Managing For Quality and Performance Excellence 10th Edition Evans Test Bank Download
Managing For Quality and Performance Excellence 10th Edition Evans Test Bank Download
Management
Managing for Quality and Performance
Excellence 10th Edition Evans Test Bank
Full download at link:
1. Statistics is a science concerned with the collection, organization, analysis, interpretation, and presentation of
data. a. True
b. False
ANSWER: True
DIFFICULTY: Difficulty: Easy
ACCREDITING STANDARDS: BUSPROG:
Analytic
DISC: Strategy
TOPICS: DESC.EVAB.17.06.01 Basic Probability Concepts
KEYWORDS: Bloom's: Knowledge
ANSWER: False
DIFFICULTY: Difficulty: Easy
ACCREDITING STANDARDS: BUSPROG:
Analytic
DISC: Strategy
TOPICS: DESC.EVAB.17.06.01 Basic Probability Concepts
KEYWORDS: Bloom's: Knowledge
4. The sum of the probabilities over all possible outcomes must be between 0
and 1. a. True
b. False
ANSWER: False
DIFFICULTY: Difficulty: Easy
ACCREDITING STANDARDS: BUSPROG:
Analytic
DISC: Strategy
TOPICS: DESC.EVAB.17.06.01 Basic Probability Concepts
KEYWORDS: Bloom's: Knowledge
ANSWER: False
DIFFICULTY: Difficulty: Moderate
ACCREDITING STANDARDS: BUSPROG: Analytic
DISC: Strategy
TOPICS: DESC.EVAB.17.06.01 Basic Probability Concepts
KEYWORDS: Bloom's: Knowledge
ANSWER: True
DIFFICULTY: Difficulty: Moderate
ACCREDITING STANDARDS: BUSPROG: Analytic
DISC: Strategy
TOPICS: DESC.EVAB.17.06.02 Probability Distributions
KEYWORDS: Bloom's: Knowledge
ANSWER: True
DIFFICULTY: Difficulty: Easy
ACCREDITING STANDARDS: BUSPROG:
Analytic
DISC: Strategy
TOPICS: DESC.EVAB.17.06.02 Probability Distributions
KEYWORDS: Bloom's: Knowledge
ANSWER: False
DIFFICULTY: Difficulty: Moderate
ACCREDITING STANDARDS: BUSPROG: Analytic
DISC: Strategy
TOPICS: DESC.EVAB.17.06.02 Probability Distributions
KEYWORDS: Bloom's: Comprehension
a. True
b. False
ANSWER: False
DIFFICULTY: Difficulty: Moderate
ACCREDITING STANDARDS: BUSPROG: Analytic
DISC: Strategy
TOPICS: DESC.EVAB.17.06.02 Probability Distributions
KEYWORDS: Bloom's: Knowledge
10. Often, the positively skewed data can be transformed to a normal distribution by using a mathematical
transformation such as taking logarithms.
a. True
b. False
ANSWER: True
DIFFICULTY: Difficulty: Moderate
ACCREDITING STANDARDS: BUSPROG: Analytic
DISC: Strategy
TOPICS: DESC.EVAB.17.06.02 Probability Distributions
KEYWORDS: Bloom's: Comprehension
11. Products are boxed in groups of 25. Drawing a sample of boxes and inspecting all units in the boxes selected
is an example of systematic sampling.
a. True
b. False
ANSWER: False
DIFFICULTY: Difficulty: Moderate
ACCREDITING STANDARDS: BUSPROG: Analytic
DISC: Strategy
TOPICS: DESC.EVAB.17.06.03 Statistical Methodology
KEYWORDS: Bloom's: Comprehension
ANSWER: True
DIFFICULTY: Difficulty: Easy
ACCREDITING STANDARDS: BUSPROG:
Analytic
DISC: Strategy
TOPICS: DESC.EVAB.17.06.03 Statistical Methodology
KEYWORDS: Bloom's: Knowledge
13. The variance is the simplest measure of dispersion and is computed as the difference between the maximum
value and the minimum value in the data set.
a. True
b. False
ANSWER: False
DIFFICULTY: Difficulty: Easy
ACCREDITING STANDARDS: BUSPROG:
Analytic
DISC: Strategy
TOPICS: DESC.EVAB.17.06.03 Statistical Methodology
KEYWORDS: Bloom's: Knowledge
14. Distributions with values of coefficient of kurtosis (CK) greater than 3 are more peaked with less
dispersion. a. True
b. False
ANSWER: True
DIFFICULTY: Difficulty: Moderate
ACCREDITING STANDARDS: BUSPROG: Analytic
DISC: Strategy
TOPICS: DESC.EVAB.17.06.03 Statistical Methodology
KEYWORDS: Bloom's: Knowledge
15. The Data Validation Toolpak in Microsoft Excel for Windows provides many procedures for conducting
statistical analyses.
