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Managing For Quality and Performance Excellence 10th Edition Evans Test Bank Download

This document contains 19 multiple choice questions assessing knowledge of statistical concepts and methods discussed in Chapter 6 of the textbook "Managing for Quality and Performance Excellence". The questions cover topics such as probability, probability distributions, statistical methodology, and using Microsoft Excel for statistical analysis. Correct answers are provided for each question.

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Alma Kawamura
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100% found this document useful (27 votes)
216 views44 pages

Managing For Quality and Performance Excellence 10th Edition Evans Test Bank Download

This document contains 19 multiple choice questions assessing knowledge of statistical concepts and methods discussed in Chapter 6 of the textbook "Managing for Quality and Performance Excellence". The questions cover topics such as probability, probability distributions, statistical methodology, and using Microsoft Excel for statistical analysis. Correct answers are provided for each question.

Uploaded by

Alma Kawamura
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Chapter 6 - Statistical Methods in Quality

Management
Managing for Quality and Performance
Excellence 10th Edition Evans Test Bank
Full download at link:

Test Bank: https://testbankpack.com/p/test-bank-for-managing-for-quality-and-


performance-excellence-10th-edition-evans-lindsay-1305662547-9781305662544/

Solution Manual: https://testbankpack.com/p/solution-manual-for-managing-


for-quality-and-performance-excellence-10th-edition-evans-lindsay-1305662547-
9781305662544/

1. Statistics is a science concerned with the collection, organization, analysis, interpretation, and presentation of
data. a. True
b. False

ANSWER: True
DIFFICULTY: Difficulty: Easy
ACCREDITING STANDARDS: BUSPROG:
Analytic
DISC: Strategy
TOPICS: DESC.EVAB.17.06.01 Basic Probability Concepts
KEYWORDS: Bloom's: Knowledge

2. The collection of all possible outcomes of an experiment is called an


event. a. True
b. False

ANSWER: False
DIFFICULTY: Difficulty: Easy
ACCREDITING STANDARDS: BUSPROG:
Analytic
DISC: Strategy
TOPICS: DESC.EVAB.17.06.01 Basic Probability Concepts
KEYWORDS: Bloom's: Knowledge

3. Probability is the likelihood that an outcome


occurs. a. True
b. False

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Chapter 6 - Statistical Methods in Quality
Management
ANSWER: True
DIFFICULTY: Difficulty: Easy
ACCREDITING STANDARDS: BUSPROG:
Analytic
DISC: Strategy
TOPICS: DESC.EVAB.17.06.01 Basic Probability Concepts
KEYWORDS: Bloom's: Knowledge

4. The sum of the probabilities over all possible outcomes must be between 0
and 1. a. True
b. False

ANSWER: False
DIFFICULTY: Difficulty: Easy
ACCREDITING STANDARDS: BUSPROG:
Analytic
DISC: Strategy
TOPICS: DESC.EVAB.17.06.01 Basic Probability Concepts
KEYWORDS: Bloom's: Knowledge

Cengage Learning Testing, Powered by Cognero Page 2


Chapter 6 - Statistical Methods in Quality
Management
5. Two events are independent if they have no outcomes in
common. a. True
b. False

ANSWER: False
DIFFICULTY: Difficulty: Moderate
ACCREDITING STANDARDS: BUSPROG: Analytic
DISC: Strategy
TOPICS: DESC.EVAB.17.06.01 Basic Probability Concepts
KEYWORDS: Bloom's: Knowledge

6. A random variable is a numerical description of the outcome of an


experiment. a. True
b. False

ANSWER: True
DIFFICULTY: Difficulty: Moderate
ACCREDITING STANDARDS: BUSPROG: Analytic
DISC: Strategy
TOPICS: DESC.EVAB.17.06.02 Probability Distributions
KEYWORDS: Bloom's: Knowledge

7. The Poisson distribution is closely related to the binomial


distribution. a. True
b. False

ANSWER: True
DIFFICULTY: Difficulty: Easy
ACCREDITING STANDARDS: BUSPROG:
Analytic
DISC: Strategy
TOPICS: DESC.EVAB.17.06.02 Probability Distributions
KEYWORDS: Bloom's: Knowledge

8. The number of defects observed in a sample is an example of a continuous random


variable. a. True
b. False

ANSWER: False
DIFFICULTY: Difficulty: Moderate
ACCREDITING STANDARDS: BUSPROG: Analytic
DISC: Strategy
TOPICS: DESC.EVAB.17.06.02 Probability Distributions
KEYWORDS: Bloom's: Comprehension

Cengage Learning Testing, Powered by Cognero Page 3


Chapter 6 - Statistical Methods in Quality
Management
9. The probability density function for the normal distribution is,

a. True
b. False

ANSWER: False
DIFFICULTY: Difficulty: Moderate
ACCREDITING STANDARDS: BUSPROG: Analytic
DISC: Strategy
TOPICS: DESC.EVAB.17.06.02 Probability Distributions
KEYWORDS: Bloom's: Knowledge

10. Often, the positively skewed data can be transformed to a normal distribution by using a mathematical
transformation such as taking logarithms.
a. True
b. False

ANSWER: True
DIFFICULTY: Difficulty: Moderate
ACCREDITING STANDARDS: BUSPROG: Analytic
DISC: Strategy
TOPICS: DESC.EVAB.17.06.02 Probability Distributions
KEYWORDS: Bloom's: Comprehension

11. Products are boxed in groups of 25. Drawing a sample of boxes and inspecting all units in the boxes selected
is an example of systematic sampling.
a. True
b. False

ANSWER: False
DIFFICULTY: Difficulty: Moderate
ACCREDITING STANDARDS: BUSPROG: Analytic
DISC: Strategy
TOPICS: DESC.EVAB.17.06.03 Statistical Methodology
KEYWORDS: Bloom's: Comprehension

Cengage Learning Testing, Powered by Cognero Page 4


Chapter 6 - Statistical Methods in Quality
Management
12. The median specifies the middle value when the data are arranged from smallest to
largest. a. True
b. False

ANSWER: True
DIFFICULTY: Difficulty: Easy
ACCREDITING STANDARDS: BUSPROG:
Analytic
DISC: Strategy
TOPICS: DESC.EVAB.17.06.03 Statistical Methodology
KEYWORDS: Bloom's: Knowledge

13. The variance is the simplest measure of dispersion and is computed as the difference between the maximum
value and the minimum value in the data set.
a. True
b. False

ANSWER: False
DIFFICULTY: Difficulty: Easy
ACCREDITING STANDARDS: BUSPROG:
Analytic
DISC: Strategy
TOPICS: DESC.EVAB.17.06.03 Statistical Methodology
KEYWORDS: Bloom's: Knowledge

