1

INSTITUTE OF

ADMINISTRATIVE

SCIENCE
Submitted By:

Name: HABIBA IJAZ

ROLL NO:BS(ADP)-IAS-17-R-F22

ADP 5th SEMESTER (Regular)

Submitted To:

Ayesha Sarfaraz

Topic:

“Bullying and its effect on adolescent depression level”

 ABSTRACT:

Bullying is the use of aggressive behavior, teasing and physical

coercion against weaker people. The effect of bullying can cause bodily

and mental disorders such as depression which can interfere with the

adolescent learning process. This paper presents a qualitative study

exploring the experience of adolescents who have bullied and how it

affects their depression level. Bullying can be detrimental to the victim's

mental health, causing anxiety, depression, and low self-esteem. Bullies

are the generators of this wound but also bear long term effect because

of their involvement. There are distinct risk factors for bullying that are

separate and group. This research will find out the risk and signs of

bullying and the youthful depression level. The study concludes with

recommendations for bullying and support adolescents who have

bullied. This qualitative research study sought to better understand the

lived experiences of bullied adolescents and how bullying affected. To

find recurring themes and patterns in the data, according to the results,

bullying had a serious negative effect on the participants mental health,

causing them to experience loneliness, anxiety, and sadness. The study

also identified a number of elements that fueled bullying and promote

adolescent mental health and well-being.,

Keywords: Bullying, adolescence, depression.

INTODUCTION:

Bullying is saying or doing something to intentionally hurt someone. Bullies

attempt to gain power over the other person. Bullying is the use of force against

weak people. It can be done in groups or individually and is called mobbing. It can

take many forms. The first form of bullying is verbal bullying. This bullying is the

use of words that hurt, yelling, insulting and threat. The second form of bullying is

physical bullying. This bullying includes physically abusing someone hitting,

kicking or pushing. This bullying physically hurts someone in different ways. The

third form is social bullying. Social bullying uses different methods, and this

bullying hides the bullies because this bullying is not face to face. This bullying is

like lying and spreading rumors, playing unkind jokes to humiliate someone and

harm someone's social reputation. The last form of bullying is cyber-bullying.

Cyber-bullying is basically harassment using electronic means online bullying.

This bullying ratio is increase and it is very common among adolescents and this

bullying is socially harass someone by negative comments, sexual comments and

leak the personal information, pictures and videos. So bullying use different

method to hurt someone and they basically target the weak people, and they harm

by someone weakness about something

Adolescents who experience bullying are at a higher risk of developing depression

compared to those who do not. Adolescents are individuals who have passed

through the stages of development from childhood to adulthood. When he goes to

school and faces many difficult situations-like bullies they pass this tough time

lonely. Mostly in school, college, and university bullying is very common, and

bullies mostly target those people who are weak, and some status differences and

they knew someone weakness they mostly target these types of people. Teenagers

must be aware that when they make friends it is good company or bad company

because it affects your mental health and sometimes your friend circle bullies you

about your weakness and they cause depression in young youth.

Bullying is common in different countries like united state, Korea, Indonesia and

many other countries and they can't act against bullies. Lack of supervision is the

cause of depression among teenagers. Depression can cause mental disorders of

adolescents and they affect very badly in mental health the person is depressed

they usually have negative thought, and they consider all things negatively.

Depression is bitter feelings of a person accompanied by sadness, loneliness,

hopelessness, and unhappiness. A person is depressed, they have a negative set of

minds without family support and close friends this condition would not resolve,

and they depressed. The main factor of teenager's depression is break up, family

issues, lack of confidence and difficulties in institution. From this result many

students, people, are depressed for the following reasons. This research proposal

aims to investigate the relationship between bullying and depression levels among

adolescents.

Increase rate of bullying in Pakistan:

Bullying in different sector of Pakistan in institutions bullying is very common.