a. True
b. False
ANSWER: True
DIFFICULTY: Difficulty: Easy
ACCREDITING STANDARDS: BUSPROG:
Analytic
DISC: Information
Technologies
TOPICS: DESC.EVAB.17.06.04 Statistical Analysis with Microsoft Excel
KEYWORDS: Bloom's: Knowledge
17. The Histogram tool provides the basic statistical measures of location, dispersion, and
shape. a. True
b. False
ANSWER: False
DIFFICULTY: Difficulty: Moderate
ACCREDITING STANDARDS: BUSPROG: Technology
DISC: Information
Technologies
TOPICS: DESC.EVAB.17.06.04 Statistical Analysis with Microsoft Excel
KEYWORDS: Bloom's: Knowledge
18. One of the major disadvantages of the Histogram tool is that the results are not dynamically linked to the
data. a. True
b. False
ANSWER: True
DIFFICULTY: Difficulty: Moderate
ACCREDITING STANDARDS: BUSPROG: Technology
DISC: Information
Technologies
TOPICS: DESC.EVAB.17.06.04 Statistical Analysis with Microsoft Excel
KEYWORDS: Bloom's: Knowledge
19. As the sample size increases, the standard error of the mean increases, all else being held
constant. a. True
b. False
ANSWER: False
DIFFICULTY: Difficulty: Moderate
ACCREDITING STANDARDS: BUSPROG: Analytic
DISC: Strategy
ANSWER: True
DIFFICULTY: Difficulty: Easy
ACCREDITING STANDARDS: BUSPROG:
Analytic
DISC: Strategy
TOPICS: DESC.EVAB.17.06.05 Statistical Inference
KEYWORDS: Bloom's: Knowledge
21. All else being equal, as the confidence level increases, the confidence interval becomes
larger to provide higher levels of assurance that the interval contains the true population
parameter. a. True
b. False
ANSWER: True
DIFFICULTY: Difficulty: Moderate
ACCREDITING STANDARDS: BUSPROG: Analytic
DISC: Strategy
TOPICS: DESC.EVAB.17.06.05 Statistical Inference
KEYWORDS: Bloom's: Comprehension
22. In hypothesis testing, the null hypothesis, H0, is assumed to be false in the absence of contradictory
data. a. True
b. False
ANSWER: False
DIFFICULTY: Difficulty: Moderate
ACCREDITING STANDARDS: BUSPROG: Analytic
DISC: Strategy
TOPICS: DESC.EVAB.17.06.05 Statistical Inference
KEYWORDS: Bloom's: Knowledge
23. Correlation is a measure of a linear relationship between two variables, X and Y, and is measured by the
(population)
correlation
coefficient. a. True
b. False
ANSWER: True
DIFFICULTY: Difficulty: Moderate
KEYWORDS: Bloom's:
Knowledge
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Chapter 6 - Statistical Methods in Quality
Management
ACCREDITING STANDARDS: BUSPROG: Analytic
DISC: Strategy
TOPICS: DESC.EVAB.17.06.05 Statistical Inference
KEYWORDS: Bloom's:
Knowledge
Cengage Learning Testing, Powered by Cognero Page 7
Chapter 6 - Statistical Methods in Quality
Management
24. The square of the correlation coefficient is called the coefficient of
determination. a. True
b. False
ANSWER: True
DIFFICULTY: Difficulty: Easy
ACCREDITING STANDARDS: BUSPROG:
Analytic
DISC: Strategy
TOPICS: DESC.EVAB.17.06.05 Statistical Inference
KEYWORDS: Bloom's: Knowledge
ANSWER: False
DIFFICULTY: Difficulty: Moderate
ACCREDITING STANDARDS: BUSPROG: Analytic
DISC: Strategy
TOPICS: DESC.EVAB.17.06.05 Statistical Inference
KEYWORDS: Bloom's: Comprehension
26. When interactions are present in an experiment, main effects have little
meaning. a. True
b. False
ANSWER: True
DIFFICULTY: Difficulty: Moderate
ACCREDITING STANDARDS: BUSPROG: Analytic
DISC: Strategy
TOPICS: DESC.EVAB.17.06.05 Statistical Inference
KEYWORDS: Bloom's: Comprehension
27. Statistical methods help managers make sense of data and gain insight about
the:
a. ability of using statistics and quality tools in daily
work. b. nature of variation in all processes.
c. nature of variation in the processes they manage.
d. technology used for data analysis and visualization.
