Scribd
Upload
29 views

Forced Convection

1. The experiment aims to determine convective heat transfer rates with constant heat supply for different air flow rates and vice versa using a heated test section. 2. The apparatus consists of a heated test section surrounded by insulation. Temperature sensors measure surface and air temperatures at steady state for varying heater power and air flow. 3. The heat transfer coefficient is calculated using the temperature difference, surface area, and heat transfer rate based on the mass flow rate of air determined from orifice meter readings.

Uploaded by

Raushan Kumar
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
29 views

Forced Convection

1. The experiment aims to determine convective heat transfer rates with constant heat supply for different air flow rates and vice versa using a heated test section. 2. The apparatus consists of a heated test section surrounded by insulation. Temperature sensors measure surface and air temperatures at steady state for varying heater power and air flow. 3. The heat transfer coefficient is calculated using the temperature difference, surface area, and heat transfer rate based on the mass flow rate of air determined from orifice meter readings.

Uploaded by

Raushan Kumar
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 3

Experiment:

lleat traIsfer thr0ugh foreed


convection:(i) Different air flow rates with constant neat suppy
(ii) Different heat supply with constant air flowrate
AIM: To deteiile convective heat trausler
rates willhcostmnt heat coeficient in forced convection for different air fiow
supply
INTROIDUCTION:
|leat transler canbe defined as the
(empermlure ditlerence bet ween them. transmission of encrgy from one region to another as a resut O
There are three different modes of heat transter;
I:AT CONDUCTION: The propertywhich allows the passage for heat energy, even
namely,
prts nre not in motion relative to onc another.
HEAT CONECTION: The capacity of moving thougn s
matter carry hcut energy by actual movenent.
l0
cmilor to nbsorb dillerent kinds of radiation by HEAT RADIATION: The property of matter to
trunsfer the convective heat transfer which of clectromagnctic waves. Out of these types of neat
our present concern, divides intotwo categories, viz.,
NATURAL CONVECTION: If the motion of luid is caused
resulimg Irom temperature gradients without the use of pump oronly fan,
due to difference in density
then the mechanism of heat
transfer is known as "Naturalor Frec Convection",
FORCED
is inducecd by some external means such as a pump or CONVECTION: If the motion o Iud
as "orced Convection", The Newton's law of blowcr. then the heat transfer process is known
cooling in convective heat transfer is given by, q=
InAAT, where, q Heat transfer rate, in watts: A = Surface area of
heat flow, in
lemperature dilference betwecn the wall and fluid, in °C: h = Convection heat m; AT=Overall
in W' "C. transfer co-efficient,

DESCRIPTION OF THE APPARATUS:

Control yave

Orifice plate

Band Hoatoe1

"ð Typo manomater


lomp.
Indicalor

Vadac OFP
ON

Hoalor Blowor

Cordil Pannel

Uhe anaratuS consists of hcat exchanger tube made oI mild steel


which is thermally insulated
outside to prevent heat transler losses to the atmosphere. Band heaters of 500watts
capacity, Heater
reoulalor (Variac) to supply the regulated power input to the heater. Digital Voltnmeter and Ammeter
to measure power input l0 ne neater. nermocoupies at suitable
position to measure the
temperatures of body and the air. Digital Temperature ndicator with channel selector to measure
the tensneeaiures. Blower unit lo blow air througn he heat
exchanger with orifice meter and
I)anomeler to mcasure the air low rate irom lne oiowe. Acontrol valve is provided toregulate the
air flow, Control panel to house all the instrumentation.
PROCEDURE:

1. Switch on the MCB and then console on switch to activate the control panel.
2. Switch on the blower unit first and adiust the low of air using wheel valve of blower to a
desired difference in manometer.
3. Switch onthe heater and set the voltage (say 80V) using the heater regulator and digital voltmeter.
4. Wait for rcasonable time to allow temperatures to reach steady state.
53. Measure the voltage, current and temperatures from T to T6 at known time interval.
6. Calculate the convective heat transfer co-cfficient using the procedure given.
7. Repeat the experiment for different values of power input to the heater and blower air flow rates.
Specifications:
Inner diameter of test section= D,=32 mm
Outer diameter of test section = D, =38 mm
Length of test section=L=412 mm
Diameter of orifice=d, =14 mm
Coefficient of discharge of orifice =Ca =0.6
Manometer fluid water (density = 1000 kg/m)
Process fluid = air (density = 1.2 kg/m)
Temperatures:
T= air inlet temperature
T2, T3, T4, T; = Surface temperatures of test section at different distances from the inlet
T6 = air outlet temperature
Test Section area = ID,L m'

Theory
IfQis the rate of heat transfer to fluid Q= C, AT=hA, (T, -T)
where rm mas8 flow rate of air e p.,
C, specific heat of air,
4T tomperature difference of air,
h= heat transfer coefficient,
A =Burfaco area of the tost pipe,
(T, -T)=temperature dilference betwoen surface and ambient.

The discharge (volume flow) rate, Vof air through the orifice can be calculated as
where P =density of water,
P, =density of air,
C= 0.64, coeficient of discharge,
d, diamter of orifice,
H. = level difference of water in manometer arms.

Now heat trans•er coefficient is given by A, (T, -T,)

Note: Here is the hcat carried away by the air (heat transfer by
heat input (Vxl) by clectrical means to the pipe convection) and is not equal to
Obsevation Table
Sr. Heater Manometer Thermocouple readingA, C
No. input reading,
6

CALCULATIONS
The density of atmospheric air at mean temperature of TË +T6

he discharge (volume flow) rate of air, V through the orifce can be caleulated as

where density of water Pu = 1000 kg'm

mass flow rate of air rA PaV

The heat transfer rate


Q- C, AT (W) where C, = 1006 Jkg.K for air,
AT - T, -To temperature diferance of air in 0
Now heat tranafer coeficient is given by h= A.(T.- J where A, =ndLm
T. +7+T +Ts

With use of empirical relations, the heat transfer


coefficient can also be calculated as
ale 0.023 (Rej (Pr)04
Re = Pr =
kir (r4) d?
Precautions:
1. Check all the electrical connections.
2. Do not run the equipment if the voltage is
3. Do not obstruct flow of air below 18OV and above 240V.
4.
while experiment is going on.
Make sure that heater regulator is at the
Do not attempt to alter the equipment as minimum
this
position before switching on the console.
may cause
6. Slowly turn the
dimmerstat knob to raise the voltage. damage to the whole system.
RESULT
he heat tansfer coefficient in
forced convection =.. V/m?.K.
G Make graph ofh vs mass flow rale
(or volune flow rate or Re)

You might also like