ND3801R ACT I Re-certify

Installing Premises Cabling Systems

Introductions

• Name

• Company

• Years of experience in
structured cabling?

• Years of experience with

NETCONNECT
Warrantied Cabling
Registered Installers

• 25 Year Warranty
• Installation - Quality
• Termination - Quality
• Containment - Suitability
• Testing - Detailed
• Qualified Installers
Network Basic
Communications Media
Type - Construction - Application

Type of Media Construction Application

Copper Unshielded UTP Horizontal

or or Backbone
Fiber Shielded FTP External
Twisted pair Internal

Tight Loose
Buffered Tube
Fiber Fiber
Communications Media
Transmission - Copper vs Fiber

Fast but limited

Electrons
bandwidth
Short distance

Fast with wide

Photons
bandwidth
Long distance
Copper Termination
Communications Media
Cable Types - U/UTP, U/FTP & F/UTP

U/UTP
No foil or braid
F/UTP
Single foil over
all pairs

U/FTP
Foil screen over
individual pairs
Communications Media
Cable Types - U/UTP, U/FTP & F/UTP

SF/FTP
(Cat5e Cable)

F/FTP also known as

PiMF600

S/FTP
Transmission
Cable Types - Testing

• Standards bodies set the parameters

Includes –

— Category of installation

— No of connections in channel

— Type of connectors

— Cable type

— Performance parameters
Transmission
Bandwidth – Information carrying capacity of a cable

• Twisted Pair – Expressed in MHz

• Fiber - Expressed in MHz.km

• Measured in bits or bites per second

• Calculation of data over a timed period

• E.g. 1Gb Ethernet = 1Gb data per second

Transmission
Balanced Cabling - Twisted pair

• Good balancing ensures –

• Net emissions are minimized

• Robust rejection of noise

Net Emission = 0 External Noise Noise is rejected

+E - E +N +N
+2V +1V +1V +N +2V

-1V One pair of wires in a 4 +1V +N

Transmitter pair cable
Receiver
Transmission
Measurements -dB

• Many test results are measured in dB’s

• Typically negative (But we drop the -)

• e.g. NEXT, Return Loss & ACR

Cat 6
- The higher the number the better
& Cat6A
• Attenuation
- Expressed in dB’s per unit of distance so 23AWG
the lower the number is better 0.545mm
Transmission
Attenuation

• The loss of power as a signal travels along a cable expressed in

Tested Parameter
decibels (dB) per a unit of distance

dB Loss
Transmission
Larger Core Size - Less Attenuation

dB Loss

dB Loss
Transmission
Cable Core Size - Performance

Cat 6
& Cat6A
Cat 5e
24AWG 23AWG
0.539mm 0.545mm

 
Transmission
NEXT – Near End Crosstalk

• Poor termination e.g. untwisted pairs causes the

Tested Parameter
transmitter of one pair to affect the adjacent
receiver of the next pair

• Repair can usually be made by re-termination

Open twist
TX/RX TX/RX

NEXT!

TX/RX TX/RX
Transmission
PSNEXT – Powersum of Near End Crosstalk

• Three pairs affecting a single pair

Tested Parameter

TX/RX TX/RX

TX/RX TX/RX

PSNEXT!
TX/RX TX/RX

TX/RX TX/RX
Transmission
RL- Return Loss

• Usually caused by damage to installed cable

Tested Parameter

• Could also be caused by mis matched components

Kink

Overtight
cable tie
Transmission
Propagation Delay & Delay Skew
• Different twist ratios per pair
• Signals arrive at different times Tested Parameter
• Up to 29 nanoseconds delay
Propagation Delay

TX/RX TX/RX

TX/RX TX/RX

TX/RX TX/RX

TX/RX TX/RX

Delay Skew
Transmission
ELFEXT (Equal level far-end crosstalk)

• The noise’ one pair induces into another pair in the same cable
Tested Parameter

TX/RX TX/RX

ELFEXT ACR-F
TX/RX TX/RX

TX/RX TX/RX

TX/RX TX/RX
Transmission
PSELFEXT (Powersum of equal level far-end crosstalk)

• Powersummation of the ‘noise’ coming from multiple

Tested Parameter
transmitters at the near-end into a pair

TX/RX TX/RX

TX/RX TX/RX

TX/RX TX/RX
PSELFEXT (PSACR-F)
TX/RX TX/RX
Transmission
10GBase-T – ANEXT Alien Near End Crosstalk

• When running 10G-BASE-T cables parallel to

one another causes ANEXT

• It refers to the undesired coupling of signals

from the transmit pairs in one cable onto the
receive pairs in an adjacent cable

• Or put simply, every pair in every adjacent

cable affects every pair in the next

• This is why the jackets of Cat 6A cables are

physically bigger to help increase distance
between pairs
Network Cable Performance Criteria
Copper vs Fiber Bandwidth / Distance

• 10G copper cabling is

limited to 100m

• Fiber can run 100G over

100m

• Fiber has much higher

bandwidth than copper
which is why it is used
for high-speed
communications all over
the world
Network Cabling
Cable Bundling – PoE Issues