ANSWER: c
DIFFICULTY: Difficulty: Moderate
KEYWORDS: Bloom's:
Knowledge
Cengage Learning Testing, Powered by Cognero Page 8
Chapter 6 - Statistical Methods in Quality
Management
ACCREDITING STANDARDS: BUSPROG: Analytic
DISC: Strategy
TOPICS: DESC.EVAB.17.06.01 Basic Probability Concepts
KEYWORDS: Bloom's:
Knowledge
Cengage Learning Testing, Powered by Cognero Page 9
Chapter 6 - Statistical Methods in Quality
Management
28. The collection of all possible outcomes of an experiment is called the
. a. event
b. population
c. random
variable d.
sample space
ANSWER: d DIFFICULTY:
Difficulty: Easy ACCREDITING STANDARDS:
BUSPROG: Analytic
DISC: Strategy
TOPICS: DESC.EVAB.17.06.01 Basic Probability Concepts
KEYWORDS: Bloom's: Knowledge
29. The conditional probability of an event A given that event B is known is given by:
a. .
b. .
c. .
d. .
ANSWER: b
DIFFICULTY: Difficulty: Moderate
ACCREDITING STANDARDS: BUSPROG: Analytic
DISC: Strategy
TOPICS: DESC.EVAB.17.06.01 Basic Probability Concepts
KEYWORDS: Bloom's: Knowledge
30. A is a function that assigns a numerical value to every possible outcome in a sample
space. a. probability distribution
b. population
parameter c. sample
statistic
d. random variable
ANSWER: d
DIFFICULTY: Difficulty: Moderate
ACCREDITING STANDARDS: BUSPROG: Analytic
DISC: Strategy
TOPICS: DESC.EVAB.17.06.02 Probability Distributions
Cengage Learning Testing, Powered by Cognero Page 8
Chapter 6 - Statistical Methods in Quality
Management
KEYWORDS: Bloom's: Knowledge
ANSWER: d DIFFICULTY:
Difficulty: Easy ACCREDITING STANDARDS:
BUSPROG: Analytic
DISC: Strategy
TOPICS: DESC.EVAB.17.06.02 Probability Distributions
KEYWORDS: Bloom's: Knowledge
32. If a normal random variable has a mean = and a standard deviation = , it is called a
standard normal distribution.
a. 1; 0
b. 1; 1
c. 0; 0
d. 0; 1
ANSWER: d DIFFICULTY:
Difficulty: Easy ACCREDITING STANDARDS:
BUSPROG: Analytic
DISC: Strategy
TOPICS: DESC.EVAB.17.06.02 Probability Distributions
KEYWORDS: Bloom's: Knowledge
33. A perfume bottle is designed to have a capacity of 15 ounces. There is variation in the bottle manufacturing
process.
Based on historical data, let’s suppose that the bottle capacity can be reasonably modeled by a normal
distribution with a mean of 15 ounces and a standard deviation of 0.2 ounces. What proportion of these
bottles will have a capacity between 14.7 and 15.1 ounces?
a. 0.3830
b. 0.6247
c. 0.8664
d. 0.9876
ANSWER: b
DIFFICULTY: Difficulty: Challenging
ACCREDITING STANDARDS: BUSPROG: Analytic
DISC: Strategy
TOPICS: DESC.EVAB.17.06.02 Probability Distributions
KEYWORDS: Bloom's: Application
a.
exponential
b. Poisson
c. normal
d.
binomial
ANSWER: a
DIFFICULTY: Difficulty: Moderate
ACCREDITING STANDARDS: BUSPROG: Analytic
DISC: Strategy
TOPICS: DESC.EVAB.17.06.02 Probability Distributions
KEYWORDS: Bloom's: Knowledge
35. The component of statistical methodology that includes the collection, organization, and summarization of
data is called:
a. probability
distribution. b.
descriptive statistics.
c. statistical
inference. d.
predictive statistics.
ANSWER: b DIFFICULTY:
Difficulty: Easy ACCREDITING STANDARDS:
BUSPROG: Analytic
DISC: Strategy
TOPICS: DESC.EVAB.17.06.03 Statistical Methodology
KEYWORDS: Bloom's: Knowledge
36. is the process of drawing conclusions about unknown characteristics of a population from which
data are taken.
a. Descriptive
statistics b.
Regression analysis c.
Statistical inference d.
