MAI

NTANANCE
OF
EL
ECTRI
CALSYST
EM

I
NDE
X
T
.THOWSE
EFAHAMME
D
 1.T ransformer s 2
2.CircuitBr eak ers 7
3.Relays 8
4.Lightni
n gAr restor 9
5.UPS 9
6.Bat t
eries 12
7.FireSy stem 13
8.Wat erT reat men tPl
ant 15
9.Diesel En gine 17
10.RMUYar d 26
11.Ch i
l
lers ys t
em 27
12.Lif
tMai n tenan ce 31
13.LTPan el Mai n
tenance 32
14.Cabl es 32
15.Abbr ev i
at i
on s
33

T
RANSF
ORME
RS
T
.THOWSE
EFAHAMME
D Page-1-
 T
ran
sfor
mer
:Tr
ans
for
meri
sas
tat
i
cdev
ice,wh
ichi
sus
edf
ors
tepu
por
s
tepdownth
ev olt
agewith
outch
angeinfr
equ
ency
,itwor
ksaccor
din
gto
F
aradayl
awofelectr
omagnet
i
cindu
cti
on.

Typesoft
ransf
ormer
s
Accordi
ngtocon s
tr
uct
i
on
1.
Oi l
type 2. Dryt
ype

Accor
din
gtophase
1.Si
ngl
ephase 2.
Thr
eeph
ase

Accor
din
gt otype
1.Shellt
ype 2.
Coretype 3.Ber
ryt
ype
(1&2u sedatdi
st
ri
but
ions
ide)
(3isusedatgener
ati
ngst
ati
ons)

Accor
din
gt ovol
tage
1.Stepdown( u
sedatdis
tr
ibut
ionsi
de)
2.Stepup(usedatgener
atin
gs t
ati
ons
)

Par
tsof
thet
ran
sfor
mer

 Winding
 Core
 Body
 Oil
 Onl oadt apchan
ger
 Windingtemperat
uremet
er
 Oiltemperatur
emeter
T erminal
s
 Breather
 Bucch ol
zrelay
 Con serv
ator
 Cool i
ngsy s
tem

Wi
ndi
ng:I
tiscopperwi
r
ewi
t
hin
sul
ati
on,t
ran
sfor
mercon
sis
tst
wo
t
ypesof
win
din
g1.
Pri
mar
ywi
ndi
ng2.
Secon
dar
ywi
ndi
ng.

T
.THOWSE
EFAHAMME
D Page-2-
 Oi
l
:Iti
sami
ner
aloi
lwi
t
hhi
ghv
iscos
it
yit
sBDV(
breakdownv
olt
age)
i
sbet
ween40k
vto50k
vinoi
lt
est
i
ngt
hegappr
odu
ces2.
5mm/
min
ute.

OL
TC(
onl
oadt
apch
anger
):I
tisu
sedt
och
anget
het
ap
posi
t
ionofthetransf
ormeronloadcondit
iondependsonou t
putvol
tage,i
ti
s
l
ocatedatthepr i
marysi
deofthetran
sfor
merbecausecablesi
zedependson
th
ecu rr
entatsecondarysidehighcur
rentandatprimar
ysidelowcurr
enti
s
avai
labl
ethat’
syOL TCislocat
edatprimarys
ide.

Bu
cch
olzr
elay
:Thi
srel
ayi
slocat
edbet
weent
het
ran
sfor
mer&
conservator
.Thi
srel
ayisact
ivatedwh eneverabnormalpres
sur
ei sprodu
ced
i
nt het rans
for
mertank&t heni twil
ltr
iptheMai nincomin
gs ou r
ceoft h
e
tr
ansfor
mer&gi v
esthealarm.T heabn or
malpressur
ei sproduceddu eto
mois
tureortheburni
ngofwin
ding/loos
econ t
actsetc.

Br
eat
her
:-I
ti
scon
nect
edt
oth
econ
ser
vat
ort
ank
,itcon
sis
tss
il
i
con
,
i
tisus
edtoabsor
bst
hemoi
stu
refr
omt h
einthetr
ansf
ormertank
,un
dern ormal
condi
ti
oni
ti
sinsk
ybl
uecol
ouri
fmois
tur
eisobser
vedittu
rnsint
opinkcolour
.

T
emper
atu
res
ens
ors
:Temper
atu
rer
ais
esdu
etoh
eav
yload,
u
nbalan
ceload,loos
econtact
s,l
ossofpr
oper
tyofth
eT rans
for
meroil
,low
l
evel
oftheoi
l
,fr
equentt
apchange,
poormai
nt
ain
ingofpowerf
actoret
c.

Con
ser
vat
or:
Iti
slocat
edatt
het
opoft
het
ran
sfor
mer
,th
eoi
ll
evel
i
nt r
ansf
ormercanr ai
sean dfal
lsduet otemperatu
rethi
soilcanen
ter
sinto
th
econ serv
atorch amber,i
ftemperatur
ei n
creasestheoili
nthetr
ans
for
mer
expands
,iftemperatur
edecreas estheoili
nt h
et r
ansf
ormeral
sodecr
eases
,
th
econ s
ervatorconsi
stsoi
labovet h
eh al
fofthetank.

T
ypesof
cool
i
ngf
ort
het
ran
sfor
mer
:

 ONAN(oi
lnat
ural
airnatur
al)
 ONAF(
oil
natur
alai
rforced)
T
.THOWSE
EFAHAMME
D Page-3-
  Wat
ercool
i
ngs
yst
em

Con
nect
i
onof
thet
ran
sfor
mer
:

1.Del
tatoDel
taconnecti
onisus
edinl
owvolt
agetr
ansfor
mers
2.St
artoSt
arconnect
ionisus
edinhi
ghvol
taget
rans
former
s
3.Del
tatoSt
arconnecti
onisus
edinst
epdowntr
ansf
ormers

Del
t
acon
nect
i
on:

I
L=√3I
ph VL=Vph

St
arcon
nect
i
on:

VL=√3Vph I
L=I
ph

HTmeanshi
ghten
sion
LTmean
slowtens
ion

Dai
l
yobs
erv
ati
onsi
ntr
ans
for
mer
:

1.Ch
eckt
hetemperat
ureofoi
l
2.Ch
eckt
hetemperat
ureofwi
ndi
ng
3.Ch
eckt
hecolouroft
hebreat
her
4.Ch
eckt
heworki
ng&pos i
t
ionoft
apchan
ger
5.Ch
eckt
heoill
eveli
nthecons
erv
ator