14. Distributions with values of coefficient of kurtosis (CK) greater than 3 are more peaked with less
dispersion. a. True
b. False

ANSWER: True
DIFFICULTY: Difficulty: Moderate
ACCREDITING STANDARDS: BUSPROG: Analytic
DISC: Strategy
TOPICS: DESC.EVAB.17.06.03 Statistical Methodology
KEYWORDS: Bloom's: Knowledge

15. The Data Validation Toolpak in Microsoft Excel for Windows provides many procedures for conducting
statistical analyses.
a. True
b. False

ANSWER: False DIFFICULTY:


Difficulty: Easy ACCREDITING STANDARDS:
BUSPROG: Technology
DISC: Information Technologies
Cengage Learning Testing, Powered by Cognero Page 5
Chapter 6 - Statistical Methods in Quality
Management
TOPICS: DESC.EVAB.17.06.04 Statistical Analysis with Microsoft Excel
KEYWORDS: Bloom's: Knowledge

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Chapter 6 - Statistical Methods in Quality
Management
16. A frequency distribution is a table that shows the number of observations in each of several nonoverlapping
groups. a. True
b. False

ANSWER: True
DIFFICULTY: Difficulty: Easy
ACCREDITING STANDARDS: BUSPROG:
Analytic
DISC: Information
Technologies
TOPICS: DESC.EVAB.17.06.04 Statistical Analysis with Microsoft Excel
KEYWORDS: Bloom's: Knowledge

17. The Histogram tool provides the basic statistical measures of location, dispersion, and
shape. a. True
b. False

ANSWER: False
DIFFICULTY: Difficulty: Moderate
ACCREDITING STANDARDS: BUSPROG: Technology
DISC: Information
Technologies
TOPICS: DESC.EVAB.17.06.04 Statistical Analysis with Microsoft Excel
KEYWORDS: Bloom's: Knowledge

18. One of the major disadvantages of the Histogram tool is that the results are not dynamically linked to the
data. a. True
b. False

ANSWER: True
DIFFICULTY: Difficulty: Moderate
ACCREDITING STANDARDS: BUSPROG: Technology
DISC: Information
Technologies
TOPICS: DESC.EVAB.17.06.04 Statistical Analysis with Microsoft Excel
KEYWORDS: Bloom's: Knowledge

19. As the sample size increases, the standard error of the mean increases, all else being held
constant. a. True
b. False

ANSWER: False
DIFFICULTY: Difficulty: Moderate
ACCREDITING STANDARDS: BUSPROG: Analytic
DISC: Strategy

Cengage Learning Testing, Powered by Cognero Page 7


Chapter 6 - Statistical Methods in Quality
Management
TOPICS: DESC.EVAB.17.06.05 Statistical Inference
KEYWORDS: Bloom's: Comprehension

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Chapter 6 - Statistical Methods in Quality
Management
20. A confidence interval is an interval estimate of a population parameter that also specifies the likelihood
that the interval contains the true population parameter.
a. True
b. False

ANSWER: True
DIFFICULTY: Difficulty: Easy
ACCREDITING STANDARDS: BUSPROG:
Analytic
DISC: Strategy
TOPICS: DESC.EVAB.17.06.05 Statistical Inference
KEYWORDS: Bloom's: Knowledge

21. All else being equal, as the confidence level increases, the confidence interval becomes
larger to provide higher levels of assurance that the interval contains the true population
parameter. a. True
b. False

ANSWER: True
DIFFICULTY: Difficulty: Moderate
ACCREDITING STANDARDS: BUSPROG: Analytic
DISC: Strategy
TOPICS: DESC.EVAB.17.06.05 Statistical Inference
KEYWORDS: Bloom's: Comprehension

22. In hypothesis testing, the null hypothesis, H0, is assumed to be false in the absence of contradictory
data. a. True
b. False

ANSWER: False
DIFFICULTY: Difficulty: Moderate
ACCREDITING STANDARDS: BUSPROG: Analytic
DISC: Strategy
TOPICS: DESC.EVAB.17.06.05 Statistical Inference
KEYWORDS: Bloom's: Knowledge

23. Correlation is a measure of a linear relationship between two variables, X and Y, and is measured by the
(population)
correlation
coefficient. a. True
b. False

ANSWER: True
DIFFICULTY: Difficulty: Moderate
KEYWORDS: Bloom's:
Knowledge
Cengage Learning Testing, Powered by Cognero Page 6
Chapter 6 - Statistical Methods in Quality
Management
ACCREDITING STANDARDS: BUSPROG: Analytic
DISC: Strategy
TOPICS: DESC.EVAB.17.06.05 Statistical Inference

KEYWORDS: Bloom's:
Knowledge
Cengage Learning Testing, Powered by Cognero Page 7
Chapter 6 - Statistical Methods in Quality
Management
24. The square of the correlation coefficient is called the coefficient of
determination. a. True
b. False

ANSWER: True
DIFFICULTY: Difficulty: Easy
ACCREDITING STANDARDS: BUSPROG:
Analytic
DISC: Strategy
TOPICS: DESC.EVAB.17.06.05 Statistical Inference
KEYWORDS: Bloom's: Knowledge

25. In general, an experiment with m factors at k levels would have km


combinations. a. True
b. False

ANSWER: False
DIFFICULTY: Difficulty: Moderate
ACCREDITING STANDARDS: BUSPROG: Analytic
DISC: Strategy
TOPICS: DESC.EVAB.17.06.05 Statistical Inference
KEYWORDS: Bloom's: Comprehension

26. When interactions are present in an experiment, main effects have little
meaning. a. True
b. False

ANSWER: True
DIFFICULTY: Difficulty: Moderate
ACCREDITING STANDARDS: BUSPROG: Analytic
DISC: Strategy
TOPICS: DESC.EVAB.17.06.05 Statistical Inference
KEYWORDS: Bloom's: Comprehension

27. Statistical methods help managers make sense of data and gain insight about
the:
a. ability of using statistics and quality tools in daily
work. b. nature of variation in all processes.
c. nature of variation in the processes they manage.
d. technology used for data analysis and visualization.

ANSWER: c
DIFFICULTY: Difficulty: Moderate
KEYWORDS: Bloom's:
Knowledge
Cengage Learning Testing, Powered by Cognero Page 8
Chapter 6 - Statistical Methods in Quality
Management
ACCREDITING STANDARDS: BUSPROG: Analytic
DISC: Strategy
TOPICS: DESC.EVAB.17.06.01 Basic Probability Concepts

KEYWORDS: Bloom's:
Knowledge
Cengage Learning Testing, Powered by Cognero Page 9
Chapter 6 - Statistical Methods in Quality
Management
28. The collection of all possible outcomes of an experiment is called the
. a. event
b. population
c. random
variable d.
sample space

ANSWER: d DIFFICULTY:
Difficulty: Easy ACCREDITING STANDARDS:
BUSPROG: Analytic
DISC: Strategy
TOPICS: DESC.EVAB.17.06.01 Basic Probability Concepts
KEYWORDS: Bloom's: Knowledge

29. The conditional probability of an event A given that event B is known is given by:

a. .

b. .

c. .
d. .