The increase rate of bullying is because there is no proper rule against this thing. In

Pakistan there is no attention of this thing, and they can't act against bullying. In

institutions the rate of bullying is increased because mostly the bullies are

powerful, and they are strong, and the bullies target the weak person and when the

victim act

against bullies there is no proper rule and local government does not fulfil her duty

because of the power.

 Common types of bullies in Pakistan:

In Pakistan the common type of bullying in group bullies, popular bullies, victims

bullying, indifferent bullies. In these types of bullying, they are used in different

places and the most popular bullying is group bullying. They mostly target the
victim in groups in schools, colleges and other institutions. They are in group form

and target the person.

 Reasons:

In increase rate of bullying in Pakistan there are many reasons. In 25 countries

studied the research of bullying rate. And there is countless reason of bullying in

Pakistan. These include social class, physical appearance, color, weight, sexuality,

gender body, size, mental health, competition, weak person, someone weakness

and in many cases social reputation.

Measures to prevent bullying:

In this research topic the subject of bullying will be an examination of culture,

environment and power. The measures for prevention of bullying.

 Teachers:

Teachers in school and college must be aware of bullying people and take strict

action and provide consciousness and information about different things and the

students aware. If the students are doing something like that the teacher must

inform her parents and they take action.

 Parents of victim:

Parents of victims should pay close attention to their children's, and they must be

aware of the situation of the children. They must make children aware of violence
in different ways like watching movies about violence and bullying. They make an

environment in which the child easily talks about the issue of school and any other

institution. And parents must take action against this thing, and they encourage

their child to participate in different co-curricular activities and develop

confidence.

 Parents of Bullying:

Parents of bullies should teach their children properly an active role in their child

and what he is doing in school and any other institution. Parents must tell their

child about the consequences of violence, that they are aware of this thing and the

result of bullying. And they must punish their child if he is doing something like

that, in this thing the child must know the consequence.

Significance:

In significance I am goanna discuss about why my research is important to discuss

how it relate to research field. In the significance of bullying, we identify the

people needed who need help even if they are one of the being people and one of

the doing people. And then we identify the people we act against those people

who are being bullied, and we can stop those people with the help of short-term

and long-term negative effects in significance of bullying the parents must know

about their child. The victim's parents and the bullies' parents act against this thing.
The government and the rule regarding bullying there must be a law about bullying

and local government provide program that help them and citizen of society. And

there is not favoritism and use of power every must be the same and local

government provide equal rights. The background of this research there are many

articles who research about this topic and my research is different because I want

to find out the symptoms of depression which the young generation suffer about

this thing, and we must find a way that control the bullying and the effects of

bullying cause my problem in adolescents' life.

Problem Statement:

Bullying is a common problem among adolescents and can harm their mental

health, according to the problem statement. Bullying can have a detrimental impact

on adolescent depression levels, which can have a negative impact on their

academic, social and emotional wellbeing. Despite the problems awareness, more

study is still required to determine how bullying affects adolescent levels of

depression.

Research Objectives:

This research aims to find the problem that this research is aims to identify

bullying and the cause of depression as well as the effect on adolescent behavior.

This research aims to understand the culture, society and environment. And this is
the reason for bullying. This research aims to find out the real reason for bullying

and why bullying is very common and what the reason is the young youth suffer in

mental health, education and depression. And how we help those people who

suffered bullying and they got bullied our research aim to find the way that the

bullying has punishment and the bullying people never hurt someone and not target

weak person. And the victim takes action against them, and the law gives the order

about bullying like stuff. The goal of this study is to figure out how common

bullying is among adolescents and what effect it has on their mental health. In

particular, the research will.

Research Questions:

 How much effect does bullying have on an adolescent's mind?

 Is bullying a leading cause of teenager's depression?

 How does the frequency and duration of bullying incidents affect adolescent

depression level?

 What types of bullying have you experienced in the past months?

 Do you think bullying affects your mental health?

 What role does social media play in bullying among adolescents?

 What advice would you give to other adolescents who are experiencing

bullying and its effect on their mental health?