E
art
hi
ngf
ort
ran
sfor
mer
:

T
her
ear etot
all
yfi
veear
thpit
sarerequi
r
edf
ort
ran
sfor
mer
Twoearthpi
tsf
orbodyearth
ing
Twoearthpi
tsf
orneut
ralear
thi
ng
On eear
thpitf
orl
i
ghtni
ngarres
tor

Pr
otect
i
vedev
icesof
tran
sfor
mer
:

 Wi
ndi
ngtemperatu
rer
elay
 Oi
lt
emperat
urerel
ay

T
.THOWSE
EFAHAMME
D Page-4-
  Bucch ol
zrelay
 Breather
 Pressur
ereleasev al
ve
 Shortcir
cuitrel
ay
 Un dervol
tager elay
 Ov ervolt
ager elay
E ar t
hfaul
trelay

RT
CC:
(Remot
etapcon
trol
chan
ger
)

I
tisus
edt omai
nt
aint h
econ st
antoutputvolt
ageandchangethe
tapposi
ti
onofthetr
ansf
ormer.I
tsens
estheou t
putvolt
ageandgi
vesthe
commandthr
oughAVR(au t
omaticvol
tagerelay)totheOLTCtochan
ge
thet
apposit
ionoft
hetr
ansfor
mer.

AVRoper
ati
ngv
olt
agei
s110v
olt
s

T
ype’
sfau
lt
soccu
rredi
ntr
ans
for
mer
:

 ACmotorfai
lur
e
 Sur
gerelayt
ri
p
 Bucch
olzrel
ayalarm
 Bucch
olzrel
aytri
p
 Windi
ngtemperat
urehi
ghal
arm
 Windi
ngtemperat
urehi
ghtr
i
p
 Lowoill
evel

T
ypesof
los
sesi
ntr
ans
for
mer
:

T
her
ear
etwot
ypesof
los
sesi
ntr
ans
for
mer

T
.THOWSE
EFAHAMME
D Page-5-
 Copperlos
ses
I
ronl
osses

I
r
onl
oss
esar
eagai nclass
if
i
edintot
wot
ypes
Eddycu r
rentl
osses
Hyst
eresi
sloss
es

Cu
rren
tTr
ans
for
mer(
CT)
:

I
tisaprot
ect
i
vedev i
cewh i
chisusedtomeasu
retheh
igh
cu
rren
tan
diti
sast
epdowntr
ans
formerwi
t
hrati
odependsonl
oad.

Pot
ent
i
alT
ran
sfor
mer(
PT)
:

I
tisaprot
ecti
vedevi
cewhichisusedt
omeasur
ethehi
gh
v
olt
agean
ditisas
tepdowntr
ans
for
merwit
hrat
i
odependsonl
oad.

ACCP(
Aut
omat
i
ccapaci
t
orcon
trol
pan
el)
:

I
tconsi
st
scapaci
torbankswhi
chareusedtoimpr
oveth
e
powerf
act
oroftheload.I
tworkswit
hthehel
poftheAPF
C( Aut
omat
i
c
powerf
act
orcont
rol
)rel
ay.
Iti
sconn
ectedi
nparal
l
elt
othel
oad.

CI
RCUI
TBRE
AKE
RS
Ci
r
cui
tbr
eak
er(
CB)
:

T
.THOWSE
EFAHAMME
D Page-6-
 Itisa pr ot
ecti
ve devi
ce wh i
chpr otectsth
e electr
i
cal
equipmentsf
romthefaul
tcon di
ti
on,
ithastwocon t
actson eisf
i
xedcon t
act
(F
C)& an otheri
smov ingcon t
act( MC),undern ormalcondit
ionF Cis
att
ach edwit
hMC, underfaul
tcondi
tionFCisseparatedwithMC.
Un
derf aul
tcon di
tiona gap i sproduced bet weenF C & MC,
betweent hegapanar ci sproducedtoex ti
nguis
h /
quench/cu
tt h
ear c
ci
rcuitbr
eakersar
ecl as
si
fi
edi nt
oman yty
pestheyar e

1.OilCB
A)MOCB( mi
ni
mumoil
CB) b)Bu
lkoi
lCB
2.VCB(VaccumCB)
3.SF6CB(Sul
phurh
exafl
uor
i
deCB)

4.ACB(
AirCB)

5.MCCB(
Mol
dedcas
eCB)

 CB1,2,3areu
sedatHVs
idebecau
sei
thash
ighv
olt
age
l
owcurr
ent

 CB4,5ar eu
sedatL
Vsi
debecau
sei
thasl
owv
olt
age
hi
ghcu
rren
t

CBcon
sis
tst
hreet
ypesof
coi
l
stooper
ate

1.
Shu
ntcoi
l 2.
UV(
underv
olt
age)coi
l 3.
Clos
ecoi
l

T
ypesof
fau
lt
stooper
atet
heCB:
Depen
din
gupont
hes
efau
lt
sth
eCBget
soper
ate
 Sh
ortci
r
cui
tf
aul
t

T
.THOWSE
EFAHAMME
D Page-7-
  Ov
erl
oadf
aul
t

I
nst
ant
aneou
sear
thf
aul
t

 Gr
oun
dfau
lt

Rel
ays
Rel
ay:
I
ti
sas en
sin
gdev i
cewhi
chsens
eth
efau
ltan
dgi
vest
hecomman
dto
t
heci
r
cuitbr
eakertot
ri
ptheci
rcu
it
.

T
ypesof
rel
ays
:
 Di
f
fer
ent
i
alr
elay

E
art
hfau
ltr
elay

 Ov
ercu
rren
trel
ay

 Ov
erl
oadr
elay

 Ph
asepr
even
trel
ay

I
nst
ant
aneou
sear
thf
aul
trel
ay

 Un
derv
olt
ager
elay

 Ov
erv
olt
ager
elay

L
igh
tni
ngAr
res
tor

L
igh
tni
ngAr
res
tor
:

T
.THOWSE
EFAHAMME
D Page-8-
 I
ti
sal
s ok n
ownassur
geprotector
,i
tisu
s edt
oprot
ectth
eel
ect
ri
cal
ofequi
pments,whenevers
urgeisoccur
redthenhi
ghcur
renti
spr
odu
ced
th
ishi
ghcur
ren ti
sdi
ver
tedtoth
eear t
h.