Correlation analysis
ANSWER: c DIFFICULTY:
Difficulty: Easy ACCREDITING STANDARDS:
BUSPROG: Analytic
DISC: Strategy
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Chapter 6 - Statistical Methods in Quality
Management
TOPICS: DESC.EVAB.17.06.03 Statistical Methodology
KEYWORDS: Bloom's: Knowledge
ANSWER: d DIFFICULTY:
Difficulty: Easy ACCREDITING STANDARDS:
BUSPROG: Analytic
DISC: Strategy
TOPICS: DESC.EVAB.17.06.03 Statistical Methodology
KEYWORDS: Bloom's: Knowledge
38. Which of the following requires the opinion of an expert to determine the location and characteristics of a
definable sample group?
a. Judgment sample
b. Simple random
sample c. Systematic
sample
d. Stratified sample
ANSWER: a
DIFFICULTY: Difficulty: Moderate
ACCREDITING STANDARDS: BUSPROG: Analytic
DISC: Strategy
TOPICS: DESC.EVAB.17.06.03 Statistical Methodology
KEYWORDS: Bloom's: Knowledge
39. Partitioning a population into hierarchical groups or levels and selecting a sample from each group is known as:
a. simple random
sampling. b. stratified
sampling.
c. systematic
sampling. d. cluster
sampling.
ANSWER: b
DIFFICULTY: Difficulty: Moderate
ACCREDITING STANDARDS: BUSPROG: Analytic
DISC: Strategy
TOPICS: DESC.EVAB.17.06.03 Statistical Methodology
KEYWORDS: Bloom's: Knowledge
Cengage Learning Testing, Powered by Cognero Page 13
Chapter 6 - Statistical Methods in Quality
Management
40. The sampling method where every item in the population has an equal probability of being selected is called:
a. simple random
sampling. b. cluster
sampling.
c. systematic
sampling. d. judgment
sampling.
ANSWER: a
DIFFICULTY: Difficulty: Moderate
ACCREDITING STANDARDS: BUSPROG: Analytic
DISC: Strategy
TOPICS: DESC.EVAB.17.06.03 Statistical Methodology
KEYWORDS: Bloom's: Knowledge
41. A typical group is selected from the population, and a random sample is taken from within the group. This
is an example of sampling.
a. simple
random b.
cluster
c. stratified
d.
judgment
ANSWER: b
DIFFICULTY: Difficulty: Moderate
ACCREDITING STANDARDS: BUSPROG: Analytic
DISC: Strategy
TOPICS: DESC.EVAB.17.06.03 Statistical Methodology
KEYWORDS: Bloom's: Comprehension
ANSWER: b
DIFFICULTY: Difficulty: Moderate
ACCREDITING STANDARDS: BUSPROG: Analytic
DISC: Strategy
TOPICS: DESC.EVAB.17.06.03 Statistical Methodology
KEYWORDS: Bloom's: Knowledge
Cengage Learning Testing, Powered by Cognero Page 14
Chapter 6 - Statistical Methods in Quality
Management
43. Any sampling procedure can result in types of
errors. a. two
b. three
c. four
d. five
ANSWER: a DIFFICULTY:
Difficulty: Easy ACCREDITING STANDARDS:
BUSPROG: Analytic
DISC: Strategy
TOPICS: DESC.EVAB.17.06.03 Statistical Methodology
KEYWORDS: Bloom's: Knowledge
44. Any sampling procedure can result in two types of errors: error and
error. a. sampling; systematic
b. simple; conditional
c. random;
measurement d.
standard; variable
ANSWER: a
DIFFICULTY: Difficulty: Moderate
ACCREDITING STANDARDS: BUSPROG: Analytic
DISC: Strategy
TOPICS: DESC.EVAB.17.06.03 Statistical Methodology
KEYWORDS: Bloom's: Knowledge
ANSWER: c
DIFFICULTY: Difficulty: Moderate
ACCREDITING STANDARDS: BUSPROG: Analytic
DISC: Strategy
TOPICS: DESC.EVAB.17.06.03 Statistical Methodology
KEYWORDS: Bloom's: Knowledge
ANSWER: c DIFFICULTY:
Difficulty: Easy ACCREDITING STANDARDS:
BUSPROG: Analytic
DISC: Strategy
TOPICS: DESC.EVAB.17.06.03 Statistical Methodology
KEYWORDS: Bloom's: Knowledge
47. Calculating the average value of 5 sample measurements of a door width is an example of:
a. descriptive
statistics. b.
hypothesis testing.
c. regression analysis.
d. design of experiments.