ANSWER: b
DIFFICULTY: Difficulty: Moderate
ACCREDITING STANDARDS: BUSPROG: Analytic
DISC: Strategy
TOPICS: DESC.EVAB.17.06.01 Basic Probability Concepts
KEYWORDS: Bloom's: Knowledge

30. A is a function that assigns a numerical value to every possible outcome in a sample
space. a. probability distribution
b. population
parameter c. sample
statistic
d. random variable

ANSWER: d
DIFFICULTY: Difficulty: Moderate
ACCREDITING STANDARDS: BUSPROG: Analytic
DISC: Strategy
TOPICS: DESC.EVAB.17.06.02 Probability Distributions
Cengage Learning Testing, Powered by Cognero Page 8
Chapter 6 - Statistical Methods in Quality
Management
KEYWORDS: Bloom's: Knowledge

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Chapter 6 - Statistical Methods in Quality
Management
31. A can take on any real value over a specified interval of real
numbers. a. sample space
b. probability distribution
c. discrete random variable
d. continuous random variable

ANSWER: d DIFFICULTY:
Difficulty: Easy ACCREDITING STANDARDS:
BUSPROG: Analytic
DISC: Strategy
TOPICS: DESC.EVAB.17.06.02 Probability Distributions
KEYWORDS: Bloom's: Knowledge

32. If a normal random variable has a mean = and a standard deviation = , it is called a
standard normal distribution.
a. 1; 0
b. 1; 1
c. 0; 0
d. 0; 1

ANSWER: d DIFFICULTY:
Difficulty: Easy ACCREDITING STANDARDS:
BUSPROG: Analytic
DISC: Strategy
TOPICS: DESC.EVAB.17.06.02 Probability Distributions
KEYWORDS: Bloom's: Knowledge

33. A perfume bottle is designed to have a capacity of 15 ounces. There is variation in the bottle manufacturing
process.
Based on historical data, let’s suppose that the bottle capacity can be reasonably modeled by a normal
distribution with a mean of 15 ounces and a standard deviation of 0.2 ounces. What proportion of these
bottles will have a capacity between 14.7 and 15.1 ounces?
a. 0.3830
b. 0.6247
c. 0.8664
d. 0.9876

ANSWER: b
DIFFICULTY: Difficulty: Challenging
ACCREDITING STANDARDS: BUSPROG: Analytic
DISC: Strategy
TOPICS: DESC.EVAB.17.06.02 Probability Distributions
KEYWORDS: Bloom's: Application

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Chapter 6 - Statistical Methods in Quality
Management
34. The distribution models the time between randomly occurring events.

a.
exponential
b. Poisson
c. normal
d.
binomial

ANSWER: a
DIFFICULTY: Difficulty: Moderate
ACCREDITING STANDARDS: BUSPROG: Analytic
DISC: Strategy
TOPICS: DESC.EVAB.17.06.02 Probability Distributions
KEYWORDS: Bloom's: Knowledge

35. The component of statistical methodology that includes the collection, organization, and summarization of
data is called:
a. probability
distribution. b.
descriptive statistics.
c. statistical
inference. d.
predictive statistics.

ANSWER: b DIFFICULTY:
Difficulty: Easy ACCREDITING STANDARDS:
BUSPROG: Analytic
DISC: Strategy
TOPICS: DESC.EVAB.17.06.03 Statistical Methodology
KEYWORDS: Bloom's: Knowledge

36. is the process of drawing conclusions about unknown characteristics of a population from which
data are taken.
a. Descriptive
statistics b.
Regression analysis c.
Statistical inference d.
Correlation analysis

ANSWER: c DIFFICULTY:
Difficulty: Easy ACCREDITING STANDARDS:
BUSPROG: Analytic
DISC: Strategy
Cengage Learning Testing, Powered by Cognero Page 11
Chapter 6 - Statistical Methods in Quality
Management
TOPICS: DESC.EVAB.17.06.03 Statistical Methodology
KEYWORDS: Bloom's: Knowledge

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Chapter 6 - Statistical Methods in Quality
Management
37. Which of the following is NOT a type of sampling
scheme?
a. Stratified sampling
b. Judgment
sampling c. Cluster
sampling
d. Biased sampling

ANSWER: d DIFFICULTY:
Difficulty: Easy ACCREDITING STANDARDS:
BUSPROG: Analytic
DISC: Strategy
TOPICS: DESC.EVAB.17.06.03 Statistical Methodology
KEYWORDS: Bloom's: Knowledge

38. Which of the following requires the opinion of an expert to determine the location and characteristics of a
definable sample group?
a. Judgment sample
b. Simple random
sample c. Systematic
sample
d. Stratified sample

ANSWER: a
DIFFICULTY: Difficulty: Moderate
ACCREDITING STANDARDS: BUSPROG: Analytic
DISC: Strategy
TOPICS: DESC.EVAB.17.06.03 Statistical Methodology
KEYWORDS: Bloom's: Knowledge

39. Partitioning a population into hierarchical groups or levels and selecting a sample from each group is known as:
a. simple random
sampling. b. stratified
sampling.
c. systematic
sampling. d. cluster
sampling.

ANSWER: b
DIFFICULTY: Difficulty: Moderate
ACCREDITING STANDARDS: BUSPROG: Analytic
DISC: Strategy
TOPICS: DESC.EVAB.17.06.03 Statistical Methodology
KEYWORDS: Bloom's: Knowledge
Cengage Learning Testing, Powered by Cognero Page 13
Chapter 6 - Statistical Methods in Quality
Management
40. The sampling method where every item in the population has an equal probability of being selected is called:
a. simple random
sampling. b. cluster
sampling.
c. systematic
sampling. d. judgment
sampling.