T
ypesof
li
ght
ni
ngar
res
tor
:
 Rodt
ype

 Hor
ngapt
ype

E
xpu
lsi
ont
ype

 Nonl
i
nerr
esi
st
ort
ypewi
t
hgaps

UPS(
Uni
nt
err
upt
edpowers
uppl
y)
UPSiscommonl
yus
edf
orcr
i
ti
cals
yst
emsl
i
kecompu
ter
s,s
erv
ers
,
emer
gencyl
i
ght
in
gs,et
c

T
hemai
npar
tsof
theUPSi
s

1.Con
ver
terorRect
i
fi
er

2.I
nver
ter

3.Bat
ter
y

4.St
ati
cby
pas
sswi
t
ch

1.
Con
ver
terorRect
i
fi
er:
Itcon
ver
tsACs
uppl
ytoDCs
uppl
yforbat
ter
y
ch
argi
ng

2.
Inv
ert
er:
Itcon
ver
tsDCs
uppl
ytoACs
uppl
yforcon
nect
i
ngl
oads

Bat
3. ter
y:I
tst
orest
hepowerf
oru
sin
gdu
ri
ngpowerf
ail
ur
e
T
.THOWSE
EFAHAMME
D Page-9-
4.St
ati
cby
pas
sswi
t
ch:I
fin
ver
terf
ail
ur
est
hel
oadt
ran
sfer
stoby
pas
s
mode

T
ypesof
UPS:
1.On
li
neUPS–Con
ti
nuou
spowers
uppl
y

2.Of
f
li
neUPS–I
nt
err
upt
i
onmayoccu
rwh
enpowerget
sfai
l
ure

Saf
etymeas
uresof
UPS:
 Mai
nt
ainUPSr
oomt
emper
atu
re

 Keepi
ngUPSr
oomcl
ean

 Mai
nt
aint
her
ubbermat
sinUPSr
oom

 Mai
nt
ain
ingbat
ter
yvol
t
age

 Not
edownt
heal
lpar
amet
ers

E
qui
pmen
tsi
nth
eUPS:
I
GBT(
Ins
olat
edGat
eBi
pol
arT
ran
sis
tor
)

 Ch
argi
ngcar
d

 Dr
i
vecar
d

 Ch
oke

 St
epdownt
ran
sfor
mer

 Rect
i
fi
er

F
ail
ur
ereas
onsof
UPS:
I
nver
terf
ail
ur
e

Un
derv
olt
age

T
.THOWSE
EFAHAMME
D Page-10-
 I
npu
tsi
des
hor
t

Ph
aser
ever
sed

 Con
ver
terorRect
i
fi
erf
ail
ur
e

Ou
tpu
tsi
des
hor
t

Ov
erl
oad

 Roomt
emper
atu
reof
theUPSi
sbet
ween20º
Cto22º
C

BAT
TERI
ES
Mai
nt
enan
ceof
bat
ter
i
es:

 Ref
i
llt
hebat
ter
ywi
t
hgoodqu
ali
t
yof
dis
ti
ll
edwat
er

T
.THOWSE
EFAHAMME
D Page-11-
 Keept
hebat
ter
i
ess
urf
aceal
way
scl
ean&dr
y

 Maint
aint
hepetr
oleu
mjel
l
yatt
het
ermi
nal
soft
hebat
ter
i
esatl
eas
t
onceinamon
th

I
faci
dspi
l
lswas
hwi
t
hsoapwat
er

 Keept
hewoodenpl
ank
satt
hebot
tomof
thebat
ter
i
es

 Mai
nt
aint
hebat
ter
yvol
t
agebet
ween24vt
o27v

Speci
f
icgr
avi
t
yof
thebat
ter
i
es:

F
ull
char
ge:
-1.
26

 Heal
t
hy:
-1.
24

F
aul
t
:-1.
22

 Dead:
-1.
18

Gener
all
yL E
ADacidtypebat
ter
i
esareusi
ngforDG’
sbecau
sei
thash
igh
el
ectr
i
calresi
st
ancean
dmechani
cal
str
ength
.

Bat
ter
ych
arger
:Itcon
sis
tss
tepdownt
ran
sfor
meraf
ters
teppi
ng
downt
hevol
t
agean
dcon
ver
tst
heACs
uppl
ytoDCs
uppl
yforch
argi
ng
th
ebat
ter
i
es

F
IRESy
stem
F
IRE
:(F
indI
nf
ormRes
cueE
xti
ngu
ish
)

I
ti
scombu
sti
onpr
oces
sli
kemat
eri
almi
xedwi
t
hai
r
.

T
ypesof
fi
re:
T
.THOWSE
EFAHAMME
D Page-12-
 T
ypeA:
Sol
i
dfi
r
eli
kewood,
paper
,pl
ast
i
cet
c

T
ypeB:
li
qui
dfi
r
eli
kepet
rol
,al
coh
ol,
oil
etc

T
ypeE:
Elect
ri
cal
fi
re

T
ypesof
fi
reex
ti
ngu
ish
ers
:
T
oav
oidt
hef
i
reacci
den
t

T
ypeA:
Sodaaci
dty
pe

T
ypeB:
Foamt
ype

T
ypeE:
CO2(
car
bon
-di
-ox
ide)

E
qui
pmen
tsas
soci
atedi
nth
iss
yst
em:
 Hy
dran
ttwowaybr
anch
esdel
i
ver
yhead

T
woh
oses(
eachh
avi
ng10ml
ong)

 Hy
dran
tkey

 Cou
pli
ngs

L
ugs

T
ypesof
det
ect
ors
:
T
hisdet
ect
orwi
l
lget
sact
i
vat
eat88F
ahr
enh
eat

 Smok
edet
ect
or

 Heatdet
ect
or

T
.THOWSE
EFAHAMME
D Page-13-
T
ypesof
spr
i
nkl
erbu
lbs
:
T
hes
pri
nkl
erget
sbl
ast
sat68º
C/155F
ahr
enh
eat

 Redbu
lb

 Yel
lowbu l
b(I
tisu
sedatwh
eret
heh
eati
smor
eli
kei
nDGr
oom’
s,
ki
t
ch enr
oomset
c)