LITERATURE REVIEW:

In this literature review I am going to discuss the most recent one case of bullying

in Lahore defense school. It’s a case about an 8th class girl who was bullied by her

own friend and senior’s schoolmate. And they physically and verbally abused the

victim. Because the girl tries to stop her friend (culprit) from doing illegal act such

as using drugs and drinks etc. This incident occurred on 15 January 2023, and it

was made viral after some time through the videos taken by the friend of the culprit

who was clearly using abusive language in the videos. On 16 January the father of

the victim submitted FIR against the bullies. But because of the strong background

of the bullies no action was taken against them. And

The bullies were granted bail even before they were arrested because they belong

to a wealthy family. In this case the bullying form is used for physical bullying.

And in this case, there is no justice for the victim and infect our government can

take action against powerful people if they are wrong there is no punishment. In

this case the bullies are strong, and they threaten the victim's family, and they are

not guilty about this thing. The victims are admitted to hospital, and they have

many necks injuries and many other injuries. As a result of this incident the school

tried to clean her image and they expelled the bullies as well as the victim. Which

shows that there is no proper solution for such an incident if there is no proper law
and abuse of power. One more case a boy tells the story about her life how they got

bullied and how this thing affects her life. They tell that once he got bullied about

her classmates, they say that they have no good personality and physically they are

very weak, and he got a mobbing bullying they target in washroom, and they use

violence against them in school and they say that he is not good in making friends

and in school life they have no friend and they got bullying and those peoples are

very powerful and they have same age and they are in 9th class those peoples are

not very mature but they know about bullying because bullying is mostly use

against weaker person and the boy said that there family background is good they

are strong but he is physically very weak and they take advantage. The victim say

that he did not take action and infect they did not tell her family because he is

afraid about the response of the family, they locked herself in room all day and

they keep crying and her life is full introvert they did not go outside and not enjoy

her life. Then they got depressed, and they think negatively about everything. He

shares the experience about bullying and when he talks about this thing, they got

goosebumps and he started crying because he says those time periods are very

tough, and he takes a very long time to get out of depression. So bullying cause

depression and affects the victim's life very badly and the victim never forgets

these things, so we take action against them and help those people who suffered.

And there is no proper solution to this thing and abuse of power.

Methodology:

In this study the research method is used qualitative. The sampling of this research

is purposive sampling, to ensure that the participants represent the perspective on

bullying. The questionnaire will consist of open-ended questions, designed to

check the ratio of bullying people and its effect on young generation studies,

mental health and depression. In the questionnaire session the participant must be

honest or accurate in their reporting of experience of bullying or depression

symptoms and fill in the question within the given period.

Data collected:

This is descriptive and qualitative research. Data collected by questionnaires

method in open ended questions to find out the bullied peoples and depression

level. A random sample of adolescents aged 15 to 18 years can be selected from

different schools, neighborhoods etc. A normalized questionnaire can be used to

collect data from participants about their experience with bullying and their level

of depression. The questionnaire includes the frequency, type of bullying,

depression scales like the beck depression inventory. The number of participants in

the questionnaire is 50 but the sample size of 41 respondents is adolescent age.

Demographic information such as age, gender, socioeconomic status, family

background. This information is helpful for collected to control the impact on the

relationship between bullying and depression.

Data Analysis:

After collecting the data, the next step is data analysis. The first step in data

analysis is to identify key themes and patterns in the data. And they read the data

multiple times to collect the information and organize it according to the

information of the data. This process can help to identify the factors of bullying

and depression among the participants. Then the next method involves the

participants history to check that they know about bullying and how they have

sense about bullying and depression and how they experienced this thing and how

they went out in depression. The analyzing can focus on the meanings of the words

and explanation of the participants have attached to their experience of sooner than

just identifying themes. The researcher must research the background of

participants in questionnaire it helps to find out that they experience this thing and

it helpful in research. The respondents' participants data were analyzed with the

help of options and it's helpful to conduct the questionnaire in qualitative method

the data collection and data analyze process is easy to find out the results. The

analyzed process tells the characteristics of the participants regarding and found

the relationship between bullying and level of depression in respondents and then

tested.
RESULTS:

According to the table we found out the adolescents who experience bullying and

who never got bullied and then the four themes of thematic analyses of the data.in

the impact of bullying on adolescent depression level.

