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RLC Series and Parallel Resonance

This document describes an experiment to analyze series and parallel resonant circuits. The key steps are: 1. Connect series and parallel RLC circuits and vary the input frequency. Measure the output current. 2. Plot current vs. frequency graphs for each circuit. Determine the resonant frequency, bandwidth, and Q-factor from the graphs. 3. Simulate the circuits in MATLAB and plot current vs. frequency to verify experimental results. The goal is to observe and compare the resonance characteristics of series and parallel RLC circuits.

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bhavanimurugaramalin
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977 views

RLC Series and Parallel Resonance

This document describes an experiment to analyze series and parallel resonant circuits. The key steps are: 1. Connect series and parallel RLC circuits and vary the input frequency. Measure the output current. 2. Plot current vs. frequency graphs for each circuit. Determine the resonant frequency, bandwidth, and Q-factor from the graphs. 3. Simulate the circuits in MATLAB and plot current vs. frequency to verify experimental results. The goal is to observe and compare the resonance characteristics of series and parallel RLC circuits.

Uploaded by

bhavanimurugaramalin
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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CIRCUIT DIAGRAM FOR SERIES RESONANCE:

OBSERVATION TABLE:

S.No. Frequency in Hz Output Current in mA

MODEL CALCULATION:
EXP NO.:
DATE :

DESIGN AND SIMULATION OF SERIES RESONANCE CIRCUIT

AIM:

To plot the current Vs frequencies graph of series resonant circuits and hence
measure their bandwidth, resonant frequency and Q factor.

SOFTWARE REQUIRED:
MATLAB

APPARATUS REQUIRED:
S.No. Name of the Type Range Quantity
Components/Equipment required
1 Function Generator - - 1
2 Resistor - 100 Ω 1
3 Decade Inductance Box - 50 mH 1
4 Decade Capacitance Box - 1 µF 1
5 Ammeter MI (0-30) mA 1
6 Connecting Wires Single - Few nos
strand

THEORY:
A circuit is said to be in resonance when applied voltage V and current I
are in phase with each other. Thus at resonance condition, the equivalent complex
impedance of the circuit consists of only resistance (R) and hence current is
maximum. Since V and I are in phase, the power factor is unity.

The complex impedance


Z = R + j (XL – XC)
Where XL = L

At resonance, XL= XC and hence Z= R


BANDWIDTH OF A RESONANCE CIRCUIT:
Bandwidth of a circuit is given by the band of frequencies which lies between
two points on either side of resonance frequency, where current falls through 1/1.414
of the maximum value of resonance. Narrow is the bandwidth, higher the selectivity
of the circuit.
As shown in the model graph, the bandwidth AB is given by f 2 – f1. f1 is the
lower cut off frequency and f2 is the upper cut off frequency.
Q - FACTOR:
In the case of a RLC series circuit, Q-factor is defined as the voltage
magnification in the circuit at resonance. At resonance, current is maximum. Io= V/R.
The applied voltage V = IoR
Voltage magnification = VL/V = IoXL
In the case of resonance, high Q factor means not only high voltage, but also higher
sensitivity of tuning circuit. Q factor can be increased by having a coil of large
inductance, not of smaller ohmic resistance.

Q = L / R
FORMULAE USED:
1
Resonant frequency = Hz
fr 2 LC

Bandwidth BW = f2 – f1
fr
Quality Factor =
BW
PROCEDURE:
1. Connect the circuit as per the circuit diagram.
2. Vary the frequency and note down the corresponding meter reading.
3. Draw the current Vs frequency curve and measure the bandwidth,
resonant frequency and Q factor.
MODEL GRAPH FOR SERIES RESONANCE
Current in mA

Imax

A B

0.707Imax

f1 fr f2

Frequency in Hz

MATLAB SIMULATION
SIMULATION PROCEDURE:

1. Open a new MATLAB/ model.


2. Connect the circuit as shown in the figure.
3. Debug and run the circuit.
4. By double clicking the power gui plot the value of current for the
different values of frequencies (for MATLAB Simulink).
VIVA QUESTIONS:
1. Define Bandwidth.
2. Define Quality factor.
3. What is meant by selectivity?
4. Give the significance of Q- factor.
5. What is meant by resonance?
6. What are the characteristics of a series resonant circuit?
7. What will be the power factor of the circuit at resonance?