• PoE devices are

increasing in
networks

• Bundles will heat

up, so may need
extra separation or
made smaller

• Check with your

designer.
Network Testing
ND3802 ACT II

• AMP ACT II covers

testing comprehensively

• Both NETCONNECT &

Uniprise
Before Structured Cabling
Each cabling system different

Cat 3 voice
Cat 5 data
Coax video
With Structured Cabling
All cabling the same

• Easy to make MAC’s

(Moves & Changes)
Structured Cabling Notations
All cabling on the floor the same
TR

• TO = Telecommunications Outlet
• TR = Telecommunications Room
(This is not necessarily a room. Could
also be a wall cabinet) TO’
• MC = Main Cross-connect s
TR
(Used where all the cabling is fully
structured and would include voice
cabling) Not always installed )
• EF = Entrance Facility
(Where external telecoms cables enter TO’
the building) s
EF
• ER = Equipment Room MC
(Room where all the main comms ER
equipment is installed. Could also just
be a single cabinet)
Physical Topologies
TIA 568 Standard

• Topologies are covered in standards

• TIA-568 specifies that both the horizontal and backbone
cabling networks be physically wired as a star
• Also accommodates non-star configurations
Twisted Pairs
Termination
• Twist must be maintained up to point of termination

• The SL tool reduces opening of the twist

TX/RX TX/RX

TX/RX TX/RX

TX/RX TX/RX

TX/RX TX/RX
Twisted Pairs
Termination 568A & 568B
T568A T568B

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
8 8

Pr Pr
1 1
Pr Pr Pr Pr
Tip Pr
3 4 Pr 2 4
Ring 2 3
Twisted Pair
SL Series Termination Tool
Category 7A & 6A/6 SL Solution
SL Modular Jack Videos
Distribution Module (DM) Panel
Copper Products
CCA Ceiling Connector

• CCA designed for wiring to wireless

points
• Available with or without attached
RJ45 tails
• Easy compression termination
using pump pliers
Classroom Exercise
Termination of the CCA Connector
Fiber Termination
Fiber Optic Transmission
Cross Section of Multimode Fiber Cable

50m
Core
(most commonly)

Cladding 125m

Acrylate
coating 250m

Tight Buffer. Secondary

polymer coating on 900m (About
indoor style fibers 1mm or 1/16in)
Fiber Optic Transmission
Numerical Aperture (NA)

Cone of Acceptance
• Numerical Aperture is the light
High Order
gathering ability of a fiber &
Modes
modes, are the angle light
takes through the fiber

• Low order modes take longer Axial Mode

paths & have fewer reflections

• High order modes take shorter

paths & have a high number of Low Order
reflections Mode

• Axial mode takes the

straightest path
Fiber Optic Transmission
Modal Delay – High Speed Limitations
10Gb on conventional multimode limited to 32m
10101010101??? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ?

10G VCSEL Detector

850nm

Core
Cladding

Actual
32m photo of
signal
arriving -
breaking up
Fiber Optic Transmission
Multimode – Laser Optimized MMF OM3, OM4 & OM5 LazrSPEED

10101010101010101010101010101010101

10 Gbps Detector
850nm Laser

Core
Cladding

550m Actual
photo of
signal
Makes 10Gbps possible on LOMMF and low cost VCSEL’s @ 850nm arriving -
breaking up
Fiber Optic Transmission
Common Enterprise Transmission Windows

Lower Loss
Higher Cost
Rayleigh Intrinsic
Scattering Absorption
4-

3- Water Peak Areas

Attenuation
dB 2-

1-

0-
800 1000 1200 1400 1600

850nm 1300nm 1550nm

1st 2nd 3rd
Window Window Window

Ultraviolet Infrared
Fiber Optic Transmission
OS2 (TeraSPEED) Full Spectrum Fiber
G652.D & G657.A1 Compliant

Lower Loss
Rayleigh
Scattering

4-
Intrinsic
3- Absorption
TeraSPEED
Attenuation
dB 2- Ability to use full low loss
spectrum for future DWDM
1280 1625
1-

0-
800 1000 1200 1400 1600

850nm
1st
Window

Ultraviolet Infrared
Fiber Optic Cables
Multimode Cables
200/500MHz.km
OM1 62.5/125 850/1300nm OptiSPEED
1Gb to 550m

Not recommended for new installs!

2000/500MHz.km
@ 850/1300nm LazrSPEED
OM3 50/125
10Gb to 300m 300

Minimum spec fiber for new installs!

