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THE ROLE OF EDUCATION AND RESEARCH IN THE LEARNING PROCESS OF

UNIVERSITY STUDENTS

Conference Paper · March 2019

DOI: 10.21125/inted.2019.0213

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 THE ROLE AN EDUCATION AND RESEARCH IN PROCESS
LEARNING OF THE STUDENTS OF UNIVERSITY

V. Shanaida1, T. Vitenko1, P. Droździel2, R. Madlenak3

1
Ternopil Ivan Puluj National Technical University (UKRAINE)
2
Lublin University of Technology (POLAND)
3
University of Zilina (SLOVAKIA)

Abstract
Teachers and researchers from many countries each year express their thoughts on the relationship
between the educational process and the student's research activity. Different approaches to
understanding this problem confirm its relevance. There are a lot of publications on this subject. They
concern both the problem as a whole, and specific approaches to its solution in certain areas of
knowledge and practice.
The main purpose of our research is to identify the main factors affecting the academic success of
students and their research activity. The studies were performed using the method of anonymous
questionnaire for students (test 1) and for teachers (test 2). Each test was prepared by specialists in the
field of practical psychology in accordance with standardized techniques.
The authors of this study have summarized the experience of teaching students at three universities
which are localized in different countries (Ukraine, Poland and Slovakia). We took note the educational
results of about a three thousand students who had been studying at universities over the last five years.
The obtained results were verified using algorithms and methods of statistical analysis. The influence of
individual factors and aggregate factors on the final result was analyzed by the magnitude of the Pearson
correlation coefficient (r).
For conducting the statistical analysis, we have formed a general sample from the total number of
students. This general sample include the students with research activity and academic achievement
on level above 75 % of the 100 % (the highest level). The obtained results indicated that only 17-23 %
of the total number of students could be selected for research consort by the quality criteria of learn.
Every year this indicator tends to decrease both in general on a statistical sample, and for each
University from the taken for analysis in particular.
Among the basic aspects about study academic and research activities of students we highlighted: the
study of the influence of the student's personality on the process of education and its research activity;
the role and content of the Curriculum for the student in his educational activities; the value of the teacher
(tutor) as an integral and determining part in providing educational activity and student research activity;
the strategic role of the university administration in increasing the academic and research activity of
students..
Keywords: education, students' self-education, research activities, creative activities, role of teacher

1 INTRODUCTION
The intensive development of the world economy has revealed many aspects and problems for human
society. For the whole of such problems, it is important to distinguish the most fundamental of them. In
our opinion, this is a problem of the relationship between the education process, practical activities of a
university graduate and special skills that allow the graduates to perform research work and realize their
creativity. For decades, scientists from different countries have been discussing the gap between the
educational process and practical activity (employment) [1]. Particular attention in these disputes is
given to the role of research activities in the process of student education [1, 2, 3]. Modern Internet
technologies allow to get acquainted with the experience of many people from the world, as well as
specialists in this field quickly. The analysis of scientific publications released during last 15-20 years
[4] showed the lack of fundamental research in the study of the links between the educational and
research activities. We did not find existence studies demonstrated such a pattern that traditional
classroom studying generally has a positive impact on research activities and vice versa.
We are convinced that interchange of thoughts and experience concerning the relationship between the
educational process, practical activity and research study will be useful for lecturers and university
students, and all persons interested in this field.

