 A connection benefits by an away from of solicitation considering the way that each
individual inside the association recognizes who to answer to Junior operators besides
recognize who to approach at whatever point they have worries over the alliance.
Then again, ranking executives follow an away from of apportioning ability to workers
who outperform wants in unequivocal cutoff points. The directors besides gain the
sureness that when they delegate commitments to mid-level boss and different
workers, there will be no spread. An away from of solicitation is important when the
alliance needs to execute choices rapidly and in an assembled way.
 Right when a connection follows an association structure, it can concentrate on the
satisfaction of its vision with no issue. There are away from of correspondence and
the senior authority can give the connection's vision to workers and guide them
towards the accomplishment of the vision. Without an association, there will be
inconsistencies in moving the message to delegates considering the path that there

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are no away from of force. Arranging the association's vision from the top ponders a
smooth execution it's had consistently needed and methods. The association's
accessories, for example, clients, providers, and systems comparably get a uniform
message.
 An association holds rapidly to standard structures and methods that manage the
connection, which help lessen office and authoritative expenses. The fundamental
manager is housed at the affiliation's legitimate concentration or base camp, and in
this manner, there is no need for giving more divisions and gear to different branches.
In addition, the connection doesn't have to tie down additional expenses to use
geniuses for its branches since fundamental choices are made at the legitimate
concentration and sometime later offered to the branches. The away from of
solicitation diminishes duplication of commitments that may understand extra
expenses to the connection.
 In an Integrated association, choices are made by a bit of get-together of individuals
and a brief timeframe later conceded to the lower-level chief. The dedication of just a
few people picks the dynamic system consistently gainful since they can examine the
subtleties of every choice in one party. The choices are then given to the lower levels
of the relationship for execution. Regardless, if lower-level overseers are secured with
the dynamic strategy, the technique will take longer and clashes will rise. It will make
the usage procedure expanded and discovered considering the way that two or three
directors may examine the choices if their data is ignored.
 The normalized strategies and better organization in a connection acknowledge
improved nature of work. There are administrators in every division who guarantee
that the yields are uniform and of high check. The use of cutting edge gear diminishes
likely wastage from manual work furthermore ensures unprecedented work.
Normalization of work likewise diminishes the replication of undertakings that may
understand high work costs.

Use of Recording and Communication Systems

Health Record are health records living in an electronic structure unequivocally

anticipated information assortment, putting away, and control, and to give safe access to
finish information about patients. They are clinical choice assistance contraptions, offering
basic clinical data for the idea of patients. Health Record must include:

1. A longitudinal assortment of electronic health data for and about people

2. Smart electronic access to individual and individuals level data by supported, and
essentially certified, clients

3. Game-plan of information and choice assistance that improves the quality, flourishing,
and capacity of patient idea

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4. Backing of advantageous systems for health care development.

Paper records have several necessities, including in any case not limited to:
straightforwardness issues, deficient relationship of data, inadequacy and brokenness of
data, excess, security issues, challenges in reusing information, and clarity issues. EHR
offer different ideal conditions over paper records:

Openness: EHR can be used by more than each individual along these lines, and can
be gotten to from different areas.

Backing for different perspectives: EHR can offer various depictions revamp to user
explicit necessities. Clinical data is surprising, and the way where it is familiar with
suppliers impacts the way wherein they disentangle it.

Improved communication between suppliers: healthcare bundles are made out of different
individuals, and rely on satisfactory communication to make works out. EHR engage the
trading of data between teaming up suppliers.

Communication with impacted specialists: EHR can in like way improve

communication with chance affected experts. A making number of EHR are being related
with particular health records (PHRs) with this objective.

Information full scale: EHR can bolster the game plan of get-togethers and formats from
huge volumes of information.

Access to information bases: EHR give noteworthy access to information bases when
suppliers need it.

Integration with clinical choice really solid system (CDSS): one of the fundamental
explanations behind social event clinical information in a controlled way is to offer help
for clinical choices as material data, alarms and updates.

Communication Capacities

The Communication Service depicts communication as "building relationship with others,

tuning in and getting them, and passing on thoughts and messages obviously and
consummately; passing on things plainly and fundamentally, in propensities that others
can handle, and demonstrating attested information, intrigue and concern; joining these
perspectives to get change going".

