Mr. Robin M.

Pineda, MAPsy, RPm

ART APPRECIATION (ARTA III) Faculty Member, Department of Psychology
College of Arts and Sciences
Our Lady of Fatima University – Pampanga Campus
 LESSON 6:
PRINCIPLES OF ARTS AND DESIGN
 PRINCIPLES OF DESIGN
It refers to the visual
strategies used by artists,
in conjunction with the
elements of arts – for
expressive purposes.

(Fichner-Rathus, 2008)
PRINCIPLES OF DESIGN
They include:
 How we apply the
principles of design
determines how
successful we are in
creating a work of art
PRINCIPLES OF DESIGN

HARMONY
Harmony in visual design
means all parts of the visual
image relate to and
complement each other.
Harmony is the use of related
elements.
PRINCIPLES OF DESIGN
RHYTHM
• is organized movement, a beat,
a repetition.

• is created by repetition, and

repetitive patterns convey a
sense of movement.

• in the visual arts, the viewer

perceives rhythm by grouping
elements such as color, line and
shape.
 TYPES OF RHYTHM
A. Regular Repetition
Donald Judd’s sculpture in particular was based on the repetition of simple geometric shapes mounted on walls or set on
the floor in a steady, evenly spaced pattern.
Minimalism. An abstract art movement begun in the 1960s that emphasizes the use of pure and simple shapes and
materials.
 TYPES OF RHYTHM
B. Alternating Rhythm
A type of rhythm in which different elements in a work repeat themselves in predictable order.
 TYPES OF RHYTHM
C. Progressive Rhythm
Such variations are seen in progressive rhythm, in which the rhythm of elements of a work of art such as
shape, texture, or color change slightly as they move, or progress toward a defined point in the composition.
PRINCIPLES OF DESIGN
BALANCE
Balance is the concept of visual
equilibrium, and relates to our
physical sense of balance. It is
a reconciliation of opposing
forces in a composition that
results in visual stability.
 TYPES OF RHYTHM

Symmetrical Balance Asymmetrical Balance

the type of balance in which the elements the type of balance in which there are
of a work are balanced by similarity of form more than slight differences between the
or arrangement divided areas of a work
(Fichner-Rathus,2008)
PRINCIPLES OF DESIGN
EMPHASIS
Emphasis is an extension of
these first two principles: it is
when contrast, placement,
size, color, or other features
are used to highlight one
object, area, or other elements
of the artwork.
 TYPES OF EMPHASIS

Emphasis by Direction Lines Emphasis by Isolation

Lines that lead the eye to a focal point. The subject is isolated from other element
and figures.
PRINCIPLES OF DESIGN

UNITY
In art, unity implies harmony.
It suggests that the parts of a
composition are there by
happenstance; rather, they fit
together to form a meaningful
whole.
PRINCIPLES OF DESIGN

VARIETY
“Variety is the soul of
pleasure.” Without variety, life
would comprise a bland
sameness, a cookie-cutter
existence from which we all
shrink.
PRINCIPLES OF DESIGN

PROPORTION
Proportion refers to the
relative size and scale of the
various elements in a design.
PRINCIPLES OF DESIGN

CONTRAST
Contrast is the disparity
between the elements that
figure into the composition.
One object may be made
stronger compared to other
objects (hence, emphasis).
 ACTIVITY

Directions: Identify the principle of design that is best

applied in each of the given visuals.
Visual No. 1
Which principle of design is shown in Visual 1?

A. Emphasis by Directional Lines

B. Emphasis by Isolation
C. Emphasis by weight
Which principle of design is shown in Visual 1?

A. Emphasis by Directional Lines

B. Emphasis by Isolation
C. Emphasis by weight
Visual No. 2
Which principle of design is shown in Visual 2?

A. Balance
B. Emphasis
C. Proportion
D. Rhythm
Which principle of design is shown in Visual 2?

A. Balance
B. Emphasis
C. Proportion
D. Rhythm
Visual No. 3
Which principle of design is shown in Visual 3?

A. Contrast
B. Harmony
C. Balance
D. Emphasis
Which principle of design is shown in Visual 3?

A. Contrast
B. Harmony
C. Balance
D. Emphasis
Visual No. 4
Which principle of design is shown in Visual 4?

A. Harmony
B. Simplicity
C. Balance
D. Emphasis
Which principle of design is shown in Visual 4?

A. Harmony
B. Simplicity
C. Balance
D. Emphasis
Visual No. 5
Which principle of design is shown in Visual 5?

A. Balance
B. Rhythm
C. Contrast
D. Emphasis
Which principle of design is shown in Visual 5?

A. Balance
B. Rhythm
C. Contrast
D. Emphasis
Visual No. 6
Which principle of design is shown in Visual 6?

A. Variety
B. Balance
C. Rhythm
D. Proportion
Which principle of design is shown in Visual 6?

A. Variety
B. Balance
C. Rhythm
D. Proportion
Visual No. 7
Which principle of design is shown in Visual 7?

A. Harmony
B. Balance
C. Rhythm
D. Emphasis
Which principle of design is shown in Visual 7?

A. Harmony
B. Balance
C. Rhythm
D. Emphasis
Visual No. 8
Which principle of design is shown in Visual 8?

A. Balance
B. Rhythm
C. Proportion
D. Emphasis
Which principle of design is shown in Visual 8?

A. Balance
B. Rhythm
C. Proportion
D. Emphasis
Visual No. 9
Which principle of design is shown in Visual 9?

A. Rhythm
B. Harmony
C. Unity
D. Variety
Which principle of design is shown in Visual 9?

A. Rhythm
B. Harmony
C. Unity
D. Variety
Visual No. 10
Which principle of design is shown in Visual 10?

A. Emphasis
B. Balance
C. Simplicity
D. Contrast
Which principle of design is shown in Visual 10?

A. Emphasis
B. Balance
C. Simplicity
D. Contrast
END OF PRESENTATION

Got any questions?

 Fichner-Rathus, L. (2008). Foundations of Art and Design. U.S.A:
Thomson Wadsworth.
REFERENCES

Sanchez, et al., (2009). Introduction to the Humanities. Rex Bookstore

Inc. Manila.

Patel, J. (2017, October 17) Chasing Dreams: What are you waiting for?
Retrieved from https://visual wildersness.com/business/chasing-
dreams-what-are-you-waiting-for

Pixel Farm (2008, May 9). Various artists, Get the Glass. Retrieved from
http://pixelfarm.blog54.fc2.com/blog-category-10.html

Sanchez, et al., (2009). Introduction to the Humanities. Rex Bookstore

Inc. Manila.