ANSWER: a
DIFFICULTY: Difficulty: Moderate
ACCREDITING STANDARDS: BUSPROG: Analytic
DISC: Strategy
TOPICS: DESC.EVAB.17.06.03 Statistical Methodology
KEYWORDS: Bloom's: Knowledge

41. A typical group is selected from the population, and a random sample is taken from within the group. This
is an example of sampling.
a. simple
random b.
cluster
c. stratified
d.
judgment

ANSWER: b
DIFFICULTY: Difficulty: Moderate
ACCREDITING STANDARDS: BUSPROG: Analytic
DISC: Strategy
TOPICS: DESC.EVAB.17.06.03 Statistical Methodology
KEYWORDS: Bloom's: Comprehension

42. If random samples are not used, may be


introduced. a. quality control
b. bias
c. testing
d. probability

ANSWER: b
DIFFICULTY: Difficulty: Moderate
ACCREDITING STANDARDS: BUSPROG: Analytic
DISC: Strategy
TOPICS: DESC.EVAB.17.06.03 Statistical Methodology
KEYWORDS: Bloom's: Knowledge
Cengage Learning Testing, Powered by Cognero Page 14
Chapter 6 - Statistical Methods in Quality
Management
43. Any sampling procedure can result in types of
errors. a. two
b. three
c. four
d. five

ANSWER: a DIFFICULTY:
Difficulty: Easy ACCREDITING STANDARDS:
BUSPROG: Analytic
DISC: Strategy
TOPICS: DESC.EVAB.17.06.03 Statistical Methodology
KEYWORDS: Bloom's: Knowledge

44. Any sampling procedure can result in two types of errors: error and
error. a. sampling; systematic
b. simple; conditional
c. random;
measurement d.
standard; variable

ANSWER: a
DIFFICULTY: Difficulty: Moderate
ACCREDITING STANDARDS: BUSPROG: Analytic
DISC: Strategy
TOPICS: DESC.EVAB.17.06.03 Statistical Methodology
KEYWORDS: Bloom's: Knowledge

45. Which of the following constitutes an approach to reducing sampling error?


a. Providing statistical training to workers at all organizational
levels b. Using user-friendly software for data analysis and
visualization
c. Taking a larger sample from the
population d. Planning the sampling study
carefully

ANSWER: c
DIFFICULTY: Difficulty: Moderate
ACCREDITING STANDARDS: BUSPROG: Analytic
DISC: Strategy
TOPICS: DESC.EVAB.17.06.03 Statistical Methodology
KEYWORDS: Bloom's: Knowledge

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Chapter 6 - Statistical Methods in Quality
Management
46. A is a subset of objects taken from the
. a. population; sample
b. cluster; strata
c. sample; population
d. sample space; experiment

ANSWER: c DIFFICULTY:
Difficulty: Easy ACCREDITING STANDARDS:
BUSPROG: Analytic
DISC: Strategy
TOPICS: DESC.EVAB.17.06.03 Statistical Methodology
KEYWORDS: Bloom's: Knowledge

47. Calculating the average value of 5 sample measurements of a door width is an example of:
a. descriptive
statistics. b.
hypothesis testing.
c. regression analysis.
d. design of experiments.

ANSWER: a DIFFICULTY:
Difficulty: Easy ACCREDITING STANDARDS:
BUSPROG: Analytic
DISC: Strategy
TOPICS: DESC.EVAB.17.06.03 Statistical Methodology
KEYWORDS: Bloom's: Comprehension

48. Which of the following is NOT a tool for descriptive statistics?


a. Frequency
distribution b.
Regression analysis
c.
Proportion
d.
Histogram

ANSWER: b DIFFICULTY:
Difficulty: Easy ACCREDITING STANDARDS:
BUSPROG: Analytic
DISC: Strategy
TOPICS: DESC.EVAB.17.06.03 Statistical Methodology
KEYWORDS: Bloom's: Knowledge

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Chapter 6 - Statistical Methods in Quality
Management
49. Given here are a set of sample data: 12.0, 18.3, 29.6, 14.3, and 27.8. The sample standard deviation for this
data is equal to .
a. 62.895
b. 7.093
c. 7.931
d. 50.316

ANSWER: c
DIFFICULTY: Difficulty: Moderate
ACCREDITING STANDARDS: BUSPROG: Analytic
DISC: Strategy
TOPICS: DESC.EVAB.17.06.03 Statistical Methodology
KEYWORDS: Bloom's: Application

50. The measures the degree of asymmetry of observations around the


mean. a. coefficient of correlation
b. coefficient of
skewness c. coefficient
of kurtosis
d. coefficient of determination

ANSWER: b DIFFICULTY:
Difficulty: Easy ACCREDITING STANDARDS:
BUSPROG: Analytic
DISC: Strategy
TOPICS: DESC.EVAB.17.06.03 Statistical Methodology
KEYWORDS: Bloom's: Knowledge

51. Group width =


a. (UL – LL)/Number of Groups.
b. Number of Groups/(UL – LL).
c. (UL + LL)/Number of Groups.
d. (UL – LL)(Number of
Groups).

ANSWER: a DIFFICULTY:
Difficulty: Easy ACCREDITING STANDARDS:
BUSPROG: Technology
DISC: Information Technologies
TOPICS: DESC.EVAB.17.06.04 Statistical Analysis with Microsoft Excel
KEYWORDS: Bloom's: Knowledge

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Chapter 6 - Statistical Methods in Quality
Management
52. A sample of size 16 is randomly selected from a population of size 90. Determine the standard error of the
mean if the population standard deviation equals 20.
a. 2.11
b. 4.16
c. 4.56
d. 5.00

ANSWER: c
DIFFICULTY: Difficulty: Challenging
ACCREDITING STANDARDS: BUSPROG: Analytic
DISC: Strategy
TOPICS: DESC.EVAB.17.06.05 Statistical Inference
KEYWORDS: Bloom's: Application

53. Everything else remaining constant, when the sample size increases:
a. the variance
decreases. b. the
variance increases.
c. the variance is unaffected.
d. the variance could increase or decrease.

ANSWER: a
DIFFICULTY: Difficulty: Moderate
ACCREDITING STANDARDS: BUSPROG: Analytic
DISC: Strategy
TOPICS: DESC.EVAB.17.06.05 Statistical Inference
KEYWORDS: Bloom's: Comprehension

54. The approximation to a normal distribution can be assumed for sample sizes of
. a. 15
b. 20
c. 25
d. 30 or more

ANSWER: d DIFFICULTY:
Difficulty: Easy ACCREDITING STANDARDS:
BUSPROG: Analytic
DISC: Strategy
TOPICS: DESC.EVAB.17.06.05 Statistical Inference
KEYWORDS: Bloom's: Knowledge

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Chapter 6 - Statistical Methods in Quality
Management
55. Based on historical data, the diameter of a ball bearing is normally distributed with a mean of 0.527 cm and a
standard deviation of 0.008 cm. Suppose that a sample of 18 ball bearings is randomly selected from a very large
lot. Determine the probability that the average diameter of a sampled ball bearing is greater than 0.530 cm.
a. 0.2324
b. 0.4938
c. 0.5062
d. 0.0559

ANSWER: d
DIFFICULTY: Difficulty: Challenging
ACCREDITING STANDARDS: BUSPROG:
Analytic
DISC: Strategy
TOPICS: DESC.EVAB.17.06.05 Statistical Inference
KEYWORDS: Bloom's: Application

