IS13920:1993

r
5.2 For all buildings which are more than 3 Ld +lOdb
storeys in height, the minimum grade of concrete
shall preferably be M20 ( fCk = 20 MPa ).
5.3 Steel reinforcements of grade Fe 415 ( see
IS 1786 : 1985 ) or less only shall be used.
6 FLEXURAL MEMBERS
6.1 General
These requirements apply to frame members a
resisting earthquake induced forces and designed z
to resist flexure. These members shall satisfy ‘; I
the following requirements. ‘c:
6.1.1 The factored axial stress on the member -I L,, = DEVELOPMENT LENGTH

L
under earthquake loading shall not exceed IN TENSION
0.1 fck. db = BAR DIAMETER
--I-!-+-
6.1.2 The member shall preferably have a
width-to-depth ratio of more than 0.3.
FIG. 1 ANCHORAGE OF BEAM BARS IN AN
6.1.3 The width of the member shall not be less EXTERNAL JOINT
than 200 mm.
6.1.4 The depth D of the member shall prefer- 6.2.6 The longitudinal bars shall be spliced, only
ably be not more than l/4 of the clear span. if hoops are provided over the entire splice
length, at a spacing not exceeding 150 mm (see
6.2 Longitudinal Reinforcement Fig. 2 ). The lap length shall not be less than
the bar development length in tension. Lap
6.2.1 a) The top as well as bottom reinforce- splices shall not be provided (a) within a joint,
ment shall consist of at least two bars tb) within a distance of 2d from joint face, and
throughout the member length. (c) within a quarter lengh of the member where
b) The tension steel ratio on any face, at flexural yielding may generally occur under the
effect of earthquake forces. Not more than
-- not be less than 50 percent of the bars
any section, shall
shall be spliced at one
&in = 0.24 ,/fc&,; where fck andf, section.
are in MPa.
6.2.2 The maximum steel ratio on any face
at any section, shall not exceed pmax = 0.025.

6.2.3 The positive steel at a joint face must be

at least equal to half the negative steel at that
face.
6.2.4 The steel provided at each of the top and
bottom face of the member at anv section along
its length shall be at least equal to one-fourth of
the maximum negative moment steel provided
at the face of either joint. It may be clarified
that redistribution of moments permitted in
IS 456 :I978 ( clause 36.1 ) will be used only for t_d = DEVELOPMENT LENGTH
vertical load moments and not for lateral load IN TENSION
moments. db = BAR DIAMETER
6.2.5 In an external
joint, both the top and the
bottom bars of the beam shall be provided with FtG. 2 LAP, SPLICE IN BEAM
anchorage length, beyond the inner face of the
column, equal to the development length in 6.2.7 Use of welded splices and mechanical
tension plus 10 times the bar diameter minus connect,ions may also be made, as per 25.2.5.2
the allowance for 90 degree bend(.s ). ( see of IS 456 : 1978. However, not more than half
Fig. 1 ). In an internal joint, both face bars the reinforcement shall be spliced at a section
of the beam shall be taken continuously through where flexural yielding may take place. The
the column. location of splices shall be governed by 62.6.
.
3
IS 13920 : 1993

6.3 Web Reinforcement 6.3.2 The minimum diameter of the bar form-
ing a hoop shall be 6 mm. However, in beams
6.3.1 Web reinforcement shall consist of verti- with clear span exceeding 5 m, the minimum
cal hoops. A vertical hoop is a closed stirrup bar diameter shall be 8 mm.
having a 13.5” hook with a 10 diameter exten-
sion ( but not < 75 mm ) at each end that is 6.3.3 The shear force to be resisted by the ver-
embedded in the confined core ( see Fig. 3a ). tical hoops shall be the maximum of :
In compelling circumstances, it may also be
made up of two pieces of reinforcement; a
U-stirrup with a 135” hook and a 10 diameter a) calculated factored shear force as per
extension ( but not c 75 mm ) at each end, analysis, and
embedded in the confined core and a crosstie
( see Fig. 3b ). A crosstie is a bar having a b) shear force due to formation of plastic
135” hook with a 10 diameter extension ( but hinges at both ends of the beam plus the
not < 75 mm ) at each end. The hooks shall factored gravity load on the span. This
engage peripheral longitudinal bars. is given by ( see Fig. 4 ):

i) for sway to right:

1
V,, YC Vi+‘ e 1’4 M uAslim
_-._z- f M: hlim
_‘_--
C L

and Vu,b - VF’ ‘ + 1.41:

Mt,*ii, -I- *G,” ‘iim
LAB * 1, and

ii) for sway to left:

V“,(I = vD+L + 1.4 [ M$h,i;t M::ii, ]
B

and V,,b =VisL~ 1’4 M?,?i, + ME,‘ii,

,
c L *II I

whereMt,*li,, Mthfi, and M,BI:t,,,, Mfh,i, are the sagging and hogging moments of resistance
of the beam section at ends A and B,‘respectively. These are to be calculated as per IS 456 : 1978.
LAB is clear span of beam. Vt+L and VE*L are the shears at ends A and B, respectively, due to
ver’tical loads with a partial safety factor of 1.2 on loads. The design shear at end A shall be
the larger of the two values of Vu,r, computed above. Similarly, the design shear at end B shall
be the larger of the two values of Vu,b computed above.
I 1 ,

L HOOP U-STIRRUP -/

(aI I b)

Fib. 3 BEAMWEB RE~NFORCBMBNX

4
 1s 13920 : 1993

” WL= vi+L = 1.2 to+ L)

a 2

1
4 Bh
V = vi+L -1.4 Mu,lim +Mu,lim

AS
u,a
I CAB

Bh
D+L+, .4 Mu,Iim + MuJim
v
t
t u. b = ‘b,
V LAB I
u,a “u,b

tSWAYG,GtiT)

1
Ah Bs
Ah Rii D+L+l.4 Mu,tim + Mu,iim
M u,lim Mu, lim vu,a ‘Va
LAB

Ah Bs

t
vu.a
t vu,b = vb D+L_,.4
Mu, lim +Mu,lim

LAI3 I
Vu,b
.
(SWAY TD LEFT)

FIN. 4 CALCULATIONOF DESIGNSHEARFORCEFOR BEAM

7.1.2 The minimum dimension of the member
6.3.4 The contribution of bent up bars and shall not be less than 200 mm. However, in
inclined hoops to shear resistance of the section frames which have beams with centre to centre
shall not be considered. span exceeding 5 m or columns of unsupported
6.3.5 The spacing of hoops over a length of 2d length exceeding 4 m, the shortest dimension of
at either end of a beam shall not exceed ( a ) the column shall not be less than 300 mm.
d/4, and (b) 8 times the diameter of the smallest 7.1.3 The ratio of the shortest cross sectional
longitudinal bar; however, it need not be less dimension to the perpendicular dimension shall
than 100 mm ( see Fig. 5 ). The first hoop shall preferably not be less than 0.4.
be at a distance not exceeding’ 50 mm from the
joint face. Vertical hoops at the same spacing 7.2 Longitudinal Reinforcement
as above, shall also be provided over a length
equal to 2d on either side of a section where 7.2.1 Lap splices shall be provided only in the
flexural yielding may occur under the effect of central half of the member length. It should be
earthquake forces. Elsewhere, the beam shall proportioned as a tension splice. Hoops shall be
have vertical hoops at a spacing not exceeding provided over the entire splice length at spacing
d/2. not exceeding 150 mm centre to centre. Not
more than 50 percent of the bars shall be
7 COLUMNS AND FRAME MEMBERS SUB- spliced at one section.
JECTED TO BENDING AND AXIAL LOAD 7.2.2 Any area of a column that extends more
7.1 General
than 100 mm beyond the confined core due to
architectural requirements, shall be detailed in
7.1.1 These requirements apply to frame mem- the following manner. In case the contribution
bers which have a factored axial stress in of this area to strength has been considered,
excess of O-1 fck under the effect of earthquake then it will have the minimum longitudinal and
forces. transverse reinforcement as per this code,
IS 13920: 1993

