Corona virus

Presented by /
Abd Elmawla Helmy selim

Presented to/
Dr. Fatima Ibrahim

Suez Canal University

Faculty of nursing

2020/2021

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Objectives:
1) Definition of corona virus.
2) Signs and symptoms of corona virus.
3) Mode of transmission of corona virus.
4) Incubation & Communicability Period.
5) Investigations of corona virus.
6) Nursing management for corona virus
A. Prevention & Precautions & Health Education.
B. Medical Treatment.
C. Nursing Intervention for Patients.

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 Definition:

 -Corona virus Disease also known as COVID19 are a large family of

virus, Many of them are zoonotic which infect animals, but some
coronaviruses from animals can change into a new human
coronavirus that can spread from person to another person.

 Detailed investigations found that SARS-COV was transmitted from

civet cats to humans and MERS-COV from dromedary camels to
humans. Several known corona viruses are circulating in animals
that have not yet infected humans.

Signs and symptoms:

Coronaviruses in people typically cause mild to moderate illness, like the
common cold. Some, like the SARS or MERS viruses, cause serious infections.

Symptoms include:-

1) Fever

2) Cough

3) Difficulty breathing

4) Severe illness.

5) Pneumonia and respiratory distress.

6) Diarrhea may occur

7) Kidney failure

8) At the end leads to death.

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 Mode of transmission:
Like other respiratory illnesses, such as influenza, human coronaviruses most
commonly spread to others from an infected person who has symptoms
through:

a. Through droplets produced through coughing and sneezing.

b. Close personal contact, such as caring for an infected person.

c. Touching an object or surface with the virus on it, then touching the mouth,
nose, or eyes before washing your hands.

d. On rare occasions, a coronavirus may spread through contact with feces

Incubation Period:
The current case definition uses an onset of illness within 14 days for
travelers to the Arabian Peninsula or neighboring countries including
patients or visitors who were present in a healthcare facility within 14
days before illness onset.

Period of Communicability:

 The period of communicability for MERS-COV is unknown at this

time. Until further

 Guidance is available, follow isolation recommendations used for

SARS; persons with MERS should be isolated (for example, by not
going to work or to school) until 10 days after fever has resolved,
provided respiratory symptoms are absent or improving.

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 Corona virus Investigations:

All testing must be discussed with and approved by local health and CDE before
submission to PHL.

a. Serum PCR: for detection of virus, testing should be collected during the first
week after symptom onset, preferably within 3-4 days after symptom onset.

b. Serologic testing for MERS antibodies: is currently available only at CDC upon
request and approval.

c. Nasopharyngeal and or pharyngeal swabs (NP/OP swabs) For Upper

Respiratory Tract.

d. Broncheoalveolar lavage, tracheal aspirate, pleural fluid for lower Respiratory

Tract.

e. Sputum Collection: Have the patient rinse the mouth with water and then
expectorate deep cough sputum directly into a sterile, leak- proof, screw-cap
sputum collection cup or, sterile dry container.

f. Other respiratory pathogens such as influenza A and B and other respiratory

viruses, Streptococcus pneumonia, and Legionella pneumophila.

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 Nursing management:-
A) Prevention & Precautions &Health Education:

1. Basic hand hygiene like washing hands with soap and water.

2. If soap and water are not readily available, use an alcohol-based hand
sanitizer with at least 70%alcohol.

3. Cover mouth when sneezing or coughing.

4. Avoid touching your eyes, nose, and mouth with unwashed hands.

5. Avoid unprotected contact with animals.

6. Avoid kissing and sharing cups or utensils, with people who are sick.

7. Cook meat thoroughly before consumption.

8. Keep the environment clean at all times.

9. Wear a medical mask if any of the symptoms are prevalent.

10. Avoid close contact with anyone with cold and flu symptoms.

11. Get a flu shot to prevent seasonal influenza.

12. Stay home when you are sick.

 If you have travelled to any of the affected countries in the last 14 days
and show any of the above-mentioned symptoms, notify the physician.

 Anyone who may have been exposed to 2019-nCoV should contact their
healthcare provider immediately.
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B) Medical Treatment:
 Treating cases of COVID-19 in the hospital is based on managing patient
symptoms in the most appropriate way.

 For patients with severe disease adversely affecting the lungs, doctors
place a tube into the airway so that they can be connected to ventilators –
machines which help control breathing.

 There are no specific treatments for COVID-19 as yet, though a number

are in the works, including experimental antivirals, which can attack the
virus, and existing drugs targeted at other viruses like HIV which have
shown some promise in treating COVID-19.

 Remdesivir:- an experimental antiviral made by biotech firm Gilead

Sciences, has garnered a large part of the limelight. The drug has been
used in the US, China and Italy, but only on a “compassionate basis”
essentially, this drug hasn’t received approval but can be used outside of
a clinical trial on critically ill patients.

 An HIV medicine:- has been used in China to treat COVID-19. The

treatment was provided as an experimental option for Chinese patients
during “the early days” of fighting the virus. The company suggests it is
collaborating with global health authorities including the Centers for
Disease Control and Prevention and the World Health Organization.

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  Chloroquine:- A drug that has been used to treat malaria for around 70
years, has been floated as a potential candidate. It appears to be able to
block viruses from binding to human cells and getting inside them to
replicate. It also stimulates the immune system and might improve the
success rate of treatment” and “shorten hospital stay according Chinese
study on Feb. 4/ 2020 .”.

c) Nursing Intervention For Patients:-

1. Provide all patients support and reassurance.

2. Institute standard precautions for all patients.

3. Practice strict hand washing and respiratory hygiene.

4. Apply masks to suspect patients and place them on isolation if possible.

5. Instruct patients to cover nose and mouth when coughing or sneezing.

6. Perform hand hygiene after contact with respiratory secretions.

7. Use personal protective equipment (PPE) [mask, gown, glove, goggles or face
shield] to avoid contact with patient blood and other body fluids.

8. Prevent needle-stick or sharps injury.

9. Ensure safe waste management, environmental cleaning and sterilization of

patient equipment.

10. Patients should be placed in properly ventilated single rooms.

11. Clean and disinfect with 70% ethyl alcohol between each patient.

12. Clean and disinfect patient-contact surfaces regularly.

13. Use particulate respirator (i.e. N95 or equivalent).

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14. Ill close contacts should be isolated at home if not requiring medical
attention

15. Perform procedures in adequately ventilated room.

16. Promote Nutrition AND INCREASE fluids intake.

17. Avoid anxiety, which affect’s on recovery.

18. Promote Rest & Sleeping.