PHYSICS-1st Year

Past Paper Short Questions

Note:
 This section covers short questions and also those short questions which comes in long section
in the form of parts from past papers (2012-2022) and from 3 model papers provided by
Fedral board.
 Don’t be panic by seeing large no of questions, you know answers of majority questions.
 Discuss these questions in groups rather than individual because it saves your time and if still
any doubt in any question consult your concern teacher.
 Best of luck 

CHAPTER #01 (MEASURMENTS)

Short Questions. Year
Q1- Show that the famous “Einstein equation” E=mc2 is dimensionally correct. (2012/model)
OR
Q- Show that the famous Einstein’s equation E=mc 2 is dimensionally consistent. 2019
Q2- Three students measured the length of a needle with a scale of least count 1cm (2012)
and recorded as
(i) 0.2145m (ii) 0.21m (iii) 0.214m Which record is correct and why?
Q3- Explain the principle of the dimensional homogeneity of physical equation. (2012)
Q4- Prove that 1 radian= 57.3 degree. (2012/2013)
Q5- Pair the physical quantities having the same dimension: (2012)
(a) Acceleration (b) Force (c) Work done (d) Rate of change of
momentum
(e) Kinetic Energy (f) Gravity
Q6- Define Radian. (2013/2014)
Q7- Find the dimension of co-efficient of viscosity. (2013)

Q8- Show that the expression f =

√
1 F ×l
2l m
is dimensionally correct, when ‘f’ is the

frequency of vibrations on stretched string of tension ‘F’, length ‘l’ and mass ‘m’.
(2014/2018)

2
2∂ g r (2014)
Q9- The terminal velocity of the water droplet is expressed as V t =
9η
Show that this equation is dimensionally correct.
Q10- What does dimension of a physical quantity mean? Give two uses of dimensional (2015)
analysis.
Q11- Suppose we are told that the acceleration of a particle moving in a circle of (2015)
radius “r” with uniform speed “v” is proportional to some power of “r” say r n and
some power of “v” say vm .
Using dimensional analysis, determine the powers of “r” and “v”.
Q12- Derive a relation for the time period of a simple pendulum using dimensional (2015/2016
analysis. The various possible factors on which the time period “T” may depend are: model)
(i) Length of the pendulum (l) (05marks)

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(ii) Mass of the bob(m)
(iii) Angle ‘θ’ which the thread makes with the vertical
(iv) Acceleration due to gravity (g)

Q13- Speed ‘v’ of sound waves through air is v =

√ E
ρ
, where ‘E’ is the modulus of

elasticity and ‘ ρ ’ is the density of air. Show that this equation is dimensionally
(2016)

consistent.

Q14- Velocity of waves along a string is v =

√T
m
, where ‘T’ is the tension in the string

and ‘m’ is mass per unit length of the string. Show that this equation is dimensionally
(2016)

correct.
Q15- Differentiate between precision and accuracy. (2016s)

Q16- Show that the expression v=

√
F×l
m
is dimensionally correct, when ‘v’ is the

speed of transverse wave, ‘F’ is Tension in spring, length ‘l’ and mass ‘m’.
(2017)

Q17- Check the correctness of the relation √ m× v= √ F × lwhere ‘v’ is the speed of (2017s)
transverse wave on a stretched string of tension ‘F’, length ‘l’ and mass ‘m’. s means
supplementary
Q18- Show that the expression vf =vi + at is dimensionally correct, where vi is the (2018)
velocity at t=0 and vf is the velocity at time t.

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 CHAPTER #05
(ROTATIONAL AND CIRCULAR MOTION)
Q1- Why does a diver change his body positions before and after diving in the pool? (2012/2015)
Q2- A disc and a hoop start moving down from the top of an inclined plane at the (2012)
same time. Which one will be moving faster on reaching the bottom?
OR
A disc and a hoop start moving down from the top of an inclined plane at the same (2017)
time. Which one will be moving faster on reaching the bottom and why (Justify your
answer by using mathematical equations)
Q3- When mud flies off the tire of a moving bicycle, in what direction does it fly? (2012/2016)
Explain.
Q4- Compare expression of a=-ω2x with rate of change in velocity.
Q5- State the direction of the following vectors in simple situation (2013)
(a) Angular momentum
(b) Angular velocity
Q6- Give rotational analogue of the 2nd law of motion. (2013)
Q7- Calculate the angular momentum of a star of mass 2x1030 kg and Radius (2013)
7.0x105km. If it makes one complete rotation about its axis once in 20 days, what is its
kinetic energy? (04)
Q8- A circular loop of mass 2kg revolves about its own axis with angular speed (2014)
5rad/sec. The radius of hoop is 20cm. Find the rotational kinetic energy of the hoop.
Q9- A particle P is revolving along a circular path of radius ‘r’ with linear velocity ‘v’ (2016)
and angular velocity ω.
Prove that v=rω
Q10- an object of mass ‘m’ is tied to a string and whirled in a vertical circle of radius (2016)
‘r’. At what point on the circle the string is likely to break? Explain.
Q11- Show that orbital angular momentum of a satellite of mass ‘m’ revolving with (2016)
linear velocity ‘v’ in a circular orbit of radius ‘r’ is equal to mvr.
Q12- Find the rotational K.E. and speed of sphere at the bottom of an inclined plane. (2016s)
Q13- Show that orbital angular momentum L=mvr (2016s)
OR
What is meant by angular momentum? Show that L=mvr (2018)
Q14- What is the least speed at which an aero plane can execute a vertical loop of 1km (2017/2017s)
radius so that there will be no tendency for the pilot to fall at the highest point.
OR
Q15- Calculate the moment of inertia of a body having mass of 10kg and radius 5m for (2017s)
the following conditions:
(a) The body is a hoop.
(b) The body is a solid disc.
(c) The body is a sphere.
Q16- A 1000kg car travelling with a speed of 144 km/hr. rounds a curve of radius (2017s)
100m. Find the necessary Centripetal force.
Q17- What is meant by moment of inertia? Discuss its significance briefly. (2018)
Q18- Explain the difference between tangential velocity and the angular velocity. (2018s)

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Q19- Establish a relation between linear velocity (v) and Angular velocity (ω) (2019)
Q20- Derive a relation between linear acceleration(a) and angular acceleration(α) (2019)
Q21- Why is the fly wheel of an engine made heavy in the rim? (2019/Model)
Q22- A wheel of a machine is rotating at a steady rate of 120 rev/min. Find: (2019)
(i) Its angular velocity.
(ii) The linear velocity of a point on the wheel at 0.25m from axle.
Q23- (a) What is meant by angular momentum? (2019)
(b) Explain the law of conservation of angular momentum.
Q24- The cylinders A and B are of the same mass but the radius of A is greater than (2019)
that of B. Which one will require more force to come into rotation? And why?

