KNIME Analytics Platform User

Guide
KNIME AG, Zurich, Switzerland
Version 5.1 (last updated on 2023-07-19)
Table of Contents
Introduction. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 

Workspaces . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2  

User interface . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3  

Entry page. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 

Workflow editor & nodes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6  

Connect to KNIME Hub. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16  

Switch back to KNIME classic user interface . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16  

Space explorer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17 

Building workflows . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20  

Node repository . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21  

Node description . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23  

Workflow description . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24  

Node monitor . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24 

Info page . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25
 

Customizing the KNIME Workbench . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25  

Reset and logging . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25  

Configuring KNIME Analytics Platform . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26  

Preferences . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26
 

Setting up knime.ini. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30  

KNIME runtime options . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32  

KNIME tables . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39 

Data table . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39
 

Column types . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40 

Sorting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42
 

Column rendering . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42  

Table storage. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43 

Shortcuts. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45
 

General actions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45  

Execution . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46
 

Zooming and Panning. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46  

Component and metanode building . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47  

Node labels . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48
 

Workflow annotations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48  

Quick nodes adding . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49  

KNIME Analytics Platform User Guide

Introduction
KNIME Modern UI is the the new user interface for the KNIME Analytics Platform that is
available with improved look and feel as the default interface, from KNIME Analytics Platform
version 5.1.0 release.

Figure 1. KNIME Modern UI

This guide covers the basics of the KNIME Analytics Plaform usage, guiding you in the first
steps with the platform but also providing more advanced information about the most
important concepts together with indication on how to configure the platform.

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KNIME Analytics Platform User Guide

Workspaces
When you start KNIME Analytics Platform, the KNIME Analytics Platform launcher window
appears and you are asked to define the KNIME workspace, as shown in Figure 2.

The KNIME workspace is a folder on the local computer to store KNIME

 workflows, node settings, and data produced by the workflow.

Figure 2. KNIME Analytics Platform launcher

The workflows, components and data stored in the workspace are available through the
space explorer in the side panel navigation.

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KNIME Analytics Platform User Guide

User interface
After selecting a workspace for the current project, click Launch. The KNIME Analytics
Platform user interface - the KNIME Workbench - opens.

The active workflow of the KNIME Analytics Platform will be displayed after switching from
an opened workflow. If you have open multiple workflows before you switch the perspective,
only the active workflow and all loaded workflow tabs of the current KNIME Analytics
Platform will be displayed in the KNIME Modern UI. For each workflow you will see a
workflow tab after switching. After clicking the first tab (with the KNIME logo) you end up at
the entry page.

Figure 3. General user interface layout — application tabs, side panel, workflow editor and node
monitor

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KNIME Analytics Platform User Guide

Figure 4. User interface elements — workflow toolbar, node action bar, rename components
and metanodes

In the next few sections we explain the functionality of these components of the workbench:

• Entry page
• Workflow editor & nodes
• Connect to KNIME Hub
• Space explorer
• Node repository
• Node description
• Workflow description
• Node monitor
• Info page

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KNIME Analytics Platform User Guide

Entry page
The entry page is displayed by clicking the Home tab.

Figure 5. Entry page to create or open workflows

Here you will find:

• Three example workflows to help you get started

• Your local workspace - navigate your local workspace to find the workflow you want to
work on
• Create a new workflow by clicking the yellow plus button
• Access one of the available mount points. Click Sign in, provide your credentials and
start navigating the available spaces. By default only the local workspace, and the link
to connect to your personal KNIME Community Hub space are visible. To add a new
mount point follow the instructions in the Connect to KNIME Hub section.

Please be aware that in case you want to work with KNIME Server you need to
 switch to the classic user interface.

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KNIME Analytics Platform User Guide

Workflow editor & nodes

The workflow editor is where workflows are assembled. Workflows are made up of individual
tasks, represented by nodes.

One way to create a new workflow is to go to the space explorer, click the three dots and
select Create workflow from the menu. Give the workflow a name and click Create.

In the new empty workflow editor, create a workflow by dragging nodes from the node
repository to the workflow editor, then connecting, configuring, and executing them.

Nodes

In KNIME Analytics Platform, individual tasks are represented by nodes. Nodes can perform
all sorts of tasks, including reading/writing files, transforming data, training models, creating
visualizations, and so on.

Facts about nodes

Figure 6. A node in KNIME Analytics Platform

• Each node is displayed as a colored box with input and output ports, as well as a status,
as shown in Figure 6
• The input port(s) hold the data that the node processes, and the output port(s) hold the
resulting datasets of the operation
• The data is transferred over a connection from the output port of one to the input port
of another node.

For simplicity we refer to data when we refer to node input and output ports, but
 nodes can also have input and output ports that hold a model, a database
query, or another type explained in Node Ports.

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KNIME Analytics Platform User Guide

A node can me in different status as shown in the Figure 7.

Figure 7. A node can exist in different status

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KNIME Analytics Platform User Guide

Changing the status of a node

The status of a node can be changed, either configuring, executing, or resetting it.

All these options can be found:

• In the node action bar - click the different icons to configure, execute, cancel, reset and
when available open the view.

Figure 8. Action bar of a node

• In the context menu of a node - open the context menu by right clicking a node.

Figure 9. Context menu of a node

Identifying the node status

The traffic light below each node shows the status of the node. When a node is configured,
the traffic light changes from red to yellow, i.e. from "not configured" to "configured".