T
ypesof
spr
i
nkl
ers
:
 Ben
dedt
ype

 Upben
dedt
ype

 Si
dev
alv
ety
pe

T
ypesof
pumpsu
sedf
orf
i
reex
ti
ngu
ish
ers
:
J
ock
eypu
mp:
Its
tar
tsi
nAu
to&s
topsi
nAu
tomode

 Boos
terpu
mp:
Its
tar
tsi
nAu
to&s
topsi
nAu
tomode

 Spr
i
nkl
erpu
mp:
Its
tar
tsi
nAu
to&s
topsi
nMan
ual
mode

 Mai
nHy
dran
tpu
mp:
Its
tar
tsi
nAu
to&s
topsi
nMan
ual
mode

 Di
esel
pump:
Its
tar
tsi
nAu
to&s
topsi
nMan
ual
mode

WT
P(Wat
erT
reat
men
tPl
ant
)
WT
Pisu
sedt
odecr
eas
eth
ehar
dnes
soft
hewat
er.I
tcon
sis
tmaj
ort
ank
s
s
uchas

1.
San
dwat
erf
i
lt
er 2.
Sof
ten
ert
ank

T
.THOWSE
EFAHAMME
D Page-14-
 I
fth
eset
wot
ank
sar
emadeu
pofI
r
ont
hent
hatpl
anti
scal
l
edM.
S
pl
ant
.

I
fth
eset
wot
ank
sar
emadeu
pofF
ibert
hent
hatpl
anti
scal
l
edF
.R.
P
pl
ant
.

1.Sandwaterfi
l
terisusedt
oremov
eth
edu
stpar
ti
cl
esf
romt
he
wat
er.
Itcon
sis
tsof
thef
oll
owin
gpart
s

 Cor
esi
l
ex(
ston
es)

F
ines
il
ex -T
hes
e3par
tsar
ecommoni
nbot
hth
e

 San
d pl
ant
s

2.Sof
ten
ertanki
sus
edfordecr
eas
ingh
ardn
essofwat
erbys
alt
i
nj
ect
i
on.I
tcons
is
tsof
fol
l
owi
ngpar
ts

 Cor
esi
l
ex

F
ines
il
ex

 Rex
in

T
hes
epar
tscomesu
nderM.
Spl
ant

 Cor
esi
l
ex

 Rex
in

T
hes
epar
tscomesu
nderF
.R.
Ppl
ant

 T
oreduceth
ehar
dnes
soft
hewat
erwear
eus
ingt
hes
alti
nj
ect
i
on
t
oth
esoft
enert
ank
.

 Backwashi
sdonef
ort
hes
andwat
erf
i
lt
ert
oremov
eth
ewas
te
par
ti
cl
esfr
omth
ist
ank

T
ypesof
pumpscomesu
nderi
npu
mph
ous
e:
1.Rawwat
erpu
mp

2.T
reat
edwat
erpu
mp

T
.THOWSE
EFAHAMME
D Page-15-
 3.Hy
dron
eumat
i
cpu
mp

4.Doz
ingpu
mp

5.Dewat
erpu
mp

Rawwat
1. erpu
mp:
T
hes
epu
mpsar
eus
edt
ofi
l
lth
erawwat
ert
ank

T
2.reat
edwat
erpu
mp:
T
hesepumpsareusedt
ofi
l
lth
etr
eat
edwat
ert
ankaf
terdecr
eas
ing
t
heh
ardnessof
thewater

Hy
3. dr
oneu
mat
i
cpu
mp:
Thesepumpscol
lectt
hewaterf
romtreatedwatertankan dbui
ldup
th
epr ess
urewi
ththehelpofth
eairpr
essur
etan kandsuppl
iesforus
age.I
t
consi
stst
heNRV( NonRetur
nValv
e)attheoutputofth
epu mp.Thefu
ncti
on
ofNRVi sitbl
ockst
heretur
nin
gwaterfr
omt h
epi peswhenpu mpisinOFF
condi
tion.

Doz
4. ingpu
mp:
I
tsfunct
ioni
stoaddthechl
ori
netot
het
reat
edwat er
.Th
ispumpis
connected af
terthesof
ten
ertank
.F u
nct
i
onofch l
ori
neistor edu
ce
organi
smsinth
ewater.

Dewat
5. erpu
mp:
Itu
sedtoth
roughoutt
hewaterwh
ichcol
l
ect
edf
rombot
hth
etan
ks
af
tert
hesal
ti
nj
ect
ionandbackwas
h .

DG(
Dies
elGen
erat
or)
D.Gi sa combin
ati
on ofdieselen gin
e an d alt
ern
ator
.Engi
ne
gen
eratesthemech
ani
calener
gyandt h
ismech ani
calener
gyisconv
ert
ed
i
ntoelectr
i
calener
gywi
thth
ehelpofalt
ernator.
T
.THOWSE
EFAHAMME
D Page-16-
PART
SOFDG

 Alternator
E ngin e
 Radi ator
 Bat t
er i
es
 SelfStar t
er
 Pri
min gpu mp
 Dyn amo
T urboch ar ger
F uel f
il
ter
L ubeoi lf
ilter
 Bypas sfil
ter
 Cy l
en cer
 Airfi
lter
 Breat her
 Radi atorfan
T ermin albox
 Pressuret emper at
urepump
T hermos tat
E FC
 Act uator
 Magn eticpi ckupunit
 Au t
omat i
cv ol
tageregul
ator
 Wat erpu mp
 Wat ers epar ator
 Cool an tlev eli
ndi
cator
 Vacu u min dicator

Al
t
ern
ator
:
-

I
tisar ot
ati
ngdev
icewh
ichcon
ver
tst
hemech
ani
calen
ergyi
nto
el
ect
ri
calen
ergy.

T
.THOWSE
EFAHAMME
D Page-17-
E
ngi
ne:
-

I
ti
sadev
icewh
ichgen
erat
est
hemech
ani
cal
ener
gy.

Radi
ator
:
-

I
tcon
sist
sofwaterwi
thmixt
ureofcool
antwh
ichci
rcul
atest
hewat
er
toengi
newhichabsor
bt h
eh eatgener
atedfr
omtheengin
e.ThePHval
ue
ofcool
anti
sbelow9ppm.