Q25- Why does the coasting rotating system slowdown as water drops into the (Model)
beaker?
Q26- A ball is just supported by a string without breaking. If it is set swinging, it (Model)
breaks. Why?

CHAPTER #02 (VECTORS AND EQUILIBRIUM)

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Q1- Show that the sum and difference of two perpendicular vectors of equal lengths (2012/2018)
are also perpendicular and of the same length.
Q2- Under what circumstances, the x- component of a force is double of its y- (2012)
component?
Q3- The magnitude of dot-product and cross product of two vectors is 6 √ 3 and 6 (2013/2017)
respectively. Find the angle between the vectors. (2017s)
OR
The magnitude of dot-product and cross product of two vectors are 2 and 4-2√ 3
respectively. Find the angle between the vectors.
Q4- Define Torque. (2013)
Q5- Apply the conditions of equilibrium on a paratrooper jumping from a helicopter. (2013)
Q6- Name any three conditions that would make ⃗ A1x⃗
A2=0 (2013/2016
2018)
Q7- Can a vector have a component greater than vector’s magnitude? (02) (2013)
Q8- Why is it easier to open a tightened nut with a long spanner? (2014)
Q9- Stand with one arm and the side of one foot pressed against a wall. Can you raise (2014)
the other leg sideways? If not, then why not?
Q10- If |⃗
A |=|⃗
B|=|⃗
R ∨¿ where |⃗ R ∨¿= Magnitude of the resultant vector. Find the angle (2015)
between ⃗ A and⃗B. Draw vector diagram also.
Q11- A picture is suspended from a wall by two strings. Show by diagram the (2015)
configuration of the strings for which the tension in the strings will be minimum.
Q12- Two vectors ⃗ A and ⃗
Bare enclosing an angle θ. Show that the magnitude ⃗ A x⃗
Bis (2016)
equal to the area of the parallelogram formed with ⃗ A and ⃗ B as its two adjacent sides.
Q13- Under what circumstances would a vector have components that are equal in (2016s)
magnitude?
Q14- Name any three conditions that would make⃗ A1 . ⃗
A2=0 (2016s)
Q15- (2017)

Q16- Find the angle between two forces of equal magnitude when the magnitude of (2017)
their resultant is also equal to the magnitudes of either of these forces. (2019/Old
OR book model)
How would the two vectors of the same magnitude have to be oriented, if they were to
be combined to give a resultant equal to a vector of the same magnitude?
Q17- Find the value of 2|⃗ Ax⃗ B|2 + 2(⃗
A .⃗
B)2 where ⃗
A and ⃗
B are unit vectors. (2017s)
Q18- If one of the rectangular components of vector is zero. Can its magnitude be (2018)
zero? Explain briefly.
Q19- Discuss conditions of equilibrium. (04) (2018)
Q20- Differentiate between translational and rotational equilibrium. (2018s)
Q21- Write down the steps for addition of vectors by rectangular components method. (2019)

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Q22- Can a body be in equilibrium under the action of a single force? (2019)
Q23- Prove that if the vectors ⃗ A &⃗ Bare parallel to each other, then⃗ A .⃗
B = ±AB (Model)
Q24- If ( A × B) = 0, then either of the two vectors is a null vector or vector ⃗
⃗ ⃗ A and ⃗
B are parallel (Model)
to each other. Prove it.
Q25- Under what circumstances would a vector shall have components of same magnitude? (Model)
Q26- Find the value of (A x B) +(A.B)
2 2
(old book
model)
Q27-Prove that the magnitude of cross product of A and B is the area of parallelogram having (old book
consecutive sides A and B. model)

CHAPTER #07 (OSCILLATIONS)

Q1- What happens to the period of a simple pendulum it its length is doubled? What (2012)
happens if the suspended mass is doubled?
Q2- If frequency of oscillation is 10 Hz then what is distance covered by the body (2012)
when time is equal to time period and amplitude of oscillation is A.
Q3- Can we realize an ideal simple pendulum? (2012/
old book
model)
Q4- Find amplitude, frequency and period of an object vibrating at the end of a (2012/
π 2017/model)
spring, if the equation for its position w.r.t. time is x=0.25cos ( ) t
8
Q5- What are the conditions used, while calculating time period of a simple (2013)
pendulum?
Q6- A simple pendulum is 50.0cm long. What will be its frequency of vibration at a (2014/2018)
place where g=9.8ms-2 ?
Q7- A body of mass 4kg is attached to a spring of spring constant 196N/m and set (2014)
into vibration. What is its vibrational angular frequency?
Q8- A simple pendulum is mounted in a lift. How does its time period vary if the lift is (2014)
moving up with uniform acceleration?
Q9- What is Resonance and describe any two phenomena in which resonance is (2014/2018/
involved. 2019/model)
Q10- Draw a graph to discuss the effect of damping on the amplitude of a vibrating (2014)
body. What do you conclude?
Q11- Shock absorber of a car is an application of which type of oscillation? What does (2015)
the shock absorber do?
Q12- Briefly describe the principle and working of microwave oven. (2015)
1 (2016)
Q13- State Hooke’s law. Show that work done on a spring of spring constant ‘k’ is
2
kx when it is extended upto displacement ‘x’.
2

Q14- A block weighing 4.0 kg extends a spring by 16cm from its unstretched position. (2016)
The block is removed and a 0.5kg body is hung from the same spring and set
vibrating. Find the period of vibration of the body.