56. A manager at a local manufacturing company has been monitoring the output of one of the machines used to
manufacture chromium shells. Past data indicate that if the machine is functioning properly, the length of the
shells produced by this machine can be modeled as being normally distributed with a mean of 118 centimeters
and a standard deviation of 6.3 centimeters. Suppose 10 shells produced by this machine are randomly
selected. What is the probability that the average length of these 10 shells will be between 116 and 120
centimeters when the machine is operating “properly"?
a. 0.2709
b. 0.2943
c. 0.6826
d. 0.9656

ANSWER: c
DIFFICULTY: Difficulty: Challenging
ACCREDITING STANDARDS: BUSPROG:
Analytic
DISC: Strategy
TOPICS: DESC.EVAB.17.06.05 Statistical Inference
KEYWORDS: Bloom's: Application

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Chapter 6 - Statistical Methods in Quality
Management
57. A travel article researcher randomly sampled 250 adult residents of Illinois and asked each resident if he/she
planned to vacation outside of Illinois this coming summer. Fifty-six of these adults responded that they plan to
vacation outside of Illinois. What is the 95% confidence interval for the population proportion of adult residents of
Illinois who plan to vacation outside of Illinois this coming summer?
a. (0.178, 0.318)
b. (0.246, 0.250)
c. (0.172, 0.276)
d. (0.142, 0.354)

ANSWER: c
DIFFICULTY: Difficulty: Challenging
ACCREDITING STANDARDS: BUSPROG: Analytic
DISC: Strategy
TOPICS: DESC.EVAB.17.06.05 Statistical Inference
KEYWORDS: Bloom's: Application

58. A government report gives a 99% confidence interval for the proportion of welfare recipients who have been
receiving welfare benefits for more than 5 years to be 21% ± 4.5%. Which of the following intervals could not
be a
95% confidence interval for the proportion of welfare recipients who have been receiving welfare benefits for
more than 5 years?
a. 21% ± 4.2%
b. 21% ±
3.76% c. 21%
± 3.9% d. 21%
± 4.8%

ANSWER: d
DIFFICULTY: Difficulty: Challenging
ACCREDITING STANDARDS: BUSPROG: Analytic
DISC: Strategy
TOPICS: DESC.EVAB.17.06.05 Statistical Inference
KEYWORDS: Bloom's: Comprehension

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Chapter 6 - Statistical Methods in Quality
Management
59. A testing engineer in a light bulb factory is planning a study to estimate the average life of a large shipment of
light bulbs. The engineer wants to estimate the average life within plus or minus 16 hours with 95 percent
confidence. Assuming a process standard deviation of 90 hours, determine the sample size for this study.
a. 7
b. 43
c. 58
d. 122

ANSWER: d
DIFFICULTY: Difficulty: Challenging
ACCREDITING STANDARDS: BUSPROG: Analytic
DISC: Strategy
TOPICS: DESC.EVAB.17.06.05 Statistical Inference
KEYWORDS: Bloom's: Application

60. involve(s) drawing inferences about two contrasting propositions relating to the value of a
population parameter, one of which is assumed to be true in the absence of contradictory data.
a. Probability
distributions b.
Hypothesis testing
c. Descriptive
statistics d. Predictive
statistics

ANSWER: b
DIFFICULTY: Difficulty: Moderate
ACCREDITING STANDARDS: BUSPROG: Analytic
DISC: Strategy
TOPICS: DESC.EVAB.17.06.05 Statistical Inference
KEYWORDS: Bloom's: Knowledge

61. The rejection region is chosen so that the probability of the test statistic falling into it, if H0 is true, is
. a.
b.
c.
d.

ANSWER: b
DIFFICULTY: Difficulty: Moderate
ACCREDITING STANDARDS: BUSPROG: Analytic
DISC: Strategy
TOPICS: DESC.EVAB.17.06.05 Statistical Inference
KEYWORDS: Bloom's: Knowledge
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Chapter 6 - Statistical Methods in Quality
Management
62. is a methodology for drawing conclusions about equality of means of multiple
populations. a. Quality analysis
b. Correlation analysis
c. Analysis of
variance d.
Regression analysis

ANSWER: c DIFFICULTY:
Difficulty: Easy ACCREDITING STANDARDS:
BUSPROG: Analytic
DISC: Strategy
TOPICS: DESC.EVAB.17.06.05 Statistical Inference
KEYWORDS: Bloom's: Knowledge

63. In ANOVA, by dividing the mean square between groups by the mean square within groups, a(n)
statistic is computed.
a. t
b. z
c. F
d. R2

ANSWER: c
DIFFICULTY: Difficulty: Moderate
ACCREDITING STANDARDS: BUSPROG: Analytic
DISC: Strategy
TOPICS: DESC.EVAB.17.06.05 Statistical Inference
KEYWORDS: Bloom's: Knowledge

64. Suppose that a scatter diagram depicts a relationship between the two variables that can be summarized by a
straight line. The correlation coefficient is computed and results in a value of -0.73. Which of the following is
NOT TRUE?
a. There is a linear relationship between the two variables.
b. In general, an increase in one variable is associated with an increase in the other
variable. c. In general, an increase in one variable is associated with a decrease in the
other variable.
d. Even though the correlation coefficient is less than zero, it still communicates the strength of the
linear relationship.

ANSWER: b
DIFFICULTY: Difficulty: Moderate
ACCREDITING STANDARDS: BUSPROG: Analytic
DISC: Strategy
TOPICS: DESC.EVAB.17.06.05 Statistical Inference
KEYWORDS: Bloom's: Application
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Chapter 6 - Statistical Methods in Quality
Management
65. Three scatter diagrams are given below. How many of the diagrams present data that can be described by a
linear relationship and, therefore, justifiably summarized by the correlation coefficient?

