SCHEME OF EXAMINATION

B.Sc. (PASS COURSE) PHYSICS Semester I – IV w.e.f. 2012-13

Semester I
Paper No. Name of the paper Max. marks Time
I.A.
Paper I PHY-101 Mechanics 45 10 3 Hrs.
Paper II PHY-102 Electricity and Magnetism 45 10 3 Hrs.

Semester II
Paper-No. Name of the paper Max. marks Time
I.A.
Paper I PHY-201 Properties of Matters, 45 10 3 Hrs.
Kinetic Theory and
Relativity
Paper II PHY-202 Electro-magnetic Induction 45 10 3 Hrs.
and Electronic Devices
Paper III PHY-103 Practical 40 - 3 Hrs.
Paper IV PHY-203 Practical 40 - 3 Hrs.

Semester – III
Max. marks Time
Paper no. Paper Code Title I.A.

Paper I PHY-301 Computer Programming, 45 10 3 Hrs.

Thermodynamics

Paper II PHY-302 Optics -I 45 10 3 Hrs.

Semester – IV
Max. marks Time
Paper no. Paper Code Title I.A.
Paper I PHY-401 Statistical Mechanics 45 10 3 Hrs.
Paper II PHY-402 Optics-II 45 10 3 Hrs.
Paper III PHY-303 Practical 40 - 3 Hrs.
Paper IV PHY-403 Practical 40 - 3 Hrs.
Note:

1. Paper Nos. PHY 103 & 203; PHY 303 & PHY 403 will run concurrently
throughout the year. Practical examination will be held at the end of 2 nd Semester
 (for PHY 103 & PHY 203) and 4th Semester (for PHY-303 & PHY 403). The
work load for practical is 3 periods / week/ practical paper.
2. One Practical from each paper is to be performed in the practical examination.

INTERNAL ASSESSMENT :- The Internal Assessment for theory papers comprises of

(i) Attendance- 2.50
(ii) Unscheduled test 2.50
(iii)Assignments- 5.00
Total 10
 B.Sc. PHYSICS
SCHEME OF EXAMINATION

Semester-I

Paper I- PHY 101 : MECHANICS

Max. Marks : 45
Internal Assessment : 10
Time : 3 Hrs.
NOTE :
1. The syllabus is divided into 3 units. Eight questions will be set up. At least two
questions will be set from each unit and the student will have to attempt at least one
question from each unit. A student has to attempt five question in all.
2. 20% numerical problems are to be set.
3. Use of Scientific (non-programmable) calculator is allowed.
Unit I
Mechanics of single and system of particles, conservation of laws of linear momentum,
angular momentum and mechanical energy, Centre of mass and equation of motion,
constrained motion, degrees of freedom.
Unit II

Generalised coordinates, displacement, velocity, acceleration, momentum, force and

potential. Hamilton’s variational principle , Lagrange’s equation of motion from
Hamilton’s Principle. Linear Harmonic oscillator, simple pendulum, Atwood’s machine.
Unit III
Rotation of Rigid body, noment of inertia, torque, angular momentum, kinetic energy of
rotation. Theorems of perpendicular and parallel axes with proof. Moment of inertia of
solid sphere, hollow sphere, spherical shell, solid cylinder, hollow cylinder and solid bar
of rectangular cross-section. Acceleration of a body rolling down on an inclined plane.

References
1. Classical Mechanics by V.K.Jain (Ane 2009)
2. Classical Mechanics by H. Goldstein (2nd Edition)
3. Berkeley Physics Course, Vol. I, Mechanics by E.M. Purchell
 B.Sc. PHYSICS

Paper II- PHY 102 : ELECTRICITY AND MAGNETISM

Max. Marks : 45
Internal Assessment : 10
Time : 3 Hrs.
NOTE :
1. The syllabus is divided into 3 units. Eight questions will be set up. At least two
questions will be set from each unit and the student will have to attempt at least one
question from each unit. A student has to attempt five question in all.
2. 20% numerical problems are to be set.
3. Use of Scientific (non-programmable) calculator is allowed.

Unit I
Mathematical Background : Scalars and Vectors, dot and cross product, Triple vector
product, Scalar and Vector fields, Differentiation of a vector, Gradient of a scalar and its
physical significance, Integration of a vector (line, surface and volume integral and their
physical significance), Gauss’s divergence theorem and Stocks theorem.
Electrostatic Field : Derivation of field E from potential as gradient, derivation of
Laplace and Poisson equations. Elecotric flux, Gauss’s Law and its application to
spherical shell, uniformly charged infinite plane and uniformity charged straight wire,
mechanical force of charged surface, Energy per unit volume.
Unit II
Magnetostatistics : Magnetic Induction, magetic flux, solenoidal nature of Vector field
of induction. Properties of B (i) .B = 0 (ii) xB= J. Electronic theory of dia and
para magnetism (Langevin’s theory). Domain theory of ferromagnetism. Cycle of
Magnetisation - Hysteresis (Energy dissipation, Hysteresis loss and importance of
Hysteresis curve).
Unit III
Electromagnetic Theory : Maxwell equation and their derivations, Displacement
Current. Vector and scalar potentials, boundary conditions at interface between two
different media, Propagation of electromagnetic wave (Basic idea, no derivation).
Poynting vector and Poynting theorem.
References :
1. Electricity and Magnetism by Reitz and Milford (Prentice Hall of India)
2. Electricity and Magnetism by A.S. Mahajan and A.A. Rangwala (Tata McGraw
Hill).
 B.Sc. PHYSICS
Paper III Phy- 103
PRACTICALS
Max. Marks : 40
Time : 3 Hrs.
SPECIAL NOTES
1. Do any eight experiments .
2. The students are required to calculate the error involved in a particular
experiment (percentage error).
NOTE
1. Distribution of Marks :
Experiment : = 20 marks
Viva Voce : = 10 marks
Lab Record : = 10 marks
Total = 40 marks
For giving marks under Lab. Record each college will maintain practical assessment
record by using the following procedure :-
1. Each student has to peform a minimum number of experiments prescribed in the
syllabus.
2. After the completion of a practical the teacher concerned will check the note-
book and conduct the viva-voce of each student to find out how much concepts
related to the theoertical and experimental part of the experiment he/she has
understood. According to his/her performance marks will be recorded in their
practical note book. These marks will constitue the lab record.
3. To complete the final marks for lab. record a separate register for each class of
B.Sc will be maintained. The Student will be assigned a separate page on the
register. On this page the marks obtained by the student in different practicals
will be recorded. While taking the final average the total marks obtained willbe
divided by the total no. of required practicals, instead of the number of practicals
performed by the student. This record will be signed by the concerned teacher.
4. The lab. record register will be presented to the external practical examiners for
lab. record marks. The external examiners will verify the record randomly.
 B.Sc. PHYSICS
Paper III- PHY 103
PRACTICALS
Max. Marks : 40
Time : 3 Hours

1. Moment of Inertia of a fly-wheel

2. M.I. of an irregular body using a torsion pendulum.
3. Surface Tension by Jeager’s method.
4. Young’s modulus by bending of beam.
5. Modulus of rigidity by Maxwell’s needle.
6. Elastic constants by Searle’s method.
7. Viscosity of water by its flow through a uniform capillary tube.
8. Thermal conductivity of a good conductor by Searle’s method.
9. Mechanical equivalent of Heat by Callendao and Barne’s method.
10. ‘g’ by Bar pendulum.
 B.Sc. PHYSICS
SCHEME OF EXAMINATION

Semester-II

Paper I- PHY 201 : PROPERTIES OF MATTER, KINETIC THEORY AND

RELATIVITY

Max. Marks : 45
Internal Assessment : 10
Time : 3 Hrs.
NOTE :
1. The syllabus is divided into 3 units. Eight questions will be set up. At least two
questions will be set from each unit and the student will have to attempt at least one
question from each unit. A student has to attempt five question in all.
2. 20% numerical problems are to be set.
3. Use of Scientific (non-programmable) calculator is allowed.