√ x2 (2016)
Q15- For a mass spring system, v=vo 1− 2 where ‘vo’ is the maximum velocity and
x0

√
2
v
‘xo’ is the amplitude of oscillation. From the above equation deduce x=x o 1− 2
v0
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Q16- Give drawbacks to use the time period of a simple pendulum as a time standard. (2016/2018/
2019/model)
Q17- What happens to the time of the simple pendulum, it its length is increased four (2016s)
times?
Q18- Name two characteristics of simple harmonic motion. Does frequency depend (2017)
on amplitude for harmonic oscillators? Also name some common phenomenon in
which resonance plays an important role.
Q19- Define simple pendulum. What are the drawbacks of simple pendulum? Can (2017)
simple pendulum experiment be done inside a satellite?
Q20- Can we realize an ideal simple pendulum? What happens to the period of a (2017)
simple pendulum it its length is doubled? What happens if the suspended mass is
doubled?
Q21- Under what conditions does the addition of two simple harmonic motions (2017/2017s)
produce a resultant which is also harmonic? When a mass spring system is hung
vertically and is set into vibration then oscillation eventually stops. Why?
Q22- Write the characteristics of horizontal mass spring system. (2017)

Q23- Prove that for a simple pendulum 2 π

√l
g
Q24- Write a note on energy conservation in SHM. (04)
(2017s)

(2017s/2018)
Q25- Does the acceleration of a simple harmonic oscillator remain constant during its (2018/2018s)
motion? Is the acceleration ever zero? Explain briefly.
Q26- In relation to SHM explain briefly the equations: (2018/model)
(a) Y= Asin(wt+φ) (b) a= -w2x
Q27- What should be the length of simple pendulum whose period is 1sec at a place (2018/model)
where g=9.8ms-2. What is its frequency
Q28- How can compare the masses of two bodies by observing their frequencies of (2018s)
oscillation when supported by a spring?
Q29- An octagonal mirror is rotating with frequency ‘f’. Calculate the time of rotation (2018s)
of one of its sides.
Q30- Is there any connection between ‘F’ and ‘X’ in mass spring system? Explain (2019)
briefly.
Q31- A singer holding a note of right frequency, can shatter a glass? Explain briefly. (2019)
Q32- What should be the length of simple pendulum whose time period is one (2019)
second? What is frequency of second pendulum? (4+1)
Q33- (a) What is meant by phase angle? (2019)
(b) Does the phase angle define angle between maximum displacement and the
driving force.

Q34- Time period of a mass-spring system is T= 2 π

m
k√. If ‘x’ is the extension from

mean position, what would be the time period in terms of extension ‘x’?
(2019)

Q35- What is meant by damped Oscillation? Show it graphically. (Model)

Q36- What will be the frequency of a simple pendulum if its length is 1m? (Model)

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CHAPTER #03 (FORCES AND MOTION)
Q1- A 1500 kg car has its velocity reduced from 20ms -1 to 15ms-1 in 3.0 sec. How (2012)
large was the average retarding force?
Q2- What is meant by Projectile motion? (2012)
Q3- Under what circumstances, the horizontal range of projectile is half of maximum (2012)
range?
Q4- A football is thrown upward with an angle of 300 with respect to horizontal. To (2012/2013/
throw a 40m pass, what must be the initial speed of the ball? 2016)
Q5- Show that range of projectile is maximum at θ=450 (2) (2012)
Q6- A ball is thrown horizontally from a height of 10m with velocity of 21m/sec. How (2012)
far off it hit the ground and with what velocity?
Q7- Two masses m1 and m2 are attached to a compressed spring at rest. What will be (2013)
the ratio of their final velocity?
Q8- Define Impulse and show its relation to linear momentum. (2013/2016s
OR /
State Newton’s second law of motion in terms of momentum. 2018/2019)
(2018s)
Q9- A projectile is thrown with initial velocity 19.6m/sec at an angle of 30 0 with the (2013)

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horizontal. How much time it will take to reach the maximum height?
Q10- Find the angle of projection for which its maximum height and horizontal range (2014/2017/
are equal. 2018/model)
Q11- Why is it useful to wear safety helmet while driving motorcycle? (2015/model)
OR (2016)
Safety helmet prevents the motorcyclist from serious injury. Explain.
Q12- Briefly describe the circumstances in which the velocity ‘v’ and acceleration ‘a’ (2015)
of a car are:
(a) Parallel (b) Anti-parallel (c) Perpendicular to one
another.
Q13- What is the effect on the speed of a fighter plane chasing another when it opens (2015)
fire? What happens to the speed of pursued plane when it returns the fire?
Q14- By using formula, describe at what points or points in its path does a projectile (2015)
have its:
(a) Minimum speed (b) Maximum speed
Q15- Which bullet shall be used to knock down a bear, rubber or lead? (Model)
Q16- Two identical balls move towards each other on a smooth horizontal track at (2016)
speeds 60cms-1 and 40 cms-1 . They stick together on impact. Calculate the speed of
the balls after impact.
Q17- Show that time rate of change of momentum of a body is equal to the applied (2016)
force.
Q18- Prove that for angles of projection, which exceed or fall short of 45º by equal amounts, (Model)
the ranges are equals.
Q19- A truck weighing 2500kg and moving with a velocity of 21m/s collides with (2017)
stationary car weighing 1000kg. The truck and the car move together after the
impact. Calculate their common velocity.
Q20- How large a force is required to accelerate an object from rest to a speed of (2017/2018
2x107m/s through a distance of 5cm, while the mass of electron is 9.1x10 -31kg? 2018s)
Q21- Two spherical balls of 2kg and 3kg masses are moving towards each other with (2017)
velocities of 6m/s and 4m/s respectively. What must be the velocity of the smaller
ball after collision, if the velocity of the bigger ball is 3m/s?
Q22- Find the angle of projection for which its maximum height is double of its (2017s)
horizontal range.
Q23- Find expressions for the time of flight and height of the projectile for a projectile (2017s)
motion.
Q24- Derive an expression for the range of a projectile. (2018)
Q25- A 20g ball hits the wall of a squash court with a large force of 50N. If time of (2018)
impact of force is 0.5sec. Find the impulse.
Q26- Explain how cranes are able to lift very heavy load without toppling? (2019)
Q27- Aero plane while horizontally drops a bomb when reaches exactly above the (2019)
target, but missed it. Explain briefly.
Q28- Briefly explain why do buses and heave trucks have large steering wheels? (2019/
Model)
Q29- Define elastic and inelastic collisions. (2019)
Q30- What is head-on-collision? Explain briefly with an example. (2019/
Model)
Q31- A Ghauri missile is fired at an angle of 900 with horizontal axis with a velocity of (2019)
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300ms-1. Find the time for which the missile remains in air.
Q32- What happens when a very heavy ball collides with a light stationary ball? (2019)
Q33- Write a note on momentum and explosive forces. (2019)
Q34- Can the velocity of an object reverse the direction when acceleration is (2012)
constant?

