Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering

Midterm Exam SOLUTION

Spring 2018
EEE 243
Total Marks: 60 Signals & Systems Total Time: 50 minutes

Name: ID:
- There are 3 questions in total. You have to answer any 3 including question no. 1
- All questions carry equal marks, i.e. 20 marks for each question.
- Understanding the question is a crucial part of the exam.
- Please be clear, concise and to the point while answering.
- All answers need to be motivated with proper mathematics and/or conceptual logic.
- Unnecessary/irrelevant explanations are strongly discouraged.

1. Consider an LTI system with impulse response ℎ(𝑡) as illustrated in Fig.01. Find out the output 𝑦(𝑡) for a given input
𝑥(𝑡) as shown in Fig. 01. [20]

Fig.01

Ans: By mirroring and shifting 𝑥(𝑡)

Case I :

For < 𝟎 , NO OVERLAP: y (t )  x (t ) * h (t )   h (t ) x (t   )  0



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Case II :

For 𝟎 𝒕 < 𝟏 Partial Overlap: t 1

2 t 1 t 1
y (t )   (2  2)d  
1
1
 2 1  t 2

Case III :

For 𝒕 ≥ 𝟐 Complete Overlap:

2
y (t )   (2  2)d   2  2 1  4  1  2  1
2 2
1
1

Final Result and Sketch:

0 for t  0 No Overlap

y (t )  x(t )* h(t )  t 2 for 0  t  1 Partial Overlap
1 for t  2
 CompleteOverlap

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2. Consider the signal 𝑥(𝑡) as given in Fig.02.
a. Express 𝑥(𝑡) in terms of elementary signals 𝑟(𝑡) , 𝑢(𝑡) and
𝛿(𝑡). [10]
b. Find if 𝑥(𝑡) is energy signal or power signal or neither. [7]
c. Find the follwing integral where 𝑥(𝑡) is given in Fig.02. [3]
𝟓
∫ 𝒙(𝒕)𝜹′(𝟐𝒕 − 𝟓)𝒅𝒕
−𝟓
Fig.02

2.a)Ans:
𝟑 𝟗 𝟗 𝟑
𝒙(𝒕) = 𝒓(𝒕) − 𝒓(𝒕 − 𝟏) + 𝒓(𝒕 − 𝟐) − 𝒓(𝒕 − 𝟑) + 𝜹(𝒕 − 𝟒)
𝟐 𝟐 𝟐 𝟐

2.b)Ans:
∞
𝐸𝑛𝑒𝑟𝑔𝑦, 𝐸 = ∫ |𝑥(𝑡)|2 𝑑𝑡
−∞

3
3 2 1
2 92 ∞
1 3 7 11
= 2 ∗ (∫ | 𝑡| 𝑑𝑡 + ∫ |−3𝑡 + | 𝑑𝑡) + ∫ |𝜹(𝒕 + 𝟒)|2 𝑑𝑡 = 2 ∗ ( + ) + 1 = + 1 =
0 2 1 2 −∞ 2 8 4 4

As 𝐄 < ∞, then Power of 𝑥(𝑡) must be zero.

So, 𝑥(𝑡) is an energy signal.

2.c)Ans:
5

∫ 𝑥(𝑡)𝛿 ′ (2𝑡 − 5)𝑑𝑡

−5
2
1 ′ 5
= ∫ 𝑥(𝑡). . 𝛿 (𝑡 − ) 𝑑𝑡
|2| 2
−2
1
= − |2| . 𝑥 ′ (2.5)

1 3 𝟑
=− . =−
2 2 𝟒

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3. a. Is the following signal 𝑥(𝑡)periodic? If so, then find the fundamental period of (𝑡) . [10]
𝜋
3𝜋 5𝜋 exp (𝑗 𝑡)
𝑥(𝑡) = 2 cos( 𝑡) cos ( 𝑡) + 24
8 3 𝜋
exp(𝑗 36)
b. Evaluate the integrals: [5+5]
10
i. ∫−10 exp[−15𝑡 − 4] 𝛿′(𝑡 − 4)𝑑𝑡
2
ii. ∫−2 (−3𝑡 4 − 99) 𝛿′′(𝑡 + 1) 𝑑𝑡
𝜋
3𝜋 5𝜋 exp(𝑗 𝑡)
24
3.a)Ans: 𝑥(𝑡) = 2 cos( 8 𝑡) cos ( 3 𝑡) + 𝜋
exp(𝑗 )
36
31𝜋 49𝜋 𝜋
= cos ( 𝑡) + cos ( 𝑡) + exp (𝑗 𝑡)
24 24 72

2𝜋𝑡 2𝜋𝑡 2𝜋𝑡

= cos ( ) + cos ( ) + exp (𝑗 )
48 48 144
31 49
48 48
𝑇1 = 𝑠𝑒𝑐, 𝑇2 = 𝑠𝑒𝑐 & 𝑇3 = 144𝑠𝑒𝑐
31 49
48
𝑇1 31 49
Here, = 48 = [𝑤ℎ𝑖𝑐ℎ 𝑖𝑠 𝑎 𝑟𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛𝑎𝑙 𝑛𝑢𝑚𝑏𝑒𝑟 ]
𝑇2 31
49