MIN ZBARS FOR FULL LENGTH

ALONG TOP AND BOTTOM FACE
AS 3 Q MIN. Bd
ASS QEtAx.Bd

II
1
HOOP SPACING ,

‘HOOP SPACING
s dl‘ AND 8db
B = BREADTH OF BEAM

db= DIAMETER OF LONGITUDINAL

BAR

FIG. 5 BEAM REINFORCEMENT

Rowever, if this area has been treated as non- 7.3.2 The parallel legs of rectangular hoops
structural, the minimum reinforcement require- shall be spaced not more than 300 mm centre
ments shall be governed by IS 456 : 1978 to centre. If the length of any side of the hoop
provisions minimum longitudinal and transverse exceeds 300 mm, a crosstie shall be provided
reinforcement, as per IS 456 : 1978 ( see Fig. 6 ). ( Fig. 7B ). Alternatively, a pair of overlapping
hoops may be provided within the columm ( see
MINIMUM LONGITUDINAL Fig. 7C ). The hooks shall engage peripheral
longitudinal bars.
K AND .TRANSVERSE STEEL
\\AS PER IS 456 ; 1978 7.3.3 The spacing of hoops shall not exceed
half the least lateral dimension of the column,
except where special confining reinforcement is
provided, as per 7.4.
7.3.4 The design shear force for columns shall
be the maximum of:
a) calculated factored shear force as per
analysis, and
b) a factored shear force given by
I- J
FIG. 6 REINFORCEMENTREQUIREMENTFOR
COLUMNWITH MORE THAN 100 mm
PROJECTIONBEYONDCOW where M,b‘,i, and M,bRlim are moment of
resistance, of opposite sign, of beams framing
into the column from opposite faces ( see
7.3 Transverse Reinforcement Fig. 8 ); and h,t is the storey height. The beam
moment capacity is to be calculated as per
7.3.1 Transverse reinforcement for circular
IS 456 : 1978.
columns shall consist of spiral or circular hoops.
In rectangular columns, rectangular hoops may 7.4 Special Confining Reinforcement
be used. A rectangular hoop is a closed stirrup,
having a 135” hook _with a 10 diamee;; extension This requirement shall be met with, unless a
( but not < 75 mm ) at each that IS larger amount of transverse reinforcement is
embedded in the confined core ( see iig 7A ). required from shear strength considerations.

.
6
 IS 13920: 1993

h,2309 mm

PROVIDE A CROSSTlE

il~4 300mim

h SHALL BE LARGER OF
h, AND B,

h SHALL BE LARGER OF tic AND Bc

7A SINGLE HOOP
7B 3fNGLE HOOP WITH‘ A
CROSSTIE

h,>JOOmm

10 d (375mm)

,rCROSSflE (EC s 306 m ml

h SHALL BE LARGER OF h), AND B,

7C OVERLAPPING HOOPS WITH A CRCSSTIE

FIG. 7 TRANSVERSE
REINFORCEMENT
IN COLUMN
IS 13920 : 1993

7.4.1 Special confining reinforcement shall be

provided over a length I, from each joint face,
towards midspan, and on either side of any
section, where flexural yielding may occur
under the effect of earthquake forces ( see
Fig. 9. ). The length (lo* shall not be less than
( a ) larger lateral dimension of the member at
the section where yielding occurs, ( b ) l/6 of
clear span of the member, and ( c ) 450 mm.
7.4.2 When a column terminates into a footing
or mat, special confining reinforcement shall
extend at least 300 mm into the footing or mat
( see Fig. 10 ).

7.4.3 When the calculated point of contra-

flexure, under the effect of gravity and earth-
quake loads, is not within the middle half of
the member clear height, special confining v,
reinforcement shall be provided over the full
height of the column.
7.4.4 Columns supporting reactions from dis-
continued stiff members, such as walls, shall
be provided with special confining reinforce- %t
ment over their full height ( see Fig. I1 ). This
reinforcement shall also be placed above the
discontinuity for at least the development
.
length of the largest longitudinal bar in the +I
column. Where the column is supported on a
wall, this reinforcement shall be provided over -vu
the full height of the column; it shall also be
provided below the discontinuity for the same hlbk
development length. vu : 1.4 u.lim ’ ‘ubRlim
,

7.4.5 Special confining reinforcement shall be ( hst 1

provided over the full height of a column which
has significant variation in stiffness along its FIG. 8 CALCULATION OF DESIGN SHEAR
height. This variation in stiffness may result FORCB POR tiLUMN
--I: - SPECIAL CONFINING REINFORCEMENT
AS PER 7-4.1