CHAPTER #04 (WORK AND ENERGY)

Q1- Explain why a car going up a hill requires lower top speed than a car going on (2012)
the flat?
Q2- An object has 1.0 J of P.E. What does it mean? (2012/2018)
Q3- Why do we call gravitational field, a conservative one also? (2013)
OR
Prove that earth’s gravitational field is a conservative field. (2017s)
Q4- The absolute potential energy of a body on the surface of earth is negative. (2014)

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 What does it mean?
Q5- Under what conditions the work done on an object is zero, when a constant (2016)
force is acting on the object? Explain with examples.
Q6- Discuss the factors on which work done by anybody in conservative field (2017)
depends.
Q7- What is the escape velocity? Discuss the factors on which escape velocity (2017)
depends.
OR (2018s)(2022)
Define escape velocity. Write its two mathematical relations. (2016s)
Q8- Calculate the work done in kilo joules in lifting a mass of 20kg at steady velocity (2018) (2022)
through a vertical height of 20m.
Q9-

(2019)

Q10- In which case is more work done? When 50kg bag of books is lifted through (2019)
50cm, or when a 50kg crate is pushed through 2m across the floor with a force
of 50N?
Q11- A diver of 50kg mass dives from a 10m high diving board in a swimming pool. (2019)
Calculate its P.E. before jump.
Q12- What is the power of an airplane of mass 3000kg, if on a runway it is capable (model paper)
of attaining a speed of 80ms-1 from rest in 4.0 seconds?
Q13- Name the various non-conventional sources of energy and write down their (model)
characteristics.
Q14- Why are energy savers used instead of normal bulbs? (model) (2019)
Q15- What is meant by conservative field. Give two examples (model)
Q16- If the force of an engine of automobile is doubled with the velocity remaining (model)
constant. What happens to its power?
Q17- The moon’s radius is 16km, gm = 1.6ms-2 on its surface. Calculate the escape (model)
velocity at moon surface.
Q18- Prove that P= ⃗ F . ⃗v (model)
OR (2018s)
An object moves with constant velocity ‘v’ under the action of constant force
‘F’. Show that P= ⃗ F . ⃗v (2016)
OR
Define power with its unit and show that P= ⃗ F . ⃗v (2018)
OR
(2022)
Express power as a scalar product of Force and velocity.
Q19- Does a hydrogen-filled balloon possess P.E? Explain briefly. (2019)
Q20- A bucket is taken to bottom of a well; does the bucket possess any P.E? Explain
briefly.
Q21- A man whose mass is 70 kg walks up to the third floor of a building which is
12 m above the ground is 20 Sec. Find his power in watts and hp.
Q22- Define absolute potential energy. Which mass is closer to earth, one having
potential energy -100 J or one with potential energy -10 J?
Q23- A 1000kg automobile at the top of an incline plane 10-meter-high and 100 m
long is released and rolls down the hill. What is the speed at the bottom of the
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 incline if the average retarding force on it due to friction is 480 N.
Q24- A boy uses a catapult to throw a stone which accidentally smashes a (2012)
greenhouse window. List the possible energy changes.
Q25- A brick of mass 2kg is dropped from a height of 5m. What would be its velocity (2012)
at a height of 3m before hitting the ground?
Q26- Relate work done of a moving particle with its energy. (2013)
Q27- Give any three examples of non-conventional energy sources. (2013)
Q28- A girl drops a cup from a certain height, which breaks into pieces. What are the (2014)
energy changes involved? (2018)
OR
A cup is dropped from certain height in the presence of air, which breaks into
pieces on impact with the ground. What energy changes are involved? Explain. (2016)
Q29- How many kilo-joules energy is consumed by a 100W bulb in 10 minutes? (2014)
Q30- How can we gain energy from tides? (2016)
Q31- A force (thrust) of 400N is required to overcome road friction and air (2016)
resistance in propelling an automobile at 108 kmh-1. Find the power of engine (2019)
in kilowatt.
Q32- Under what conditions the work done on an object is negative? Give two (2015)
examples from your daily life.
Q33- Define kilowatt hour (kWh). Show that 1kWh = 3.6 MJ (2016)
Q34- When a rocket re-enters the atmosphere, its nose cone becomes very hot. (2016s)
Where does this heat energy come from? (2022)
Q35- Explain how trash can be utilized for producing energy (bio-gas)
Q36- Discuss briefly the following energy sources. (2017)
(a) energy from tides (b) energy from waves.
Q37- A 1000kg body at the top of an incline 10m high and 100m is released and (2017)
rolls down the hill. What is its speed at the bottom of the hill if average
retarding force due to friction is 735N (g = 9.8 ms -2)
Q38- Find the total work done

(2018)

Q39- Differentiate between solar and wind energy. (2019)