2 ANALYSIS OF THE PROBLEM

Human society (subconsciously) distinguish the university as an educational institution where students
are studying and we know the university as a structure in which research laboratories carry out their
activities. In both cases, there is a link (in this case, a student) that defines the role of the university in
society. In the first case, this is the institution in which you can acquire knowledge and practical skills
for work. In the second case, this is a structure that combines the learning process with research [5, 6,
7]. The second case of our perception of the university has two distinct aspects for understanding.
Firstly, research activity as a form of educational process. In this case, students can get practical skills
at the production sites during their training. Under these conditions, students study production processes
on the basis of pre-acquired knowledge [8]. Understanding the same production process for several
students will be different as there is a difference in the levels of basic or theoretical training of these
students.
Secondly, research activity is a manifestation of the creative potential of a person. This form of activity
is a specific indicator of intellectual development and acquired practical skills [6, 9]. Research activity
can be expressed as a result of technical creativity, or as a type of scientific research work. In the first
case, it should be noted the broad involvement of students to work in creative groups. Such groups work
successfully at departments, faculties, and have organized at the university a FabLab-partnerships, or
in independent FabLab-structures [10, 11].
The research activity involves involving participants from university graduates, postgraduates and
undergraduates who have received high-quality theoretical training, have practical skills for successful
laboratory activities, are able to analyze the results obtained, have shown the potential for creative
activity, are able to apply the acquired knowledge and practical skills for the development of scientific
activity. The research activity is provided by a manager, such as a leading field specialist or professor.
Since scientific work requires the attraction of large material resources and financial assistance, such
work involves the creation of a team. The ability to organize such a team and training to work in a team
is also a separate aspect that links the relationship between education and research [10, 11, 12, 13].
An analysis was conducted for this issue. Everyone now understands that the problem is relevant and
involves continuing discussions on how to resolve it. Each of the universities in the world has its own
original approaches to the organization of educational process and research activity. Given the speed
of the process of globalization of society [14] and the recommendations for the unification of the
educational process [15, 16] and its comprehensive support and technical support [17, 18], it is advisable
to give for you our understanding of this problem and share the experience of bridging the gap between
the educational process and the research activity.