Communication doesn't just need to occur with inside accessories, for example,
chairmen, officials, workers or their operators. Outside associates like way should be
spoken with, for example, accomplices, budgetary experts, theorists or completing
specialists.

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Stunning communication bolsters the improvement of positive relationship with all

accessories and can influence perspectives and practices basically indistinguishable from
health and security. The key objective of health and success communication is to give
basic, noteworthy and definite data, in clear and reasonable terms, to unequivocal
associates. This thusly can:

 promote care and valuation for the association of health and success comparably as
unequivocal peril issues
 promote consistency and straightforwardness in showing up at and executing H&S
chance association choices
 provide a sound reason behind understanding the association of health and security
inside the alliance
 improve the general possibility and capacity of the use of the association system
 contribute to the new turn of events and development of unbelievable data, heading
and learning openings
 promote trust and sureness among accessories in the health and security the board
structure
 strengthen the working affiliations and essential regard among all people in health and
success
 Exchange data on the information, perspectives, attributes, practices and impression
of contributed individuals concerning health and flourishing.

Evaluation of Health and Safety Management System

Company should monitor and measure hazards, risks, and controls at the workplace.
There are two primary purposes of monitoring and measuring. The first is to see if the
occupational health and safety management systems (OHSMS) is working as intended.
The second is to make sure any safety and health problems are identified and then fed
back into the OHSMS planning process with the goal of eliminating and/or controlling
them.

Identify and track leading indicators that predict risk as well as lagging indicators such as
injuries and illnesses. Leading indicators may include things like near-misses and more.
Monitoring and measuring may include some or all the following, plus possibly others:

• Workplace inspections
• Workplace testing
• Exposure assessments
• Injury, illness, and incident tracking
• Safety suggestions from employees
• Occupational health assessments

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Always perform these monitoring and measuring tasks in a manner that matches or
exceeds recognized industry standards or best practices, and always communicate
findings to relevant parties.

Recommendation for Future Developments

1. Develop a long-term strategy.

Efforts to create a national system of industrial assistance to improve the manufacturing

performance of smaller companies should recognize the importance of creating a
coherent system and not just increasing the number of assistance facilities and service
providers. Appropriate elements of centralized coordination and control, in conjunction
with decentralized and distributed management and direction, are needed to create an
efficient, comprehensive system of assistance resources.

2. Expansion should be governed by ''quality, not quantity.''

A national system of assistance can only be successful if it is supported by and responsive

to the customer base, and manufacturers will only support it if they believe the advice
they get is high quality. With the long-term objective in mind of providing access to
assistance for any manufacturer who wants it, the emphasis must remain on ensuring
that high-quality assistance is provided.

3. A national system of industrial assistance must strive for balance among local
responsibility, regional coordination, and national direction, support, and cohesion.

Task 2:-
Moral, Legal and Financial Need For Health and Safety Policies in an Organization

There is sound economic purposes behind diminishing business related mishaps and sick
health, just as moral and administrative reasons.

Economic Reasons

Other than lessening costs, compelling safety and health the board advances business
effectiveness. A large number of business related mishaps, bringing about over three
days off work are accounted for to the Health and Safety Authority every year. Business
related infections and sick health are increasingly hard to gauge because of their long
inactivity period yet bring about abundance of one million days lost at work every year.
These mishap and sick health cases are because of disappointments and insufficiencies
in the word related safety and health the executives in organizations.

Legal Reasons

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The Safety, Health and Welfare at Work Act 2005 (the 2005 Act) require all obligation
holders to guarantee, so far as is sensibly practicable, the safety, health and government
assistance of laborers and individuals from the general population and to oversee and
lead all work exercises so as to guarantee their safety, health and government assistance.
This requires all who have this legal obligation to be proactive in dealing with their safety,
health and government assistance duties and manage them in an orderly manner. This
segment should assist organizations with improving their safety and health execution by
giving exhortation on how safety and health ought to be overseen, and in the process
help them to consent to their legal necessities.

Moral and Ethical Reasons

The proactive administration of safety and health in the working environment assists
organizations with forestalling wounds and sick health at work. This direction should
assist organizations with diminishing the individual misfortune caused because of
mishaps and sick health at work.

The Workplace Health and Safety Management Guidance plans to offer pragmatic
guidance and suggestions on building up a word related safety, health and government
assistance the executives framework for bigger working environments, with an effectively
all around characterized the executives structure, which possibly at least one areas. The
words 'safety and health' are utilized all through the archive for compactness and are
planned to cover the safety, health and government assistance of representatives and
others at work because of work exercises.