When a new node is first added to the workflow editor, its status is "not configured" - shown

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KNIME Analytics Platform User Guide

by the red traffic light below the node.

Configuring the node

The node can be configured by adjusting the settings in its configuration dialog.

Open the configuration dialog of a node by either:

• Double clicking the node

• Clicking the Configure button in the node action bar
• Right clicking a node and selecting Configure in the context menu
• Or, selecting the node and pressing F6

Executing the node

Some nodes have the status "configured" already when they are created. These nodes are
executable without adjusting any of the default settings.

Execute a node by either:

• Clicking the Execute button in the node action bar

• Right clicking the node and selecting Execute
• Or, selecting the node and pressing F7

If execution is successful, the node status becomes "executed", which corresponds to a

green traffic light. If the execution fails, an error sign will be shown on the traffic light, and the
node settings and inputs will have to be adjusted as necessary.

Canceling execution of the node

To cancel the execution of a node click the Cancel button in the node action bar, or right click
it and select Cancel or select it and press F9.

Resetting the node

To reset a node click the Reset button in the node action bar, or right click it and select Reset
or select it and press F8.

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KNIME Analytics Platform User Guide

Resetting a node also resets all of its subsequent nodes in the workflow. Now,
 the status of the node(s) turns from "executed" into "configured", the nodes'
outputs are cleared.

Node ports

A node may have multiple input ports and multiple output ports. A collection of
interconnected nodes, using the input ports on the left and output ports on the right,
constitutes a workflow. The input ports consume the data from the output ports of the
predecessor nodes, and the output ports provide data to the successor nodes in the
workflow.

Besides data tables, input and output ports can provide other types of inputs and outputs. For
each type the pair of input and output port looks different, as shown in Figure 10.

An output port can only be connected to an input port of the same type - data to data, model
to model, and so on.

Some input ports can be empty, like the data input port of the Decision Tree View node in
Figure 10. This means that the input is optional, and the node can be executed without the
input. The mandatory inputs, shown by filled input ports, have to be provided to execute the
node.

Figure 10. Common port types

A tooltip gives a short explanation of the input and output ports. If the node is executed, the

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KNIME Analytics Platform User Guide

dimensions of the outcoming data are shown in its data output port. A more detailed
explanation of the input and output ports is in the node description.

Adding nodes to the canvas

Currently there are three ways of adding nodes to your canvas to build your workflow:

1. Drag and drop a node from the node repository,

2. double click on a node inside the node repository, or
3. drop a connection into an empty area inside the workflow canvas to display the quick
nodes adding panel. Up to 12 recommended nodes are displayed inside this panel. Also
you can search in the panel for all compatible nodes.Click the desired node to add it.

Figure 11. Quick nodes adding with recommended nodes

To use quick nodes adding you need to allow us to receive anonymous usage data. This is
possible at the startup of the KNIME Analytics Platform or after switching to a new
workspace by selecting Yes in the “Help improve KNIME” dialog.

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KNIME Analytics Platform User Guide

Figure 12. “Help improve KNIME” dialog

You can also activate it, via the Open Preference button that is displayed in the quick nodes
adding panel.

Click here to find out what is being transmitted. If you don’t want to do this anymore, you can
deactivate it at any time in the KNIME Workflow Coach Preferences.

To open the preferences follow these steps:

1. Click the cog button in the top right corner of the Analytics Platform
2. Go to KNIME → Workflow Coach

3. Deactivate the setting Node Recommendations by the Community

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KNIME Analytics Platform User Guide

Figure 13. Workflow Coach Preferences

How to select, move, copy, and replace nodes in a workflow

Nodes can be moved into the workflow editor by dragging and dropping them. To copy nodes
between workflows, select the chosen nodes, right click the selection, and select Copy in the
menu. In the destination workflow, right click the workflow editor, and select Paste in the
menu.

To select a node in the workflow editor, click it once, and it will be surrounded by a border. To
select multiple nodes, draw a rectangle over the nodes with the mouse.

Replace a node by dragging a new node onto an existing node. Now the existing node will be
covered with a colored box with an arrow and boxes inside as shown in Figure 14. Releasing
the mouse replaces the node.

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KNIME Analytics Platform User Guide

Figure 14. Replacing a node in a workflow

Comments and annotations

You have two options in the workflow editor to document a workflow:

• Node label - Add a comment to an individual node by double clicking the text field
below the node and editing the text

Figure 15. Writing a node comment

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KNIME Analytics Platform User Guide

• Workflow annotation - Add a general comment to the workflow, right click the workflow
editor and select New workflow annotation in the menu. Now a text box will appear in
the workflow editor.

Double click the workflow annotation to add text and format the text and change the
color of the annotation outline. To change the format you can use the annotation bar or
use the following syntax:

• To create a heading, add number signs (#), followed by a space, in front of a word or
phrase. The number of number signs you use should correspond to the heading level
(<h1> to <h6>).
• To create a bullet list, add a star sign (*) followed by a space.

• To create a numbered list, add a number followed by a point (1.), followed by a space.

• To make a text bold, italic, or underlined, select the text and press CTRL+b, CTRL+i,
CTRL+u.

Finally you can click outside the annotation and click the annotation once again to
move it around the canvas or to change its dimensions.

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KNIME Analytics Platform User Guide

Connect to KNIME Hub

By default you can connect to your account on KNIME Community Hub from the Home tab.