Unit - I
Properties of Matter (Elasticity) : Elasticity, Hooke’s law, Elastic constants and their
relations, Poisson’s ratio, torsion of cylinder and twisting couple. Bending of beam
(bending moment and its magnitude) cantilevers, Centrally loaded beam.
Unit - II
Kinetic Theory of Gases : Assumptions of Kinetic Theory of gases, Law of equipartition
of energy and its applications for specific heats of gases. Maxwell distribution of speeds
and velocities (derivation required), Experiomental verification of Maxwell’s Law of speed
distribution : most probable speed, average and r.m.s. speed, mean free path.
Transport of energy and momentum, diffusion of gases. Brownian motion (qualitative),
Real gases, Van der Waal’s equation.
Unit - III
Theory of Relativity : Reference systems, inertial frames, Gallilean invariance and
Conservation laws, Newtonian relativity principle, Michelson - Morley experiment :
Search for ether. Lorentz transformations length contraction, time dilation, velocity
addition theorem, variation of mass with velocity and mass energy equivalence.
References
1. Properties of Matter by D.S. Mathur.
2. Heat and Thermodynamics (Vth Edition) by Mark W. Zemansky.
3. Berkeley Physics Course, Vol.-I Mechanics by E.M. Purchell.
 B.Sc. PHYSICS

Paper II- PHY 202 : ELECTRO MAGNETIC INDUCTION AND ELECTRONIC

DEVICES
Max. Marks : 45
Internal Assessment : 10
Time : 3 Hrs.
NOTE :
1. The syllabus is divided into 3 units. Eight questions will be set up. At least two questions will be set
from each unit and the student will have to attempt at least one question from each unit. A student has
to attempt five question in all.
2. 20% numerical problems are to be set.
3. Use of Scientific (non-programmable) calculator is allowed.
Unit I
Electromagnetic Induction : Growth and decay of current in a circuit with (a) Capacitance
and resistance (b) resistance and inductance (c) Capacitance and inductance (d) Capacitance
resistance and inductance.
AC circuit analysis using complex variables with (a) capacitance and resistance, (b) resistance
and inductance (c) capacitance and inductance (d) capacitance, inductance and resistance Series
and parallel resonant circuit. Quality factor (Sharpness of resonance).
Unit II
Semiconductor Diodes : Energy bands in solids. Intrinsic and extrinsic semiconductor, Hall
effect, P-N junction diode and their V-I characteristics. Zener and avalanche breakdown.
Resistance of a diode, Light Emitting diodes (LED). Photo conduction in semiconductors,
photodiode, Solar Cell.
Diode Rectifiers : P-N junction half wave and full wave rectifier. Types of filter circuits (L
and - with theory). Zener diode as voltage regulator, simple regulated power supply.
Transistors : Junction Transistors, Bipolar transistors, working of NPN and PNP transistors, Transistor connections
(C-B, C-E, C-C mode), constants of transistor. Transistor characteristic curves (excluding h parameter analysis),
advantage of C-B configuration. C.R. O. (Principle, construction and working in detail).
Unit III
Transistor Amplifers : Transistor biasing, methods of Transistor biasing and stabilization. D.C.
load line. Common-base and common-emitter transistor biasing. Common-base, common-
emitteer amplifers. Classification of amplifers. Resistance-capacitance (R-C) coupled amplifer
(two stage; concept of band width, no derivation). Feed-back in amplifers, advantage of negative
feedback Emitter follower.
Oscillators : Oscillators, Principle of Oscillation, Classification of Oscillator. Condition for self
sustained oscillation : Barkhousen Criterion for oscillations. Tuned collector common emitter
oscillator. Hartley oscillator. Colpitt’s oscillator.
References :
1. Electricity and Magnetism by Reitz and Milford (Prentice Hall of India)
2. Electricity and Magnetism by A.S. Mahajan and A.A. Rangwala (Tata McGraw Hill).
3. Basic Electronics and Linear circuits by N.N. Bhargava, D.C. Kulshreshtha and S.C.
Gupta (TITI, CHD).
4. Soild State Electronics by J.P. Agarwal, Amit Agarwal (Pragati Prakashan, Meerut).
5. Electronic Fundamentals and Applications by J.D. Ryder (Prentice Hall India).
 B.Sc. PHYSICS
Paper III Phy- 203
PRACTICALS
Max. Marks : 40
Time : 3 Hrs.
SPECIAL NOTES
1. Do any eight experiments .
2. The students are required to calculate the error involved in a particular
experiment (percentage error).
NOTE
1. Distribution of Marks :
Experiment : = 20 marks
Viva Voce : = 10 marks
Lab Record : = 10 marks
Total = 40 marks
For giving marks under Lab. Record each college will maintain practical assessment
record by using the following procedure :-
1. Each student has to peform a minimum number of experiments prescribed in the
syllabus.
2. After the completion of a practical the teacher concerned will check the note-
book and conduct the viva-voce of each student to find out how much concepts
related to the theoertical and experimental part of the experiment he/she has
understood. According to his/her performance marks will be recorded in their
practical note book. These marks will constitue the lab record.
3. To complete the final marks for lab. record a separate register for each class of
B.Sc will be maintained. The Student will be assigned a separate page on the
register. On this page the marks obtained by the student in different practicals
will be recorded. While taking the final average the total marks obtained willbe
divided by the total no. of required practicals, instead of the number of practicals
performed by the student. This record will be signed by the concerned teacher.
4. The lab. record register will be presented to the external practical examiners for
lab. record marks. The external examiners will verify the record randomly.
 B.Sc. PHYSICS
Paper III- PHY 203
PRACTICALS
Max. Marks : 40
Time : 3 Hours

1. E.C.E. of hydrogen using an Ammeter.

2. Calibration of thermocouple by potentiometer.
3. Low resistance by Carey Foster’s Bridge with calibration.
4. Determination of impendance of an A.C. circuit and its verification.
5. Frequency of A.C. mains and capacity by elctrical vibrator.
6. Frequency of A.C. mains by sonometer using an electromagnet.
7. Measurement of angle dip by earth inductor.
8. High resistance by substitution method.
9. Inductance (L) by Anderson Bridge (A.C. method)
10. To draw forward and reverse bias characteristics of a semiconductor diode.
11. Zener Doide volage regulation characteristics.
12. Verification of Inverse square law by photo-cell.
13. To study the characteristics of a solar cell.
 B.Sc. PHYSICS
SCHEME OF EXAMINATION
Semester III

Paper I- PHY 301 : Computer Programming, Thermodynamics

Max. Marks : 45
Internal Assessment : 10
Time : 3 Hrs.
NOTE :
1. The syllabus is divided into 3 units. Eight questions will be set up. At least two
questions will be set from each unit and the student will have to attempt at least one
question from each unit. A student has to attempt five question in all.
2. 20% numerical problems are to be set.
3. Use of Scientific (non-programmable) calculator is allowed.
Unit-I
Computer Programming : Computer organisation, Binary representation,
Algorithm development, flow charts and their interpretation.
Fortran Preliminaries; Integer and floating point arithmetic expression, built in
functions executable and non-executable statements, input and output
statements, Formats, I.F. DO and GO TO statements, Dimesion arrays statement
function and function subprogram.
Unit-II
Thermodynamics-I : Second law of thermodynamics, Carnot theorem, Absolute
scale of temperature, Absolute Zero, Entropy, show that dQ/T=O, T-S diagram
Nernst heat law, Joule’s free expansion, Joule Thomson (Porous plug)
experiment. Joule - Thomson effect. Liquefication of gases. Air pollution due to
internal combustion Engine.

Unit-III
Thermodynamics-II : Derivation of Clausius - Claperyron latent heat equation.
Phase diagram and triple point of a substance. Development of Maxwell
thermodynamical relations. Application of Maxwell relations in the derivation of
relations between entropy, specific heats and thermodynamic variables.
Thermodynamic functions : Internal energy (U), Helmholtz function (F), Enthalpy
(H), Gibbs function (G) and the relations between them.
References :
1. Rajaraman, Fortran Programming.
2. Schaum Series, Fortran 77.
3. Ram Kumar, Programming with Fortran - 77.
4. S. Lokanathan and R.S., Gambir, Statistical and Thermal Physics (An
Introduction), Prentice Hall of India, Pvt., Ltd. (1991, New Delhi).
5. J.K. Sharma and K.K. Sarkar, Thermodynamics and statistical Physics,
Himalaya Publishing House (1991, Bombay.)
6. M.W. Zemansky and R. Dittman, Heat and Thermodynamics, McGraw Hill,
New York (1981).
 B.Sc. PHYSICS
Paper-II PHY 302
Optics – I
Max. Marks : 45
Internal Assessment : 10
Time : 3 Hrs.
NOTE :
1. The syllabus is divided into 3 units. Eight questions will be set up. At least two
questions will be set from each unit and the student will have to attempt at least one
question from each unit. A student has to attempt five question in all.
2. 20% numerical problems are to be set.
3. Use of Scientific (non-programmable) calculator is allowed.

Unit-I
Fourier Analysis and Fourier Transforms : Speed of transverse waves on a
uniform string. Speed of longitudinal waves in a fluid, superposition of waves
(physical idea), Fourier Analysis of complex waves and its application for the
solution of triangular and rectangular waves, half and full wave rectifier out puts.
Fourier transforms and its properties. Application of fourier transform to following
function.
(I) f(x) = e-x2/2
(II) f(x) = I [x] <a
0 [x] >a

Unit-II
Geometrical Optics : Matrix methods in paraxial optics, effects of translation and
refraction, derivation of thin lens and thick lens formulae, unit plane, nodal
planes, system of thin lenses, Chromatic, spherical coma, astigmatism and
distortion aberrations and their remedies.
Physical Optics
Unit-III

Interference : Interference by Division of Wavefront : Fresnel’s Biprism and its

applications to determination of wave length of sodium light and thickness of a
mica sheet, Lioyd’s mirror, phase change on reflection.