Key Impacts of an Organization's Health and Safety Policies on a Range of

Stakeholders in the Organization

A few organizations don't give the assurance of their workforce the need it merits. This
could be down to an absence of information, aptitudes and inspiration, or restricted staff
assets. We know from past examination that cost is likewise a significant factor. A few
organizations consider they don't have the cash-flow to cause an appropriate interest in
health and safety and they to neglect to acknowledge how basic this venture is. Also,
barely any organizations quantify or comprehend the expenses of health and safety
disappointments and pass up significant chances to make enhancements. We accept this
is mostly a result of the test of setting up precisely how viable health and safety the
executives is identified with a wide scope of execution measures, from benefit to staff
turnover. Increasingly more exploration shows the economic worth and adequacy of good
health and safety the executives there is significantly less information about the effect it
has on representatives, their health and prosperity. So what improvement does putting
resources into health and safety the executives make to an organization's exhibition its
net revenue, staff turnover, days lost as a result of mishaps and sick health and the health

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and prosperity of its staff? We requested that they take a gander at a scope of parts and
diverse measured organizations, and to concentrate explicitly on how proactive health
and safety the executives influence organizations and the individuals who work for them.
The exploration had four key objectives:

 find out how unique estimated organizations, and organizations in various areas,
fluctuate with regards to their presentation (for instance net revenue, turnover and
infection nonappearance) and the perspectives, health and prosperity of their staff
 look at the effect of various ways to deal with health and safety the board on the
organization and its staff
 compare organizations in a similar area having various ways to deal with health and
safety the executives
 Identify instances of best practice.

A proactive way to deal with health and safety the board is useful for staff! Feeling
increasingly positive about organization’s safety atmosphere, work and the organization
it is connected to better health and prosperity.

 Organizations with a proactive way to deal with health and safety the board will in
general perform better as far as overall revenues, number of mishaps and days lost
on account of mishaps. Be that as it may, more exploration is needed to build up
critical connections.
 People's disposition to their activity and their impression of safety atmosphere can be
indicators of their health and prosperity.
 Good practice models show proactive health and safety the executives in real life.
 The Continuous Improvement Cycle structure used to classifications various ways to
deal with health and safety the executives gives a helpful instrument to health and
safety experts and others to decide the current status of health and safety the board
and to use as a stage for arranged improvement.

Organize Occupational Health with Safety

Organizations with a proactive way to deal with health and safety the board at times give
word related health administrations, yet in addition attempt to support a positive culture
around health. This was exhibited by one of the organizations from the open segment
and resistance industry in the exploration test, whose word related health staff have
endeavored to 'insert' their capacity in the cognizance of directors and staff as a positive
help for both work-and non-business related physical and mental health issues.

Information and Consultation Required For The Purpose Of Health and Safety
Policy Development

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A safety and health policy is a collected report which perceives that safety and health is
an essential piece of the organization's business execution. It is an announcement by the
organization of its goals and approach comparable to its general safety and health
execution and gives a system to activity, and for the setting of its safety and health
destinations and targets. The safety and health policy must:

 Be suitable to the dangers and dangers of the organization's work exercises and
incorporate a guarantee to secure, similarly as is sensibly practicable, its
representatives and others, for example, temporary workers and individuals from the
general population, from safety and health dangers related with its exercises.
 Include a pledge to consent to significant safety and health enactment, Codes of
Practice and rules, as a base.
 Provide a structure for estimating execution and guaranteeing constant improvement
by setting, examining and inspecting safety and health destinations and targets.
 Be recorded, comprehended, actualized and kept up at all degrees of the organization.
 Clearly place the administration of safety and health as a prime duty of line the
executives from the most senior official level to first-line administrative level.
 Cover worker safety and health consultation, safety advisory group gatherings where
they exist, specialist investment and safety portrayal and incorporates a pledge to give
suitable assets to actualize the policy.
 Provide for worker co-activity and consistence with safety rules and methodology.