Q40- A ball of mass 100 grams is thrown vertically upward at a speed of 25 ms -1. If (2019)
no energy is lost, determine the height it would reach. If the ball only rises to
25 m, calculate the work done against the air resistance. Also calculate the
force of friction.
Q41- If radius of moon is 1/6 times radius of earth and gravity on moon is 1/5 times (2022)
gravity on earth, then find the escape velocity at the surface of moon?
Q42- What are the limitations of conventional sources of energy?
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 CHAPTER #06 (FLUID DYNAMICS)
Q1- Certain globular particle has a density of 1246kgm -3. It falls through pure water (2013)
(η=8.0x10-4 Nm-2s) with a terminal speed of 3.0 cmh-1. Find the radius of the
particle.
Q2- Water flows through a hose, whose internal diameter is 1cm at a speed of 1ms -1. (2013)
What should be the diameter of the nozzle if the water is to emerge at speed of
21ms-1 ?
Q3- What is critical velocity? (2013)
Q4- Give the mathematical relation of law of conservation of mass for a flowing (2013)
efflux.
Q5- A stream of water flowing from a tap becomes narrower as if falls. Why? (2014)
OR (Model)
When water falls from a tap, why does the cross-sectional area of droplet
decrease as it comes down?
Q6- How large must a heating duct be if air moving 3m/s along it can replenish the (2014)
air in a room of 300m3 volume every 15min? Assume the density of the air
remains constant. (05 marks)
Q7- Water flows through a nose, whose internal diameter is 1.0 cm with a speed of (2016)
2.0 ms-1 . What should be the diameter of the nozzle, if the water is to emerge at
20 ms-1
Q8- Why fog droplets appear to be suspended in air? Explain. (2016)
Q9- Show that product of cross-sectional area ‘A’ of the pipe and the fluid speed ‘v’ at (2016)
any point along the pipe is constant for an incompressible fluid when its flow is
steady.
Q10- What are the properties of an ideal fluid? (2016s/2017
2017s)
Q11- Differentiate between laminar flow and Turbulent flow? (2016s/2017
OR 2017s/
Differentiate between laminar and turbulent flow. Also define an ideal fluid. model)
Q12- Why a sports car has oblong shape design? (Model)
Q13- Why do bowlers shine one side of a cricket ball? (Model)
Q14- Why does smoke rise faster in a chimney on a windy day? (Model)
(2019)
Q15- Water flows through a pipe of 1 cm diameter with 1 ms-1 speed. What should be (Model)
the diameter of the nozzle if water is ejecting at an average speed of 2.1 ms -1 .
Q16- What is an Aerofoil? Explain its working in accordance with Bernoulli’s (Model)
equation. (2019)
OR
How is Bernoulli’s equation is applied to explain the lift on the aeroplane? (2014) (2022)
OR
How is the aeroplane lifted upwards? (2015)
Q17- When water falls from a tap, why does the cross-sectional area of droplet (Model)
decrease as it comes down?
Q18- Why racing cars and boat are designed eblonged shape? (model)
OR

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 Why a sports car has oblong shape design?
Q19- What do you understand by Stokes law. Also write its formula. (model)
Q20- The depth of upper hole of a liquid container is h. What will be the depth of (model)
lower hole where speed of efflux of liquid become double than the upper hole?
Q21- How large must a heating duct be if air moving 5 ms -1 along it can replenish in (model)
the air in a room of 200 m3 volume every 1 hour? Assume the air density
remains constant.
Q22- How is a venturi duct used in the carburetor of a car engine? (model)
Q23- Describe the working of an engine carburetor using Bernoulli’s principle and (model)
paint spray. (2014) (2015)
(2018) (2019)
Q24- How does swing produced in a cricket ball? (2012)
OR
Briefly describe how swing is produced in a fast-moving cricket ball. (2015) (2022)
Q25- Water flows downhill through a closed vertical funnel. The flow speed at the (2016s)
top is 12.0 cms-1. The flow speed at the bottom is twice the speed at the top. If (2017)
the funnel is 40cm long and the pressure at the top is 1.013 x 10 5 Nm-2, what is
pressure at the bottom?
Q26- A person is standing near the fast-moving train. Is he in danger of falling (2017s)
towards it? Briefly explain. (2018)
Q27- Why does pipe of water squeezes when air is blown through it? (2018s)
Q28- What is venturi’s effect? Write its equation. (2019)
Q29- What is the aero foil lift (in newtons) on a wing of area 88m 2 , if the air passes (2022)
at speed over its top surface at 280ms-1 and bottom surface at 150ms-1 ?
Q30- Derive a relation for terminal velocity. (2022)
(overseas)
Q31- Briefly explain the equation of continuity. (2022)
(overseas)

PHYSICS-1st Year
Past Paper Long Questions
 This section covers long questions from past papers (2012-2022) and from 3 model papers
provided by Federal board.

CHAPTER #04 (WORK AND ENERGY)

Q1- Define Absolute Potential energy. Derive relation for Absolute P.E. of body having 2017/
mass ‘m’ at distance ‘r’ from the center of the earth. (01+05 marks) 2018/2019
OR

Model
Paper

(08 marks)
Q2- Define work done by a constant force. How is the work done in a gravitational 2014
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 field?
Prove that gravitational field is a conservative field. (08 marks)
OR
Q3- Define conservative field. Show that gravitational field is conservative field. 2016-2022
(01+04 marks)
OR
Q- Prove that work done in a gravitational field is independent of the path followed 2019
by the body and along the close path is zero. (03+03)
Q4- Explain, how can you calculate the work done by a variable force? Also draw its 2018s
figure. (05+01)
Q5- What is absolute P.E? Derive an expression for it and absolute electric potential using (model)
diagram. (2022)
Q6- What are non-conventional energy sources? Discuss any two. (01+03) (2018)

CHAPTER #06 (FLUID DYNAMICS)

Q1- What is Bernoulli’s equation? Show that how it is based on law of (model)
conservation of energy and name the three applications of Bernoulli’s equation. (2019)
Q2- Derive relation for Bernoulli’s equation. (2012) (2013)
OR (2016s) (2017s)
State and prove Bernoulli equation. (2022)