ANSWER: a DIFFICULTY:
Difficulty: Easy ACCREDITING STANDARDS:
BUSPROG: Analytic
DISC: Strategy
TOPICS: DESC.EVAB.17.06.03 Statistical Methodology
KEYWORDS: Bloom's: Comprehension
ANSWER: b DIFFICULTY:
Difficulty: Easy ACCREDITING STANDARDS:
BUSPROG: Analytic
DISC: Strategy
TOPICS: DESC.EVAB.17.06.03 Statistical Methodology
KEYWORDS: Bloom's: Knowledge
ANSWER: c
DIFFICULTY: Difficulty: Moderate
ACCREDITING STANDARDS: BUSPROG: Analytic
DISC: Strategy
TOPICS: DESC.EVAB.17.06.03 Statistical Methodology
KEYWORDS: Bloom's: Application
ANSWER: b DIFFICULTY:
Difficulty: Easy ACCREDITING STANDARDS:
BUSPROG: Analytic
DISC: Strategy
TOPICS: DESC.EVAB.17.06.03 Statistical Methodology
KEYWORDS: Bloom's: Knowledge
ANSWER: a DIFFICULTY:
Difficulty: Easy ACCREDITING STANDARDS:
BUSPROG: Technology
DISC: Information Technologies
TOPICS: DESC.EVAB.17.06.04 Statistical Analysis with Microsoft Excel
KEYWORDS: Bloom's: Knowledge
ANSWER: c
DIFFICULTY: Difficulty: Challenging
ACCREDITING STANDARDS: BUSPROG: Analytic
DISC: Strategy
TOPICS: DESC.EVAB.17.06.05 Statistical Inference
KEYWORDS: Bloom's: Application
53. Everything else remaining constant, when the sample size increases:
a. the variance
decreases. b. the
variance increases.
c. the variance is unaffected.
d. the variance could increase or decrease.
ANSWER: a
DIFFICULTY: Difficulty: Moderate
ACCREDITING STANDARDS: BUSPROG: Analytic
DISC: Strategy
TOPICS: DESC.EVAB.17.06.05 Statistical Inference
KEYWORDS: Bloom's: Comprehension
54. The approximation to a normal distribution can be assumed for sample sizes of
. a. 15
b. 20
c. 25
d. 30 or more
ANSWER: d DIFFICULTY:
Difficulty: Easy ACCREDITING STANDARDS:
BUSPROG: Analytic
DISC: Strategy
TOPICS: DESC.EVAB.17.06.05 Statistical Inference
KEYWORDS: Bloom's: Knowledge
ANSWER: d
DIFFICULTY: Difficulty: Challenging
ACCREDITING STANDARDS: BUSPROG:
Analytic
DISC: Strategy
TOPICS: DESC.EVAB.17.06.05 Statistical Inference
KEYWORDS: Bloom's: Application
56. A manager at a local manufacturing company has been monitoring the output of one of the machines used to
manufacture chromium shells. Past data indicate that if the machine is functioning properly, the length of the
shells produced by this machine can be modeled as being normally distributed with a mean of 118 centimeters
and a standard deviation of 6.3 centimeters. Suppose 10 shells produced by this machine are randomly
selected. What is the probability that the average length of these 10 shells will be between 116 and 120
centimeters when the machine is operating “properly"?
a. 0.2709
b. 0.2943
c. 0.6826
d. 0.9656
ANSWER: c
DIFFICULTY: Difficulty: Challenging
ACCREDITING STANDARDS: BUSPROG:
Analytic
DISC: Strategy
TOPICS: DESC.EVAB.17.06.05 Statistical Inference
KEYWORDS: Bloom's: Application
ANSWER: c
DIFFICULTY: Difficulty: Challenging
ACCREDITING STANDARDS: BUSPROG: Analytic
DISC: Strategy
TOPICS: DESC.EVAB.17.06.05 Statistical Inference
KEYWORDS: Bloom's: Application
58. A government report gives a 99% confidence interval for the proportion of welfare recipients who have been
receiving welfare benefits for more than 5 years to be 21% ± 4.5%. Which of the following intervals could not
be a
95% confidence interval for the proportion of welfare recipients who have been receiving welfare benefits for
more than 5 years?
a. 21% ± 4.2%
b. 21% ±
3.76% c. 21%
± 3.9% d. 21%
± 4.8%
ANSWER: d
DIFFICULTY: Difficulty: Challenging
ACCREDITING STANDARDS: BUSPROG: Analytic
DISC: Strategy
TOPICS: DESC.EVAB.17.06.05 Statistical Inference
KEYWORDS: Bloom's: Comprehension
ANSWER: d
DIFFICULTY: Difficulty: Challenging
ACCREDITING STANDARDS: BUSPROG: Analytic
DISC: Strategy
TOPICS: DESC.EVAB.17.06.05 Statistical Inference
KEYWORDS: Bloom's: Application
60. involve(s) drawing inferences about two contrasting propositions relating to the value of a
population parameter, one of which is assumed to be true in the absence of contradictory data.
a. Probability
distributions b.