Organizations accomplishing elevated requirements of safety and health create policies

that perceive the:

 commitment that safety and health can make to business execution by safeguarding
and creating human and physical assets, by diminishing expenses and liabilities, and
by communicating corporate duty.
 Need for pioneers to create fitting organizational structures and a culture that supports
hazard control and makes sure about the full cooperation of all individuals from the
organization.
 Requirement to asset and plan policy execution enough.
 Necessity of moving toward injury, sick health and misfortune anticipation by
methodically distinguishing dangers, evaluating and controlling dangers.
 Need for the organization to build up a comprehension of dangers and hazard control
and to be receptive to inward and outside change.
 Requirement to investigate and survey execution to gain as a matter of fact.
 Connection between characteristics, the earth, safety and health, and great
administration practice.

Objectives of a Health and Safety Policy Document

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A health and safety policy guarantees that the employer agrees to the Occupational
Safety and Health Act and important state enactment. It gives rules to setting up and
executing programs that will diminish working environment risks secure lives and advance
worker health.

A very much characterized policy on health and safety will help decrease the frequency
and reality of business related wounds. Fewer mishaps mean lower laborers'
remuneration costs, less personal time and expanded efficiency.

Extension

An organization policy recognizes the board and worker jobs in health and safety. It
accommodates a work site investigation to decide the nearness of dangers. It likewise
indicates peril counteraction and control systems, and diagrams required representative
preparing.

Obligations

Employers are responsible for protecting the working environment. Under the
Occupational Safety and Health Act, employers must advise representatives regarding
safety standards, give preparing, dispense with or diminish risks, and gracefully defensive
gear. They should perform tests in the working environment and keep up exact records.
Representatives must take a functioning part in protecting the work environment by
conforming to safety standards, rules and guidelines.

Critical Review of a Health and Safety Policy

Any firm utilizing multiple laborers is lawfully obliged to set up a composed articulation of
its Health and safety and carry this to all representatives consideration. The
announcement ought to contain a depiction of the organizations' safety organization (for
example name of organization safety officials, association agents, and data about the
safety advisory groups and subtleties of explicit caution frameworks, strategies for
announcing mishaps, offices and safety preparing. Health and safety at work act
necessitates that a safety policy be distributed and that there ought to be projects of
guidance and preparing to guarantee its commendation. Run of the mill organization
safety arrangements emphasize the general standards of the demonstration
communicating them in the organizations' unique circumstance. They should set out how
Health and safety will be advanced, arranged and controlled inside the area. Here safety
issues are tended to through a procedure of consistent improvement. There is a lawful
necessity to record all mishap coming about to loss of work time and different perils,
henceforth lessen the occurrence or effect. Each employer with more than five (5)
representatives is required to get ready and stay up with the latest composed
proclamation of the safety policy. This he adds mirrors the representative's responsibility

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to safety and Health at work. It ought to likewise show what standards of conduct are
focused on in Health and Safety. The policy explanation ought to be attracted to the
consideration all things considered. All representatives aside from those with fewer than
five workers are required to plan and distribute a composed proclamation of general policy
for Health and safety of representatives. Arrangement is likewise produced using
strategies to be consistently modified and such be imparted to staff. He further brings up
that in the plan of the policy the accompanying rule ought to be distributed:-

a. The announcement should set down wide policy standards which should then be
explained and deciphered as proper for the requirements of different organizational levels
and area.

b. The announcement should clarify the significance of health and safety precautionary
measure and the job of all representatives in keeping up a sheltered and healthy
workplace.

c. The announcement ought to pronounce the employer's expectation to give the most
secure and healthiest working conditions conceivable.

d. Rules and guidelines of explicit perils ought to be expressed. Subtleties of methods of

managing other regular perils, for example, machines safety watches and defensive attire
ought to be incorporated.

e. The announcement ought to distinguish the official liable for the satisfaction of the
policy along with others answerable for actualizing the policy.

f. A depiction of point consultative board of trustees for health and safety ought to be
incorporated along with other people who are individuals from such panels.

g. The executive’s expectation to accomplish a healthy and safe condition through

preparing and compelling oversight ought to be accentuated along with the board
proposition to accomplish such closures

H. Methodology for additional for additional detailing and recording of mishaps ought to
be depicted along with game plan for the examination and correspondence of mishaps
date to the board and safety advisory groups.