Bat
ter
i
es:
-

I
tisusedt ostar
ttheengi
ne.I
tgivesdcs uppl
ytos el
fst
art
er.I
ts
vol
tagerangeisbetween24vto27v.
Wh enD.Gisst
opmodet h
ebatteri
es
arechargedbyE .
B( El
ect
ri
ci
tyBoar
d)s uppl
y.Wh enD.Gisonr u
nning
condi
ti
onthebat t
eri
esarechar
gedbydy namo.Gener
all
yLeadAcidCell
batt
eri
esaremoreprefer
abl
ebecauseithashi
ghelect
ri
calr
esi
st
ancean d
mechani
calst
rength
.

Sel
fst
art
er:
-

I
tisusedtosuppl
ythest
art
in
gtor
quetoth
eengine.T
hemin
imu
m
s
peedofth
es t
art
eri
s200rpmbel
owwhi
chth
eengi
nef
ail
stost
art
.

Pr
i
min
gpu
mp:
-

I
tisanoilci
r
culati
ngpumpwh i
chisus
edtoci
rcul
ateth
eoilf
romoi
l
t
ankt
oallpar
tsofengin
ewhichi
slocatedatt
hebot
tomofth
eengin
e.

Dy
namo:
-

Iti
srot
ati
ngdevi
cewh
ichconver
tsmech
ani
cal
en er
gyin
toelect
ri
cal
en
ergy(DCsuppl
y).
Thi
sDCsuppl
yisus
edtochar
gethebatt
eri
es.

T
urboch
arger
:
-

Itisamu l
t
ifuncti
onrotati
ngdevice,whi
chsuckstheai
rfr
omou ts
ide
th
rought heairf
il
terandsu ppli
est
hisfor
cedairtoen gi
neforcombust
ion
process.It
sanotherfu
ncti
oni stocoll
ectsmokewhichisgener
atedinthe
enginean dsenditoutthr
ou ghchi
mneys.I
tsr
otat
in
gs peedisgreat
erthan
1,00,
000r pm.

T
.THOWSE
EFAHAMME
D Page-18-
F
uel
fi
lt
er:
-

I
tsf
unct
i
oni
stof
i
lt
ert
hef
uel
.

L
ubeoi
lf
il
t
er:
-

It
sfu
nct
i
onist
ofi
l
tert
heen
gin
eoi
lwh
ichi
sci
r
cul
ati
ngf
romoi
lt
ankt
o
al
len
ginepar
ts
.

By
pas
sfi
l
ter
:
-

I
tsf
unct
i
onist
ofi
l
tert
heen
gin
eoi
lwh
ichi
sci
r
cul
ati
ngf
romal
len
gin
e
par
tst
ooil
tank
.

Cy
len
cer
:
-

It
sfun
cti
onistoredu
cethesoundwh
ichi
sgen
erat
edf
romt
hes
mok
e
an
dtosen
ditouttr
oughchi
mmeney.

Ai
rf
il
t
er:
-

I
tsf
unct
i
oni
stof
i
lt
erai
rwh
ichcol
l
ect
edf
romou
tsi
de.

Br
eat
her
:
-

I
tsf
unct
i
oni
stoabs
orbt
hemoi
st
uref
romt
heen
gin
e.

Radi
atorf
an:
-

I
tsf
unct
i
oni st
oabsor
btheheatwh
ichi
sgen
erat
edbyt
heen
gin
e
an
dsendi
toutsi
dethr
ought
her
adi
ator
.

T
ermi
nal
box
:-

Iti
slocatedatth
etopoft
heal
t
ern
ator
.It
scon
sis
tR,Y,Bt
ermi
nal
s
comi
ngfr
omaltern
ator
.

P.
T(Pr
ess
ureT
emper
atu
re)pu
mp:
-

T
.THOWSE
EFAHAMME
D Page-19-
 I
tsf
unct
i
oni
stobu
il
duppr
ess
ureof
thef
uel
.

T
her
mos
tat
:
-

Iti
sacoilwh
ichi
scon
nectedtoheatexch
angert
anktos
ens
ethe
t
emperat
ureofwat
er.I
fwat
ertemper
atu
rereaches92º
Ct h
enDG get
s
t
ri
pped.

E
FC(
Elect
ron
icF
uel
Con
trol
l
er)
:-

I
tsfun
cti
oni
stocon
trolt
hei
npu
tfu
eldepen
din
gont
hes
peed
v
ari
ati
on.

Act
uat
or:
-

I
tcon si
st
sav al
vewhi
chgivestheamountoffueldependi
ngon
speed.Itwor
kswit
hhel
pofPWM( Pul
seWidt
hModu l
ati
on)tech
niqu
e.T
his
PWMs ignali
scomi
ngfr
omECP(E
lect
roni
cContr
olPanel
).

Magn
eti
cpi
cku
pun
it
:-

I
tsf
unct
i
oni
stos
ens
eth
espeedof
theen
gin
e.

AVR(
Aut
omat
i
cVol
t
ageRegu
lat
or)
:-

I
tislocat
edi nt
healt
ern
atorwhichmai
ntai
nstheconst
antou
tpu
t
v
olt
age.I
fAVRfai
lsmor
efl
uct
uat
ionswi
l
loccuri
noutpu
tvol
tage.

Wat
erpu
mp:
-

Iti
swat
erci
r
cul
ati
ngpu
mp,wh
ichci
r
cul
atest
hewat
erf
romr
adi
ator
t
oen
gine.

Wat
ers
epar
ator
:
-

Iti
susedt
ofil
t
ert
hewat
erf
romt
hei
npu
tfu
el.
Cool
antlevel
indi
cat
or:
-

Iti
sus
edtofi
ndoutt
hecool
antl
evel
int
her
adi
ator
.I
ti
sal
socal
l
ed
cool
antgl
assi
ndi
cat
or.

T
.THOWSE
EFAHAMME
D Page-20-
Vacu
umi
ndi
cat
or:
-

I
ti
sus
edt
ofi
ndou
tamou
ntdu
stpar
ti
cl
esi
nth
eai
rf
il
t
er.