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 CHAPTER #08 (WAVES)
Q1- How are beats useful in tuning musical instruments? (2012/2018
)
Q2- How should a sound source move with respect to an observer so that the frequency (2012/2017
of its sound does not change? )
Q3- As a result of a distant explosion, an observer senses a ground tremor and then (2012/2014
hears the explosion. Explain the time difference. )
Q4- A church organ consists of pipes each open at one end, of different lengths. (2013/2014
The minimum length is 30mm and the longest is 4m. Calculate the frequency range of )
the fundamental notes (speed of sound = 340ms -1)
Q5- Write an expression that harmonics are integral multiple of fundamental note, for (2013)
stationary waves.
Q6- Explain why sound travels faster in warm air than in cold air. (2013/2017
/
2018)
Q7- What happens when a jet plane flies faster than the speed of sound? (2013)
Q8- Find the fundamental notes for a pipe 1m long when: (2013)
(a) Both the end are closed.

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(b) One end is open.
Q9- Relate Doppler’s Effect and frequency of light emitted from the stars. (2013)
Q10- What is Laplace correction? (2014)
Q11- A closed organ pipe has a length of 0.25m Determine the frequencies of the (2015)
fundamental and first two harmonics.
Q12- An organ pipe has a length of 50cm. Find the frequency of its fundamental note. (2016/2018
When it is )
(a) open at both ends (b) Closed at one end (speed of
sound=350ms ) -1

Q13- Why does sound travel faster in solids than the gases? Explain. (2016/2019
)
Q14- For diatomic gases γ=1.4, show that the specific heat at constant pressure ‘cP’ and the (2016)
7 5
specific heat at constant volume ‘cV’ are R and R respectively. Where ‘R’ is the general gas
2 2
constant.
Q15- The frequency of the note emitted by stretched string is 300Hz. What will be the (2016)
frequency of the note when length of the wave is reduced by one third without changing the
tension? Show calculation steps.
Q16- The speed of sound in air at 00C is 332 m/s. What will be its speed at 220C. (2016s)
Q17- What is the effect of pressure on the speed of sound in that medium? (Describe (2016s/
mathematically) 2018s)
Q18- A pipe has length one meter, determine the frequencies of the fundamental and first two (2017)
harmonics:
(a) If the pipe is open at its both ends.
(b) If the pipe is closed at its both ends.
Q19- Define Doppler’s Effect and also write its few applications. (2017/2018/
model)
OR (2019)
Explain three uses of Doppler’s effect.
Q20- What are beats? Explain it with the help of example as well as graphically. Also mention (2017)
some of its uses.
Q21- A stationary wave is established in a string which is 120cm long and fixes at both ends. (2017)
The string vibrates in four segments at a frequency of 120Hz. Determine its wavelength and the
fundamental frequency.
Q22- What is stationary wave? Also define the terms: NODE, ANTINODE and FUNDAMENTAL (2017)
FREQUENCY.
Q23- Two tuning forks exhibit a beat frequency of 10Hz. The frequency of one tuning fork is (2017s)
256Hz. Its frequency is then allowed lowered slightly by adding a bit of wax to one of its
prongs. The two fork then exhibit a beat frequency of 12Hz. determine the frequency of the
second tuning fork.
Q24- What is the effect of temperature on the speed of sound in air? (2017s)
Q25- Define the terms crest, trough and node. (2018)
Q26- Why stars moving towards the earth show a blue shift and that are moving away show a (2018)
red shift?
Q27- Is it possible for two identical waves travelling in the same direction along a string to give (2018s/old
rise to a stationary wave? book model)
Q28- What is the difference between progressive and stationary waves? (2019)
Q29- A car is moving at 20ms-1 along a straight road with its 500Hz horn sounding. You are (2019)
standing at the road side. What frequency do you hear as car is:
(i) Approaching you (ii) Receding from you at 20ms-1

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(Take speed of sound = 340 ms-1) (05)
Q30- Is it possible for an object which is vibrating transversely to produce sound waves? (2019)
Q31- Write three characteristics of stationary waves. (2019)
Q32- How can you generate ultrasonic waves and how can you detect them? (Model)
Q33- How one can locate the position of nodes and anti-nodes in a vibrating string? (Model)
Q34- Define the terms interference, beats and stationary waves. (Old book
model)

CHAPTER #09 (PHYSICAL OPTICS)

Q1- Can visible light produce interference fringes? Explain. (2012)
Q2- A light is incident normally on a grating which has 2500lines/cm. Compute the (2013/2018s)
wavelength of a spectral line for which the deviation of second order is 15.0 0.
Q3- Distinguish between Un-polarized and Plane polarized light. (2013/2016)
Q4- What are the coherent sources of light? (2014)
Q5- State Huygen’s principle. (2014/2015/
2017s/2019)
Q6- Why are natural crystals used for x-ray diffraction instead of diffraction grating? (2015)
Q7- Light of wavelength 450nm is incident on a diffraction grating on which (2015)
5000lines/cm have been ruled: (2015)
(i) How many orders of spectra can be observed on either side of the direct beam? (2017s)
(ii) Determine the angle corresponding to each other. (05)
(iii) What is the highest order of the spectrum obtained with this grating?
Q8- Sodium light of wavelength 589nm is incident normally on a grating having 3000 (2016)
lines per centimeter. How many orders of spectra can be observed on either side of
the central maxima on the screen?
OR
Sodium light of wavelength 589nm is incident normally on a grating having 3000 (2019)
lines per centimeter.
What is the highest order of the spectrum obtained with this grating?
Q9- Define coherent sources. Under what conditions two or more sources of light (2016/2018)
behave as coherent? (02)
Q10- Under what conditions can interference of light take place? (2016s)
Q11- What is diffraction grating? (2016s)
Q12- Sketch out three differences between interference and diffraction of light. (2017)
Q13- State Huygen’s principle. Also distinguish between a wave-front and a wavelet (2017)
by graphical sketch.
Q14- Can sound waves be polarized? Explain briefly. What is Polaroid? Mention the (2017)
uses of Polaroid.
Q15- In the white light spectrum obtained with diffraction grating, the third order (2017)
image of a wavelength coincides with the fourth order image of second wavelength.
Calculate the ratio of the two wavelength.
Q16- Can visible light give interference fringes? Explain briefly. (2018)
Q17- Explain why two distant flash lights will not produce an interference pattern. (2018s)
Q18- What do you mean by grating element of a diffraction grating? (2018s)
Q19- In a Michelson interferometer a second glass plate is also used. Why? (2019)
Q20- What is meant by dual nature of light? Explain briefly. (2019)
Q21- Can we apply Huygen’s principle to radar waves? (2019/model)
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Q22- Why is ordinary light not polarized? (Model)
Q23- What do you know about grating spectrometer? (Model)
Q24- Find the polarizing angle for a glass of refractive Index of 1.55 (Model)
Q25- What are the conditions for constructive and destructive interference? (Model)
Q26- In a certain X-rays diffraction experiment the first order image is observed at an angle (Model)
of 5˚ for a crystal plane spacing of 2.8 × 10-10m. What is the wave length of X-ray used?
Q27- For which purposes the Michelson’s interferometer is used? (Old book
model)
Q28- A monochromatic light of wavelength 588nm is allowed to fall on half-silvered glass (Old book
plate G1 in the Michelson‘s interferometer. If M1 is moved through 0.233mm, how many model)
fringes will be observed to shift?

