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The Surface Tension

What is surface tension. Methods to measure surface tension. Who discovered surface tension. Applications.

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Jose Hernandez
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56 views4 pages

The Surface Tension

What is surface tension. Methods to measure surface tension. Who discovered surface tension. Applications.

Uploaded by

Jose Hernandez
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Surface tension is the tendency of the surface of a liquid at rest to

contract to the smallest possible surface area.

To the smallest possible surface. It is due to the cohesive forces


between the molecules of the liquid acting
liquid molecules that act to bind the molecules.

As a result, the surface of the liquid behaves like a stretched elastic


membrane. The surface tension is is the cause of a number of
phenomena, such as:

● the ability of insects to walk on water.


● the formation of water droplets.
The ability to form bubbles.
The rise of water in a capillary tube.
● the ability of a needle to float in water.

It was not until the 19th century that the concept of surface tension was
first quantified by a German housewife and chemist named Agnes
Pockels. Pockels was self-taught in chemistry and physics. She began
her research on surface tension in the 1880s, and she published her
findings in a series of papers in the 1890s. Pockels developed a number
of experimental techniques for measuring surface tension, and she also
studied the effects of temperature, impurities, and other factors on
surface tension.

Surface tension is measured in units of force per unit length or energy


per unit area.
The SI unit for surface tension is newtons per meter (N/m).

The surface tension of a liquid is affected by a number of factors


including the temperature of the liquid, the presence of impurities and
the type of liquid.

The temperature of the liquid, the presence of impurities and the type of
liquid. In general, the surface tension of a liquid decreases with
increasing temperature and with the presence of impurities.

Surface tension is a very important property of liquids and plays a role in


many different phenomena in nature and in the environment.

Many different phenomena in nature and in engineering.

Methods that can be used to measure surface tension.

Capillary rise method: this method consists of measuring the height to


which a liquid rises in a capillary tube in a capillary tube. The height of
rise is directly proportional to the surface tension of the liquid.

The surface tension of the liquid.


Stalagmeter method: this method consists of measuring the volume of
liquid dropped into a capillary tube. The volume of liquid dropped from a
pipette onto a flat surface. The volume of the drop is inversely
proportional to the
proportional to the surface tension of the liquid.
Surface tension in the pharmaceutical industry:

The surface tension of a liquid drug can affect its solubility, stability and
bioavailability can affect its solubility, stability and bioavailability. For
example, a drug with a high surface. For example, a drug with a high
surface tension may be less soluble in water, which may hinder
administration.

Production of dosage forms: the surface tension of the liquid may affect
the production of dosage forms, such as tablets, as tablets with high
surface tension may be less soluble in water.

Manufacture of dosage forms such as tablets, capsules and creams.


Stability of pharmaceutical products: the surface tension of the liquid can
affect the stability of pharmaceutical products.

Effect of surface tension on the stability of pharmaceutical products.


High surface tension can form small droplets of liquid on the tablet
surface, which may increase the rate of this may increase the rate of
drug degradation.

Delivery of pharmaceuticals: Surface tension of the fluid can affect the


delivery of pharmaceuticals into the body may affect the delivery of
pharmaceutical products into the body. High surface tension may hinder
the penetration of a liquid drug through the skin.

Surfactant application with surface tension. Surfactant is the most


common application of surface tension. The molecules of surfactant
molecules adhere to the surface and reduce surface tension.
Surfactants are used in formulations containing two immiscible or
insoluble phases to stabilize them.

In pharmaceutical formulations, surfactants are widely used for


dissolving water-insoluble drugs at low concentrations, increasing
membrane permeability and aiding membrane membrane permeability
and assist in the transport of drugs across membranes or biological
barriers.

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