T
ypesof
check
sdon
eonDGs
ets
:

1.Ach
eck

2.Bch
eck

3.Cch
eck

4.Dch
eck

Ach
eck
:-I
ti
sdon
eev
eryday

 Ch
eckt
hedi
esel
lev
eli
nth
etan
k

 Ch
eckt
heen
gin
eoi
ll
evel

 Ch
eckt
her
adi
atorwat
erl
evel

 Ch
eckt
hef
anbel
tten
sion

 Ch
eckt
hes
peedof
theen
gin
e

 Ch
eckt
hewat
eri
nth
ewat
ers
epar
ator

 Ch
eckt
hewat
ert
emper
atu
re

 Ch
eckt
heou
tpu
tvol
t
ageof
theal
t
ern
ator

 Ch
eckt
hef
requ
ency

 Checkthes peci
fi
c gr
avi
t
y,di
st
il
l
ed wat
erl
evelan
d
vol
tageofbatter
i
es

 Ch
eckan
yleak
ages
,damagesan
dloos
econ
nect
i
ons

 Ch
eckt
ermi
nal
sof
bat
ter
i
es

T
.THOWSE
EFAHAMME
D Page-21-
Bch
eck
:-I
ti
sdon
eforev
ery300r
unn
ingh
our
sor6mon
ths

 Repeatt
heAch
eck

 Ch
anget
heen
gin
eoi
l

 Ch
angel
ubeoi
lf
il
t
ers

 Ch
angeby
pas
sfi
l
ter
s

 Ch
eckt
hef
uel
pres
sur
e

 Cl
eant
heai
rf
il
t
ers

 Cl
eant
her
adi
ator

T
igh
tent
hef
anbel
tten
sion

 Ch
eckcool
antl
evel
int
hewat
er

 Cl
eanorch
anget
hebr
eat
her

Cch
eck
:-I
ti
sdon
eforev
ery1500r
unn
ingh
our
sor1y
ear

 RepeatA&Bch
eck

 Ch
anget
heai
rf
il
t
ers

 Cl
eant
hef
uel
tan
kin
side

 Ser
vi
cet
heen
gin
ean
dal
t
ern
ator

Dch
eck
:-T
hisi
sdon
eforev
ery6000r
unn
ingh
our
sor2y
ear
s

 RepeatA,
B&Cch
eck
s

F
uel
pumpcal
i
brat
i
on

 Adj
ustt
hei
nj
ect
orsan
dval
ves
T
.THOWSE
EFAHAMME
D Page-22-
  Ch
eckt
het
urboch
arger

Saf
etymeas
uresof
engi
ne:
-

1.
Oil
lev
el

1.wat
erl
evel
inr
adi
ator

2.r
adi
atorf
anbel
t

3.bat
ter
ych
argi
ngv
olt
agean
damps

4.dr
ainwat
erf
romwat
ers
epar
ator

5.ch
eckai
rf
il
t
er

6.oi
lpr
ess
ure

7.f
uel
pres
sur
e

8.wat
ert
emper
atu
re

Saf
etymeas
uresof
alt
ern
ator
:
-

1.ch
eckou
tpu
tvol
t
age

2.ch
eckou
tpu
tfr
equ
ency

3.ch
eckou
tpu
tcu
rren
t

T
ypesof
sen
sor
s:
-

1.WT(
Wat
erT
emper
atu
re)s
ens
or

2.L
CWL(
LowCool
antWat
erL
evel
)sen
sor

3.OS(
OverSpeed)s
ens
or
T
.THOWSE
EFAHAMME
D Page-23-
 4.L
LOP(
LowL
ubeOi
lPr
ess
ure)s
ens
or

Saf
etyr
elay
spr
ovi
dedf
orDGs
et:
-

1.wat
ert
emper
atu
rer
elay

2.Ov
ercu
rren
trel
ay

3.E
art
hfau
ltr
elay

4.Rev
ers
epowerr
elay

5.Un
derv
olt
ager
elay

6.Ov
erv
olt
ager
elay

T
ypesof
ear
thi
ngpr
ovi
dedf
orDGs
et:
-

T
her
ear
efou
rear
thpi
t
srequ
ir
edf
orDGs
et.

1.t
wof
orn
eut
ral
ear
thi
ng

2.t
wof
orbodyear
thi
ng

T
ypesof
prot
ect
i
vedev
icesf
orDGs
ets
:-

 Br
eat
her

 Wat
ert
emper
atu
rer
elay

 Ov
ers
peedr
elay

L
owcool
antwat
erl
evel
rel
ay

L
owl
ubeoi
lpr
ess
urer
elay

T
her
mos
tat

E
lect
ron
icf
uel
con
trol
l
er

T
.THOWSE
EFAHAMME
D Page-24-
  Magn
eti
cpi
cku
pun
it

T
ypesof
Syn
chr
oni
zi
ng:

 Darkl
ampmeth
od
 Br
ightl
ampmeth
od

Con
dit
i
onf
ors
ynch
ron
izi
ngt
heDG:

1.Volt
agemustbeequal
2.Fr
equencymustbeequal
3.Phases
equencemustbeequ
al

I
fthes
econ
dit
i
onsar
enotget
sequ
alt
hent
heDGmayn
otgett
he
s
ynch
roni
ze

Met
erspr
ovi
dedf
orDGs
ets
:-

1.Powermet
ersar
eus
edf
ormeas
uri
ngf
orKW,KVAR,MWH,an
d
PF.

2.AC met
ersareu
sed formeasu
rin
gf orL
inev
olt
age,Ph
ase
vol
t
age,Phas
ecur
ren
tandFrequency
.

3.Engin
emet ersareus
edf ormeasur
i
ngf orBat
ter
yv ol
t
age,Oil
temperat
ure,Watertemperat
ure,Oilpres
sur
e,Fuelpres
sur
e,
RPMan dRu nni
nghour
s.

RMUYar
d

RMUYar
d:

RMUstan
dsforr
i
ngmai
nun
it
.Itcon
sis
tsdi
f
fer
entequ
ipmen
tsi
nth
is
y
ardaregi
venbel
ow
T
.THOWSE
EFAHAMME
D Page-25-
  SF6ci
rcui
tbreaker
 Meter
i
n gcubicl
e
 HTVacuumcircui
tbr
eak
er

SF
6ci
r
cui
tbr
eak
er:

I
nthi
swehavi
ngtwo11kv
/66k
vin
comi
ngf
eeder
sbyu
sin
gSF
6
CBan
yon
efeederh
asbeensel
ect
ed

Met
eri
ngcu
bicl
e:

Itcon
sis
tsCT( cu
rren
ttr
ans
for
mer
)&PT(poten
ti
alt
ran
sfor
mer
).
Byusi
ngthi
scubicl
ewecanmeas u
retheKWH,KVAH,UCKVA( uni
t
’s
con
sumpt
i
onk v
a),PF,KVA,andKWAH

Byusi
ngUCKVAwecans
eeal
sot
heh
owmu
chdeman
dwe
ar
ereach
ingperday

T
ypesof
fau
lt
soccu
rredi
nRMUYar
d:

Insul
atordamage
 PTdamage
 CTdamage
 Spoutki
tdamage
 Drawnmechani
smprobl
em
 Busbarmelt
/damage

CHI
LLE
RSYST
EM

Ai
rCon
dit
i
oner
:

I
tisa processofbywh i
cha si
mul
tan
eousl
ycon tr
olt
he
t
emper
atu
re,
humi
di
ty
,puri
tyan
ddis
tr
ibu
ti
onof
airi
naclos
eds pace.