CHAPTER #10 (THERMODYNAMICS)

Q1- Human metabolism provides an example of law of conservation of energy. (2012)
Explain on the basis of the 1st law of thermodynamics.
Q2- How does Diesel engine work? (2012)
Q3- A thermos flask containing milk as a system is shaken rapidly. Does the (2012)
temperature of milk rise?
Q4- Why does the pressure of a gas in a car tyre increase when it is driven through (2012)
some distance?
Q5- Why does temperature drop in an adiabatic expansion process? (2012)
Q6- Explain heat death of universe. (2012)
Q7- A Carnot engine whose low temperature reservoir is at 7 0C has an efficiency of (2012/2015)
50%. It is desired to increase the efficiency to 70%. By how many degrees the
temperature of the source be increased? (04)
Q8- Specific heat of gas at constant pressure is greater than specific heat at constant (2013/2016/
volume. Why? 2017/2018)
Q9- Why do Gases have two specific heats? (2013)
Q10- Find the average speed of oxygen molecule in the air at S.T.P. (2013)
Q11- A heat engine performs 100J of work and at the same time rejects 400 J of heat (2014/2016)
energy to the cold reservoirs. What is the efficiency of the engine?
Q12- Why can we not construct a heat engine having 100% efficiency? (2014)
OR (2015/2018s)
The maximum efficiency of a Carnot’s engine can never be 100% . Why?
Q13- 336J of energy is required to melt 1g of ice at 00C. What is the change in entropy (2014/2018)
of 30g of water at 00C as it is changed to ice at 00C by a refrigerator? (05)
Q14- Thermal pollution is an inevitable consequence of 2 law of thermodynamics.
nd
(2015)
How?
Q15- State the Carnot theorem. (2016s)
Q16- How does entropy of a system increase or decreases due to friction? (2016s)
Q17- Calculate the entropy change when 1.0kg of ice at 00C melts into water at 00C. (2016s)
Latent heat of fusion of ice is 3.36 x 105 Jkg-1.
Q18- Is it possible to construct a heat engine that will not expel heat into the (2016s)
atmosphere?
Q19- A steam engine has a boiler that operates at 450k. The heat changes water to (2017)
steam, which drives the piston. If the exhaust temperature of the outside air is about
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300k then calculate the maximum efficiency of this steam engine?

Q20- Why do we say that adiabatic curve is steeper than isothermal curve? (2017)
Q21- Calculate the efficiency of heat engine if it operates between freezing and boiling (2017)
points of water.
Q22- Differentiate between Adiabatic and Isothermal process. Draw diagram showing (2017s)
both processes.
Q23- Derive Cp - Cv = R (2017s)
Q24- A reversible engine works between two temperatures whose difference is 100 0 . If it (2017s)
absorbs 746 J of heat from the source and rejects 546 J to the sink, calculate the temperature
of the source and the sink.
Q25- Is it possible to convert internal energy into mechanical energy. Explain briefly with an (2018)
example.
Q26- Differentiate between Reversible and Irreversible processes. (2019)
Q27- Write the limitations of first law of thermodynamics. (2019)
Q28- A refrigerator has a coefficient of performance 8. If the temperature in the freezer is - (2019)
230C. What is the temperature at which it rejects heat? (05)
Q29- Entropy is often called as ‘time arrow’. Explain briefly. (2019/Model)
Q30- Calculate the change in entropy when 10kg of water is heated from 90 0C to 1000C ? (2019)
(specific heat of water is 4180 J mole-1 k-1)
Q31- 336J of energy is required to melt 1 g ice at C  0 . What is the change in entropy of 30 g (2019)
of water at C  0 as it is changed to ice at C  0 by a refrigerator?
Q32- Two blocks of ice are pressed together in order to form a single piece. Explain how this (Model)
happens.
Q33- What is the function of spark plug in a petrol engine? (Model)
Q34- What are the conditions for a process to be reversible? (Model)
Q35- Prove that flow of heat Q from a hot to cold body increases entropy of the system (Old book
model)
Q36- Would an Air Conditioner, placed on a table in a room, cool it? (Old book
model)

CHAPTER #01 (MEASURMENTS)

Past Paper Long Question Year
Q1- Derive a relation for the time period of a simple pendulum using dimensional Model
analysis. The various possible factors on which the time period ‘T’ may depend are: Paper
(i) length of the pendulum (ii) mass of the bob
(iii) angle Ѳ which the thread makes with the vertical (iv) acceleration due to gravity
(08 marks)

CHAPTER #02 (VECTORS AND EQUILIBRIUM)