Plot A

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Chapter 6 - Statistical Methods in Quality
Management

Plot B

Plot C

a. Plot A
b. Plot B

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Chapter 6 - Statistical Methods in Quality
Management
c. Plot A and Plot B
d. Plot A and Plot C

ANSWER: d
DIFFICULTY: Difficulty: Moderate
ACCREDITING STANDARDS: BUSPROG: Analytic
DISC: Strategy
TOPICS: DESC.EVAB.17.06.05 Statistical Inference
KEYWORDS: Bloom's: Comprehension

66. In regression analysis, measures the proportion of the variation in the dependent variable that is
explained by the independent variable(s).
a. coefficient of
correlation b. an F
statistic
c. coefficient of
determination d. regression
equation

ANSWER: c DIFFICULTY:
Difficulty: Easy ACCREDITING STANDARDS:
BUSPROG: Analytic
DISC: Strategy
TOPICS: DESC.EVAB.17.06.05 Statistical Inference
KEYWORDS: Bloom's: Knowledge

67. is a test or series of tests that enables the experimenter to compare two or more methods to determine
which is better or determine levels of controllable factors to optimize the yield of a process or minimize the
variability of a response variable.
a. Designed
experiment b.
Hypothesis testing
c. Kurtosis
d. Regression

ANSWER: a
DIFFICULTY: Difficulty: Moderate
ACCREDITING STANDARDS: BUSPROG: Analytic
DISC: Strategy
TOPICS: DESC.EVAB.17.06.05 Statistical Inference
KEYWORDS: Bloom's: Knowledge

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Chapter 6 - Statistical Methods in Quality
Management
68. One of the most common types of experimental designs in which all combinations of levels of each
factor are considered is called a(n) experiment.
a.
combination
b. factorial
c.
interaction
d. simple

ANSWER: b
DIFFICULTY: Difficulty: Moderate
ACCREDITING STANDARDS: BUSPROG:
Analytic
DISC: Strategy
TOPICS: DESC.EVAB.17.06.05 Statistical Inference
KEYWORDS: Bloom's: Knowledge

69. In a factorial experiment, each combination of different levels of the factor is called a(n)
. a. main effect
b. response
c. treatment
d. interaction

ANSWER: c
DIFFICULTY: Difficulty: Moderate
ACCREDITING STANDARDS: BUSPROG:
Analytic
DISC: Strategy
TOPICS: DESC.EVAB.17.06.05 Statistical Inference
KEYWORDS: Bloom's: Knowledge

70. An experiment that evaluates the effect of two temperatures (100 and 200 degrees F) and two reaction
times (45 and 95 minutes) on process yield has possible combinations to test.
a. 2
b. 4
c. 6
d. 8

ANSWER: b DIFFICULTY:
Difficulty: Easy ACCREDITING STANDARDS:
BUSPROG: Analytic
DISC: Strategy
TOPICS: DESC.EVAB.17.06.05 Statistical Inference
KEYWORDS: Bloom's: Application
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Chapter 6 - Statistical Methods in Quality
Management
71. In a designed experiment, a(n) measures the difference that a factor has on the
response. a. main effect
b. factorial
c. treatment
d.
interaction

ANSWER: a
DIFFICULTY: Difficulty: Moderate
ACCREDITING STANDARDS: BUSPROG: Analytic
DISC: Strategy
TOPICS: DESC.EVAB.17.06.05 Statistical Inference
KEYWORDS: Bloom's: Knowledge

72. What is probability? What are its characteristics?


ANSWER: Probability is the likelihood that an outcome occurs.

Suppose we label the n outcomes in a sample space as O1, O2, …, On, where
Oi represents the ith outcome in the sample space. Let P(Oi) be the
probability associated with the outcome Oi. Then:

• The probability associated with any outcome must be between 0 and 1, or


for each outcome Oi

• The sum of the probabilities over all possible outcomes must be 1.0, or
P(O1) + P(O2) + ... + P(On) = 1
DIFFICULTY: Difficulty: Moderate
ACCREDITING STANDARDS: BUSPROG: Analytic
DISC: Strategy
TOPICS: DESC.EVAB.17.06.01 Basic Probability Concepts
KEYWORDS: Bloom's: Knowledge

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Chapter 6 - Statistical Methods in Quality
Management
73. What are the rules that apply when calculating probabilities of events?
ANSWER: The following rules apply to calculating probabilities of events:

Rule 1: The probability of any event is the sum of the probabilities of the
outcomes that compose that event.
Rule 2: The probability of the complement of any event A is P(Ac) = 1 – P(A).
Rule 3: If events A and B are mutually exclusive, then P(A or B) = P(A) +
P(B). Rule 4: If two events A and B are not mutually exclusive, then P(A or B)
= P(A) + P(B) – P(A and B). Here, (A and B) represents the intersection of
events A and B; that is, all outcomes belonging to both A and B.
DIFFICULTY: Difficulty: Challenging
ACCREDITING STANDARDS: BUSPROG: Analytic
DISC: Strategy
TOPICS: DESC.EVAB.17.06.01 Basic Probability Concepts
KEYWORDS: Bloom's: Knowledge

74. Define binomial and Poisson distributions. State their probability functions.
ANSWER: Binomial Distribution:

The binomial distribution describes the probability of obtaining exactly x


“successes” in a sequence of n identical experiments, called trials.
The binomial probability function is given by the following formula:

x = 0, 1, 2, ..., n
where p is the probability of a success, n is the number of items in the sample, and
x is the number of items for which the probability is desired (0, 1, 2, …,

n). Poisson Distribution:

The second discrete distribution often used in quality control is the Poisson
distribution. It used to calculate the number of occurrences of an event over a
specified interval of time or space. The Poisson probability distribution is given
by,

where = expected value or average number of occurrences, x = 0, 1, 2,


3,... , and e = 2.71828, a constant.
DIFFICULTY: Difficulty: Challenging
ACCREDITING STANDARDS: BUSPROG: Analytic
DISC: Strategy
TOPICS: DESC.EVAB.17.06.02 Probability Distributions
KEYWORDS: Bloom's: Knowledge

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Chapter 6 - Statistical Methods in Quality
Management
75. Briefly discuss the relation between exponential distribution and Poisson distribution with an example.
ANSWER: The exponential distribution is related to the Poisson distribution: if the
distribution of the time between events is exponential, then the number of
events occurring during an interval of time is Poisson.
For example, if the average time between the arrivals of customers in a
departmental store is exponential with a mean of 2 minutes, then the
average number of arrivals per minute is Poisson with a mean of 1/2
arrivals/minute.
DIFFICULTY: Difficulty: Challenging
ACCREDITING STANDARDS: BUSPROG: Analytic
DISC: Strategy
TOPICS: DESC.EVAB.17.06.02 Probability Distributions
KEYWORDS: Bloom's: Comprehension

76. The times (in minutes) required by a sample of 15 students to complete a class assignment are given below:
45, 42, 56, 54, 40, 37, 39, 45, 49, 43, 45, 50, 49, 55, 48

Using Excel functions and calculate the mean, median, mode, range, sample variance, and sample standard
deviation.
ANSWER: Using Excel 2010 functions,

Mean = AVERAGE(45, 42, 56, ..., 48) = 46.47


Median = MEDIAN(45, 42, 56, ..., 48) = 45
Mode = MODE.SNGL(45, 42, 56, ..., 48) = 45
Range = MAX(45, 42, 56, ..., 48) - MIN(45, 42, 56, ..., 48) = 19
Sample variance = VAR.S(45, 42, 56, ..., 48) = 33.84
Sample standard deviation = STDEV.S(45, 42, 56, ..., 48) = 5.82
DIFFICULTY: Difficulty: Challenging
ACCREDITING STANDARDS: BUSPROG: Analytic
DISC: Information Technologies
TOPICS: DESC.EVAB.17.06.03 Statistical Methodology
KEYWORDS: Bloom's: Application