T
.THOWSE
EFAHAMME
D Page-26-
T
ypesof
Chi
l
ler
s:

Depen
din
gup oncool
i
ng ofgasi
nth
econ
den
ser
,ch
il
ler
sar
e
cl
ass
if
i
edint
otwot
ypes

1.Watercool
edchi
ll
ers
2.Ai
rcooledchi
l
ler
s

T
ypesof
AirCon
dit
i
oner
s:

1.Cassett
eAC –2TR–Forbal
cony
2.Spl
itAC –2TR–Forwal
lfi
t
tin
g
3.Pr
ecisi
onAC –10TR –F
orserverr
oom
4.PackageAC –5TR–Forwor
kstati
on

Si
ngl
eli
nedi
agr
amof
chi
l
lers
yst
em:

T
.THOWSE
EFAHAMME
D Page-27-
SP -Secondarypump
PP -Pri
marypump
AHU -Ai
rhandl
i
ngunit

T
.THOWSE
EFAHAMME
D Page-28-
Par
tsof
thech
il
lers
yst
em:

 Compressor
 Conden s
ercoi
l
F an
E vaporat
orcoil
 Airf
il
t
ers
 AHU
E xpansi
onvalv
e
 Pri
marypump
 Secondarypump

Compr
ess
or:

I
tisahear
tofth
es ys
temitcons
ist
sapumpwhi
chci
rcu
lat
esthe
r
efr
i
ger
antinaclos
edloopbetweenthecon
dens
erandev
aporat
or.I
t
i
ncr
eas
esth
epres
sur
eofth
erefr
i
geran
t.

Con
den
sercoi
l
:

Itcon
sis
tstu
besfi
l
ledwi
t
hrefr
i
gerantt
hatr
emov
estheheatf
rom
h
eat
edgasref
ri
ger
antan
dconv
ert
sth
erefr
i
ger
anti
ntol
i
qui
dfor
m.

F
an:

I
tpu
ll
sou
tth
eai
rth
rou
ght
hecon
den
sercoi
lf
orh
eatdi
spos
al.

E
vapor
atorcoi
l
:

I
tcon
sis
tst
ubesfi
l
ledwi
thr
efr
i
gerantt
hatr
emovestheh
eatf
romt
he
l
i
qui
dandagaint
hisl
i
quidi
sconv
ert
ingi
ntovapourf
orm.

Ai
rFi
l
ter
s:

I
ti
sus
edt
oremov
eth
edu
stpar
ti
cl
esf
romt
heai
r
.

AHU(
AirHan
dli
ngUn
it
):

T
.THOWSE
EFAHAMME
D Page-29-
 I
tcon
sis
tst
hebl
owerwh
icht
hrou
ght
heai
ri
ntot
heai
rdu
cts
E
xpan
sionv
alv
e:

I
tcon
sis
tsav
alv
ewh
ichmai
nt
aint
hepr
ess
ureoft
hegasdepen
dson
l
oad.

VAV:

I
tstan
dsf
orvar
i
abl
eairval
vei
tcons
is
tsat
her
most
atplacedinanai
r
du
ctswhi
chs
ens
ethet
emper
atu
reoft
her
oomandopenst
heairval
ve

VCD:

I
tst
andsf
orv
olu
mecon
trol
damperi
ti
sus
edt
ovar
yth
eai
rvol
ume

VF
D:

Itst
andsforv ar
iabl
efr
equ
encydr
i
vei ti
su s
ed t
o mi
ni
miz
ethe
f
requencyaft
erreachi
ngth
erequi
r
edtemper
atu
reiti
sactu
atedby
t
emperatur
esens
or

VRV:

I
tst
andsf
orv
ari
abl
eref
ri
ger
antv
alv
e

VRF
:

I
tst
andsf
orv
ari
abl
eref
ri
ger
antf
l
ow

Saf
etydev
icesof
chi
l
ler
s:

 Wat erfl
owt emperat
ures
ens
or
 Pr
es sur
es wit
ch
 Ov erloadpr otect
or
T hermostat
 Doorl i
mitswit
ch
 Oilpressuresensor

T
.THOWSE
EFAHAMME
D Page-30-
 L
if
tMai
nt
enan
ce
L
if
t:

Iti
susedt
ocar
ryt
hewei
ghtf
roml
owert
ohi
gherpos
it
ionorh
igh
ert
o
l
owerposi
ti
on.

Mai
nt
ain
ingof
li
ft
s:

 Ropetes
ti
ng
 Check
ingARD(Aut
omati
cRes
cuedevi
ce)
 Check
ingFRD (
Fi
reRes
cueDevi
ce)

ARD(
Aut
omat
i
cRes
cueDev
ice)
:

Wheneversuppl
ygetsf
ail
ur
ethenthi
sdevi
ceget
sact
i
vat
edan
d
t
hel
i
ftcomest
on ear
estf
l
ooranddoormaygetopen
.

F
RD(
Fi
reRes
cueDev
ice)
:

Whenev
eran yfi
rewi
lloccu
rredinthel
i
ftt
henthi
sdev i
ceget
s
act
i
vat
edandthel
i
ftcomest
ogroundfl
ooran
ddoormaygetopen.