It is possible to add a new KNIME Hub instance mount point by clicking the cog icon on the
top right corner of the Analytics Platform. Go to KNIME Explorer section and click New…. In
the window that opens select KNIME Hub and add your Hub URL. Then click Apply.

Now the new mount point will show up in the Home tab.

Sign in and select the space you want to work on. The content of the space and the related
operations you can do on the items are visible in the space explorer.

Switch back to KNIME classic user interface

If you want to switch back to the classic KNIME Analytics Platform user interface, go to the
info page, by clicking the info button at the top right corner of the KNIME Analytics Platform.
Here, in the section Switch to classic user interface click the button Switch to KNIME classic
user interface,

You can switch back to KNIME Modern UI at any time by pressing the button Open KNIME
Modern UI in the classic user interface, at the top right corner.

Really, really, really important disclaimer

 Workflow elements such as connectors or annotations are visualized in a new

way and may not look exactly like in the current KNIME Analytics Platform.
Changes will therefore not look 100% the same.

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KNIME Analytics Platform User Guide

Space explorer
The space explorer is where you can manage workflows, folders, components and files in a
space, either local or remote on a KNIME Hub instance. A space can be:

• Your local workspace you selected at the start up of the KNIME Analytics Platform
• One of your user’s spaces on KNIME Community Hub
• One of your team’s spaces on KNIME Business Hub

Please be aware that in case you want to work with KNIME Server you need to
 switch to the classic user interface.

You can switch to other spaces by:

• Going to the Home tab and selecting one of the available spaces
• On the top of the space explorer you can sign in to any of the Hub mount points and
select a space.

Figure 16. Select a space to explore

In the space explorer you can see:

• Workflows
• Folders
• Data files
• Components

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KNIME Analytics Platform User Guide

• Metanodes

Double click a new empty workflow to open it in the workflow canvas and start adding nodes
to the canvas from the node repository.

An overview on components and metanodes is available in the KNIME

 Components Guide.

Here you can click the three dots to select one of the following actions within the current
space:

• Create a new folder or a new workflow

• Import a workflow
• Add a file

Figure 17. Space context menu

Also you can rearrange the items in the space - just drag and drop the item to the position
you want to move it to.

You can also drop files to the canvas. KNIME will create the appropriate file reading node
automatically and preconfigure it. Finally you can drop a component to the canvas to use the
component in the current workflow.

Select an item from the current space and right click on it to access the item context menu.
From here you can Rename, Delete, Export (only available for workflows), Upload to Hub (if

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KNIME Analytics Platform User Guide

you are already connected to one of the available Hub mount points) or Connect to Hub.

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KNIME Analytics Platform User Guide

Building workflows
When you create a new workflow, the canvas will be empty.

To build the workflow you will need to add nodes to it by dragging them from the node
repository and connecting them. Alternatively you can drag an output port of a node to show
the workflow coach which will suggest you the compatible nodes and directly connect them.

Once two nodes are added to the workflow editor, they can be connected by clicking the
output port of the first node and release the mouse at the input port of the second node.
Now, the nodes are connected. For some nodes you might have the ability to add specific
ports. When hovering over these nodes you will see a + sign appearing. Click it to add a port.
If the nodes supports different types of these dynamic ports a list will appear for you to scroll
down to select the type of port you want to add.

You can also add a node between two nodes in a workflow. To do so drag the node from the
node repository, and release it at its place in the workflow.

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KNIME Analytics Platform User Guide

Node repository
Currently installed nodes are available in the node repository. You can add a node from the
node repository into the workflow editor by drag and drop, as explained in the section
Building Workflows.

Search for a node by typing a search term in the search field on top of the node repository, as
shown in Figure 18.

Figure 18. Node repository with two search modes

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KNIME Analytics Platform User Guide

By default a specific set of nodes to help you get started with the KNIME Analytics Platform
will be shown. You can expand the search results by clicking More advanced nodes in the
node repository. Click the cog icon to go to the KNIME Modern UI to change the default of the
nodes included in the node repository search results.

Figure 19. Change the default of the node search results

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KNIME Analytics Platform User Guide

Node description
You can access the node description, with information about the node function, the node
configuration and the different ports available for the node in the following ways:

• Select a node you added in the canvas, go to the side panel navigation and select the
first option
• Hover over a node in the node repository and click the info icon that appears. This will
open the node description panel.

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KNIME Analytics Platform User Guide

Workflow description
The description panel on the left of the KNIME Analytics Platform shown in Figure 3 provides
a description of the currently active workflow, or a selected component.

Click the pen icon to change the workflow description, add links to external resources and
add tags.

Node monitor
The Node Monitor tab is located on the bottom part of the KNIME Workbench shown in
Figure 20. It is especially useful to inspect intermediate output tables in the workflow.

Figure 20. Node Monitor

Here you can choose to show the flow variables or a preview of the output data at any port of
a selected node in the active workflow.

Switch to Statistics in order to see some basic statistics of the data.

Read more about the data table shown in the node monitor in the KNIME tables section.

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KNIME Analytics Platform User Guide

Info page
By clicking the info icon on the top right corner of the KNIME Analytics Platform you can
access to the info page.