References
1. Mathematical Physics by B.S. Rajput and Yog Prakash Pragati
Prakashan.
2. Theory and Problems of Laplace Transforms by Murrari R. spiegel,
McGraw Hill Book Company.
3. Optics by Ajay Ghatak, Tata McGraw Hill 1977.
4. Introduction of Optics by Frank L. Pedrotti and Leno S. Pedrotti, Prentice
Hall 1987.
 B.Sc. PHYSICS

Paper-III Phy- 303

Practicals
Max. Marks : 40
Time : 3 Hrs.
Special Notes
1. Do any eight experiments.
2. The students are required to Calculate the error involved in a particular
experiment (Percentage error).
Note:-
1. The practical examination will be held in two sessions of 3 hours.
2. Distribution of Marks :
Experiments : = 20 Marks
Viva-Voce : = 10 Marks
Lab. Record : = 10 marks
Total 40 Marks
For Giving marks under Lab. Record each college will maintain practical
assessment record by using the following procedure.
1. After the completion of a practical the teacher concerned will check
the note-book and conduct the viva-voce of each student to find out how much
concepts related to the theoretical and experimental part of the experiment
he/she has understood. According to his/her performance marks will be recorded
on their practical note book. These marks will contribute the lab Record.
2. To complete the final marks for lab. Record a separate register for
each class of B.Sc. will be maintained. The students will be assigned a separate
page on this register. On this page the marks obtained by the student in different
practicals will be recorded. While taking the final average the total marks
obtained will be divided by the total no. of required practicals, instead of the
number of practicals performed by the student. This record will be signed by the
concerned teacher.
3. The Lab. Record register will be presented to the external practical
examiners for lab. Record marks. The external examiner will verify the record
randomly.
 B.Sc. PHYSICS
Paper III- PHY 303
PRACTICALS
Max. Marks : 40
Time : 3 Hours

1. To measure the (a) area of a window (b) height of an inaccesible object.

2. Refractive index and dispersive power of a prism material by
spectrometer.
3. To draw a graph between wave length and minimum deviation for various
lines from a Mercury discharge source.
4. Determination of wave length of Na light and the number of lines per
cerntimeter using a diffraction grating.
5. Wave length by Newton’s Rings.
6. Resolving power of a telescope.
7. Comparision of Illuminating Powers by a Photometer.
8. Measurement of (a) Specific rotation (b) concentration of sugar solution
using polarimeter.
9. Ordinary and extra ordinary refractive indices for calcite or quartz.
10. To find the equivalent focal length of a lens system by nodal slide
assembly.
 B.Sc. PHYSICS
SCHEME OF EXAMINATION
Semester IV

Paper I- PHY 401 : Statistical Mechanics

Max. Marks : 45
Internal Assessment : 10
Time : 3 Hrs.
NOTE :
1. The syllabus is divided into 3 units. Eight questions will be set up. At least two
questions will be set from each unit and the student will have to attempt at least one
question from each unit. A student has to attempt five question in all.
2. 20% numerical problems are to be set.
3. Use of Scientific (non-programmable) calculator is allowed.

Unit-I
Probability, some probability considerations, combinations possessing maximum
probability, combinations possessing minimum probability, distribution of
molecules in two boxs. Case with weightage (general). Phase space,
microstates and macrostates, statistical fluctuations constraints and accessible
States Thermodynamical probability.

Unit-II
Postulates of Statistical Physics. Division of Phase space into cells, Condition of
equilibrium between two system in thermal contact. b-Parameter. Entropy and
Probability, Boltzman’s distribution law. Evaluation of A and b. Bose-Einstein
statistics, Application of B.E. Statistics to Plancks’s radiation law, B.E. gas.

Unit-III
Fermi-Dirac statistics, M.B. Law as limiting case of B.E. Degeneracy and B.E.,
Condensation. F.D. Gas, electron gas in metals. Zero point energy. Specific heat
of metals and its solution.

References
1. B.B. Laud, “Introduction to Statistical Mechanics” (Macmillan 1981).
2. F. Reif, “Statistical Physics’ (McGraw Hill 1988).
3. K. Huang, “Statistical Physics” (Wiley Eastern 1988).
 B.Sc. PHYSICS
Paper-II PHY 402
Optics – II
Max. Marks : 45
Internal Assessment : 10
Time : 3 Hrs.
NOTE :
1. The syllabus is divided into 3 units. Eight questions will be set up. At least two
questions will be set from each unit and the student will have to attempt at least one
question from each unit. A student has to attempt five question in all.
2. 20% numerical problems are to be set.
3. Use of Scientific (non-programmable) calculator is allowed.

Unit-I
Interference by Division of Amplitude :Colour of thin, films, wedge shaped film,
Newton’s rings. Interferometers: Michelson’s interferometer and its application to
(I) Standardisation of a meter (II) determination of wave length. Fresuel’s
Diffraction : Fresnel’s half period zones, zone plate, diffraction at a straight edge,
rectangular slit and circular apperture.

Unit-II
Fraimhoffer diffraction : One slit diffraction, Two slit diffraction N-slit diffraction,
Plane transmission granting spectrum, Dispersive power of a grating , Limit of
resolution, Rayleigh’s criterion, resolving power of telescope and a grating.

Unit-III
Polarization :Polarisation and Double Refraction : Polarisation by reflection,
Polarisation by scattering, Malus law, Phenomenon of double refraction,
Huytgen’s wave theory of double refraction (Normal and oblique incidence),
Analysis of Palorised light : Nicol prism, Quarter wave plate and half wave plate,
production and detection of (i) Plane polarized light (ii) Circularly polarized light
and (iii)Elliptically polarized light, Optical activity, Fresnel’s theory of rotation,
Specific rotation, Polarimeters (half shade and Biquartz).

References
1. Optics by Ajay Ghatak, Tata McGraw Hill 1977.
2. Introduction of Optics by Frank L. Pedrotti and Leno S. Pedrotti, Prentice
Hall 1987.
 B.Sc. PHYSICS
Paper-III Phy- 403
Practicals
Max. Marks : 40
Time : 3 Hrs.
Special Notes
1. Do any eight experiments.
2. The students are required to Calculate the error involved in a particular
experiment (Percentage error).
Note:-
1. The practical examination will be held in two sessions of 3 hours.
2. Distribution of Marks :
Experiments : = 20 Marks
Viva-Voce : = 10 Marks
Lab. Record : = 10 marks
Total 40 Marks
For Giving marks under Lab. Record each college will maintain practical
assessment record by using the following procedure.
1. After the completion of a practical the teacher concerned will check
the note-book and conduct the viva-voce of each student to find out how much
concepts related to the theoretical and experimental part of the experiment
he/she has understood. According to his/her performance marks will be recorded
on their practical note book. These marks will contribute the lab Record.
2. To complete the final marks for lab. Record a separate register for
each class of B.Sc. will be maintained. The students will be assigned a separate
page on this register. On this page the marks obtained by the student in different
practicals will be recorded. While taking the final average the total marks
obtained will be divided by the total no. of required practicals, instead of the
number of practicals performed by the student. This record will be signed by the
concerned teacher.
3. The Lab. Record register will be presented to the external practical
examiners for lab. Record marks. The external examiner will verify the record
randomly.
 B.Sc. PHYSICS
Paper III- PHY 403
PRACTICALS
Max. Marks : 40
Time : 3 Hours

Note:- This course will contain two parts (i) Electronics and (ii) Computer
experiments. Students have to perform a minimum of four experiments from each
part.
(i) Electronics
1. To draw common base and common emitter characteristics of a transistor
and calculate transistor and calculate transistor characteristics
parameters.
2. To study the ripple factor in a.d.c. power supply.
3. To draw frequency response curve of transistorised R.C. coupled
amplifier.
4. To find out the frequency of a tuning fork by Melde’s experiment.
5. Study of series and parallel resonance circuits.
6. Electronic Voltmeter measurement of peak, average & R.M.S. valus of
signal.
7. Study of voltage doubler and trippler circuits.

