2-1 Multiplying powers. P.

48
Notes:

• when you multiply the powers if the bases are the same. Then we add the exponents.

𝒚𝟓 × 𝒚𝟐 = 𝒚𝟓+𝟐 + 𝒚𝟕 .

• Raising a power to a power. (𝑥 2 )3 = 𝑥 2×3 = 𝑥 6 .

• (𝑎 × 𝑏 × 𝑐)4 = 𝑎4 × 𝑏 4 × 𝑐 4 . Give 4 to all.

1 1 1
• Any number or variable with negative power, flip 4−2 = 42 = 16 𝑂𝑅 = 4−2 .
42

• 𝑧𝑒𝑟𝑜 𝑝𝑜𝑤𝑒𝑟 𝑜𝑓 𝑎𝑛𝑦 𝑛𝑢𝑚𝑏𝑒𝑟 𝑖𝑠 1. (𝑒𝑥𝑐𝑒𝑝𝑡 00 ).

• A negative base raised to an odd exponent is negative. (−3)3 = −27.

• A negative base raised to an even exponent is positive. (−3)2 = 9.

• 𝐶𝐴𝑈𝑇𝐼𝑂𝑁 −32 = −9 𝐵𝑈𝑇 (−3)2 = +9.

• If there is no number on a number or variable, it means the exponent is 1. 𝑝 × 𝑝 = 𝑝2

Example: Simplify the following powers

A/ 𝟒𝟐 × 𝟑𝟐 × 𝟒𝟓 × 𝟑𝟔 B/ 𝟒𝟐 × 𝟑−𝟐 × 𝟒𝟓 × 𝟑𝟔

(𝟒𝟐 × 𝟒𝟓 ) × (𝟑𝟐 × 𝟑𝟔 ) (𝟒𝟐 × 𝟒𝟓 ) × (𝟑−𝟐 × 𝟑𝟔 )

𝟒𝟐+𝟓 × 𝟑𝟐+𝟔 𝟒𝟐+𝟓 × 𝟑−𝟐+𝟔

𝟒𝟕 × 𝟑𝟖 𝟒𝟕 × 𝟑𝟒

C/ 𝒂𝟒 × 𝒃𝟓 × 𝒂𝟐 D/ 𝒚𝟐 × 𝒚 × 𝒚−𝟒

𝒂𝟒+𝟐 × 𝒃𝟓 ൫𝒚𝟐 × 𝒚൯ × 𝒚−𝟒

𝒂𝟔 × 𝒃𝟓
𝒚𝟑 × 𝒚−𝟒

𝟏
𝒚𝟑+(−𝟒) = 𝒚−𝟏 =
𝒚

𝟑 𝟑
E/ ൫𝟕𝟒 ൯ F/ ൫𝒙−𝟐 × 𝒚𝟎 ൯

𝟕𝟒×𝟑 = 𝟕𝟏𝟐 𝟑
൫𝒙−𝟐 × 𝟏൯ , 𝒚𝟎 = 𝟏
𝟑
൫𝒙−𝟐 ൯ → 𝒙−𝟐×𝟑

𝒙−𝟔
Q1/ (5𝑥4 77 )0

A/ 𝑧𝑒𝑟𝑜 B/5𝑥 4 𝑦 7 C/1 D/ 5𝑥 11

Q2/ Simplify(𝑥2 )−4 𝑥5

1 1
A/ 𝑥 3 B/𝑥3 C/𝑥 D/ 𝑥11

Q3/ What’s the simplest form of (𝑥2 )2 𝑥(𝑥−1 )4?

A/−1 B/𝑥8 C/1 D/ 𝑥

Q4/ What is the unknown exponent 𝑦( ) × 𝑦6 = 𝑦6 ?

A/1 B/6 C/0 D/ −6

Q5/ What is the simplest form of (𝑥2 )2 × (𝑥−1 )4 ?

A/1 B/𝑥8 C/−1 D/ 𝑥

Q6/ Which expression is equivalent to ൫3 × 105 ൯(4 × 102 )?

A/ 7 × 107 B/ 7 × 1010 C/ 1.2 × 108 D/ 1.2 × 1011

Q7/ A negative number raise to an exponent is equal to negative, what can you say about the

exponent?

A/ Even B/ Zero C/ Odd D/ Natural

Q8/ A negative number raise to an exponent is equal to positive, what can you say about the

exponent?

A/ Even B/ Zero C/ Odd D/ Natural

 2-2 Dividing powers. P.52 𝟓𝟕 𝟓 × 𝟓 × 𝟓 × 𝟓 × 𝟓 × 𝟓 × 𝟓
𝟑
= = 𝟓𝟒
𝟓 𝟓×𝟓×𝟓
Notes:

• If the bases are the same, subtract the exponents:

𝑥𝑎 𝑎−𝑏 𝑥5
=𝑥 , 𝑓𝑜𝑟 𝑒𝑥𝑎𝑚𝑝𝑙𝑒 = 𝑥 5−2 = 𝑥 2 .
𝑥𝑏 𝑥2

𝒙 𝟑 𝒙𝟑
• (𝒚) = 𝒚𝟑. Give the exponent to numerator and denominator.

𝒙 −𝟐 𝒚 𝟐 𝒚𝟐
• (𝒚) = ( ) = 𝟐 . Flip (upside down) the fraction and change negative exponent to
𝒙 𝒙

positive.

𝟑
𝒙𝟐 𝒙𝟐×𝟑 𝒙𝟔
• (𝒚𝟑 ) = 𝒚𝟑×𝟑 = 𝒚𝟗 .

----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Example: Simplify the following powers.

𝟑𝟖 𝒙𝟓
A/ B/
𝟑𝟐 𝒙𝟓
 𝑎5 𝑏9 23 ×32 ×57
C/ (𝑎𝑏)4 D/
2×34 ×55

2 3
E/ ( ) 2 −3
3 F/ ( )
3

3 3 2𝑥 3
2
G/ ( ) H/ ( )
4 𝑦𝑧

3𝑥 −3
I/ ( 2 ) 3 −1 2𝑥 −2
𝑦 J/ ( ) ×( )
4 3𝑦
 −2
𝑥 12
Q1/ ( ) =?
3𝑥𝑦 4

9𝑦 8 𝑥2
A/ 𝑥 22 B/𝑦 3 C/−1 D/ 𝑥

0
𝑦5
Q2/ (𝑥 6 ) =?

𝑦 𝑥6
A/0 B/𝑥 C/ 𝑦 5 D/ 1

−3
𝑥0
Q4/ Simplify (2𝑦 2) =

A/4𝑥 3 𝑦 6 B/ 6𝑥𝑦 5 C/ 8𝑥𝑦 5 D/ 8𝑦 6

2 −2
Q5/ What is the simplest form of (5) ?

25 4 4 5
A/ B/25 C/ 10 D/ 2
4

Q7/ What is the simplest form (4𝑥 4 𝑦 5 ) ÷ (2𝑥 2 𝑦 3 )?

A/ 𝑥 6 𝑦 5 B/𝑥 7 𝑦 3 C/ 2𝑥 2 𝑦 2 D/ 𝑥 3 𝑦 4

𝑥7
Q9/ Find the missing exponent = 𝑥 4.
𝑥( )

A/ 11 B/ 3 C/ −3 D/ 7