Q1- Define Torque. Explain the idea of torque due to a force F acting on a rigid body. 2012
Discuss two of its special cases. (08 marks)
Q2- Explain turning effect of a body of mass m. (07 marks) 2013
Q3- Define Cross product of two vectors. Explain it with any two examples. 2014
Also write the characteristics of cross product. (08 marks)
Q4- Define and explain scalar product of two vectors, also write its properties 2016/2016s
(01+02+04 marks)
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 OR
Q- Define and explain scalar product of two vectors with example. Show that the 2019
scalar product is commutative with the help of a figure. Describe its three
characteristics. (2+2+2)
Q5- Describe the method of addition of vectors by rectangular components with 2018s
figure. Also state its different steps for addition of vectors. (03+01+02)

CHAPTER #03 (FORCES AND MOTION)

Q1- Define projectile motion. Find a relation for (i) Maximum height attained by it and (Model
(ii) its time of flight. (06 marks) Paper)

OR 2012
Q- Explain Projectile motion and find out:
(i) Speed of body at any instant of time t (ii) Time of flight of the body
(iii) Horizontal range (1+2+2+2=7)
OR 2015
Q- What is Projectile Motion? If a projectile is fired with velocity ‘v’ which makes an
angle ‘θ’ with the horizontal, find the expressions for magnitude and direction of
velocity at any instant ‘t’. Also derive the expressions for the following:
(i) Height of Projectile (ii) Time of flight of Projectile (08 marks)
2017
OR
Q- What is Projectile? Also derive an expression for:
(i) Instantaneous velocity.
(ii) Instantaneous displacement.
(iii) Instantaneous Height.
(iv) Instantaneous Horizontal Range.
(v) Total time of flight. (01+05 marks) 2019
OR
Q- Define projectile motion with figure. Also derive mathematical equations for
maximum height attained, time of flight and range of projectile. (02+06
marks)
Q2- Prove that during one dimension elastic motion relative speed of approach is equal 2013
to the relative speed of separation. (06 marks)
OR
Q- Define elastic and inelastic collisions. For elastic collision in one dimension between 2016
two smooth, non-rotating balls, show that the magnitude of relative velocity of
approach is equal to the magnitude of relative velocity of separation. (01+01+04)

CHAPTER #05 (ROTATIONAL AND CIRCULAR

MOTION)
Q1- Evaluate the force needed to bend the normally straight path of the particle of mass 2013
m, into a circular path. (07 marks)
Q2- State Rotational kinetic energy. Derive the expression of rotational kinetic energy of a 2014
disc and a hoop. Why does a disc move faster than a hoop on an inclined plane? (08 marks)

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 CHAPTER #07 (OSCILLATIONS)
Q1- Derive equations for kinetic and potential energy of a body executing S.H.M for a Model
mass-spring system. (08 marks) Paper/2019
Q2- What is the law of conservation of energy? How is it verified in mass- spring 2014
system?
(08 marks)
Q3- What is simple pendulum? Show that its motion is simple harmonic. Derive the 2015
formula for its time period. On what factors does it depend? (08 marks)
OR
Q- Define Simple Harmonic Motion (SHM). Show that motion of a simple pendulum 2016
is SHM. Also derive an expression for its time period ‘T’ (02+04+01
marks)
OR 2017
Q- Prove that simple pendulum obeys simple harmonic motion during its oscillation.
Also derive Mathematical relations for time period and frequency of simple
pendulum.
Q- Discuss SHM and uniform circular motion and derive an expression for 2018
displacement and acceleration in terms of ω. (06
marks)

CHAPTER #08 (WAVES)

Q1- What was Newton’s formula for speed of sound? Calculate the velocity of sound using it. Model
How was it corrected by Laplace? (06 marks) Paper
Q2- What is Doppler’s effect? Obtain an expression for modified frequency in the 2015
following cases:
(i) If an observer moves towards the source with velocity u 0 .
(ii) If the source moves towards the observer with velocity us . (08 marks)
OR
Q- What is Doppler’s Effect? Discuss the following cases of Doppler’s effect when: 2017
(i) Both Observer and Source are at rest.
(ii) Observer moves towards stationary source.
(iii) Observer moves away from stationary source.
(iv) Source moves towards the stationary observer.
(v) Source moves away from the stationary observer. (01+05 marks)
OR
Q- Write a detailed note on Doppler’s Effect. (08 marks) 2017s
Q3- What are stationary waves? How are stationary waves generated? Discuss 2018
stationary waves in a stretched string. (01+01+04)

CHAPTER #09 (PHYSICAL OPTICS)

Q1- What is diffraction of light? Describe a diffraction grating and obtain the grating 2018s
equation to find the wavelength of light used. (01+02+03)
Q2- Explain polarization of light in detail. (08 marks) 2019
Q3- Describe the diffraction of X-rays by crystals and obtain Bragg’s equation. Write its 2019

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two uses. (02+02+02)

CHAPTER #10 (THERMODYNAMICS)

Q1- State Carnot theorem and the characteristics of a Carnot engine. Explain Carnot Model
cycle and Carnot engine. (08 marks) Paper
OR
Q- What is a Carnot engine? Discuss different steps of Carnot cycle. Also derive an 2016/2016s
expression for its efficiency. (01+03+03
marks)
OR 2017
What is Carnot Engine? Explain its all working steps, graphical sketch and also
calculate its efficiency. Why do we say that Carnot cycle is reversible? (06
marks) 2018
OR
Q- What is Carnot engine? Discuss its working and find out efficiency of Carnot
engine.
(01+04+01)
Q2- Prove that CP – CV = R (07 marks) 2012
OR
Q- What are the Molar Specific heats of a gas? Prove that molar specific heat of a gas 2014
at constant is greater than molar specific heat at constant volume. (08 marks)
OR
Q- Why is it customary to define the molar specific heats of a gas in two ways? 2015
Define ‘CV’ and ‘CP’. Why CP > CV ? Prove that CP - CV = R (08 marks)
Q3- Using the equation of an engine, explain that increase in the efficiency depends 2013
upon the temperature of hot reservoirs. (06 marks)

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