TRANSVERSE REINFORCEMENT
AS PER 7-3-3 I-
SPLICE_
IS ,13920 : 1993

SHE AR WALL

DEVELOPMENT
LENGTH OF 1
L ONGI TUDINAL
BAR

FIG. 11 SPECIAL
CONFINING
RBINFORCHMENT
REQUIREMENT
FORCOLUMNS
UNDER
DISCONTINUED
WALLS

due to the presence of bracing, a mezzanine

floor or a R.C.C. wall on either side of the Ak = area of the concrete core =$ DI
column that extends only over a part of the
column height ( see Fig. 12 ). Example : Consider a column of diameter 300
mm. Let the grade of concrete be M20, and
7.4.6 The spacing of hoops used as special that of steel Fe 415, for longitudinal and
confining reinforcement shall not exceed l/4 of confining reinforcement. The spacing of circu-
minimum member dimension but need not be lar hoops, S, shall not exceed the smaller of
less than 75 mm nor more than 100 mm. ( a ) l/4 of minimum member dimension =
l/4 x 300 = 75 mm, and ( b ) 100 mm. There-
7.4.7 The area of cross section, Ash, of the bar
fore, S = 75 mm. Assuming 40 mm clear cover
forming circular hoops or spiral, to be used as
special confining reinforcement, shall not be to the longitudinal .reinforcement and circular
hoops of diameter 8 mm, DL = 300-2 x 40 +
less than
2 x 8 = 236 mm. Thus, the area of cross
section of the bar forming circular hoop works
Ash = 0.09 SD+[$- 1.0) out to be 47.28 mm*. This is less than the cross
where sectional area of 8 mm bar ( 50-27 mm* ). Thus.
circular hoops of diameter ‘8 mm at a’spacing
A gh = area of the bar cross section, of 75 mm centre to centre will be adequate.
S = pitch of spiral or spacing of hoops,
7.4.8 The area of cross section, Agh, of the bar
DB: - diameter of core measured to the f orming rectangular hoop, to be used as special
outside of the spiral or hoop, confining reinforcement shall not be less than
fCL = characteristic compressive strength
of concrete cube, A gh s 0.18 Sh jik Ag
~&?O]
fY = yield stress of steel ( of circular
hoop or spiral ), where
Ag = gross area of the column cross h = longer dimension of the rectangular
section, and confining hoop measured to its outer
.
10
 TS 13920 : l!J93

SPACE FOR UNSUPPORTED SHEAR

t- VENTILATORS LENGTH OF COLUMN \ FAIL’JRE

PANEL/R C WALL

(I), 2). (3) and (4) relatively stiff columns - They attract parge seismic shear force.

FIG. 12 COLUMNSWITH VARYINGSTIFFNESS

face. It shall not exceed 300 mm ( see either a pair of overlapping hoops or a single
Fig. 7 ), and hoop with crossties, in both directions, will have
to be provided. Thus, the dimension ‘h’.will
AB: = area .of confined concrete core in the b&FJarrr z:(i) 59012 = 295 mm, and (ii)
rectangular hoop measured to its out- . The spacmg of hoops, $,
side dimensions. shall not exceed the smaller of (a) l/4 of mini-
mum member dimensions = l/4 x 500 = 125
NOTE : The dimension 4’ of the hoop could be
reduced by introducin crossties, as shown in Fig. IB. mm, and (b) 100 mm. Thus, S = 100 mm. The
In this case, Ak shal !! be measured as the overall area of cross section of the bar forming rect-
core area, regardless of the hoop arrangement. The angular hoop works out to be 64.47 mm*. This
hooks of crossties shall engage peripheral longitu- is less than the area of cross section of 10 mm
dinal bars. bar ( 78.54 mm* ). Thus, 10 mm diameter rect-
Example : Consider a column of 650 mm x angular hoops at 100 mm c/c will be adequate.
500 mm. Let the grade of concrete be M20 Similar calculations indicate that, as an alter-
and that of steel Fe 415,. for the longitudinal native, one could also provide 8 mm diameter
and coufining reinforcement. Assuming clear rectangular hoops at 70 mm c/c.
cover of 40 mm to the longitudinal reinforce-
ment and rectacgular hoops of diameter 10 mm, 8 JOINTS OF FRAMES
the size of the core is 590 mm x 440 mm. As 8.1 The special confining reinforcement as
both these dimensions are greater than 300 mm, required at the end of column shall be provided
.
11
IS 13920 : 1993