Here you can find useful links like:

• The KNIME Forum to ask the community about workflow building, tips and tricks
• The KNIME Community Hub to find workflows, nodes and components, and collaborate
in spaces
• Some learning resources like cheat sheets, getting started guide and documentation
• Access to the extensions installation and to check for updates
• Here you can also switch back to KNIME classic user interface

Customizing the KNIME Workbench

Reset and logging

When a node is reset, the node status changes from "executed" to "configured" and the
output of the node is not available anymore. When saving a workflow in an executed state,
the data used in the workflow are saved as well. That is, the larger the dataset, the larger the
file size. Therefore, resetting workflows before saving them is recommended in case the
dataset can be accessed without any restrictions.

A reset workflow only saves the node configurations, and not any results. However, resetting
a node does not undo the operation executed before. All operations done during creation,
configuration, and execution of a workflow are reported in the knime.log file.

The knime.log file is also located in the knime-folder inside the .metadata-folder, in the
KNIME workspace folder defined when launching KNIME Analytics Platform. The knime.log
file has a limited size, and after reaching it the rows will be overwritten from the top.

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KNIME Analytics Platform User Guide

Configuring KNIME Analytics Platform

Preferences
With the release of KNIME Analytics Platform version 5.1 the preferences have been
rearranged. It can not be open, from the Modern User Interface the cog icon on the top right
corner of the Analytics Platform.

Here, a list of subcategories is displayed in the dialog that opens. Each category contains a
separate dialog for specific settings like database drivers, available update sites, and
appearance.

Figure 21. Open KNIME Preferences window from KNIME Analytics Platform

KNIME

Selecting KNIME in the list of subcategories, allows you to define the log file log level. By
default it is set to DEBUG. This log level helps developers to find reasons for any unexpected
behavior.

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KNIME Analytics Platform User Guide

Directly below, you can define the maximum number of threads for all nodes. Separate
branches of the workflow are distributed to several threads to optimize the overall execution
time. By default the number of threads is set to twice the number of CPUs on the running
machine.

In the same dialog, you can also define the folder for temporary files.

Check the last option Yes, help improve KNIME. to agree to sending us anonymous usage
data. This agreement activates the node recommendations by community in the Workflow
Coach.

KNIME Modern UI

In the KNIME Modern UI category you can:

• Select which nodes to include in the node repository and node recommendations
• Select which action is associated with the mouse wheel.

KNIME classic user interface

The KNIME category, contains a subcategory KNIME classic user interface. In this dialog, you
can define the console view log level. By default it is set to "WARN", because more detailed
information is only useful for diagnosis purposes.

Further below, you can select which confirmation dialogs are shown when using KNIME
Analytics Platform. Choose from the following:

• Confirmation after resetting a node

• Deleting a node or connection
• Replacing a connection
• Saving and executing workflow
• Loading workflows created with a nightly build

In the same dialog, you can define what happens if an operation requires executing the
previous nodes in the workflow. You have these three options:

• Execute the nodes automatically

• Always reject the node execution
• Show a dialog to execute or not

The following options allow you to define whether workflows should be saved automatically

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KNIME Analytics Platform User Guide

and after what time interval, also whether linked components and metanodes should be
automatically updated. You can also define visual properties such as the border width of
workflow annotations.

Table backend

Starting with KNIME Analytics Platform version 4.3 a new Columnar Backend is introduced, in
order to optimize the use of main memory in KNIME Analytics Platform, where cell elements
in a table are represented by Java objects by reviewing the underlying data representation.

The KNIME Columnar Table Backend extension addresses these issues by using a different
underlying data layer (backed by Apache Arrow), which is based on a columnar
representation.

The type of table backend used can be defined:

• As default for all new workflows created. Open the KNIME Preferences and select Table
Backend under KNIME in the left pane of the preferences window. Here you can select
Columnar Backend as Table backend for new workflows, as shown in Figure 22.

Figure 22. The Table Backend preference page.

The parameters relative to memory usage of the Columnar Backend can also be configured.
Go to File → Preferences and select Table Backend → Columnar Backend under KNIME in the
left pane of the preferences window, as shown in Figure 23.

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Figure 23. The Columnar Backend preference page.

Note that the caches of the Columnar Backend that reside in the off-heap memory region
require an amount of memory in addition to whatever memory you have allotted to the heap
space of your KNIME’s Java Virtual Machine via the -Xmx parameter in the knime.ini. When
altering the sizes of these cache via the preference page, make sure not to exceed your
system’s physical memory size as otherwise you might encounter system instability or even
crashes.

For a more detailed explanation of the Columnar Backend technical background

 please refer to this post on KNIME Blog.

High memory usage on Linux: On some Linux systems KNIME Analytics Platform can
allocate more system memory than expected when using the Columnar Backend. This is
caused by an unfavorable interaction between the JVM and the glibc native memory
allocator. There are multiple options to circumvent this issue.

• Option 1: Reduce the number of allowed malloc areas

1. Run KNIME Analytics platform with the environment variable MALLOC_ARENA_MAX
set to 1.
• Option 2: Use jemalloc
1. Install jemalloc on your OS. For ubuntu: apt install libjemalloc2 (link to
package).
2. Find the path to jemalloc: $ ldconfig -p | grep jemalloc. On Ubuntu 22.04 it is
/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libjemalloc.so.2.

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3. Start KNIME Analytics Platform with the environment variable LD_PRELOAD=<path

to libjemalloc.so from step 2>.
• Option 3: Use tcmalloc
1. Install tcmalloc on your OS. For ubuntu: apt install google-preftools.