Hypothesis testing
c. Descriptive
statistics d. Predictive
statistics
ANSWER: b
DIFFICULTY: Difficulty: Moderate
ACCREDITING STANDARDS: BUSPROG: Analytic
DISC: Strategy
TOPICS: DESC.EVAB.17.06.05 Statistical Inference
KEYWORDS: Bloom's: Knowledge
61. The rejection region is chosen so that the probability of the test statistic falling into it, if H0 is true, is
. a.
b.
c.
d.
ANSWER: b
DIFFICULTY: Difficulty: Moderate
ACCREDITING STANDARDS: BUSPROG: Analytic
DISC: Strategy
TOPICS: DESC.EVAB.17.06.05 Statistical Inference
KEYWORDS: Bloom's: Knowledge
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Chapter 6 - Statistical Methods in Quality
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62. is a methodology for drawing conclusions about equality of means of multiple
populations. a. Quality analysis
b. Correlation analysis
c. Analysis of
variance d.
Regression analysis
ANSWER: c DIFFICULTY:
Difficulty: Easy ACCREDITING STANDARDS:
BUSPROG: Analytic
DISC: Strategy
TOPICS: DESC.EVAB.17.06.05 Statistical Inference
KEYWORDS: Bloom's: Knowledge
63. In ANOVA, by dividing the mean square between groups by the mean square within groups, a(n)
statistic is computed.
a. t
b. z
c. F
d. R2
ANSWER: c
DIFFICULTY: Difficulty: Moderate
ACCREDITING STANDARDS: BUSPROG: Analytic
DISC: Strategy
TOPICS: DESC.EVAB.17.06.05 Statistical Inference
KEYWORDS: Bloom's: Knowledge
64. Suppose that a scatter diagram depicts a relationship between the two variables that can be summarized by a
straight line. The correlation coefficient is computed and results in a value of -0.73. Which of the following is
NOT TRUE?
a. There is a linear relationship between the two variables.
b. In general, an increase in one variable is associated with an increase in the other
variable. c. In general, an increase in one variable is associated with a decrease in the
other variable.
d. Even though the correlation coefficient is less than zero, it still communicates the strength of the
linear relationship.
ANSWER: b
DIFFICULTY: Difficulty: Moderate
ACCREDITING STANDARDS: BUSPROG: Analytic
DISC: Strategy
TOPICS: DESC.EVAB.17.06.05 Statistical Inference
KEYWORDS: Bloom's: Application
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Chapter 6 - Statistical Methods in Quality
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65. Three scatter diagrams are given below. How many of the diagrams present data that can be described by a
linear relationship and, therefore, justifiably summarized by the correlation coefficient?
Plot A
Plot B
Plot C
a. Plot A
b. Plot B
ANSWER: d
DIFFICULTY: Difficulty: Moderate
ACCREDITING STANDARDS: BUSPROG: Analytic
DISC: Strategy
TOPICS: DESC.EVAB.17.06.05 Statistical Inference
KEYWORDS: Bloom's: Comprehension
66. In regression analysis, measures the proportion of the variation in the dependent variable that is
explained by the independent variable(s).
a. coefficient of
correlation b. an F
statistic
c. coefficient of
determination d. regression
equation
ANSWER: c DIFFICULTY:
Difficulty: Easy ACCREDITING STANDARDS:
BUSPROG: Analytic
DISC: Strategy
TOPICS: DESC.EVAB.17.06.05 Statistical Inference
KEYWORDS: Bloom's: Knowledge
67. is a test or series of tests that enables the experimenter to compare two or more methods to determine
which is better or determine levels of controllable factors to optimize the yield of a process or minimize the
variability of a response variable.
a. Designed
experiment b.
Hypothesis testing
c. Kurtosis
d. Regression
ANSWER: a
DIFFICULTY: Difficulty: Moderate
ACCREDITING STANDARDS: BUSPROG: Analytic
DISC: Strategy
TOPICS: DESC.EVAB.17.06.05 Statistical Inference
KEYWORDS: Bloom's: Knowledge
ANSWER: b
DIFFICULTY: Difficulty: Moderate
ACCREDITING STANDARDS: BUSPROG:
Analytic
DISC: Strategy
TOPICS: DESC.EVAB.17.06.05 Statistical Inference
KEYWORDS: Bloom's: Knowledge
69. In a factorial experiment, each combination of different levels of the factor is called a(n)
. a. main effect
b. response
c. treatment
d. interaction
ANSWER: c
DIFFICULTY: Difficulty: Moderate
ACCREDITING STANDARDS: BUSPROG:
Analytic
DISC: Strategy
TOPICS: DESC.EVAB.17.06.05 Statistical Inference
KEYWORDS: Bloom's: Knowledge
70. An experiment that evaluates the effect of two temperatures (100 and 200 degrees F) and two reaction
times (45 and 95 minutes) on process yield has possible combinations to test.