(ii) Computer Experiments

1. To print out all natural (even/odd) number between given limits using
computer.
2. To find maximum, minimum and range of a given set of numbers using
computer.
3. To evaluate sum of finite series. For example, S=.
4. Find the roots of a quadratic equation.
5. To find intergration of a definite integral by trapezoidal rule.
6. To find the area of a triangle, sphere and cylinder.
7. Given value for a,b,c and d and a set of values for the variable x evaluate
the function defined by
F(x)= ax2+bx+c if x<d
F(x)= O if x=d
F(x)= ax2+bx-c if x>d
For each value of x, and print the value of x and (fx). Write a program for
an arbitary number of x values.
 Scheme of Examination
B. Sc. (Hons.) Physics Semester-V & VI for the sessions 2012-13
Semester-V
Paper No. Title Periods Per Total Internal Max.
week Marks Assessment Marks
Phy-501 Mathematical Physics V 3 50 5 45
Phy-502 Electro-magnetic Theory-I 3 50 5 45
Phy-503 Statistical Physics-I 3 50 5 45
Phy-504 Physics of Materials -I 3 50 5 45
Phy-505 Electronics Devices: Physics and 3 50 5 45
Application -I
Phy-506 Any one of the following
(a) Nano Technology 3 50 5 45
(b) Environmental Physics 3 50 5 45
Total Marks 300

Semester-VI
Paper No. Title Periods Per Total Internal Max.
week Marks Assessment Marks
Phy-601 Mathematical Physics VI 3 50 5 45
Phy-602 Electro-magnetic Theory-II 3 50 5 45
Phy-603 Statistical Physics-II 3 50 5 45
Phy-604 Physics of Materials –II 3 50 5 45
Phy-605 Electronics Devices: Physics and 3 50 5 45
Application –II
Phy-606 Any one of the following
(a) Nano Technology 3 50 5 45
(b) Environmental Physics 3 50 5 45
Phy-507 Physics Lab. V 6 75 -- 75
Phy.508 Physics Lab.VI And Project 6 75 -- 75
Phy-607 Physics Lab. VII 6 75 --- 75
Phy.608 Physics Lab.VIII And Project 6 75 --- 75
Total Marks 600

Note:
1. Paper Nos. PHY 507 & PHY 607; PHY 508 & PHY 608 will run concurrently throughout
the year. Practical examination will be held at the end of 6th Semester (for PHY-507 & PHY-
607) and (for PHY-508 & PHY-608). The workload for practical is 6 periods/ week/
practical paper.
2. One Practical from each paper is to be performed in the practical examination
 B.Sc. PHYSICS
SCHEME OF EXAMINATION
Semester -V

Paper I- PHY 501 : SOLID STATE PHYSICS

Max. Marks : 45
Internal Assessment : 10
Time : 3 Hrs.
NOTE :
1. The syllabus is divided into 3 units. Eight questions will be set up. At least two
questions will be set from each unit and the student will have to attempt at least one
question from each unit. A student has to attempt five question in all.
2. 20% numerical problems are to be set.
3. Use of Scientific (non-programmable) calculator is allowed.
Unit-I
Crystalline and gallssy forms, liquid crystals. Crystal structure, periodicity, lattice and basis,
crystal translational vectors and axes. Unit cell and primitive cell, Winger Seitz primitive Cell,
symmetry operations for a two dimensional crystal, Bravais tattices in two and three dimensions.
Unit-II
crystal planes and Miller indices, Interplanner spacing, Crystal structures of Zinc sulphide,
Sodium Chloride and diamond, X-ray diffraction, Bragg's Law and experimental x-ray diffraction
methods, K-space.
Unit-III
Reciprocal lattice and its physical significance, reciprocal lattice vectors, reciprocal lattice to a
simple cubic lattice, b.c.c and f.c.c.
Specific heat : Specific heat of solids, Einstein's theory of specific heat, Debye model of specific
heat of solids.

References
1. Introduction to solid state Physics (5th Ed.) by kittel, Wiley eastern Limited
 B.Sc. PHYSICS
Paper I- PHY 502 : QUANTUM MECHANICS
Max. Marks : 45
Internal Assessment : 10
Time : 3 Hrs.
NOTE :
1. The syllabus is divided into 3 units. Eight questions will be set up. At least two
questions will be set from each unit and the student will have to attempt at least one
question from each unit. A student has to attempt five question in all.
2. 20% numerical problems are to be set.
3. Use of Scientific (non-programmable) calculator is allowed.

Unit-I
Failure of (Classical) E.M. Theory. quantum theory of radiatio (old quantum theory), Photon,
photoelectric effect and Einsteins photoelectric equation compton effect (theory and result).
Inadequancy of old quantum theory, de-Broglie hypothesis. Davisson and Germer experiment.
G.P. Thomson experiment. Phase velocity group velocity, Heisenberg's uncertainty principle.
Time-energy and angular momentum, position uncertainty Uncertainty principle from de-Broglie
wave, (wave-partice duality). Gamma Ray Maciroscope, Electron diffraction from a slit.
Unit-II
Derivation of time dependent Schrodinger wave equation, eigen values, eigen functions, wave
functions and its significance. Normalization of wave function, concept of observable and
operator. Solution of Schrodinger equation for harmomic oscillator ground states and excited
states.

Unit-III
Application of Schrodinger equation in the solution of the following one-dimensional problems :
Free particle in one dimensional box (solution of schrodinger wave equation, eigen function,
eigen values, quantization of energy and momentum, nodes and antinodes, zero point energy).
i) One-dimensional potential barrie E>V0 (Reflection and Transmission coefficient.
ii) One-dimensional potential barrier, E>V 0 (Reflection Coefficient, penetration of leakage
coefficient, penetration depth).

References :

1. Quantum Mechanics by L.I. Schiff, McGraw Hill Book Company, Inc.

2. Quantum Mechanics by B. Crasemand and J.D. Powel (Addison Wesley.
3. Quantum Mechanics by A.P. Messiah.
 B.Sc. PHYSICS
Paper -III Phy- 503
(Practicals)
Max. Marks : 40
Time : 3 Hrs.
Special Notes
1. Do 6 experiments from section (i )& 4 experiments form Section (ii).
2. The students are required to calculate the error involved in a particular experiment
(percentage error).
3. Use of simple non-programmable scientific calculate is allowed.
Note :
1. The practical examinations will be
Experiments =20 marks
Viva-Voce =10 marks
Lab Record = 10 marks
----------------------------------------------
Total = 40 marks
----------------------------------------------
For giving marks under Lab. Record each college maintain practical assessment record by
using the following procedure.
I. Each student has to perform a minimum number of experiments prescribed in the
syllabus.
II. After the completion of a practical the teacher concerned will check the note-book and
conduct the Viva-voce of each student to find out how much concept related to the
theoretical and experimental part of the experimental part of the experiment he/she has
under stood. According to his/her performance marks will be recorded on their practical
note-book. These marks will constitute the lab. Record.
III. To complete the final marks for lab. Record a separate register for each class of B.Sc.
will be maintained. The student will be assigned a separate page on this register. On this
page the marks obtained by the student in different practicals will be recorded While
taking the final average the total marks obtained will be divided by the total no of
required practicals instead of the number of practicals performed by the student. This
record will be signed by the concerned teacher.
IV. The lab. Record register will be presented to the external practical examiner for lab.
Record marks. The external examiner will verify the record randomly.
 B.Sc. PHYSICS

Paper III- PHY 503

PRACTICALS
Max. Marks : 40
Time : 3 Hours

This course will consist of two parts :

i) Solid State Electronics
ii) Computer Experiments
Student have to perform a minimum of four experiments from each part.
i) Solid State Electronics
1. e/m by Thomson method.
2. Transistor as voltage Amplifier in C-B Configuration.
3. Transistor as voltage Amplifier in C-B Configuration.
4. Study of B-H Curve by C.R.O.
5. Study of Hartley Oscillator (Calibration of Gang Condenser).
6. To study Hall effect.
7. Measurement of Energy Gap of Four Probe Method.
8. a) To Draw the Plateau of G.M. Counter.
b) To Determine the Mass Attention Coefficient by G.M.Counter.

ii) Computer Experiment :

1. Program of compute product of two matrics A and B of different dimensions. This
is an exercise to illustrate the use of subscripted variable and implied Do loops.
2. Evaluate the difine integral 1=h f f(x)dx. through Simpson's one. third rule.
3. USe of the least-quare curve fitting to fit a straight line to a given set of data.
4. Consider and array X with subscripted variables x; i = 1.
2 .............N.
It is desired to find the average and the standard deviation using the formulas.
5. Compute the sum of an infinite series upto three significant figures. For example,
compute.
for different x using Do loops. Calculate factorials through function subprogram.
6. Let there be N(Say=100) students in a class. Arrange their marks in descending or
ascending orders.
7. Write a Fortran Program which evaluates v and y as function of verying between
and increments of using the relation.
 B.Sc. PHYSICS

SCHEME OF EXAMINATION
Semester -VI

Paper I- PHY 601 : ATOMIC MOLECULAR AND LASER PHYSICS

Max. Marks : 45
Internal Assessment : 10
Time : 3 Hrs.
NOTE :
1. The syllabus is divided into 3 units. Eight questions will be set up. At least two
questions will be set from each unit and the student will have to attempt at least one
question from each unit. A student has to attempt five question in all.
2. 20% numerical problems are to be set.
3. Use of Scientific (non-programmable) calculator is allowed

Unit -I
Vector atom model, quantum numbers associated with vector atom model, penetrating and non-
penetrating orbits (qualitiative description ), spectral lines in different series of ailkali spectra,
spin orbit interaction and doublet term seperation LS or Russel-Saunder Coupling jj coupling
(expressions for inteaction energies for LS and jj coupling required).
Unit-II
Zeeman effect (normal and Anormalous) Zeeman pattern of D 1 and D2 lines of Na-atom,
Paschen, Back effect of a single valence electron system. Weak field Strak effect of Hydrogen
atom.
Diseete set of electronic energies of molecules. quantisation of Vibrational and ratiational
energies Raman effect (Quantitative description) Stoke's and anti Stoke's lines.
Unit-III
Main features of a laser : Directionality, high intensity, high degree of coherence, spatial and
temporal coherence, Einstein's coefficients and possibility of amplification, momentum transfer,
life time of a level, kinetics of optical obsorption. Threshold condition for laser emission, Laser
pumping, He-Ne laser and RUBY laser (Principle, Construction and Working). Applications of
laser in the field of medicine and industry.