2. Find the path to tcmalloc: $ ldconfig -p | grep tcmalloc. On Ubuntu 22.04 it is

/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libtcmalloc.so.4.
3. Start KNIME Analytics Platform with the environment variable LD_PRELOAD=<path
to libtcmalloc.so from step 2>.

Setting up knime.ini
When installing KNIME Analytics Platform, configuration options are set to their defaults. The
configuration options, i.e. options used by KNIME Analytics Platform, range from memory
settings to system properties required by some extensions.

You can change the default settings in the knime.ini file. The knime.ini file is located in the
installation folder of KNIME Analytics Platform.

To locate the knime.ini file on MacOS, open Finder and navigate to the
installed Applications.
 Next, right click the KNIME application, select Show Package Contents in the
menu, and navigate to Contents, and open Eclipse.

Edit the knime.ini file with any plaintext editor, such as Notepad (Windows), TextEdit
(MacOS) or gedit (Linux).

The entry -Xmx1024m in the knime.ini file specifies how much memory KNIME Analytics
Platform is allowed to use. The setting for this value will depend on how much memory is
available in the running machine. We recommend setting it to approximately one half of the
available memory, but this value can be modified and personalized. For example, if the
computer has 16GB of memory, the entry might be set to -Xmx8G.

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Besides the memory available, you can define many other settings in the knime.ini file. Find
an overview of some of the most common settings in Table 1 or in this complete list of the
configuration options.

Table 1. Common configuration settings in knime.ini file

Setting Explanation

-Xmx Sets the maximum amount of memory

available for KNIME Analytics Platform.
• default value: 1024m

• example: -Xmx16G

-Dknime.compress.io Determines which compression algorithm (if

any) to use when writing temporary tables to
• default value: SNAPPY disk.
• possible values: [SNAPPY|GZIP|NONE]

• example:
-Dknime.compress.io=SNAPPY

-Dorg.knime.container.cellsinmemory This setting defines the size of a "small

table". Small tables are attempted to be kept
• default value: 5,000 in memory, independent of the Table
• possible values: any value between 0 Caching strategy. By increasing the size of a
and 2,147,483,647 small table, the number of swaps to the disk
can be limited, which comes at the cost of
• example:
reducing memory space available for other
-Dorg.knime.container.cellsinmemor
operations.
y=100,000

-Dknime.layout_editor.browser This setting defines which browser should

be used to display the layout editor.
• default value version 4.7.2: swt
• possible values: [cef|swt]

• example:
-Dknime.layout_editor.browser=cef

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Setting Explanation

-Dknime.table.cache Determines whether to attempt to cache

large tables (i.e., tables that are not
• default value: LRU considered to be "small"; see setting
• possible values: [LRU|SMALL] -Dorg.knime.container.cellsinmemory) in
memory. If set to LRU, large tables are
• example: -Dknime.table.cache=SMALL
evicted from memory in least-recently used
(LRU) order or when memory becomes
scarce. If set to SMALL, large tables are
always flushed to disk.

-Dknime.url.timeout When trying to connect or read data from an

URL, this value defines a timeout for the
• default value: 1,000 ms request. Increase the value if a reader node
• example: -Dknime.url.timeout=100 fails. A too high timeout value may lead to
slow websites blocking dialogs in KNIME
Analytics Platform.

-Dchromium.block_all_external_requests This configuration setting when set to true

blocks all the external requests made by
• default value: false
Chrmium Embedded Framework.
• example:
-Dchromium.block_all_external_requ
ests=true

KNIME runtime options

KNIME’s runtime behavior can be configured in various ways by passing options on the
command line during startup. Since KNIME is based on Eclipse, all Eclipse runtime options
also apply to KNIME.

KNIME also adds additional options, which are described below.

Command line arguments

Listed below are the command line arguments processed by KNIME. They can either be
specified permanently in the knime.ini in the root of the KNIME installation, or be passed to
the KNIME executable. Please note that command line arguments must be specified before
the system properties (see below) i.e. before the -vmargs parameter.

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Note that headless KNIME applications, such as the batch executor, offer quite a few
command line arguments. They are not described here but are printed if you call the
application without any arguments.

-checkForUpdates
If this arguments is used, KNIME automatically checks for updates during startup. If
new versions of installed features are found, the user will be prompted to install
them. A restart is required after updates have been installed.

Java system properties

Listed below are the Java system properties with which KNIME’s behavior can be changed.
They can either be specified permanently in the knime.ini in the root of the KNIME
installation, or be passed to the KNIME executable. Please note that system properties must
be specified after the -vmargs parameter. The required format is -DpropName=propValue.

General properties

org.knime.core.maxThreads=<number>
Sets the maximum number of threads that KNIME is using for executing nodes. By
default this number is 1.5 times the number of cores. This property overrides the
value from the KNIME preference page.

knime.tmpdir=<directory>
Sets the default directory for temporary files KNIME files (such as data files).
This property overrides the value from the preference pages and is by default the
same as the java.io.tmpdir .

knime.synchronous.io=(true|false)
Can be used to enforce the sequential processing of rows for KNIME tables. By
default, each table container processes its rows asynchronously in a number of
(potentially re-used) threads. The default value is false. Setting this field to true will
instruct KNIME to always handle rows sequentially and synchronously, which in some
cases may be slower.