3 RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

Every year, offices from universities offer new directions for improving curricula and educational
programs for bachelor or masters courses. Each year, the curricula for students' education are subject
to change: modern and progressive academic disciplines are replaced by those that have lost relevance
and novelty. The main task of such modifications is to update the theoretical knowledge and improve
the level of practical training for students. The society evaluates the level of training of a university
graduate on the level of his competence and ability to quickly and qualitatively solve the problems
identified.
The level of competence of the employee forms a number of factors for many years. Among the number
of these factors, it is expedient to highlight some of them: the student's identity; a list of educational
subjects that form his professional competence; the content of the curriculum, which forms a vector for
the direction of professional thinking at the university graduate; pedagogical staff and methodical
approaches that are used in the educational process; an administrative apparatus that defines
innovative directions for the development of creative thinking among students; labor market, which forms
the needs of specialists in a particular area of training.
We conducted an analysis and compared the results of academic studies of students with their research
activity over the past five years. These studies were conducted using the anonymous questionnaire for
students and teachers. Each one of the tests was prepared by specialists in the field of practical
psychology. For statistical analysis we have formed a general sample from the total number of students.
This general sample include the students with research activity and academic achievement on level
above 75% of the 100 % of the highest level. The obtained results indicate that only 17-23% of the total
number of students from the set to perform the analysis meet the selected quality criteria for academic
activities and research activities. Every year this indicator tends to decrease both in general on a
statistical sample, and for each of the universities of analysis in particular.
Let's analyze these factors and find out the possible impact of each of them, or their aggregate, on the
educational process and the ability of the student to carry out research work (test 1). We have this
analysis as the result of a generalization of the pedagogical and scientific experience of each of the
authors of this article. The findings are the result of an active discussion and are a common feature for
the countries of Eastern Europe and Ukraine. We took note of the educational results of about a three
thousand students who had been studying at universities over the past five years. The obtained results
were verified using algorithms and methods of statistical analysis. The influence of individual factors and
aggregate factors on the final result was analyzed by the magnitude of the Pearson correlation
coefficient (r).
So, the first category is the person of the student. Throughout the history of the existence of universities,
the student's personality had a decisive influence on the learning outcomes. In this study, we will not
analyze the psychological types among students. It is important for us to note the basic level of
admission to the university and its social status. Social status is interesting to us as an indicator of his
professional orientation. It is obvious that at each level of the social ladder we can distinguish both the
minimum professionally oriented individuals and the most oriented, even slightly accented persons.
Admission to a university to a specific direction of preparation determines the future and projected social
status for a graduate of university in a society. At this stage, we should highlight three main points that
characterize the personality of the student: increasing social status; preservation of social status and
decrease of social status.
In the first case, the student's active attitude to study was noted. They give a lot of time for self-education,
take an active part in the work of scientific societies. In this situation, research activities for students can
be characterized as a separate form of educational and cognitive activity. The process of conducting
research is inextricably linked with education. The main incentive for students in this group is to create
their own positive image in order to rank higher among students for recruiters in the labor market. This
group of students is the most numerous. In percentage terms this is 62±5 %% in relation to the general
sample. We can note that students in eastern European universities are most motivated to study and
research. For this group from the total number of students, experimental activity is not a way of
expression and a source of positive emotions, even with a good result. Research activity serves as a
means to achieve the goal. Typically, such university graduates are focused on highlighting their
achievements among others, which does not do the achievement of high goals for the team. Such
graduates are good performers of specific tasks, but they cannot lead the team to achieve common
success. They are always in the process of confirming their leadership. Of course, there are exceptions
for each of the student groups that we will characterize, but the trend is gaining the overwhelming
majority always.
At the next category, students have no problem choosing college or university for tuition. For most of
these students, education is a continuation of family history, or a family tradition. For most students in
this category, a university is an integral part of a particular period of their life. Students of this category
are engaged in research work or scientific research either on their own initiative or as a need to develop
their own direction in expanding their family business. Compared to the first group, these students
actively work within the set tasks. They do not have the motivation to self-identify their person because
they have confidence in their careers for the future. Confidence on the next day slows down the creativity
of thinking. Quite often, such students are parasites on the creativity of students from the first group.
Sometimes they create there not stable conglomerate societies, where each participant uses another to
achieve their own interests. Incredible new ideas and creative development of the results of research
work for students of the second group occurs only in the case of tough personal interest in this problem.
Under these circumstances, the results obtained are a source of inspiration for further learning and
creative research activity. Quite often, project participants from this student community are becoming
leaders in research societies. They have the ability to organize a team to achieve their own goals. Some
of these companies are working well for many years. This is the result of a positive opportunity to
showcase their abilities to each member of such a team. No less important is the situation where a
successful team gives a well-deserved appreciation to each of the participants. Such student groups
can conduct incredible research, since team responsibility eliminates personal fear of a negative
outcome. Team support reduces a bad result at the emotional level and is a source of activation of
creative thinking and rapid adaptation to the research of new tasks.
The third group of conditional division for students is the most difficult to study and understand. This is
due to the fact that the students of this group are very actively associated psychological factors,
economic factors, social burden, the outlook of this person, etc. First of all, it is necessary to describe
the concept of "decrease of social status". Such an indicator is very arbitrary, and it is more likely to
show the student's attitude to the circumstances in his life, which developed during the period of study
at the university. Typically, these circumstances are rather complex and not typical for the level of social
ladder they were in before entering university or several semesters ago. The most relevant indicators
