Acomet passes close to the Earth, An astronomer observes the position 7 pach week for several weeks, f the comet and the Earth on the same day (a) The diagram shows her observations for weeks 1 to1 O11. Path of Earth Path of comet Position of Earth week 1 le Jo Position of comet week 1 (i) Complete’the path for the comet between week 5 and week 7 (ii) Mark an X on the diagram to show the position of the Sun. (ii) Suggest why the astronomer did not observe the comet during week 6. Comet wos behink the stn (1) a) a)durin (iv) The observation showing the comet nearest to the Earth was made 9 CB weeks KC week9 OD D week10 sit (v) Explain how the diagram shows that the speed of the comet changes a Moves from position 1 to position 5. (2) The di “Arion Yep rerencts the-ting! batween Qbservotion as Q Week « However tedistance tovellod tM thel week los nd Canytends - Since, Speed 2 distunce [ time, hence. the AlTStence 4H sus Vor ging” (vi) Suggest why the speed of the comet changes. an Due to Change of force of a Cause(l by the. Sun: (b) The Earth orbits the Sun once in 365 days, The radius of the Earth's orbit is 150000000km. Calculate the orbital speed of the Earth in kilometres per hour. i (3) Orbital speed’, 2TX 150000 060 365X24 2 110000 kml hy , -_]10 060 . orbital speed kilometres per hour (Total for Question 1 = 10 marks)The garth is an astronomical object. one astronomical object smaller than the Earth is... & MOOV ical objects larger thi , wo astronomical ger than the Earth are Galaxy, and. 20leY Sate. aia The Milky Way is the name given to our. (b) The diagram shows the path followed by a com: i ABC Dand Eare polnts on the cometeorbit, jet as it moves around the Sun. 5 c (i) State the name of the force that causes the comet to orbit the Sun. Gravitation force, (ii) At which of the points shown is the force on the comet greatest? 6 (ii) Draw an affowat point D to show the directio (1) (1) n of the force acting on the comet. qa s the comet have the greatest kinetic energy? (iv) At which of the points shown doe: fn (Total for Question 2=8 marks) 7763 (a) Which list gives the astronomical objects in order of iA, shart, WALK Hie bangesay 0 galaxy ~ Solar System = planet = Sun galaxy ~ Solar System = Sun planet Oo 8 on @ > Planet ~ galaxy ~ Solar System = Sun planet - Solar System = Sun galaxy (b) The Earth and Mars are planets in our Solar System, (i) State two ways In which the orbits of Farth and Mars are alinllar, 1.Bolb, Eardtoud Mats hate Civ euley or bial Shore Pal ¢ 2...Both planels of bit [he sun (ii) State one way in which the orbits of Earth and Mars are different, Afferent or bitol padi €?.,(Q Deimos is a moon that orbits the planet Mar: S. The radius of its orbit is 23 509 km 7 and its time peri Period Is 1.26 da . ys, Calculate the orbital speed of Deimos, Give your answer to 2 significant figures, orbital speed 2 2XNX 235009 _ 126 2 || 2000 & 120000 ken Idec orbital speed =,.!20 950 kmyday (d) Enceladus is a moon that orbits the planet Saturn. Enceladus has a similar orbital period to that of Deimos, but its orbital speed is about 10 times larger. Explain how this is possible. 5 His posible as the orbital red ii of tts Moors are. AifFerenct Grrl {re or bit Yodlius oF Enceladus I oes dan reo bitsbrvadils oF Deimos “As sea vodius e On object irereayes tue, speed gftte objec Inoreases Ws wal (Total for Question 3=9 marks)4 The table shows some data about planets in our Solar System. oo 1 ] | Time of orbit yjass of planet | Diameter Distancefrom 5, earth days in 10% kg inkm = Sunin10°km oy earth years i | Planet 1 | Mercury 4a 88 sd OB ‘Venus | 12100108 2c een “Earth ; 12800 150 365d ao _ 89. | aka Satu | 121000 1407 29.5y b - _| Urnus 51000 2870 84y | 87 | Neptune | 50000 | aar Vea 100 | Use data from the table to answer these questions. (a) Which planet has about the same diameter as the Earth? (1) Venus 2 Be f (b) Jupiter has the largest gravitational field strength. Suggest a reason fof this. y y € 4? (1) Beeese Hehe fre larger massfe) @) State the equation linking densi ty, Mass and volume, bard ersity2 Mass / Volume. i P 2mi/yv (ii) Calculate the density of Neptune in kg/km? im, You may assume th i at Neptune is a sphere and that its volume is gi is given by (3) po loonie’ (ean (25000)°) C a 2 ISX Jo'* Keticts Ko! bom? 1-5 x 10% density = ‘gi (€) Calculate the orbital speed 6F Earth in km/s. 3) 29°9 orbital speed =~ km/s(e) A student says . oot on ‘The smaller the planet, the shorter its period o i nt. Use data from the table to evaluate this stateme mercury «Hence, we cen aie mmihe that peri ON distence fram the sun: % a »% (Total for Question 4=12 marks) »5 This question is about the Solar System (a) The object at the centre Of our Solar System Is O A acomet O B the Earth OG C the Moon D the Sun (b) Earth and Mars are planets in our Solar System, The table shows some data for these planets, re — / | planet radius of orbit in km \ time a uh | | earth 150 000 000 SS | ie t = Mars 250 000 000 ‘ 690 (i) Calculate the orbital speed of Mars in km / day, i o (2) ZAN A 250 905 9So Speed 2 eo or 690 speed=..2299 990 km /dayThe distan een illion km and rth i 100 milli (i) istance between Earth and Mars varies betwee ii 400 million km. t. Explain why this distance is not constan' wer. (2) You may draw a diagram to help your ans Mave Forts Movs Eayth S60 As both mers ond Earth hove different SPeosls , Cause they have. Aifferet Vodii_» Then clung expositions such tact bath an the come side OF tte sun ahel thar on opposite idee ofthe Sun - Vive compare the orbit of Eruth onchmiss ue Can observe. feet orbit OF Mavs (6 more elleptical: then Erth's « ()_ Visible light from Mars ches the Earth, The speed of lights 300 009 km/s. (i) Show that when the planets are 170 000 000 km apart, it takes about 600 s for light to travel this distance. 