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knime.async.io.cachesize=<number>
Sets the batch size for non-sequential and asynchronous handling of rows (see
knime.synchronous.io). It specifies the amount of data rows that are handled by a
single container thread. The larger the buffer, the smaller the synchronization
overhead but the larger the memory requirements. This property has no effect if rows
are handled sequentially. The default value is 10.

knime.domain.valuecount=<number>
The number of nominal values kept in the domain when adding rows to a table. This
is only the default and may be overruled by individual node implementations.If no
value is specified a default of 60 will be used.

org.knime.container.threads.total=<number>
Sets the maximum number of threads that can be used to write KNIME native output
tables. By default this number equals the number of processors available to the JVM.
Note: This value has to be greater than 0.

org.knime.container.threads.instance=<number>
Sets the maximum number of threads that can be used to write a single KNIME native
output table. By default this number equals the number of processors available to the
JVM. Note: This value has to be greater than 0 and cannot be larger than
org.knime.container.threads.total.

knime.discourage.gc=(true|false)
If set to true, discourages KNIME from triggering a full stop-the-world garbage
collection. Note that (a) individual nodes are allowed to disregard this setting and (b)
the garbage collector may independently decide that a full stop-the-world garbage
collection is warranted. Set to true by default.

org.knime.container.minspace.temp=<number>
Java property to specify the minimum free disc space in MB that needs to be
available.
If less is available, no further table files & blobs will be created (resulting in an
exception).

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knime.columnar.chunksize=<number>
The columnar table backend horizontally divides tables into batches and vertically
divides these batches into column chunks. This property controls the initial size of
these chunks and thereby the number of rows per batch. A chunk is the smallest unit
that must be materialized to access a single value. Changing this value can therefore
impact memory footprint and overall performance. Do not change this value unless
you have good reasons. The default value is 28,000.

knime.columnar.reservedmemorymb=<number>
The columnar table backend caches table data off-heap. To this end, it requires
memory in addition to the JVM’s heap memory, whose size is controlled via the -Xmx
parameter. If no explicit cache sizes are set in the preferences, the default memory
available for caching is computed as follows: Total physical memory minus reserved
memory minus 1.25 times heap memory. The reserved memory size in this equation
(in MB) can be configured via this property. The default is 4,096.

knime.columnar.verbose=(true|false)
Setting this property to true activates verbose debug logging in the columnar table
backend.
-

knime.disable.rowid.duplicatecheck=(true|false)
Enables/disables row ID duplicate checks on tables. Tables in KNIME are supposed
to have unique IDs, whereby the uniqueness is asserted using a duplicate checker.
This property will disable this check.
Warning: This property should not be changed by the user.

knime.disable.vmfilelock=(true|false)
Enables/disables workflow locks. As of KNIME 2.4 workflows will be locked when
opened; this property will disable the locking (allowing multiple instances to have the
same workflow open).
Warning: This property should not be changed by the user.

knime.database.timeout=<number>
Sets the timeout in seconds trying to establish a connection to a database.
The default value is 15 seconds.

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knime.database.fetchsize=<number>
Sets the fetch size for retrieving data from a database.
The default value depends on the used JDBC driver.

knime.database.batch_write_size=<number>
Sets the batch write size for writing data rows into a database.
The default value is 1, that is one row at a time.

knime.database.enable.concurrency=(true|false)
Used to switch on/off the database connection access (applies only for the same
database connection).
Default is true, that is all database accesses are synchronized based on single
connection; false means off, that is, the access is not synchronized and may lead to
database errors.

knime.logfile.maxsize=<number>[mk]
Allows one to change the maximum log file size (default is 10 MB).
Values must be integer, possibly succeeded by "m" or "k" to denote that the given
value is in mega or kilo byte.

knime.settings.passwords.forbidden=(true|false)
If true, nodes using passwords as part of their configuration (e.g. DB connection or
SendEmail) will not store the password as part of the workflow on disc. Instead a null
value is stored, which will cause the node’s configuration to be incorrect (but valid)
after the workflow is restored from disc. Default is false.

knime.repository.non-instant-search=(true|false)
Allows to disable the live update in the node repository search.
-

knime.macosx.dialogworkaround=(true|false)
Allows to disable the workaround for freezes when opening node dialogs under
MacOSX.
-

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knime.data.bitvector.maxDisplayBits=<number>
Sets the maximum number of bits that are display in string representations of bit
vectors.
-

knime.xml.disable_external_entities=(true|false)
If set to true, all nodes that parse XML files will not read external entities defined via a
DTD.
This is usually only useful when running as an executor on the server and you want
prevent XXE attacks.

Plug-in dependent properties

These properties only affect some plug-ins and are only applicable if they are installed.

org.knime.cmlminblobsize=<number>[mMkK]
Allows to change the minimum size in bytes (or kilobyte or megabytes) a CML
molecule must have before it is stored in a blob cell. Otherwise it is stored inline. The
latter is a bit faster but needs more memory. The default is 8kB.

org.knime.ctabminblobsize=<number>[mMkK]
Allows to change the minimum size in bytes (or kilobyte or megabytes) a Ctab
molecule must have before it is stored in a blob cell. Otherwise it is stored inline. The
latter is a bit faster but needs more memory. The default is 8kB.

org.knime.mol2minblobsize=<number>[mMkK]
Allows to change the minimum size in bytes (or kilobyte or megabytes) a Mol2
molecule must have before it is stored in a blob cell. Otherwise it is stored inline. The
latter is a bit faster but needs more memory. The default is 8kB.

org.knime.molminblobsize=<number>[mMkK]
Allows to change the minimum size in bytes (or kilobyte or megabytes) a Mol
molecule must have before it is stored in a blob cell. Otherwise it is stored inline. The
latter is a bit faster but needs more memory. The default is 8kB.