Internal and External Factors that Affect Occupational Health and Safety Policies
and Practice

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A health and safety policy is a fundamental document which is continually and as often
as possible evolving. Working environments are dynamic conditions which are
ceaselessly adjusting to changes including:

 Number of individuals utilized

 Substances and materials utilized
 New kinds of gear and advances in innovation
 The design of the shop floor and different structures nearby
 Health and safety authoritative necessities
 A noteworthy increment underway levels because of expanded demand

There is accordingly a need to constantly review the health and safety policy to guarantee
that it is as yet applicable, that it is as yet fit for reason, and that it doesn't contain data
which is so obsolete that it would really put individuals in danger in view of the
progressions that have occurred nearby since it was composed or last reconsidered.

Alongside the administration of a business constantly reviewing the health and safety
policy and making adjustments when vital, there will likewise be external effects on the
organization which will have an orientation upon the substance of the health and safety
policy beside the presentation of new - and revisions to existing - health and safety
enactment.

One such impact can emerge out of insurance agencies. Any suit claims which occur
because of deficient health and safety in the work environment may wind up costing the
protection supplier a lot of cash. All things considered, they will need to limit this chance
as much as possible by exhorting or demanding enhancements.

Another external impact is makers of items and hardware. They will understand their
merchandise superior to anybody, and so will likewise know the perils that they can
present whenever utilized, handled or put away inaccurately. Accordingly their
recommendation and direction is well worth tuning in to.

Once in a while the individuals who are near the business can turn out to be so drenched
in it that they neglect to see certain issues which can be spotted by a new pair of eyes
which are external to the organization. One such gathering is clients for those
organizations which have individuals from the open visiting the site all the time. They will
frequently draw issues out into the open, ideally before anyone endures a mishap, which
might not have been seen or considered by the board as risky. Numerous potential perils
that might be thought of as basic sound judgment to stay away from may at present need
tending to so as to adjust to health and safety enactment.

An organization may decide to connect with a health and safety consultancy organization
to play out a review or review of its health and safety systems and working practices.

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Their recommendations will end up being profoundly compelling with regards to

expanding the general degrees of safety inside the business, which will frequently
incorporate creation changes and corrections to the health and safety policy.

Recommend Actions for Organizational Practice Organizational condition signifies

internal and external natural factors affecting organizational initiates and dynamic. Each
organization, regardless of whether business or non-business, has its condition. The
organizational condition is consistently powerful and ever-evolving. Changes today are
so visit and each change brings such huge numbers of difficulties those administrators
and pioneers of the organization should be careful about the natural changes. Nature of
an organization comprises of its environmental factors anything that influences its
activities, well or ominously.

Condition holds onto such conceptual things as an organization's picture and such distant
obvious issues as monetary states of the nation and political circumstances. The
ecological powers abstracts and noticeable need cautious examination; the efficient and
sufficient investigation delivers the data essential for making decisions about what
technique to seek after.

Directors can't make proper and sound system basically dependent on their suppositions
and impulses. They should utilize important data that legitimately spills out of the
examination of their organization's condition. The internal condition by and large
comprises of those components that exist inside or inside the organization, for example,
physical assets, money related assets, HR, data assets, innovative assets, organization's
altruism, corporate culture and the like. The internal condition incorporates everything
inside the limits of the organization.

A portion of these are unmistakable, for example, the physical offices, the plant limit
innovation, exclusive innovation or skill; some are immaterial, for example, data handling
and correspondence abilities, prize and undertaking structure, execution desires, power
structure the executives capacity and elements of the organization's way of life. In view
of those assets, the organization can make and convey an incentive to the client.

Factors outside or organization are the components of the external condition. The
organization has no power over how the external condition components will take care of
business. The external condition grasps all broad ecological factors and an organization's
particular industry-related factors.

Health and Safety Policy Document

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A health and safety policy sets out general approach to health and safety. It explains how,
as an employer, will manage health and safety in business. It should clearly say who does
what, when and how. If have five or more employees, must write policy down. If have
fewer than five employees do not have to write anything down, but it is useful to do so.

Policy Should Cover Three Areas.

Part 1: Statement of Intent

State general policy on health and safety at work, including commitment to managing
health and safety and aims. As the employer or most senior person in the company,
should sign it and review it regularly.

Part 2: Responsibilities for Health and Safety

List the names, positions and roles of the people in business who have specific
responsibility for health and safety.

Part 3: Arrangements for Health and Safety

Give details of the practical arrangements have in place, showing how will achieve health
and safety policy aims. This could include, for example, doing a risk assessment, training
employees and using safety signs or equipment.