T
.THOWSE
EFAHAMME
D Page-31-
 L
TPan
elMai
nt
enan
ce

1.Checkin
gal lin
dicatorlamps
2.Test
i
n gindi
v i
dual f
eeders
3.Observi
ngl oadcu rr
en t
,vol
tage,power&fr
equency
4.Maint
aini
n gdistr
ibut
ionboardsingoodconditi
on
5.Removingan yu n
wan tedmateri
al
snearel
ectr
icals
yst
em
6.Checkal lt er
minals& MCBsofabn or
malh eat
ing /l
oos
e
connecti
on
7.Checkin
gE LCBcon diti
onmode
8.Maint
aini
n gal ogbookf orLTpanel

CABE
LS
1.Lowtensi
oncabl e(L
T)u s
ingupt
o1kv
2.Hightens
ion(HT)cableusi
ngupto11kv
3.Supertensi
on(ST)cableusi
ngupto33kv
4.Extr
ah i
ghtensi
on(EHT)cableus
ingu
pto66kv
5.Oilfi
l
led&gaspr ess
urecableus
ingupt
o132kv

T
.THOWSE
EFAHAMME
D Page-32-
 ABBRE
VIAT
IONS
ACB :Airci r
cu i
tbr eak er
OCB :Oi lcircu i
tbr eak er
SF6CB : Su l
ph urh ex af luor i
deci r
cu i
tbreaker
VCB :Vacu umci r
cu itbr eak er
MCCB : Mol dedcas eci rcu itbreak er
MCB: Mini
atu reci rcuitbr eak er
ELCB:Eart
hl eak ageci rcu itbr eak er
RCCB :Res i
du al cu rren tci r
cu i
tbr eaker
ELR :Ear thleak ageci rcu i
tbr eaker
OLR :Ov erl oadr el ay
CT :Cu rren ttran sf
or mer
PT :Pot en t
ial tr
an sf
or mer
RTCC :Remot et apch an gercon trol
OLTC :Onl oadt apch an ger
ASS :Ammet ers elect ors wit
ch
VSS :Vol tmet ersel ect ors witch
PVC :Polyv i
n ylch l
or ide
XLPE:Crosslinkedpol yet h ylenecabl e
CU :Copper
AL :Alumi nium
UG :Un dergr ou nd
OH :Ov erh ead
LA :Ligh t
n i
n gar res tor
NE :Neu tr
al ear thing
BE :Bodyear t
hin g
EE :Equ ipmen tear t
h ing
ABCB :Airbl as tcircu i
tbr eaker
AHU :Airh an dlingu nit
ACCP :Au tomat i
ccapaci torcon trolpanel
AMC: Annual mai nten an cecon tract
AMF: Automai nf ai l
ure
ACF :Act i
v atedcar bonf ilt
er

T
.THOWSE
EFAHAMME
D Page-33-
BMS :Buildingman agemen tsystem
BM :Breakdownmai nten an ce
CCTV :Clos edci r
cu i
tt elev i
sion
DOL :Directonl ine
DB :Distri
bu ti
onboar d
ELCB:
Emergen cyl igh t
ingdi stributionboar d
ECU :Engi necon t
rol unit
EMF :El
ect romot i
vef or ce
EDR :Emer gen cydoorr eleas e
NO :Nor mal l
yopen
NC :Nor mal l
ycl os e
OT :Ov ert emper ature
PCB :Pri
n tedci rcu i
tbr eak er
POP :Pl
as terof Par i
s
PLC :Progr ammabl el ogi ccon t
rol
RMU:Rin
gmai nu ni
t
SMPS:
Swit
chmodepowers uppl y
ST :Supert en si
on
SLD :Si
n glel inedi agr am
STP :Sewaget reat men tpl an t
SS :Statics witch
SMBS :Submai ns wit
chboar d
SFU :Switchf us eu nit
UBS :Upsdi str
ibu ti
onboar d
TPN :Tr
ipl epol ewi t
hn eu t
ral
SPN :Si
n glepol ewi thn eu tral
DPT :Dou bl epol ewi t
hn eutral
VRV :variabl er efri
ger an tfl
ow
VCD :Volu mecon tr
ol damper
VFD :Var i
abl ef requ en cydr ive
VAV :Var i
abl eadj ustabl ev alue
WT :Win dingt emper at ure
UPS :Unin terruptedpowers u pply
MPCB :Mot orpr otestingci rcu i
tbr eak
er
GCB :Gen eratorci rcu i
tbr eak er
T
.THOWSE
EFAHAMME
D Page-34-
KW :
Kil
owat t
KWH:Kil
owat th ou r
KVA :
Kil
ov ol tamps
KVAR:
Kil
ov oltsampsr eact ive
A :
Ammet er
V :
Vol tmet er
PFR :
Powerf actorr elay
SPPR:
Singleph as epr otect i
onr elay
OSR :
Ov ers peedr elay
PB :
Pu shbu tton
PF :
Powerf actor
RPM :
Rev ol
utionpermi nute
AC :
Alter natingcu r
ren t
DC :
Directcu rr
en t
AVR :
Au tomat i
cv oltager elay
HWT:Highwat ert emper atu re
ECP :
Elect ron i
ccon trol pan el
EFC :
Elect ron i
cf u el con tr
ol
OE M:
Or i
ginal en ginemodi fication
BTD :
By pas st i
medel ay
LLOP:
Lowl ubeoi lpr essu re
LCWL :
Lowcool an teat erlevel
AEC :
Au tomat i
cequ ipmen tchamber
CBCT :
Cor ebal an cedcu rr
en tt
rans
for
mer
ATS :
Au tot ran sfers witch
EDO :
Elect ri
cal lydr awou t
MDO:Man uallydr awou t
RVC :
Res idu al voltagech eck
ELCP:
Earthleak agecon trol pan el
MGC:Mu l
tigen er atorcon trol
MCP:Mot orcon trol pan el
NRV :
Nonr et urnabl ev alve
UJT :
Un ijun ctiont ran sis
tor
CPU :
Con trol proces singu nit
RMC:Ringmai nci rcu it
T
.THOWSE
EFAHAMME
D Page-35-
FET :Fi
el def f
ectivetransi
st
or
GOS :Gan goper atingswit
ch
SFU :Switchf us
eu n i
t
HMR:Hourmeterr eading
EGC :El
ect ronicgov ernorcont
rol
SSPM:
Sol
idstatepot en t
iomet er
LSM :Li
n es ynchronizi
ngmode
LTSB:
Lowtensions wi
tchboar d
LSU :Loads ensingu ni
t
BBC :Bu sbarch amber
SKO :Super i
ork eroseneoil

T
.THOWSE
EFAHAMME
D Page-36-