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org.knime.rxnminblobsize=<number>[mMkK]
Allows to change the minimum size in bytes (or kilobyte or megabytes) a Rxn
molecule must have before it is stored in a blob cell. Otherwise it is stored inline. The
latter is a bit faster but needs more memory. The default is 8kB.

org.knime.sdfminblobsize=<number>[mMkK]
Allows to change the minimum size in bytes (or kilobyte or megabytes) a SDF
molecule must have before it is stored in a blob cell. Otherwise it is stored inline. The
latter is a bit faster but needs more memory. The default is 8kB.

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KNIME tables

Data table
Very common input and output ports of nodes are data input ports and data output ports,
which correspond to the black triangles in Figure 24.
Data
Input port Column Filter

Data
Output port

Figure 24. Data input and output port

A data table is organized by columns and rows, and it contains a number of equal-length
rows. Elements in each column must have the same data type.

The data table shown in Figure 25 is produced by a CSV Reader node, which is one of the
many nodes with a black triangle output port for data output. To open the table, click the
node. Execute the node if it is not yet execute. The table will show up in the node monitor.

The output table has row numbers, unique RowIDs and column headers. The RowIDs are
automatically created by the reader node, but they can also be defined manually. The RowIDs
and the column headers can therefore be used to identify each data cell in the table. Missing
values in the data are shown by a red question mark in a circle.

At the top of the node monitor you can select which output port you want to view via the tabs
and the flow variable tab, which shows the available flow variables in the node output and
their current values. Next row will indicate the table dimensions, meaning how many rows
and how many columns there are in the table at that specific output port. Here you can also
use the toggle to switch to Statistics. This tab shows the meta information of the table, like
the columns names, columns types and some other statistics data.

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Figure 25. Data output in KNIME Analytics Platform

Column types
The basic data types in KNIME Analytics Platform are Integer, Double, and String, along with
other supported data types such as Long, Boolean value, JSON, URI, Document, Date&Time, Bit
vector, Image, and Blob. KNIME Analytics Platform also supports customized data types, for
example, a representation of a molecule.

Switch to the Statistics view in an output table, to see the data types of the columns in the
data table, as shown in Figure 26. For numerical values, only the range of the values in the
data is shown. For string values, the different values appearing in the data are shown.

Figure 26. Data types and data domain in "Spec" tab

The reader nodes in KNIME Analytics Platform assign a data type to each column based on
their interpretation of the content. If the correct data type of a column is not recognized by
the reader node, the data type can be corrected afterwards. There are nodes available to
convert data types. For example: String to Number, Number to String, Double to Int, String to
Date&Time, String to JSON, and String to URI.

Many of the special data types are recognized as String by the reader nodes. To convert

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these String columns to their correct data types, use the Column Type Auto Cast node.

When you use the File Reader node to read a file you can convert the column types directly
via the node configuration dialog. To do so go to the Transformation tab in the configuration
dialog and change the type of the desired column, as shown in Figure 27.

Figure 27. Change column type in File Reader node

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Sorting
Rows in the table view output can be sorted by values in one column by clicking the up
(ascending) and down (descending) arrow that appears hovering over the column name in
the header. Note that this sorting only affects the current output view and has no effect on
the node output.

To sort rows in an output table permanently, use the Sorter node. Use the Column Resorter
node to reorder columns.

Column rendering
In a table view output, you can also change the way in which numeric values are displayed in
a data table. For example, it is possible to display numeric values as percentages, with full
precision, or replace digits by a grey scale or bars. To see these and other rendering options
for a column, click the carat icon in the column header, and select the desired available
renderer, as shown in Figure 28. Note that these changes are temporary and have no effect
on the node output.

Figure 28. Rendering data in table view

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Table storage
When executed, many KNIME nodes generate and provide access to tabular data at their
output ports. These tables might be small or large and, therefore, might fit into the main
memory of the executing machine or not. Several options are available for configuring which
tables to hold in memory as well as when and how to write tables to disk. These options are
outlined in this section.

In-memory caching

KNIME Analytics Platform differentiates between small and large tables. Tables are
considered to be small (large) when they are composed of up to (more than) 5000 cells. This
threshold of 5000 cells can be adjusted via the -Dorg.knime.container.cellsinmemory
parameter in the knime.ini file. KNIME Analytics Platform always attempts to hold small
tables in memory, flushing them to disk only when memory becomes scarce.

In addition, KNIME Analytics Platform attempts to keep recently used large tables in memory
while sufficient memory is available. However, it writes these tables asynchronously to disk
in the background, such that they can be dropped from memory when they have not been
accessed for some time or when memory becomes scarce. You can configure the memory
consumption of a specific node to never attempt to hold its tables in memory and, instead,
write them to disk on execution. This is helpful if you know that a node will generate a table
that cannot be held in memory or if you want to reduce the memory footprint of a node.