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Chapter 6 - Statistical Methods in Quality
Management
77. In Excel’s Histogram tool, how are bins defined?
ANSWER: For discrete values, a column of these values is set up in the spreadsheet for
the bin range and specified in the Bin Range field. For numerical data that
have a many different discrete values with little repetition or are continuous,
bins are defined by specifying
1. the number of bins,
2. the width of each bin, and
3. the upper and lower limits of each bin.
It is important to remember that the bins may not overlap so that each
value is counted in exactly one group.
The bins should be defined after examining the range of the data. Generally,
between 5 to 15 bins should be chosen, and the range of each should be of
equal width.
DIFFICULTY: Difficulty: Moderate
ACCREDITING STANDARDS: BUSPROG: Technology
DISC: Information Technologies
TOPICS: DESC.EVAB.17.06.04 Statistical Analysis with Microsoft Excel
KEYWORDS: Bloom's: Knowledge

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Chapter 6 - Statistical Methods in Quality
Management

78. What is a sampling distribution? State the sampling distributions of and p for finite
populations.
ANSWER: A sampling distribution is the distribution of a statistic for all possible samples
of a fixed size. In quality, the sampling distributions of , the sample mean and
p, the sample proportion, are of the most interest.

Sampling distribution of :
When using simple random sampling, the expected value of is the
population mean .
The standard deviation of (often called the standard error of the mean) is

given by the formula, for finite populations.

Sampling distribution of p:

The expected value of p is , the population proportion.

The standard deviation of p is, for finite


populations.
DIFFICULTY: Difficulty: Challenging
ACCREDITING STANDARDS: BUSPROG: Analytic
DISC: Strategy
TOPICS: DESC.EVAB.17.06.05 Statistical Inference
KEYWORDS: Bloom's: Knowledge

79. State the steps involved in a hypothesis test.


ANSWER: A hypothesis test involves the following steps:

1. Formulate the hypothesis to test.


2. Select a level of significance.
3. Determine a decision rule on which to base a conclusion.
4. Collect data and calculate a test statistic.
5. Apply the decision rule to the test statistic and draw a conclusion.
DIFFICULTY: Difficulty: Moderate
ACCREDITING STANDARDS: BUSPROG: Analytic
DISC: Strategy
TOPICS: DESC.EVAB.17.06.05 Statistical Inference
KEYWORDS: Bloom's: Knowledge

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Chapter 6 - Statistical Methods in Quality
Management
80. A manager was assigned the task of investigating the error in payments for routine purchases made by the
purchasing department. The manager randomly selected 12 payments, investigated them thoroughly, and
determined the payment error for each of these payments. The payment error was defined as the difference
between the amount paid and what should have been paid. The payment errors determined for these selected
payments were as follows:

$17 $25 $14 -$10 $20 $40


$35 $30 $28 $22 $15 $16

a. What is the 95% confidence interval for the population mean payment error?
b. Suppose a recent company report inferred that the mean payment error may be running as high as $25. That
led the manager to test the null hypothesis that the population mean payment error is equal to $25 versus the
alternative that the population mean payment error is not equal to $25. Using a level of significance equal to
0.01, perform this hypothesis test.
c. Suppose another manager used this same data to test the null hypothesis that the population mean payment
error is less than or equal to $15 versus the alternative that the population mean payment error is greater than
$15. What is the test statistic for this hypothesis testing situation? What is the critical value at a level of
significance equal to 0.01? What is the conclusion?
ANSWER: a. The 95% confidence interval:

= 21 + 8.11 = (12.89, 29.11)

b. Computing the test statistic, we have

Since this is not less than the lower-tail critical value of -3.106, the manager
would not reject the null hypothesis.

c. Computing the test statistic, we have

Since this is less than the upper-tail critical value of 2.718, the manager would
not reject the null hypothesis.
DIFFICULTY: Difficulty: Challenging
ACCREDITING STANDARDS: BUSPROG: Analytic
DISC: Strategy
TOPICS: DESC.EVAB.17.06.05 Statistical Inference
KEYWORDS: Bloom's: Application

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Chapter 6 - Statistical Methods in Quality
Management
81. How did fault-free mass production and the systems manufactured for the defense effort during World War II
further the use of statistical methods?
ANSWER: The demands of fault-free mass production and the systems manufactured for
the defense effort during World War II furthered the use of statistical methods.
That carried over to business and industry in the years following the war. The
major empress, in addition to helping ensure manufacturing stability, were on
checking that incoming materials met specifications and on rejecting bad
product. As organizations began to focus more on customer satisfaction and
designing quality
into products and processes, it became clear that statistical concepts in general
and design of experiments in particular could play an important role in helping
build and validate quality products.
DIFFICULTY: Difficulty: Moderate
ACCREDITING STANDARDS: BUSPROG: Analytic
DISC: Operations
Management
TOPICS: DESC.EVAB.17.06.06 Quality in Practice: Modern Applications of Statistics in
Quality
KEYWORDS: Bloom's: Knowledge

82. What are some of the applications of statistics used in quality?


ANSWER: The applications include product design and reliability: involvement in setting
design goals, ensuring measurement capability, designing a product that meets or
exceeds the goals, validating the design, and transitioning it to manufacturing.
Manufacturing will help ensure the building of a consistently high-quality product.
DIFFICULTY: Difficulty: Moderate
ACCREDITING STANDARDS: BUSPROG: Analytic
DISC: Operations
Management
TOPICS: DESC.EVAB.17.06.06 Quality in Practice: Modern Applications of Statistics in
Quality
KEYWORDS: Bloom's: Knowledge

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Chapter 6 - Statistical Methods in Quality
Management
83. Which of the following is not part of the major goal of typical applications of a statistics plan?

a. Assess manufacturing capability and stability.


b. Monitor the process—often using control charts— to signal significant changes, to identify and remove special
causes of variation, and to provide the path to permanent improvement.
c. Evaluate and remove measurement bias and quantify and reduce measurement variability through gauge
repeatability and reproducibility studies.
d. Help develop optimum servicing.

ANSWER: d
DIFFICULTY: Difficulty: Moderate
ACCREDITING STANDARDS: BUSPROG: Analytic
DISC: Operations Management
TOPICS: DESC.EVAB.17.06.06 Quality in Practice: Modern Applications of Statistics in
Quality
KEYWORDS: Bloom's: Knowledge
84.
The manufacture of discrete parts often calls for the use of different statistical tools from those used in the
processing industries. Which of the following designed experiments on computer models would NOT be
required? a. Finite element analysis and computational fluid dynamics
b. Tolerance stack-up
analyses c. Traceability
studies
d. Redesign of the billing process

ANSWER: d
DIFFICULTY: Difficulty: Moderate
ACCREDITING STANDARDS: BUSPROG: Analytic
DISC: Operations Management
TOPICS: DESC.EVAB.17.06.06 Quality in Practice: Modern Applications of Statistics in
Quality
KEYWORDS: Bloom's: Knowledge

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Chapter 6 - Statistical Methods in Quality
Management
85. What is the team’s position on process improvement?

