Separation Methods of Different Mixtures

What kind
of
Separation Apparatus
mixture Example
method (a labelled diagram or list)
does it
separate?
It works as the insoluble solid is too big to pass the filter
paper (this is called the residue) but the liquid can pass
through it and drops into the beaker below (this is called
the filtrate).

-Sand and
It separates
water
an insoluble
Filtration -coffee
solid from a
grounds
liquid.
and water

Decantation is a process to separate mixtures by

removing a liquid layer that is free of a precipitate, or the
solids deposited from a solution. -Sand and
water
-coffee
It separates grounds
an insoluble and water
Decantation
solid from a -Chalk
liquid powder and
water
-Flour and
water

It works by leaving your mixture on an

evaporating dish and if left then the solvent will
eventually evaporate. This process can happen quicker if
you heat the mixture.

Evaporation -Salt from

is used to its solution
separate a -Copper
Evaporation
soluble sulfate
solid from a from its
liquid. solution
 Firstly, the solution is heated and the solvent molecules
start to evaporate.
As the solution begins to cool down the pure substance
starts to form crystals, which gets collected at the surface
of the solution. The crystals are then collected and dried.

Used to
separate a
-Salts from
Crystallization soluble
seawater
solid from a
solution.

Magnetic separation is the process of separating

components of mixtures by using a magnet to attract
magnetic substances.
Used to
separate
- iron
Magnetic magneticall
filings from
separation y
sulfur
susceptible
materials

Centrifugation is a mechanical method of separating

molecules having different densities by spinning them in
solution around an axis (in a centrifuge rotor) at high
speed.

component
Used to
s from
separate
blood
Centrifugation disperse
-cream
solids from
from milk
a liquid

Simple used for This works as when heating mixture the solvent Alcohol
 evaporates and boils but the solute doesn’t. Then this
evaporated water gets cooled and due to condensation as
it goes through a cold tube. It gets turned back into a
liquid.

separating a from water

solvent Acetone
distillation
from a from water
solution.

Some liquids mix together like crude oil. These can

be separated by fractional distillation as the liquid with
the lowest boiling point will evaporate first (and then
follows the same steps as simple distillation. The
difference
between the two types of distillation is that fractional
distillation has a long fractionating column to allow
Fractional Different
liquids to be separated that have similar boiling points
distillation kinds of
is used for fuels from
Fractional separating crude oil.
distillation two liquids Different
that are gases form
mixed air.
together.

It works by samples of mixtures are placed on

chromatography paper. The paper is then lowered into a
solvent and the liquid soaks up the paper, and goes up
the paper. The liquid also dissolves the ink in it and
carries the ink up the paper too. The most soluble
It can be substance in Different
used to the mixture will travel the furthest up the paper but the color inks,
Chromatograph separate least won’t go that far up. food dyes,
y mixtures hair dyes
of soluble and plant
substances. pigments.