References
1. Introduction to Atomic and Molecular Spectroscopy by V.K.Jain, Narosa (2007)
2. Introduction to Atomic Spectra by H.B. White.
3. Atomic spectra by G. Herzberg.
4. Molecular Spectra and Molecular Structure by G. Herzberg.
5. Fundamentals of molecular spectroscopy by Colin N. Banwell and Elaine M.Mc-Cash.
6. Lassers, Theory and Application (2nd Ed.) by Thagrajan and Ajay Ghatak.
7. Laser and Nonlinear Optics by B.B. Laud (2nd Ed.)
8. Introduction to Optics by Frank L. Pedrotti and Lens S. Pedrotti, Prentice Hall, 1987.
 B.Sc. PHYSICS

Paper II- PHY 602 : NUCLEAR PHYSICS

Max. Marks : 45
Internal Assessment : 10
Time : 3 Hrs.
NOTE :
1. The syllabus is divided into 3 units. Eight questions will be set up. At least two
questions will be set from each unit and the student will have to attempt at least one
question from each unit. A student has to attempt five question in all.
2. 20% numerical problems are to be set.
3. Use of Scientific (non-programmable) calculator is allowed.

Unit-I
Nuclear mass and binding energy, systematics nuclear binding energy, nuclear stability, Nuclear
size, spin, parity, statistics magnetic dipole moment, quadrupole moment (shape concept),
Determination of mass by Bain-Bridge, Bain-Bride and Jordan mass spectrograph, Determination
of charge by Mosley law Determination of size of nuclei by Rutherford Back Scattering.
Unit-II
Interaction of heavy charged particles (Alpha particles), alpha disintegration and its theory
Energy loss of heavy charged particle (idea of Bethe formula, no derivation), Energetics of alpha
-decay, Range and straggling of alpha particles. Geiger-Nuttal law.
Introduction of light charged particle (Beta-particle), Origin of continuous beta-spectrum
(neutrino hypothesis) types of beta decay and energetics of beta decay, Energy loss of beta-
particles (ionization), Range of electrons, absorption of beta-particles.
Interaction of Gamma Ray, Nature of gamma rays, Energetics of gamma rays, passage of Gamma
radiations through matter (photoelectric, compton and pair production effect) electron position
anhilation. Asborption of Gamma rays (Mass attenuation coefficient) and its application.
Unit-III
Nuclear reactions, Elastic scattering, Inelastic scatting, Nuclear disintegration, photoneclear
reaction, Radiative capture, Direct reaction, heavy ion reactions and spallation Reactions,
conservation laws. Q-value and reaction threshold.
Nuclear Reactors General aspects of Reactor design. Nuclear fission and fusion reactors
(Principles, construction, working and use)
Linear accelerator, Tendem accelerator, Cyclotron and Betatron accelerators.
Ionization chamber, proportional counter, G.M. counter detailed study, scintillation counter and
semiconductor detector.
references :

1. Atomic and nuclear Physics, Vol. II by S.N. Ghashal.

2. Nuclear Physics by D.C. Tayal, Umesh Prakashan, 125, Goblind Dev Khurja (UP).
3. Concept of Modern physics by arther Besier, Tata McGraw Hill Publications.
4. Nuclear Physics by W.E. Burcham.
5. Nuclear Radiation Detectors by S.S. Kapoor
6. Experimental Nuclear Physics by M. Singru.
 B.Sc. PHYSICS
Paper -III Phy- 603
(Practicals)
Max. Marks : 40
Time : 3 Hrs.
Special Notes
1. Do 8 experiments.
2. The students are required to calculate the error involved in a particular experiment
(percentage error).
3. Use of simple non-programmable scientific calculate is allowed.
Note :
1. The practical examinations will be
Experiments =20 marks
Viva-Voce =10 marks
Lab Record = 10 marks
----------------------------------------------
Total = 40 marks
----------------------------------------------
For giving marks under Lab. Record each college maintain practical assessment record by
using the following procedure.
I. Each student has to perform a minimum number of experiments prescribed in the
syllabus.
II. After the completion of a practical the teacher concerned will check the note-book and
conduct the Viva-voce of each student to find out how much concept related to the
theoretical and experimental part of the experimental part of the experiment he/she has
under stood. According to his/her performance marks will be recorded on their practical
note-book. These marks will constitute the lab. Record.
III. To complete the final marks for lab. Record a separate register for each class of B.Sc.
will be maintained. The student will be assigned a seperate page on this register. On this
page the marks obtained by the student in different practicals will be recorded While
taking the final average the total marks obtained will be divided by the total no of
required practicals instead of the number of practicals performed by the student. This
record will be signed by the concerned teacher.
IV. The lab. Record register will be presented to the external practical examiner for lab.
Record marks. The external examiner will verify the record randomly.
 B.Sc. PHYSICS
Paper III- PHY 603

PRACTICALS
Max. Marks : 40
Time : 3 Hours
Wave length of Sodium light by fresnel's biprism.
Velocity of ultrasonic waves by grating formation in CC14.
Diameter of Lycopodium powder particies by Carona rings.
To study double sit interference by He-Ne laser.
Diameter of a thin wire by diffraction method (using He-Ne Laser).
Young's modulus by Newtons rings method.
Resolving power of a prism.
Thickness of a thin plate using air wedge.
Resolving Power of plane transmission grating.
Rydberg constant by Hydrogen gas spectrum.
 Scheme of Examination
B. Sc. (Hons.) Physics Semester-V & VI for the session 2013-14

Semester-V
Paper No. Title Periods Per Max. Internal Total
week Marks Assessment Marks
Phy-501 Mathematical Physics V 3 40 10 50
Phy-502 Electro-magnetic Theory-I 3 40 10 50
Phy-503 Statistical Physics-I 3 40 10 50
Phy-504 Physics of Materials -I 3 40 10 50
Phy-505 Electronics Devices: Physics 3 40 10 50
and Application -I
Phy-506 Any one of the following
(a) Nano Technology 3 40 10 50
(b) Environmental Physics 3 40 10 50
Phy-507 Physics Lab. V 6 75 -- 75
Phy.508 Physics Lab.VI And Project 6 75 -- 75
Total Marks 450

Semester-VI
Paper No. Title Periods Per Max. Internal Total
week Marks Assessment Marks
Phy-601 Mathematical Physics VI 3 40 10 50
Phy-602 Electro-magnetic Theory-II 3 40 10 50
Phy-603 Statistical Physics-II 3 40 10 50
Phy-604 Physics of Materials –II 3 40 10 50
Phy-605 Electronics Devices: Physics and 3 40 10 50
Application –II
Phy-606 Any one of the following
(a) Nano Technology 3 40 10 50
(b) Environmental Physics 3 40 10 50
Phy-607 Physics Lab. VII 6 75 --- 75
Phy.608 Physics Lab.VIII And Project 6 75 --- 75
Total Marks 450

Note:

1. One Practical from each paper is to be performed in the practical examination

 B.Sc.(Hons) Physics
Phy-501 (Semester-V) Mathematical Physics-V

Max. Marks : 40
Internal Assessment: 10
Time : 3 Hrs.
NOTE :
1. The syllabus is divided into 2 units. Eight questions will be set up. Four questions from each
unit. Student will have to attempt at least two questions from each unit. A student has to
attempt five questions in all.
2. 20% numerical problems are to be set.
3. Use of Scientific (non-programmable) calculator is allowed.

Unit I: Linear Vector Spaces and Matrices.

Introduction to groups, rings and fields.
Vector spaces and subspaces. Linear independence-basis and dimensions. Linear
transformations. Algebra of linear transformations. Non-singular transformations.
Isomorphism. Representation of linear transformations by matrices.

Unit II:
Matrix algebra Addition and multiplication null and unit matrices. Singular and non-
singular matrices. Inverse of a matrix Eigenvalues and eigenvectors. Digitalization solution of
coupled linear ordinary differential equations.