Figure 29. Configuring a node’s memory policy

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Alternatively, by putting the line -Dknime.table.cache=SMALL into the knime.ini file, KNIME
Analytics Platform can be globally configured to use a less memory-consuming, albeit much
slower caching strategy. This strategy only ever keeps small tables in memory.

Disk storage

KNIME Analytics Platform compresses tables written to disk to reduce the amount of
occupied disk space. By default, KNIME Analytics Platform uses the Snappy compression
algorithm to compress its tables. However, you can configure KNIME Analytics Platform to
use GZIP compression or no compression scheme at all via the -Dknime.compress.io
parameter in the knime.ini file.

Columnar Backend

Starting with KNIME Analytics Platform version 4.3 a new Columnar Backend is introduced.
This extension addresses these issues by using a different underlying data layer (backed by
Apache Arrow), which is based on a columnar representation.

For information on how to set up this type of backend please refer to the Table backend
section.

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Shortcuts
The listed shortcuts are only working inside the KNIME Modern UI Preview.
 They cannot be changed at the moment. The eclipse preferences have no
impact on them.

General actions
Table 2. The supported shortcuts

Action Mac Windows & Linux

Create workflow ⌘N Ctrl + N

Open workflow ⌘O Ctrl + O

Close workflow ⌘W Ctrl + W

Save workflow ⌘S Ctrl + S

Copy ⌘C Ctrl + C

Cut ⌘X Ctrl + X

Paste ⌘V Ctrl + V

Undo ⌘Z Ctrl + Z

Redo ⌘⇧Z Ctrl + Shift + Z

⌫
Delete Delete
⌦

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Execution
Table 3. The supported shortucts for execute nodes, reset and cancel node execution

Action Mac Windows & Linux

Execute F7 F7

Cancel F9 F9

Reset F8 F8

Execute all nodes ⇧ F7 Shift + F7

Cancel all nodes ⇧ F9 Shift + F9

Reset all nodes ⇧ F8 Shift + F8

Start step loop execution ⌘ ⌥ F6 Ctrl + Alt + F6

Pause step loop execution ⌘ ⌥ F7 Ctrl + Alt + F7

Resume step loop execution ⌘ ⌥ F8 Ctrl + Alt + F8

Zooming and Panning

Table 4. The supported shortcuts related to zooming and panning

Action Mac Windows & Linux

Fit to screen ⌘1 Ctrl + 1

Fill entire screen ⌘2 Ctrl + 2

100% ⌘0 Ctrl 0

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Action Mac Windows & Linux

Zoom in ⌘ \+ Ctrl \+

Zoom out ⌘- Ctrl -

hold “SPACE” — while hold “SPACE” — while

pressing left mouse button pressing left mouse button
canvas can be moved around canvas can be moved around
Panning workflow canvas

right or middle click and right or middle click and

move move

Component and metanode building

Table 5. The supported shortcuts related to build components and metanodes

Action Mac Windows & Linux

Create component ⌘J Ctrl + J

Expand component ⌘⇧J Ctrl + Shift + J

Create metanode ⌘G Ctrl + G

Expand metanode ⌘⇧G Ctrl + Shift + G

Rename component or
⇧ F2 Shift F2
metanode

Open component layout

⌘D Ctrl + D
editor

Enter component or
⌘⌥↩ Ctrl + Alt + ↵
metanode

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Action Mac Windows & Linux

Leave component or
⌘⌥⇧↩ Ctrl + Alt + Shift + ↵
metanoder

Node labels
Table 6. The supported shortcuts related to add workflow documentation via node labels

Action Mac Windows & Linux

Edit node label F2 F2

Apply changes and leave

⌘↩ Ctrl + ↵
edit mode

Workflow annotations
Table 7. The supported shortcuts related to add workflow documentation via formated
workflow annotations

Action Mac Windows & Linux

Normal text ⌘⌥0 Ctrl + Alt + 0

Headline 1 ⌘⌥1 Ctrl + Alt + 1

Headline 2 ⌘⌥2 Ctrl + Alt + 2

Headline 3 ⌘⌥3 Ctrl + Alt + 3

Headline 4 ⌘⌥4 Ctrl + Alt + 4

Headline 5 ⌘⌥5 Ctrl + Alt + 5

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Action Mac Windows & Linux

Headline 6 ⌘⌥6 Ctrl + Alt + 6

Bold ⌘B Ctrl + B

Italic ⌘I Ctrl + I

Underline ⌘U Ctrl + U

Strikethrough ⌘⇧X Ctrl + Shift + X

Ordered list ⌘⇧7 Ctrl + Shift + 7

Bullet list ⌘⇧8 Ctrl + Shift + 8

Add or edit link ⌘K Ctrl + K

Bring workflow annotation

⌘⇧↑ Ctrl + Shift + ↑
to front

Bring workflow annotation

⌘↑ Ctrl + ↑
forwards

Send workflow annotation to

⌘↓ Ctrl + ↓
the back

Send workflow annotation

⌘⇧↓ Ctrl + Shift + ↓
backwards

Quick nodes adding

Table 8. The supported shortcuts related to add workflow documentation via node labels

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Action Mac Windows & Linux

Open quick nodes panel and

⌘. Ctrl + .
switch through ports

Select node via ↑ ← ↓ → via ↑ ← ↓ →

Enter selected node ↩ ↵

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KNIME AG
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www.knime.com
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from KNIME GmbH, and are registered in the United States. KNIME® is also registered in Germany.