 Frequency of bullying:

According to table they show the frequency of the adolescent and bullying

category;

Bullying category Frequency Gender

Moderate Bullying 21 Male/Female

Severe Bullying 20 Male/Female

Total 41 Male/Female

In the frequency of bullying participants reported bullying in moderate bullying the

frequency of the participant in this bullying is 20 and then the other is severe

bullying the participant who reported bullying is 21 were experienced in this

frequency of bullying the data analyze process found out the result of frequency.

The 20 participants who reported by never got the bullying these people just

respond but never experienced but 21 participants experienced bullying behavior

and they share the experience in bullying with the help of questionnaire.
  Emotional Response:

In this response the participant who experienced bullying they share the feelings of

fear, sadness, anger and shame. Those participants experience bullying they talk

about how powerless they don’t take action against them and infect some reported

feeling suicidal. Because the bullying peoples how danger these people and how

they show her aggression in weak persons. Participants who show their emotions

with different kinds of emotions are powerless and not strong enough to pay back

these things on those people.

 Social Support:

In social support participant share that how they reported with the help of social

support like, family, friends and the place where they bullied, they tell the staff was

an important factor in diminish the negative impact of bullying on their mental

health. The social support provides a facility to share and tell the impact of the

bullying and share the experience because it's not easy to talk about her emotions

regarding sensitive matter to share these things to her family, close peoples but

with the help of social support they share her emotions, feelings to her family and

other peoples. The participant who got bullied they talk about the social support,

and they share all experience with the help of this thing because it's not easy to

anyone to talk about the tough time they passed through this and again remember
this kind of stuff but with the help of social support they are easy to talk about this

matter.

 Effect of Bullying on Adolescent Depression level:

In this heading we found out with the help of result the had been analyzed showed

in this study was proven that had a positive relationship and a very weak level of

relationship between the effects of bullying on the adolescent depression level.

With the help of participants, we analyzed the process of bullying and how it

affects the adolescent depression level and we found out the result of bullying and

depression level with the help of table we convey easily about the depression level.

With the help of table, we can easily find out the number of depression level and

which type of depression level adolescent face and these results helpful to discuss

further about the bullying and its effect on depression level.

Categories of Distribution level of depression in adolescent

Depression Level Frequency Gender

Normal Depression 16 Male/Female
Moderate Depression 15 Male/female
Severe Depression 10 Male/female

Discussion:

Bullying is a form of violent and it has a significant impact on the mental health of

the people who experience bullying. Because bullying has many forms and like
physical, verbal psychological and oppression and different kind of behavior. They

mostly target the weak person, and they are powerful and sometimes they take

advantage of her power. Meanwhile the victims think that they have some

weakness, and they are not enough powerful, and they are useless. But if the victim

takes action against them then the ratio and targeting must be short. The second

reason is the bullying people target those people whose family background is poor

and bullying people mostly they have strong background, and they are not afraid to

doing these kinds of things and suffer and take advantage against them. Another

cause was the school, college environment where mostly bullying performed and

the institution they can't take action against them if they know about these kinds of

stuffs, and they take this thing is very easy and not strict in this matter. Another

cause of bullying is to show someone that they are third class by words and

actions. This thing provides the victims complex in her life and they depressed

about this thing. This bullying behavior caused victims to be afraid, and they

become introvert and her life is full of negativity and they take her things in her

life in a negative way. Meanwhile the impact of bullying caused the victim guilty,

and they suffered in life if they experienced in her childhood, but they never

forget this thing in her full life and sometimes they regret this moment why they