ANSWER: Statistics are used extensively to improve business processes. Such projects
are often undertaken as Six Sigma projects. Some examples include
redesigning a billing process to eliminate errors and collect revenues faster,
increasing a call center’s timeliness in successfully addressing customer
issues, and reducing cycle time and shipment errors in filling customer orders.

DIFFICULTY: Moderate
ACCREDITING STANDARDS: BUSPROG - Analytic
DISC - Operations Management
TOPICS: DESC.EVAB.17.06.06 Quality in Practice: Modern Applications of Statistics in
Quality
KEYWORDS: Bloom's: Knowledge

86. Many new industries—such as bioinformatics, medical imaging, and nanotechnology—are emerging as part of a
long list of industries that employ statistics. What are some examples?

ANSWER: Pharmaceuticals, semiconductors, communications, and service industries


are a few standouts of these industries.
DIFFICULTY: Moderate
ACCREDITING STANDARDS: BUSPROG - Analytic
DISC - Operations Management
TOPICS: DESC.EVAB.17.06.06 Quality in Practice: Modern Applications of Statistics in
Quality
KEYWORDS: Bloom's: Knowledge

87. What are the typical soldering defects in a wave soldering process of a PCA-Encoder?
ANSWER:
Typical soldering defects are blowholes (insufficient solder) and bridges
(solder between two joints).
DIFFICULTY: Easy
ACCREDITING STANDARDS: BUSPROG - Analytic
DISC - Operations Management
TOPICS: DESC.EVAB.17.06.07 Quality in Practice: Improving Quality of a Wave
Soldering
Process Through Design of Experiments
KEYWORDS: Bloom's: Knowledge

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Chapter 6 - Statistical Methods in Quality
Management
88. In which of the following companies, a high level of soldering defects was observed, necessitating 100
percent inspection for all circuit boards?
a. GE Fanuc
Company b. Hewlett-
Packard
c. Branch-Smith, Inc.
d. Berton Card Company

ANSWER: b DIFFICULTY:
Moderate ACCREDITING STANDARDS:
BUSPROG - Analytic
DISC - Operations Management
TOPICS: DESC.EVAB.17.06.07 Quality in Practice: Improving Quality of a Wave
Soldering
Process Through Design of Experiments
KEYWORDS: Bloom's: Knowledge

89. What are the aspects of the wave soldering process that might affect the resulting quality of the PCA-
Encoders?
ANSWER: The quality engineers conducted a detailed study on the solder defects to
understand what aspects of the wave soldering process might affect the
resulting quality. These were identified as
1. Conveyor speed
2. Conveyor angle
3. Solder bath temperature
4. Solder wave height
5. Vibration of wave
6. Preheater temperature
7. Air knife
8. Acid number (solid content in the flux), which is difficult to control
because of environmental conditions
DIFFICULTY: Moderate
ACCREDITING STANDARDS: BUSPROG - Analytic
DISC - Operations Management
TOPICS: DESC.EVAB.17.06.07 Quality in Practice: Improving Quality of a Wave
Soldering
Process Through Design of Experiments
KEYWORDS: Bloom's: Knowledge

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Chapter 6 - Statistical Methods in Quality
Management
90. To improve the quality of the wave soldering process through design of experiments, factors at
levels were selected for the experiment.
a. seven; two
b. six; three
c. seven; three
d. three; two

ANSWER: c DIFFICULTY:
Moderate ACCREDITING STANDARDS:
BUSPROG - Analytic
DISC - Operations Management
TOPICS: DESC.EVAB.17.06.07 Quality in Practice: Improving Quality of a Wave
Soldering
Process Through Design of Experiments
KEYWORDS: Bloom's: Knowledge

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Chapter 6 - Statistical Methods in Quality
Management
91. Briefly explain how the experiment was conducted.
ANSWER: A full factorial experiment would take 1,458 trials to conduct, which was not
deeme practical. From statistical theory in the design of experiments, the seven
main effec be estimated by conducting only 18 trials as shown in the below
table. The experim outcomes (response) were the number of defective solder
joints in a frame (352 joi experiment was repeated three times.

DIFFICULTY: Difficulty: Challenging


ACCREDITING STANDARDS: BUSPROG: Analytic
DISC: Operations Management
TOPICS: DESC.EVAB.17.06.07 Quality in Practice: Improving Quality of a Wave
Soldering
Through Design of Experiments
KEYWORDS: Bloom's: Knowledge

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Chapter 6 - Statistical Methods in Quality
Management
92. Using , it was observed that bath temperature, wave height, and omega had a significant effect
on the soldering defects.
a. hypothesis
testing b. cluster
sampling
c. descriptive
statistics d. analysis
of variance
ANSWER: D
DIFFICULTY: Difficulty: Moderate
ACCREDITING STANDARDS: BUSPROG: Analytic
DISC: Operations Management
TOPICS: DESC.EVAB.17.06.07 Quality in Practice: Improving Quality of a Wave
Soldering
Process Through Design of Experiments
KEYWORDS: Bloom's: Knowledge

93. Why were additional experimental designs conducted to reduce soldering defects in the process?
ANSWER: The predicted average and the result of a confirmatory experiment were not
sufficient to eliminate inspection completely, so additional experimental
designs were conducted to reduce defects.
DIFFICULTY: Difficulty: Moderate
ACCREDITING STANDARDS: BUSPROG: Analytic
DISC: Operations Management
TOPICS: DESC.EVAB.17.06.07 Quality in Practice: Improving Quality of a Wave
Soldering
Process Through Design of Experiments
KEYWORDS: Bloom's: Knowledge

94. Explain how the new experiment was conducted to reduce soldering defects in the process.
ANSWER: The next experiment considered the results of the first experiment and some of
the uncontrollable factors. However, the different levels of the significant
factors from the first experiment were selected in such a way that the new
levels were allowed to vary around the optimum level of the first experiment.
Based on the results of these additional experiments, new optimum levels of
factors were identified and implemented with significant improvements.
DIFFICULTY: Difficulty: Moderate
ACCREDITING STANDARDS: BUSPROG: Analytic
DISC: Operations Management
TOPICS: DESC.EVAB.17.06.07 Quality in Practice: Improving Quality of a Wave
Soldering
Process Through Design of Experiments
KEYWORDS: Bloom's: Knowledge

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