Special matrices: Hermitian and skew symmetric and antisymmetric, orthogonal and
unitary matrices Similarity transformations and bilinear and quadratic forms. Trace of a matrix
Cayley-Hamilton theorem. Function of a matrix.
Metric spaces. Inner product and metric concept.

Recommended Books
1 Mathematical Physics by P. K. Chattopadhyay ( T)
2 Mathematical Physics by B.S. Rajput
3 Mathematical Physics by Mathews and Walkers
4 Mathematics for Physicists by Mary L Boas.
5 Matrices and Tensors for Physicists by A. W. Joshi
 B.Sc.(Hons) Physics

Phy-502 (Semester-V) Electromagnetic Theory-I

Max. Marks : 40
Internal Assessment: 10
Time : 3 Hrs.
NOTE :
1. The syllabus is divided into 2 units. Eight questions will be set up. Four questions from each
unit. Student will have to attempt at least two questions from each unit. A student has to
attempt five questions in all.
2. 20% numerical problems are to be set.
3. Use of Scientific (non-programmable) calculator is allowed.

Unit- I

Maxwell equations. Displacement current, Vector and scalar potentials. Gauge

transformations : Lorentz and Coulomb gauge. Boundary conditions at interface between
different media, Wave equations, Plane waves in dielectric media.
Poynting theorem and Poynting vector. Energy density. Physical concept of
electromagnetic (e.m) field momentum density and e.m field angular momentum density.

Unit -II

Reflection and refraction of a plane wave at a plane interface between dielectrics.

Fresnel formulae, Total internal reflection, Brewster’s angle, Waves in conducting media,
Metallic reflection (normal incidence), Skin depth.
Maxwell’s equations in microscopic media (plasma), Characteristic plasma frequency,
Refractive index, Conductivity of an ionized gas, Propagation of e.m. waves in ionosphere.

Book Prescribed

1 Electromagnetics by B. B. Laud
2 Classical Electricity and Magnetism by Panofsky and Phillips
3 Electromagnetic Theory and Electrodynamics by Satya Praksh.
4 Electromagnetic fields and Waves by V. V. Sarwate.
5 Electrodynamics by Gupta S. L. , Singh S. P. and Kumar V
 B.Sc.(Hons) Physics

Phy-503 (Semester-V) Statistical Physics-I

Max. Marks : 40
Internal Assessment: 10
Time : 3 Hrs.
NOTE :
1. The syllabus is divided into 2 units. Eight questions will be set up. Four questions from each
unit. Student will have to attempt at least two questions from each unit. A student has to
attempt five questions in all.
2. 20% numerical problems are to be set.
3. Use of Scientific (non-programmable) calculator is allowed.

Unit- I : Classical Statistics

Entropy and thermodynamic probability, Maxwell Boltzmann distribution law, Partition

function, Thermodynamic functions of finite number of energy levels, Thermodynamic
functions of an ideal gas, Classical entropy expression, Gibbs paradox. Law of equipartition of
energy, applications to specific heat and its limitations.

Unit -II : Classical Theory of Radiation

Properties of thermal radiation, Kirchhoff’s law, Stefan-Boltzmann law and Wien’s

displacement law
Quantum Theory of Radiation
Planck’s law of black-body radiation, Deduction of Wien’s radiation formula, Rayleigh-
Jeans law. Stefan-Boltzmann law and Wien’s displacement law from Planck’s law.
Laser: working principle, thermal equilibrium of radiation, principle of detailed balance,
Einstein’s A and B coefficients, population inversion, Two-level and three-level systems.

Book Prescribed
1 Statistical Mechanics by K. Huang
2 Statistical Mechanics by R. K. Pathria
3 Statistical Mechanics by B. K. Aggarwal and M. Eisner
4 Statistical Physics by Landoan and Lif Shitz
5 Statistical Mechanics by R. Kubo
6 Elementary Statistical Mechanics by Gupta and Kumar
 B.Sc.(Hons) Physics

Phy-504 (Semester-V) Physics of Materials-I

Max. Marks : 40
Internal Assessment: 10
Time : 3 Hrs.
NOTE :
1. The syllabus is divided into 2 units. Eight questions will be set up. Four questions from each
unit. Student will have to attempt at least two questions from each unit. A student has to
attempt five questions in all.
2. 20% numerical problems are to be set.
3. Use of Scientific (non-programmable) calculator is allowed.

Unit I : Crystal Structure

Amorphous and crystalline materials.

Lattice translation vectors, Lattice with a basis-central and non-central elements. Unit
cell, reciprocal lattice, Types of lattices, Crystal diffraction : Bragg’s law, diffraction of X-rays,
atoms and geometrical structure factor.
X-ray diffraction methods – measurement of lattice parameter for cubic lattices.

Unit II: Elementary Lattice Dynamics

Lattice vibrations Linear monoatomic and diatomic chains, Acoustical and optical
phonons, Qualitative description of the phonon spectrum in solid, Brillouin zones, Einstein and
Debye theories of specific heat of solids T3 law.
Magnetic Properties of Matter
Response of substances of magnetic field Dia, Para and Ferri and Ferromagnetic
materials. Classical Langevin theory of dia and paramagnetic domains, Quantum mechanical
treatment of paramagnetism, Curle’s law, Weiss’s theory of ferromagnetism and ferromagnetic
domains and discussionof B.H hysteresis, Qualitative discussion of ferrimagnets and ferrites.

Book Prescribed
1 Introduction to Solid State Physics by C. Kittel
2 Solid State Physics : Structure and Properties of Material by M. A. Wahab
3 Solid State Theory by W. A. Harrison
4 Solid State Physics by H. E. Hall.
 B.Sc.(Hons) Physics
Phy-505 (Semester-V) Electronics Devices : Physics and Applications-I

Max. Marks : 40
Internal Assessment: 10
Time : 3 Hrs.
NOTE :
1. The syllabus is divided into 2 units. Eight questions will be set up. Four questions from each
unit. Student will have to attempt at least two questions from each unit. A student has to
attempt five questions in all.
2. 20% numerical problems are to be set.
3. Use of Scientific (non-programmable) calculator is allowed.

Unit I

Mesh analysis for d.c. and a.c. circuits: Nodal analysis duality in networks. Equivalent of
a four terminal network. Thevenin and Norton theorem. Maximum power tranfer, superposition
and reciprocity theorems. Z, Y, H parameters.
Basic semiconductor physics – p and n type semiconductors, energy level diagram,
conductivity and mobility, pn junction fabrication (simple idea). Barrier formation in pn
junction diode, current flow mechanism in forward and reverse biased diode (recombination,
drift and saturation of drift velocity).

Unit II

Single pn junction devices (physical explanation, current voltage characteristics and one
or two applications, Two terminal devices-rectifier diode, Zener diode, photo diode, LED, solar
cell and varactor diode. Three-terminal devices-junction field effect transistor (FET),
unijunction transistor (UJT) and their equivalent circuits.
Two junction devices p-n-p and n-p-n transistors, physical mechanism of current flow,
active, cutoff and saturation regions. Transistor in active region and equivalent circuit.

Book Prescribed

1 Introduction to Semiconductor Devices by M. S. Tyagi

2 Semiconductor Electronics by A. K. Sharma, New Age International Publisher
(1996)
3 Optical Electronics by Ajay Ghatak and K. Thygarajan, Cambridge Univ. Press
4 Semiconductor Device- Physics and Technology by S. M. Sze, Wiley (1985)
5 Measurement, Instrumentation and Experimental Design, in Physics and Engineering
by M. Sayer and A. Mansingh, Prentice Hall, India (2000)
 B.Sc.(Hons) Physics
Phy-506 (a) (Semester-V) Nano Technology

Max. Marks : 40
Internal Assessment: 10
Time : 3 Hrs.
Note:
1. The syllabus is divided into 2 units. Eight questions will be set up. Four questions from each
unit. Student will have to attempt at least two questions from each unit. A student has to
attempt five questions in all.
2. 20% numerical problems are to be set.
3. Use of Scientific (non-programmable) calculator is allowed.

Unit- I
Free electron theory (qualitative idea) and its features, Idea of band structure, Metals, insulators
and semiconductors, Density of states in bands, Variation of density of states with energy,
Variation of density of states and band gap with size of crystal.

Unit -II
Electron confinement in infinitely deep square well, confinement in two and one dimensional
well, Idea of quantum well structure, Quantum dots, Quantum wires.