So, (i)+ (ii) is periodic with period 𝑇’ = 𝑇1𝑋31 = 𝑇2𝑋49 = 48𝑠𝑒𝑐

𝑇3 144
Again, 𝑇′
= 48
= 3 [𝑤ℎ𝑖𝑐ℎ 𝑖𝑠 𝑎𝑙𝑠𝑜 𝑎 𝑟𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛𝑎𝑙 𝑛𝑢𝑚𝑏𝑒𝑟]

So 𝑥(𝑡) is periodic with period 𝑇 ′′ = 𝑇 ′ X 3 = 𝑇3 X 1=144sec

3.b)Ans:

10 2
i. ∫−10 exp[−15𝑡 − 4] 𝛿′(𝑡 − 4)𝑑𝑡 ii. ∫−2 (−3𝑡 4 − 99) 𝛿′′(𝑡 + 1) 𝑑𝑡

𝐿𝑒𝑡, 𝒙(𝒕) = 𝐞𝐱𝐩[−𝟏𝟓𝒕 − 𝟒], 𝐿𝑒𝑡, 𝒙(𝒕) = (−𝟑𝒕𝟒 − 𝟗𝟗),

5 2
′
∫ 𝑥(𝑡)𝛿 (𝑡 − 4)𝑑𝑡 ∫ 𝑥(𝑡)𝛿′′(𝑡 + 1)𝑑𝑡
−5 −2

2
= (−1) × 𝑥 ′ (𝑡) t4
= ∫ 𝑥(𝑡). 𝛿(𝑡 − (−1))𝑑𝑡
𝑑 −2
=− ( x(t )) t 4
𝑑𝑡
= (−1)2 𝑥 ′′ (−1)
𝑑 −15𝑡−4
=− (𝑒 )
𝑑𝑡 t 4
= −36𝑡 2 t1
=-36
−5×4−4 −𝟔𝟒
= 15𝑒 = 𝟏𝟓𝒆

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4. (a) Find out the input output relationship for the following system given in Fig. 04 [5]
(b) Comment on the following system’s linearity, causality & stability. (Give reasons) [9]
(c) Sketch the output of the system if the input is 𝑥(𝑡) = 𝑢(𝑡) [6]

Fig.04

4.a)Ans:

′′
ℎ(𝑡) = 𝛿 (𝑡 − 5) ∗ [𝑟(𝑡 + 6) − 2𝑟(𝑡 + 5) + 𝑟(𝑡 + 3)] = 𝛿(𝑡 + 1) − 2𝛿(𝑡) + 𝛿(𝑡 − 2)
𝑦(𝑡) = 𝑥(𝑡) ∗ ℎ(𝑡) = 𝑥(𝑡 + 1) − 2𝑥(𝑡) + 𝑥(𝑡 − 2)
4.b)Ans:
Linear, do the math by yourself
Non-Causal because of the presence of the future term 𝑥(𝑡 + 1) in the expression of 𝑦(𝑡)
BIBO stable as ℎ(𝑡) is converging.
∞
∫−∞|ℎ(𝑡)| < ∞

Or, Let |𝑥(𝑡)| < 𝐵 < ∞, 𝑏𝑒 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑏𝑜𝑢𝑛𝑑𝑒𝑑 𝑖𝑛𝑝𝑢𝑡

Output |𝑦(𝑡)| = 𝑥(𝑡 + 1) − 2𝑥(𝑡) + 𝑥(𝑡 − 2) < ∞ [As only shifting operation does not make a finite
signal infinite]

So, BIBO stable.

4.c)Ans:

𝑦(𝑡) = 𝑢(𝑡) ∗ ℎ(𝑡) = 𝑢(𝑡 + 1) − 2𝑢(𝑡) + 𝑢(𝑡 − 2)

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RELATED FORMULAE:
∞
Energy 𝐸 = ∫−∞|𝑥(𝑡)|2 𝑑𝑡

1 𝑇
Power 𝑃 = 𝑇 ∫0 |𝑥(𝑡)|2 𝑑𝑡

𝑡
∫𝑡 𝑥(𝑡)𝛿 𝑛 (𝑡 − 𝑡0 )𝑑𝑡 = (−1)𝑛 𝑥 𝑛 (𝑡0 ) [𝑓𝑜𝑟 𝑛𝑡ℎ 𝑑𝑒𝑟𝑖𝑣𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑣𝑒: 𝑖𝑓 𝑡1 < 𝑡0 < 𝑡2 ]
2
1

𝛿 𝑛 (𝑡 + 𝑎) ∗ 𝑢(𝑡 + 𝑏) = 𝛿 𝑛−1 (𝑡 + 𝑎 + 𝑏)

𝛿 𝑛 (𝑡 + 𝑎) ∗ 𝑟(𝑡 + 𝑏) = 𝛿 𝑛−2 (𝑡 + 𝑎 + 𝑏)
1 1
𝑐𝑜𝑠𝐴𝑐𝑜𝑠𝐵 = cos(𝐴 − 𝐵) + cos(𝐴 + 𝐵)
2 2
1 1
𝑠𝑖𝑛𝐴𝑠𝑖𝑛𝐵 = 2 𝑐𝑜𝑠(𝐴 − 𝐵) − 2 𝑐𝑜𝑠(𝐴 + 𝐵)

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