a. 2
b. 4
c. 6
d. 8
ANSWER: b DIFFICULTY:
Difficulty: Easy ACCREDITING STANDARDS:
BUSPROG: Analytic
DISC: Strategy
TOPICS: DESC.EVAB.17.06.05 Statistical Inference
KEYWORDS: Bloom's: Application
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Chapter 6 - Statistical Methods in Quality
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71. In a designed experiment, a(n) measures the difference that a factor has on the
response. a. main effect
b. factorial
c. treatment
d.
interaction
ANSWER: a
DIFFICULTY: Difficulty: Moderate
ACCREDITING STANDARDS: BUSPROG: Analytic
DISC: Strategy
TOPICS: DESC.EVAB.17.06.05 Statistical Inference
KEYWORDS: Bloom's: Knowledge
Suppose we label the n outcomes in a sample space as O1, O2, …, On, where
Oi represents the ith outcome in the sample space. Let P(Oi) be the
probability associated with the outcome Oi. Then:
• The sum of the probabilities over all possible outcomes must be 1.0, or
P(O1) + P(O2) + ... + P(On) = 1
DIFFICULTY: Difficulty: Moderate
ACCREDITING STANDARDS: BUSPROG: Analytic
DISC: Strategy
TOPICS: DESC.EVAB.17.06.01 Basic Probability Concepts
KEYWORDS: Bloom's: Knowledge
Rule 1: The probability of any event is the sum of the probabilities of the
outcomes that compose that event.
Rule 2: The probability of the complement of any event A is P(Ac) = 1 – P(A).
Rule 3: If events A and B are mutually exclusive, then P(A or B) = P(A) +
P(B). Rule 4: If two events A and B are not mutually exclusive, then P(A or B)
= P(A) + P(B) – P(A and B). Here, (A and B) represents the intersection of
events A and B; that is, all outcomes belonging to both A and B.
DIFFICULTY: Difficulty: Challenging
ACCREDITING STANDARDS: BUSPROG: Analytic
DISC: Strategy
TOPICS: DESC.EVAB.17.06.01 Basic Probability Concepts
KEYWORDS: Bloom's: Knowledge
74. Define binomial and Poisson distributions. State their probability functions.
ANSWER: Binomial Distribution:
x = 0, 1, 2, ..., n
where p is the probability of a success, n is the number of items in the sample, and
x is the number of items for which the probability is desired (0, 1, 2, …,
The second discrete distribution often used in quality control is the Poisson
distribution. It used to calculate the number of occurrences of an event over a
specified interval of time or space. The Poisson probability distribution is given
by,
76. The times (in minutes) required by a sample of 15 students to complete a class assignment are given below:
45, 42, 56, 54, 40, 37, 39, 45, 49, 43, 45, 50, 49, 55, 48
Using Excel functions and calculate the mean, median, mode, range, sample variance, and sample standard
deviation.
ANSWER: Using Excel 2010 functions,
78. What is a sampling distribution? State the sampling distributions of and p for finite
populations.
ANSWER: A sampling distribution is the distribution of a statistic for all possible samples
of a fixed size. In quality, the sampling distributions of , the sample mean and
p, the sample proportion, are of the most interest.
Sampling distribution of :
When using simple random sampling, the expected value of is the
population mean .
The standard deviation of (often called the standard error of the mean) is
Sampling distribution of p:
a. What is the 95% confidence interval for the population mean payment error?
b. Suppose a recent company report inferred that the mean payment error may be running as high as $25. That
led the manager to test the null hypothesis that the population mean payment error is equal to $25 versus the
alternative that the population mean payment error is not equal to $25. Using a level of significance equal to
0.01, perform this hypothesis test.
c. Suppose another manager used this same data to test the null hypothesis that the population mean payment
error is less than or equal to $15 versus the alternative that the population mean payment error is greater than
$15. What is the test statistic for this hypothesis testing situation? What is the critical value at a level of
significance equal to 0.01? What is the conclusion?
ANSWER: a. The 95% confidence interval:
Since this is not less than the lower-tail critical value of -3.106, the manager
would not reject the null hypothesis.
Since this is less than the upper-tail critical value of 2.718, the manager would
not reject the null hypothesis.
DIFFICULTY: Difficulty: Challenging
ACCREDITING STANDARDS: BUSPROG: Analytic
DISC: Strategy
TOPICS: DESC.EVAB.17.06.05 Statistical Inference
KEYWORDS: Bloom's: Application
ANSWER: d
DIFFICULTY: Difficulty: Moderate
ACCREDITING STANDARDS: BUSPROG: Analytic
DISC: Operations Management
TOPICS: DESC.EVAB.17.06.06 Quality in Practice: Modern Applications of Statistics in
Quality
KEYWORDS: Bloom's: Knowledge
84.