Text and Reference Books:

1. Nanotechnology Molecularly designed materials by Gan -Moog Chow, Kenneth E.

Gonsalves, American Chemical Society
2. Quantum dot heterostructures by D. Bimerg, M. Grundmann and N.N. Ledenstov,
John Wiley & Sons, 1988.
3. Nano technology : :molecular speculations on global abundance by B.C. Crandall, MIT
Press 1996.
4. Physics of low dimensional semiconductors by John H. Davies, Cambridge Univ. Press
1997.
5. Physics of Semiconductors nano structures by K.P. Jain, Narosa 1997.
6. Nano fabrication and bio system : Integrating materials science engineering science and
biology by Harvey C. Hoch, Harold G. Craighead and Lynn Jelinskii, Cambridge
Univ. Press 1996.
7. Nano particles and Nano structured films ; Preparation characterization and applications
Ed. J.H. Fendler, John Wiley & Sons 1998.
 B.Sc.(Hons) Physics
Phy-506 (b) (Semester-V) Environmental Physics

Max. Marks : 40
Internal Assessment: 10
Time : 3 Hrs.
NOTE :
1. The syllabus is divided into 2 units. Eight questions will be set up. Four questions from each
unit. Student will have to attempt at least two questions from each unit. A student has to
attempt five questions in all.
2. 20% numerical problems are to be set.
3. Use of Scientific (non-programmable) calculator is allowed.

Unit -I Essentials of Environmental Physics

Structure and thermodynamics of the atmosphere, Composition of air, Greenhouse effect
Transport of matter, energy and momentum in nature, Stratification and stability of atmosphere.
Laws of motion, hydrostatic equilibrium, General circulation of the tropics, Elements of
weather and climate of India.

Unit -II Solar and Terrestrial Radiation

Physics of radiation, Interaction of light with matter, Rayleigh and Mie scattering, Laws of
radiation (Kirchoffs law, Planck's law, Wien's displacement law, etc.), Solar and terrestrial
spectra, UV radiation, Ozone depletion problem, IR absorption energy, balance of the earth
atmosphere system.

Text and Reference Books

1. Egbert Boeker & Rienk Van Groundelle : Environmental Physics (John Wiley).
2. J.T. Hougtion : The Physics of Atmosphere (Cambridge University Press 1977).
3. J. Twidell and J. Weir, Reneable Energy Resources (Elbs, 1988).
4. Sol Wieder. An introduction to Solar Energy for Scientists and Engineers (John Wiley,
1982)
5. R.N. Keshavamurthy and M. Shanker Rao : The Physics of Monsoons (Allied
Publishers, 1992).
6. G.J. Haltiner and R.T. Williams : Numerical Weather Prediction (John Wiley , 1980
 B.Sc.(Hons) Physics

Phy-507 (Semester-V) Physics Laboratory V

Max. Marks : 75
Periods per week : 6 Hrs.
Time : 3 Hrs.

Laboratory report 15
Viva 20
Practical 40

Unit- I: Measurement of Magnetic Field and Related Parameters

1. Measurement of field strength B and its variation in a solenoid (determination or
dB/dx).
2. Determination of B-H curve using ballistic galvanometer.
3. Determination of magnetic susceptibility for liquids and solids.
4.
Unit -II: Polarisation
1. Polarisation of light by simple reflection (determination of variation of percentage
reflection and degree of polarization with angle of incidence).
2. Determination of specific rotation for cane sugar solution.
3. Study of elliptically polarized light.
 B.Sc.(Hons) Physics

Phy-508 (Semester-V) Physics laboratory –VI & Project

Max. Marks : 75
Periods per week : 6 Hrs.
Time : 3 Hrs.

Laboratory report 15
Viva 20
Practical 40

Unit I : Power supply

1. To design a semiconductor power supply of given rating using half wave a full wave
or bridge rectifier and investigate the effect of C-filter.
2. To investigate simple regulation and stabilization circuits using zener diodes and
voltage regulator Ics.

Unit II: Transistor Applications:

1. to study the various transistor biasing configurations.
2. To design of CE amplifier of a given gain (midgain) using voltage divider bias.
3. To design an oscillator of given specifications.
4. To study the characteristics of a FET and design a common source amplifier.

Operational Amplifier based Experiments.

1. To investigate the use of an op-amp as an integrator.
2. To investigate the use of an op-amp as a differentiator
3. To design an analog circuit to simulate the solution of first/second order differential
equation.
4. To design an op-amp oscillator.
 B.Sc.(Hons) Physics
Phy-601 (Semester-VI) Mathematical Physics-VI

Max. Marks : 40
Internal Assessment: 10
Time : 3 Hrs.
NOTE :
1. The syllabus is divided into 2 units. Eight questions will be set up. Four questions from each
unit. Student will have to attempt at least two questions from each unit. A student has to
attempt five questions in all.
2. 20% numerical problems are to be set.
3. Use of Scientific (non-programmable) calculator is allowed.

Unit I: Cartesian Tensors

Transformation of co-ordinates. Tensorial character of physical quantities. Symmetric

and anti-symmetric lasers, Contraction and differentiation, Pseudotensors, Kronecker and
attemating tensors, Step function and Dirac delta function.
Fourier transform . Fourier integral theorem, Sine and cosine transforms.

Unit II : Integral Transforms:

Convolution theorem, Solution of one dimensional diffusion and wave equations, Heat
flow in an infinite and semi-in-finite rod.
Laplace transform, Transform of elementary functions, Derivatives and integrals, Unit
step function, Periodic function, Translation substitution and convolution theorem, Solution of
first and second order ordinary differential equations, Solution of partial differential equations.
Evaluation of integrals using transforms.

Recommended Books
1 Mathematical Physics by P. K. Chattopadhyay ( T)
2 Mathematical Physics by B. S. Rajput
3 Mathematical Physics by Mathews and Walkers
4 Mathematics for Physicists by Mary L Boas.
5 Matrices and Tensors for Physicists by A. W. Joshi
 B.Sc.(Hons) Physics
Phy-602 (Semester-VI) Electromagnetic Theory-II

Max. Marks : 40
Internal Assessment: 10
Time : 3 Hrs.
NOTE :
1. The syllabus is divided into 2 units. Eight questions will be set up. Four questions from each
unit. Student will have to attempt at least two questions from each unit. A student has to
attempt five questions in all.
2. 20% numerical problems are to be set.
3. Use of Scientific (non-programmable) calculator is allowed.

Unit -I

Polarization of e.m. waves. Description of linear, circular and elliptical polarization,

Propagation of e.m waves in anisotropic media,Symmetric nature of dielectric tensor.
Fresnel’s formula, Light propagation in uniaxial crystal. Double refraction, Nicol prism,
Production of circularly and elliptically polarized light, Babinet compensator, Analysis of
polarized light.

Unit -II

Wave guides, Coaxial transmission line, Modes in rectangular wave guide, Energy flow
and attenuation in wave guides, Rectangular resonant caves.
Planar optical wave guides, Planar dielectric wave guide, condition of continuity at
interface, Phase shift on total reflection, eigenvalue equations, phase and group velocity of the
guided waves, field energy and power transmission.

Book Prescribed
1 Electromagnetics by B. B. Laud
2 Classical Electricity and Magnetism by Panofsky and Phillips
3 Electromagnetic Theory and Electrodynamics by Satya Praksh.
4 Electromagnetic fields and Waves by V. V. Sarwate.
5 Electrodynamics by Gupta S. L. , Singh S. P. and Kumar V
 B.Sc.(Hons) Physics
Phy-603 (Semester-V) Statistical Physics-II

Max. Marks : 40
Internal Assessment: 10
Time : 3 Hrs.
NOTE :
1. The syllabus is divided into 2 units. Eight questions will be set up. Four questions from each
unit. Student will have to attempt at least two questions from each unit. A student has to
attempt five questions in all.
2. 20% numerical problems are to be set.
3. Use of Scientific (non-programmable) calculator is allowed.

Unit -I : Bose Einstein Statistics

B.E. distribution law, Thermodynamic functions of an ideal weakly degenerate gas,
Strongly degenerate Bose gas, Bose-Einstein condensation properties of liquid He (qualitative
description). Radiation as photon gas, Bose’s derivation of Planck’s law, Thermodynamic
functions of photon gas.
Specific heat of hydrogen: quantization of rotational and vibration motion, ortho and para
hydrogen.

Unit -II : Fermi-Dirac Statistics.

Fermi-Dirac distribution law, Fermi energy. Thermodynamic functions of an ideal
weakly degenerate Fermi gas. Strongly degenerate Fermi gas, Electron gas in a metal, specific
heat of metals, Richardson’s equation of thermionic emission.
Third law of thermodynamics, Absolute definition of entropy, Consequences of third
law, unattainability of absolute zero.

Book Prescribed
1 Statistical Mechanics by K. Huang
2 Statistical Mechanics by R. K. Pathria
3 Statistical Mechanics by B. K. Aggarwal and M. Eisner
4 Statistical Physics by Landoan and Lif Shitz
5 Statistical Mechanics by R. Kubo
6 Elementary Statistical Mechanics by Gupta and Kumar
 B.Sc.(Hons) Physics

Phy-604 (Semester-VI) Physics of Materials-II

Max. Marks : 40
Internal Assessment: 10
Time : 3 Hrs.
NOTE :
1. The syllabus is divided into 2 units. Eight questions will be set up. Four questions from each
unit. Student will have to attempt at least two questions from each unit. A student has to
attempt five questions in all.
2. 20% numerical problems are to be set.
3. Use of Scientific (non-programmable) calculator is allowed.