3) 300000 4 129090 o66 ee t = _l?o 066 060 Gog Se ° O66 ? BF Ros ES(ii) Scientists landa remote-controlled vehicle on Mars The vehicle sends images back to Earth showing its surroundings on Mars, Sometimes these images show rocks ahead that could damage the vehicle. A scientist on Earth sends radio signals that control this vehicle, The speed of the vehicle is limited to 0,04 m/s. Suggest why the speed is kept low, Duet lo Speed Veduces stopping distance and low speed Yedters clamege if in collision «itil tar. 6 The diagram shows four planets, P,Q, Rand S, orbiting a s (a) This combination of planets and a star is.most like is ) (1) OA agalaxy OS Os the Milky Way BW C the Solar Systéfn. > O D the uhiverse \s e (b) Planet Q has‘amoon. On the diagram, draw the orbit of this Moon. . (1) (©) Onthe diagram, draw the orbit of a comet, (2)@ planets nearer to the star take less time to orbit th e star, () Suggest why. hs tte distene. OF Plonek fy tre Star a a “ppecch OP the Planet inves ete Hated (ii) Planet P makes one complete orbit, During this time OA planet R makes more orbits than a B_ planet R makes fewer orbits than Q & C_ planet S makes more orbits than P o D_ planet Q makes fewer orbits than P () As the planets orbit the star, the distances between the planets change. Planet P is 200 million km from the star and planet Ris 50 million km from the star. . () Calculate the m 0) 2004250 2250 250 ss maximum distance = 2 naw Million km Chast i Janet R. (i) Calculate the minimum distance between planet P and plane’ wm 200-50 z [50 15.0. million km minimum distance =7 The planet Mercury orbits the Sun. Mercury C (a) Mercury takes 88 days to orbit the Sufi The average radius of the orbit is 58 million km. Calculate the average oxbifal speed of Mercury. Oe @ Give the unit, 8 OF bitel g Average orbital speed 42-9 Unit ead Knlg 787b) Comets also orbit the Sun. (i) Name the force that causes Somets and planets to orbit the Sun, gravitation w (ii) Add to the diagram opposite to show ihe orbit ofa typical comet a (iii) The speed of'a comet changes during its orbit, On the orbit you have drawn, label with the letter X the position where the comet travels at its fastest speed, w (iv) Explain why the comet travels fastest at point X. @ sr Beeause at point ¥) he cometiis elagedt to Sum - Kence, the gravidetingl force aelthy Wr the conet at pailet X19 the Stravy est8 The Hubble Space Telescope is in orbit around the Earth. It detects visible light from distant objects. (a) Name the force that keeps the telescope in orbit around the Earth. Gravity (b) The Hubble Space Telescope moves in a circular orbit. Its distance above the Earth's surface is 560 km. (i) The radius of the Earth is 6400 km. Calculate the radius of the orbit of the Hubble Space Telescope. 64 00+5€60 Radius = ...€9 60 (ii) The HubbleSpace Telescope completes one orbit in 96 minutes. Calculate its orbital speed in m/s. Ve 2% xX 620000 96X60 2 706 Orbital speed =. 7 606 789 (1) (1) km (3) m/s(Q) The Chandra Telescope also orbit if S the Earth, Its distance from th; » but does no , Earth and ts speeg vs t Move in a circular orbit, 9E as it orbits the E: arth, he E: Use ideas about energy to explain wh " Ye It travels fastest when it js Closest st tot When the Chandya: Whe, SON Telescope Orbits te Barth, aan gots ta jb gravitationel potenti al onerary dl . ~ Mon yy Aecreeses 6 Kinetic Baerga, Whee a & tte Energy Yetedy cone veh, “ (d) The Chandra Telescope detects X-rays from distant objects. a) (i) State the name of the type of wave that includes X-rays and visible light. tlectronagn etic d visible light. (ii) Describe two differences between X-rays an a An Tas hore, ghavter wayelenyt . eanobjects In the Solar System. 9 The diagram shows the orbits of some i) Path X is the orbit of a fa) (i) ) CA comet OB galaxy & C planet CD star (ii) Path Y is the orbit of a A comet ue O B galaxy Oc Oo (b) The objects are Hel . () OA electrostatic force OB frictional force & C gravitational force © D magnetic forceets and comets in our Solar System oy planets bit the Sun, .) Which force causes Planets anq comet fa S to orbit the Sun? (1) grav fatimal for fe : b) The diagram shows the orbits of a planet a ( nd a comet around the Sun, [not to scale] : a) jiagram, label the planet, (i) , ollide. d a comet in our Solar System to cc tanda planet (2) fl (ii) Explain why it is possible for a dar fs the Or bit af Planet Shc sae fine, Cnbe ok thastome place st Pcaltde n thtersect 4s thea cont es hance [hoy are possible