through the joint as well, unless the joint is 9.2.2 The design shear strength of concrete, Q,
confined as specified by 8.2. shall be calculated as per Table 13 of IS 456 :
1978.
8.2 A joint which has beams framing into all
vertical faces of it and where each beam width 9.2.3 The nominal shear stress in the wall, rv,
is at least 3/4 of the column width, may be shall not exceed Q, maX, as per Table 14 of
provided with half the special confining reinfor- IS 456 : 1978.
cement required at the end of the column. The
spacing of hoops shall not exceed 150 mm. 9.2.4 When Tv is less than 7Fcshear reinforce-
ment shall be provided in accordance with 9.1.4
9 SHEAR WALLS 9.1.5 and 9.1.7.
9.1 General Requirements
9.2.5 When Tv is greater than Q, the area
9.1.1 The requirements of this section apply to of horizontal shear reinforcement, At,, to be
the shear walls, which are part of the lateral provided within a vertical spacing. S,, is given
force resisting system of the structure. by
9.1.2 The thickness of any part of the wall shall V = @87fyA,4v
preferably, not be less than 150 mm. US &
9.1.3 The effective flange width, to be used in where Vus = ( Vu - 7c tw dw ), is the shear force
the design of flanged wall sections, shall be to be resisted by the horizontal reinforcement.
assumed to extend beyond the face of the web However, the amount of horizontal reinforce-
for a distance which shall be the smaller of (a) ment provided shall not be less than the mini-
half the distance to an adjacent shear wall web, mum, as per 9.1.4.
and (b) l/IO th of the total wall height.
9.2.6 The vertical reinforcement, that is
9.1.4 Shear walls shall be provided with reinfor- uniformly distributed in the wall, shall not be
cement in the longitudinal and transverse less than the horizontal reinforcement calcul-
-directions in the plane of the wall. The minimum ated as per 9.2.5.
reinforcement ratio shall be 0.002 5 of the gross
area in each direction. This reinforcement shall 9.3 Flexural Strength
be distributed uniformly across the cross section 9.3.1 The moment of resistance, MUv, of the
of the wall. wall section may be calculated as for columns
9.1.5 If the factored shear stress in the wall subjected to combined bending and axial load
exceeds 0.25 dfz or if the wall thickness as per IS 456 : 1978. The moment of resistance
exceeds 200 mm, reinforcement shall be provided of slender ,rectangular shear wa!l section with
in two curtains, each having bars running in the uniformly distributed vertical reinforcement is
longitudinal and transverse directions in the given in Annex A.
plane of the wall. 9.3.2 The cracked flexural strength of the wall
9 1.6 The diameter of the bars to be used in any section should be greater than its untracked
part of the wall shall not exceed l/lOth of the flexural strength.
thickness of that part.
9.3.3 In walls that do not have boundary
9.1.7 The maximum spacing of reinforcement in elements, vertical reieforcement shall be con-
either direction shall not exceed the smaller of centrated at the ends of the wall. Each con-
I&, 3 tw, and 450 mm; where Zwis the horizon- centration shall consist of a minimum of 4 bars
tal length of’the wall, and tw is the thickness of 12 mm diameter arranged in at least 2 layers.
of the wall web.
9.4 ‘Boundary Elements
9.2 Shear Strength
Boundary elements are portions along the wall
9.2.1 The nominal shear stress, r,,, shall be edges that are strengthened by longitudinal and
calculated as: transverse reinforcement. Though they may
Vll have the same thickness as that of the wall web
*v = tw it is advantageous to provide them with greater
where thickness.
VU= factored shear force, 9.4.1 Where the extreme fibre compressive stress
tw = thickness of the web, and in the wall due to factored gravity loads plus
dw= effective depth of wall section. This factored earthquake force exceeds 0*2f,k,
may by taken as 0.8 I, for rectangular boundaty elements shall be provided along the
sections. vertical boundaries of walls. The boundary

12 .