Unit I: Dielectric Properties of Materials.

Polarization, Local electric field at an atom. Depolarization field, Lorentz fields of
dipoles inside a cavity.
Dielectric constant and polrizability: Electric susceptibility, polarizability, Clausius-
Mosotti equation. Qualitative discussion of ferroelectric properties of materials and P-E
hysteresis loop.

Unit II : Electrical Properties of Materials

Qualitative description of free electron theory and its inadequacies with reference to Hall
effect and specific heat of electrons in a metal.
Elementary band theory-Bloch theorem, Kronig-Penney model, effective mass of
electron, concept of hole. Band gaps, difference between conductors, semiconductors and
insulators, intrinsic and extrinsic, conductivity in semiconductors, mobility of carriers (lattice &
semiconductors (qualitative).

Book Prescribed
1. Introduction to Solid State Physics by C. Kittel
2. Solid State Physics : Structure and Properties of Material by M. A. Wahab
3. Solid State Theory by W. A. Harrison
4. Solid State Physics by H. E. Hall.
 B.Sc.(Hons) Physics
Electronics Devices : Physics and Applications-II
Phy-605 (Semester-VI)

Max. Marks : 40
Internal Assessment: 10
Time : 3 Hrs.
NOTE :
1. The syllabus is divided into 2 units. Eight questions will be set up. Four questions from each
unit. Student will have to attempt at least two questions from each unit. A student has to
attempt five questions in all.
2. 20% numerical problems are to be set.
3. Use of Scientific (non-programmable) calculator is allowed.

Unit- I

Amplifiers – Only bipolar junction transistor, CB, CE and CC configurations. Single

stage CE amplifier (biasing and stabilization circuits, Q-point, equivalent circuit, input
impedance, output impedance, voltage and current gain). Class A, B. C amplifiers (definitions)
RC coupled amplifiers (frequency response, Bode plot, amplitude and phase) Class B push-pull
amplifier.
Feedback in amplifiers – Voltage feedback and current feedback Effect of negative
voltage series feedback on input impedance, output impedance and gain, stability distortion and
noise.

Unit -II

Oscillators – barkhausen criterion, Colpitts, Phase shift and Crystal oscillators.

Multivibrators and sweep circuits, Basic circuits of astable, bistable and monostable
multivibrators, Details of astable multivibrators (Derivation of time period). Sweep circuit using
transistor as a switch and UJT (derivation of time period).

Book Prescribed

1 Introduction to Semiconductor Devices by M. S. Tyagi, Tyal Wiley and Sons.

2 Semiconductor Electronics by A. K. Sharma, New Age International Publisher (1996)
3 Optical Electronics by Ajay Ghatak and K. Thygarajan, Cambridge Univ. Press
4 Semiconductor Device- Physics and Technology by S. M. Sze, Wiley (1985)
5 Measurement, Instrumentation and Experimental Design, in Physics and Engineering by
M. Sayer and A. Mansingh, Prentice Hall, India (2000)
 B.Sc.(Hons) Physics
Phy-606 (a) (Semester-VI) Nano Technology
Max. Marks : 40
Internal Assessment: 10
Time : 3 Hrs.
NOTE :
1. The syllabus is divided into 2 units. Eight questions will be set up. Four questions from each
unit. Student will have to attempt at least two questions from each unit. A student has to
attempt five questions in all.
2. 20% numerical problems are to be set.
3. Use of Scientific (non-programmable) calculator is allowed.

Unit 1
Determination of particle size, Increase in width of XRD peaks of nanoparticles, Shift in
photoluminescence peaks, Variations in Raman spectra of nano-materials.

Unit II
Different methods of preparation of nanomaterials, Bottom up : Cluster beam evaporation, Ion
beam deposition, Chemical bath deposition with capping techniques and Top down : Ball
Milling.

Text and Reference Books :

1. Nanotechnology Molecularly designed materials by Gan -Moog Chow, Kenneth E.

Gonsalves, American Chemical Society
2 Quantum dot heterostructures by D. Bimerg, M. Grundmann and N.N. Ledenstov,
John Wiley & Sons, 1988.
3 Nano technology: molecular speculations on global abundance by B.C. Crandall,
MIT Press 1996.
4 Physics of low dimensional semiconductors by John H. Davies, Cambridge Univ.
Press 1997.
5 Physics of Semiconductors nano structures by K.P. Jain, Narosa 1997.
6 Nano fabrication and bio system: Integrating materials science engineering science
and biology by Harvey C. Hoch, Harold G. Craighead and Lynn Jelinskii, Cambridge
Univ. Press 1996.
7 Nano particles and nano structured films ; Preparation characterization and
applications Ed. J.H. Fendler, John Wiley & Sons 1998.
 B.Sc.(Hons) Physics
Phy-606 (b) (Semester-VI) Environmental Physics

Max. Marks : 40
Internal Assessment: 10
Time : 3 Hrs.
NOTE :
1. The syllabus is divided into 2 units. Eight questions will be set up. Four questions from each
unit. Student will have to attempt at least two questions from each unit. A student has to
attempt five questions in all.
2. 20% numerical problems are to be set.
3. Use of Scientific (non-programmable) calculator is allowed.

Unit -I Environmental Pollution and Degradation

Elementary fluid dynamics. Diffusion, turbulence and turbulent diffusion. Factors governing
air, water and noise pollution, Air and water quality standards, Waste disposal, Heat island
effect, Land and see breeze, Puffs and plumes, Gaseous and particulate matters, Wet and dry
deposition.

Unit -II Environmental Changes and Remote Sensing

Energy source and combustion processes, Renewable sources of energy, Solar energy, wind
energy, bioenergy, hydropower, fuel cells, nuclear energy. Forestry and bioenergy.
Elements of weather and climate, Stability and vertical motion of air, Horizontal motion of air
and water. Pressure gradient forces, Viscous forces, Inertia forces, Reynolds number,
Enhanced Greenhouse Effect, Energy balance, Zero dimensional Greenhouse model, Global
climate models.

Text and Reference Books

1. Egbert Boeker & Rienk Van Groundelle : Environmental Physics (John

Wiley).
2 J.T. Hougtion : The Physics of Atmosphere (Cambridge University Press 1977).
3 J. Twidell and J. Weir, Reneable Energy Resources (Elbs, 1988).
4 Sol Wieder. An introduction to Solar Energy for Scientists and Engineers (John Wiley,
1982)
5 R.N. Keshavamurthy and M. Shanker Rao : The Physics of Monsoons (Allied
Publishers, 1992).
6 G.J. Haltiner and R.T. Williams : Numerical Weather Prediction (John Wiley , 1980)
 B.Sc.(Hons) Physics

Phy-607 (Semester-VI) Physics Laboratory VII

Max. Marks : 75
Time per week : 6 Hrs.
Time : 3 Hrs.

Laboratory report 15
Viva 20
Practical 40

Unit- I: Determination of Fundamental Constants:

1. Determination of Boltzmann constant by studying forward characteristics of a diode.
2. Determination of e/m by method of magnetic focusing or bar magnet.
3. Determination of Stefan’s constant.

Unit -II: Measurements in Solid State Physics.

1. Measurement of resistivity as a function of temperature for a Ge crystal using four
probe method (from room temperature to 200 C) and determination of energy gap.
2. Determination of Hall coefficient of a given sample.
3. Determination of PE hysteresis of a ferroelectric crystal.
4. Measurement of magnetic susceptibility.
5. Ultrasonic grating.
6. Determination of wavelength of H-alpha emission line of hydrogen atom.
7. Determination of absorption lines in the rotational spectrum of iodine vapour.
 B.Sc.(Hons) Physics

Phy-608 (Semester-VI) Physics laboratory –VIII & Project

Max. Marks : 75
Time per week : 6 Hrs.
Time : 3 Hrs.

Laboratory report 15
Viva 20
Practical 40

Unit -I: Modulation.

1. To study amplitude modulation using transistor.
2. To study a crystal rectifier.
3. To study pulse width/pulse position and pulse amplitude modulation using Ics.
Multivibrators and Sweep Circuits.
1. To study the characteristics of a UJT and design a single relaxation oscillator.
2. To design an astable multivibrator of given time period.
3. To design a sweep of given amplitude and true.

Unit -II
Transducers.
1. To determine the coupling coefficient of a piezo-electric crystal.
2. To determine the characteristics of p-n junction of a solar
3. To study the characteristics of a photo-diodes.
Networks.
1. To verify the Thevenin, Norton and maximum power transfer theorems.
2. Measurement of input and output impedance of an unknown network and making
equivalent T and P circuit