can't take action against them and don’t do anything about this matter and why

they don’t take action about her life because this thing depend upon her life.
Depression is a sour feeling of a person who goes along with sadness, darkness,

downheartedness and unhappiness. A person who got bullied has a negative set of

minds without the support of family, close friends, it's not easy to get out of this

trauma. The main factors of adolescent depression level are conflict, break up,

family issues and some private issues. When the person is in conflict about any

matter with the heavy party and they are weak then he is easily bullied and goes

into depression. The junior high school had incident about this matter that how boy

go for depression and her life depressed and infect they go for suicide because they

don’t want to face life and they don’t know how to survive in this condition. From

this result it can be said that bullying behavior has a very strong impact on victim

depression level. The level of depression was measured by a questionnaire. The

two variables show that the effect of bullying have very strong impact on the

depression and sometimes they go for a suicide so we cannot take this thing in an

easy way, and we must find the solution that the life of peoples those who got

bullied have not disturb and they do not lose her life.

Limitations:

Researchers hope that the limitation of this study is helpful for later use. Due to the

study's reliance on a particular sample of adolescents its generalizability may be

constrained. Self-reporting of the acquired data raises the possibility of response

bias. The study's use of a qualitative method which prevents the conclusion about

causality may have certain limitations. The suggestion for this research is

The result of this study is regarded that the school or institution don’t

provide the facility of those students who got bullied and they are not facilitate of

freedom that the victim easily talk about the situation and the school must have this

environment that they can take things strictly and action against them. The

researcher is expected to increase the adolescent knowledge in impact of bullying

that they must know the disadvantages of this thon g and they know how bullying

affects her life her mental health. This study provides information for students,

adults and others with the help of knowledge, and they know the impact of

bullying and they avoid this kind of stuff and don’t put their life in danger with

these things. This study is expected to add more variables that affect the level of

adolescent depression.

Suggestions and Recommendations:

Use a phenomenological approach to understand that lived experience of

adolescents and who have experienced bullying and depression. We conducted

questionnaires and in questions we got a detailed about her experience who

suffered bullying and depression to understand of their perspective on bullying and

impact on health. And we focus on social media that how they encourage people to

put out these things and share the experience because it's not easy to anyone to talk
about this sensitive matter regarding her life but with the help of social media it's

easy to everyone to talk about her life. And we suggest that the school culture and

environment may not influence bullying and depression among adolescents.

Ensure that informed consent is obtained from both adolescents and their parents

or guardians before conducting any research because some guardians of the

participants may not be agreeing to share this things and experience so when you

conduct research you must take permission to her guardian than ask anything.

Protect the privacy of the participants and must take care this matter if they do not

agree to leak her personal things then we must obey to this thing and protect the

privacy that this thing does not cause any depression in her life. Think of

collaborating with neighborhood associations and advocacy groups to draw

participants and present the results. Utilize the data to guide the creation of

interventions and regulations that combat bullying's underlying causes and advance

adolescent mental health.

Conclusion:

In summary, qualitative research can shed light on the actual experience of

teenagers who have been bullied or depressed. Researchers can acquire a thorough

grasp of how bullying impacts teenage mental health and the factors that contribute

to it by employing techniques like in-depth interviews and focus groups. In

addition, a grounded theory approach might aid in locating recurring themes and
patterns in the data. The creation of programmer and laws that deal with the

underlying causes of bullying and support adolescent mental health can be

informed by qualitative research. Researchers can make sure that their findings are

communicated to people who can have an impact by collaborating with community

organizations and advocacy groups. Additionally, researchers must place a high

priority on ethical issues like obtaining informed consent. A study which was

released in the journal of child psychology and psychiatry examined the connection

between bullying and depression in a group of teenagers over the course of several

years. Moreover, researchers must prioritize ethical considerations such as

obtaining informed consent and protecting participants privacy and confidentiality.

the correlation value3 show the correlation coefficient is very weak between

bullying and depression level.

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