4700/500MHz.km
@ 850/1300nm LazrSPEED
OM4 50/125
10Gb to 550m 550

4700/500MHz.km
OM5 @ 850/1300nm LazrSPEED
50/125
WBMMF 10Gb to 550m 550
Fiber Optic Cables
Single-mode Cables

Indoor Tight
OS1 Legacy OS1A Buffered

OS2 ZWP Full Spectrum Outdoor Loose

Fiber Tube
Fiber Optic Cables
Cables for Every Application – See eCatalog
Cable Design Application Guidelines

Environment Preferred Cable Type

Inside Buildings Tight Buffer

Direct Buried Trenches Loose Tube with Armor

Aerial Spans Loose Tube

Conduit - below frost

line
Loose Tube
- non-flooded
- unobstructed

Conduit - other OSP Loose Tube

Fiber Connectors
Connector Identification Colors

Multimode OM3/OM4 OM5 WBMMF Single-mode Single-mode APC

Fiber Connectors
LC Fiber Connectors SFF (Small Form Factor)

• Sprung 1.5mm ceramic

ferrule - good mating

• LC connectors can be
duplexed & are connector of
choice for current new
installs

• Designed to run 10Gb

• Average loss for MM

version is 0.1dB
LC – Simplex LC – Duplex
Fiber Connectors
MPO Fiber Connectors (Multi-fiber Push-on)

• Different density versions - up to

32 fibers per connector in
Enterprise networks

• Most common 12 way - MPO-12

• Male to female – plug to socket

required for mating

6mm
Fiber Connectors
MPO Fiber Connectors Identification

8 Fibers

12 Fibers

24 Fibers
Fiber Connectors
MPO Connectors Coupling

• MPO’s must be connected

male to female Keyways

• Latest ULL MPO style trunk

cables are all male

• Modules are female

• Inline connections should

Female (Holes)
use a straight-through
coupler

Male (Pins)
Fiber Connectors
MPO Fiber Connectors - MPO-16

• MPO–16 can also have

dual rows which gives 32
fibers

• Wider than standard MPO’s

• Has offset keyway to

prevent accidental mating
although larger size might
indicate they were different
Fiber Connectors
Qwik II Connectors

250/900m
• Available in ST, SC & LC
versions
2mm
• Multimode & single-mode
3mm SC
• Single-mode APC available LC

• Minimal termination tools

required

• Specific CommScope tool- Excluded from

kits are available 25 year warranty

• Universal Kits
Kit comes with a range of boots to
suit most fibers
Fiber
Different Termination Techniques

• Hand polish with Anerobic Adhesive

• Qwik II Pre-polished mechanical splice connectors

• Lightcrimp Plus Pre-polished mechanical splice connectors

• Fusion splicing to pigtails

• Fusion splicing directly to Qwik-Fuse connectors

Fiber Connectorization
Qwik II Connector

QWIK II Premium Kit

• ST, SC & LC Connectors

• Fast & easy termination QWIK II Basic Kit

• Minimum equipment required

• 2 x tool kit options available

Fiber Connectorization
Qwik II Connector – Option A

• Cleave the fiber to the correct

length for the connector

• Insert into connector whilst

under tension

• Release clamp

• Clean connector end face prior

to use
Fiber Connectorization
Qwik II Connector – Option B (recommended)

• Cleave the fiber to the correct length for the connector

• Connect the VFL to connector & turn on.
• Light appears in Position 1

1 2

• Insert the fiber into connector while under tension

• Light dims & connection is confirmed

1 2

• Release clamp & clean connector end face before use

Classroom Exercise
QWIK II Connector
Fiber
LightCrimp Plus Connectors

• Available as ST, SC 2. Cleave fiber

or LC 4. Insert fiber
• Termination kit
required
• Fast & easy Tool Kit
termination

1. Strip fiber 3. Insert fiber

Classroom Exercise
Lightcrimp Plus Connector
Fiber
Cleaving Tool – Required for Fusion Splicing

• Must use a quality cleaver

• Serviceable unit i.e. can be serviced

• Able to consistently produce a cleave angle

of 5° or less

• Usually with adjustable / replaceable

cleaver blade cutting wheel

• From $250
Fiber
Fusion Splicing

• A fusion splicer precisely

aligns & melts together two
prepared fiber ends with an
electric arc

• The splice is then reinforced

with a heat-shrink tube
Fusion Splicing
Splice Protectors

• Splicing is a easy way to make

permanent joins in fiber

• 250µm to 250µm

• 250µm to 900µm

• 900µm to 900µm

• Splice protectors are heat shrink

tubes with a metal strip to aid
shrinking & provide rigidity.
Inspection
Fiber Inspection
Unacceptable Multimode Fiber End-faces

Broken Chipped

Over-polished on
Shattered 1st paper
Fiber Inspection
Cleaning & Inspection

Cleaning is vital

Thumb print Dirty

Good factory finish Good factory finish

SM connector MM connector
Fiber Inspection
Inspection of Hand-polished Connectors

Single-mode vs
multimode

Single-mode connectors
are built to a higher Multimode connectors
tolerance. Less visible have more visible
adhesive ring adhesive ring
Fiber Cleaning
Cleaning & Inspection Materials
• Inspection & cleaning of LC, ST, SC & MPO
connectors & adapters requires appropriate
equipment

• Essential equipment of any kit is as Fiber lint-free Cleaning sticks for bulkheads
follows:- wipes

LC

ST/SC

Fiber prep fluid

MPO Inspection scope
Inspection Fiber
That completes this lesson Thank You