RESULT:

Thus the current Vs frequency graphs of series and parallel resonant circuits
were plotted and the bandwidth, resonant frequency and Q factor were measured.
They were found to be
(a) Series resonance
Resonant frequency =
Bandwidth =
Q- Factor =
CIRCUIT DIAGRAM FOR PARALLEL RESONANCE:

OBSERVATION TABLE:

S.No. Frequency in Output

MODEL GRAPH FOR PARALLEL RESONANCE:


Current in

Imin

fr
Frequency in Hz
EXP NO. :
DATE :
DESIGN AND SIMULATION OF PARALLEL RESONANT CIRCUITS

AIM:
To plot the magnitude & phase angle of current for various frequencies for the
given RLC parallel circuit.

SOFTWARE REQUIRED:

Matlab 7.1 or PSpice 9.1 Lite


APPARATUS REQUIRED:

S.No. Name of the Type Range Quantity


Components/Equipment required

1 Function Generator - - 1
2 Resistor - 100 Ω 1
3 Decade Inductance Box - 50 mH 1
4 Decade Capacitance Box - 1 µF 1
5 Ammeter MI (0-30) mA 1
6 Connecting Wires Single - Few nos
strand

THEORY:
A circuit is said to be in resonance when applied voltage V and current I are in
phase with each other. Thus at resonance condition, the equivalent complex
impedance of the circuit consists of only resistance (R) and hence current is
maximum. Since V and I are in phase, the power factor is unity.

The complex impedance


Z = R + j (XL – XC)
Where XL = L
XC = 1/C
At resonance, XL= XC and hence Z= R
BANDWIDTH OF A RESONANCE CIRCUIT:
Bandwidth of a circuit is given by the band of frequencies which lies between
two points on either side of resonance frequency, where current falls through 1/1.414
of the maximum value of resonance. Narrow is the bandwidth, higher the selectivity
of the circuit. As shown in the model graph, the bandwidth AB is given by f 2 – f1. f1 is
the lower cut off frequency and f2 is the upper cut off frequency.
Q - FACTOR:
In the case of a RLC series circuit, Q-factor is defined as the voltage
magnification in the circuit at resonance. At resonance, current is maximum. Io= V/R.
The applied voltage V = IoR
Voltage magnification = VL/V = IoXL
In the case of resonance, high Q factor means not only high voltage, but also higher
sensitivity of tuning circuit. Q factor can be increased by having a coil of large
inductance, not of smaller ohmic resistance.

Q = L / R
FORMULAE USED:
1
Resonant frequency fr = Hz
2 LC

Bandwidth BW = f2 – f1
fr
Quality Factor =
BW
PROCEDURE:
1. Connect the circuit as per the circuit diagram.
2. Vary the frequency and note down the corresponding meter reading.
3. Draw the current Vs frequency curve and measure the bandwidth,
resonant frequency and Q factor.

.
MATLAB SIMULATION:
SIMULATION PROCEDURE:

1. Open a new MATLAB/SIMULINK model.


2. Connect the circuit as shown in the figure.
3. Debug and run the circuit.
4. By double clicking the power gui plot the value of current for
the different values of frequencies (for MATLAB Simulink).
VIVA QUESTIONS:
1. Define Bandwidth.
2. Define Quality factor.
3. What is meant by selectivity?
4. Give the significance of Q- factor.
5. What is meant by resonance?
6. What are the characteristics of a parallel resonant circuit?
7. What will be the power factor of the circuit at resonance?

RESULT:

Thus the current Vs frequency graphs of series and parallel resonant


circuits were plotted and the bandwidth, resonant frequency and Q factor
were measured. They were found to be

(a) Parallel resonance


Resonant frequency =

Bandwidth =

Q- Factor =

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