The manufacture of discrete parts often calls for the use of different statistical tools from those used in the
processing industries. Which of the following designed experiments on computer models would NOT be
required? a. Finite element analysis and computational fluid dynamics
b. Tolerance stack-up
analyses c. Traceability
studies
d. Redesign of the billing process
ANSWER: d
DIFFICULTY: Difficulty: Moderate
ACCREDITING STANDARDS: BUSPROG: Analytic
DISC: Operations Management
TOPICS: DESC.EVAB.17.06.06 Quality in Practice: Modern Applications of Statistics in
Quality
KEYWORDS: Bloom's: Knowledge
ANSWER: Statistics are used extensively to improve business processes. Such projects
are often undertaken as Six Sigma projects. Some examples include
redesigning a billing process to eliminate errors and collect revenues faster,
increasing a call center’s timeliness in successfully addressing customer
issues, and reducing cycle time and shipment errors in filling customer orders.
DIFFICULTY: Moderate
ACCREDITING STANDARDS: BUSPROG - Analytic
DISC - Operations Management
TOPICS: DESC.EVAB.17.06.06 Quality in Practice: Modern Applications of Statistics in
Quality
KEYWORDS: Bloom's: Knowledge
86. Many new industries—such as bioinformatics, medical imaging, and nanotechnology—are emerging as part of a
long list of industries that employ statistics. What are some examples?
87. What are the typical soldering defects in a wave soldering process of a PCA-Encoder?
ANSWER:
Typical soldering defects are blowholes (insufficient solder) and bridges
(solder between two joints).
DIFFICULTY: Easy
ACCREDITING STANDARDS: BUSPROG - Analytic
DISC - Operations Management
TOPICS: DESC.EVAB.17.06.07 Quality in Practice: Improving Quality of a Wave
Soldering
Process Through Design of Experiments
KEYWORDS: Bloom's: Knowledge
ANSWER: b DIFFICULTY:
Moderate ACCREDITING STANDARDS:
BUSPROG - Analytic
DISC - Operations Management
TOPICS: DESC.EVAB.17.06.07 Quality in Practice: Improving Quality of a Wave
Soldering
Process Through Design of Experiments
KEYWORDS: Bloom's: Knowledge
89. What are the aspects of the wave soldering process that might affect the resulting quality of the PCA-
Encoders?
ANSWER: The quality engineers conducted a detailed study on the solder defects to
understand what aspects of the wave soldering process might affect the
resulting quality. These were identified as
1. Conveyor speed
2. Conveyor angle
3. Solder bath temperature
4. Solder wave height
5. Vibration of wave
6. Preheater temperature
7. Air knife
8. Acid number (solid content in the flux), which is difficult to control
because of environmental conditions
DIFFICULTY: Moderate
ACCREDITING STANDARDS: BUSPROG - Analytic
DISC - Operations Management
TOPICS: DESC.EVAB.17.06.07 Quality in Practice: Improving Quality of a Wave
Soldering
Process Through Design of Experiments
KEYWORDS: Bloom's: Knowledge
ANSWER: c DIFFICULTY:
Moderate ACCREDITING STANDARDS:
BUSPROG - Analytic
DISC - Operations Management
TOPICS: DESC.EVAB.17.06.07 Quality in Practice: Improving Quality of a Wave
Soldering
Process Through Design of Experiments
KEYWORDS: Bloom's: Knowledge
93. Why were additional experimental designs conducted to reduce soldering defects in the process?
ANSWER: The predicted average and the result of a confirmatory experiment were not
sufficient to eliminate inspection completely, so additional experimental
designs were conducted to reduce defects.
DIFFICULTY: Difficulty: Moderate
ACCREDITING STANDARDS: BUSPROG: Analytic
DISC: Operations Management
TOPICS: DESC.EVAB.17.06.07 Quality in Practice: Improving Quality of a Wave
Soldering
Process Through Design of Experiments
KEYWORDS: Bloom's: Knowledge
94. Explain how the new experiment was conducted to reduce soldering defects in the process.
ANSWER: The next experiment considered the results of the first experiment and some of
the uncontrollable factors. However, the different levels of the significant
factors from the first experiment were selected in such a way that the new
levels were allowed to vary around the optimum level of the first experiment.
Based on the results of these additional experiments, new optimum levels of
factors were identified and implemented with significant improvements.
DIFFICULTY: Difficulty: Moderate
ACCREDITING STANDARDS: BUSPROG: Analytic
DISC: Operations Management
TOPICS: DESC.EVAB.17.06.07 Quality in Practice: Improving Quality of a Wave
Soldering
Process Through Design of Experiments
KEYWORDS: Bloom's: Knowledge