A Health and Safety Management System

The best health and safety management systems apply a common-sense approach
based on a thorough understanding of the specific hazards and risks the organization
faces on a daily basis.

This requires strong leadership and management, including the development of

appropriate business processes and emergency preparedness. It also takes a well-
trained, competent workforce operating in an atmosphere of trust. What’s more, a
consistent, sustained delivery approach is necessary.

A truly effective health & safety management system establishes and maintains a culture
of safety that permeates the entire organization. The attitude and behaviors of
management and workers must exhibit a strong commitment to a safer work environment,
or else the system will not produce the desired outcomes.

Health and Safety Management Systems Framework

• Identification of legal and other requirements

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• A clear structure for authority and responsibility

• Measurable objectives for improvement
• A structured approach to risk assessment
• A planned and documented approach to health and safety
• The monitoring of health and safety issues and auditing of performance

Health and Safety Management System Benefits

• A reduction in accidents and occupational ill health

• A reduction in stress and an increase in productivity
• A reduction in the likelihood of paying legal costs and compensation
• An improvement in underwriting risk

Designing Organizational Management System

A vital characteristic requisite for success is an efficient management system. A company

must plan, discuss, and assign roles to provide fluid leadership, embodied in the
management system, during the course of doing business. The operation and use of the
management system also have to be documented and broadcast throughout the
company so that all employees know what part they have in its implementation. Typical
management systems that accommodate these characteristics involve computerized,
networked systems with central databases. These types of systems allow each member
of the company to access and use information from various sources that may be required
to help develop plans, control hierarchies, and execute strategies.

Internal and External Relationships

A networked management system promotes better understanding among the internal and
external relationships that naturally evolve in the conduct of any business enterprise. A
system designer has to understand all the complex relationships among the people and
the information to create a system that can be successful at any level of organization.
Some of the most powerful factors in determining or defining a company’s culture are
those internal and external influences that emanate from customers and organizations
with whom a company must interact.

Actions to Improve Policy & Practice

The challenge is clear: to develop a process that is both resilient to the realities of the
policy making system and appropriate for meeting future challenges. This report sets out
the Institute’s proposals to meet that challenge.

First, we set a new approach for better policy making, which consists of two parts: a set
of ‘policy fundamentals’ that together constitute good process for policy development; and

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a set of roles for central government to perform as the policy is put into practice. These
are not discrete phases, but constantly inform each other.

Second, we set out the means of turning this vision into reality. These are the concrete
proposals for ensuring the vision is put into practice. They fall under five categories:
structures, controls, politics and the role of ministers, skills and culture.

Conclusion for Effective Health & Safety Policy

Good policy making can be seen as consisting of two parts: a set of ‘policy fundamentals’
that together constitute good policy development process; and a set of roles for central
government to perform as the policy is put into practice. Whereas in the past focus and
effort has been devoted to policy development, the move to system stewardship is likely
to involve a greater focus on the task of realizing policies in practice.

Our analysis of policy making identified seven elements that are integral to a good policy
development process:

• Goals. Has the issue been adequately defined and properly framed? How will the
policy achieve the high-level policy goals of the department – and the government as
a whole (with reference to the departmental ‘vision’, as stated in business plans)?
• Ideas. Has the policy process been informed by evidence that is high quality and up
to date? Has account been taken of evaluations of previous policies? Has there been
an opportunity or license for innovative thinking? Have policy makers sought out and
analyzed ideas and experience from the ‘front line’, overseas and the devolved
administrations?
• Design. Have policy makers rigorously tested or assessed whether the policy design
is realistic, involving implementers and/or end users? Have the policy makers
addressed common implementation problems? Is the design resilient to adaptation by
implementers?
• External engagement. Have those affected by the policy been engaged in the
process? Have policy makers identified and responded reasonably to their views?
• Appraisal. Have the options been robustly assessed? Are they cost-effective over the
appropriate time horizon? Are they resilient to changes in the external environment?
Have the risks been identified and weighed fairly against potential benefits?
• Roles and accountabilities. Have policy makers judged the appropriate level of central
government involvement? Is it clear who is responsible for what, who will hold them
to account, and how?
• Feedback and evaluation. Is there a realistic plan for obtaining timely feedback on
how the policy is being realized in practice? Does the policy allow for effective
evaluation, even if central government is not doing it?

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