are the composition of the family and the level of material provision of the family. Changes in family
relationships can have a very strong reflection on student behavior and learning activity. Such changes
in family relationships and changes in the financial security of the family are the cause for the emergence
of depression among students. This criterion is diagnosed more often from year to year and it does not
help the development of cognitive activity among young people.
Each of the lecturers can recall students who with great efforts performed the training program (test 2).
The first group of them was difficult to study because of the lack of basic education and the lack of ability
to organize their learning process. The second group of them did not want to get a deep knowledge.
They received moral satisfaction from the minimum educational level. In both of these cases, students
do not exhibit independent activity for conducting research activities. Sometimes they are part of a
research community at the level of emotional unity with other, active participants in the research process.
This situation can be a key factor in changing their attitude towards the educational process.
Comprehensive support and emotional charge teams can wonderfully change their attitude to the
educational process and research activities. The experience of working with students demonstrates
other results. For such students, along with a decrease in the positive emotional accompaniment of such
work within the research group, the desire to work in this team disappears. They take part in the activities
of other student groups rather quickly. New emotions, new acquaintances are the key indicators of
activity for this category of students. Research activity often has negative work results. For individual
students, this is a challenge for further study in order to solve new research tasks. For other students,
this is the reason for the destruction of their hopes. As a rule, the negative result is the worst effect on
students from the third group (of "decrease of social status").
Rapid changes in the socio-economic development of society have a clear impact on students' attitudes
toward learning and research. The rapid development and bankruptcy of firms, businesses and entire
corporations do not add certainty to the university's graduates in the foreseeable future. A characteristic
feature of many European countries is academic and labor migration to countries with a more stable
standard of living and economy. We have already noticed earlier that research work requires some own
or grant investment. The lack of financial support for research projects at the stage of their
implementation does not add to the confidence in the prospects of this kind of activity. Thus, the negative
changes in the financial provision of students are one of the reasons for reducing their research activity.
Under these circumstances, students and their families concentrate their efforts on academic success,
and research activity goes into the category as a desirable activity, but not a compulsory activity. Now
we clearly understand that the experimental activity of students is inextricably linked with economic
factors. The hard conditions of market relations sometimes have too much impact on the educational
process and the formation of intelligence potential among the younger generation. Sometimes we see
the presence of a buffer fund to support student research in some major universities. This situation is
not typical for the education system as a whole. This is the reason for the reduction of creative
development and intellectual potential among a large number of university students.
It is also worth noting another criterion that negatively affects the participation of students from the third
group in the research process. In contrast to the first two groups, the third group of students in most
cases experienced a negative experience of emotional or psychological or financial decline. The natural
fear of failure limits their actions to the subconscious level. Students from the first group make every
effort to grow themselves up a few steps. The second group students work on their own to protect their
status and, if possible, as well as students from the first group, reach new heights. Students from the
third group to start their creative activity should take starting positions among students from the first or
second group. An important condition for success is work in a well-organized team of like-minded people
and enthusiasts. Such students show themselves with renewed vigor when they are supported by team
members, administrative support. Such assistance is very actual in the process of their becoming
associated and the support from society as a whole.
Concluding an overview of the most common characteristics of a student's personality, one should note
the particular delicacy of this topic. Personal parameters of the student as individuals play a leading role
in the formation of the algorithm of his academic studies and research activities. Participation of students
in research activities is a positive motive for intellectual development of a person. All types of research
activities are positive for the process of self-education. The research activity forms the skills to
independently search for information, analyze it and make informed decisions [19]. Options for linking
education to students' research work can be presented in the following two effective forms: the
educational process involves the possibility of research work but does not oblige it to be implemented;
the implementation of research work is inextricably linked with the expansion of the educational process,
the growth of the role of self-education, the formation and improvement of skills to work in the team.
The next aspect is the analysis of a list of educational subjects that form the professional competence
for student. The development of the economy, new technologies, the process of forming a new basis
for public relations is the basis for changing the requirements for professional competence for university
graduates. Every year, lecturers from different universities note the positive role of the formation of
educational subjects in the logical sequence [20]. This approach to the formation of a curriculum at the
university allows you to rationally use time for classroom work and organization of independent work.
We should note the varying degrees of complexity of research work performed by students in various
training courses. Each of these works has a basis of those subjects that was studied or are studying
students. An academic transition from a previous training course to the next allows a student to
understand the logical sequence of subjects and the ability to use each of them to conduct research at
a higher level in comparison with the previous training period. In this way, we form an understanding of
the principle of unlimited improvement of knowledge and practical skills throughout life [21]. This basic
principle becomes clear to the person from the young age. Changes in work after studying at the
university will not cause panic and despair. Thus, correct formation of the curriculum and its logical
implementation plays an important role not only in the educational process, but also in the social
formation of a future specialist.
We conducted an analysis of the most influential factors that shape the educational process in an
educational institution: a student contingent and study subjects that are integrated into the curriculum
for students. In addition, these factors have a direct impact on the ability of students to engage in
research activities of varying degrees of complexity. It is now up to discuss the role of pedagogical staff
and methodical approaches that are used in the educational process. The talented, highly skilled
university teachers are the connecting link that provides the educational process, research activities at
various levels, organizational work, and provides a link between students and the administration of the
university. A well-organized pedagogical team is a "golden fund" for each university.
Most teachers do their job well in the educational process. Each university team can point to several
teachers who always have discussion with a student team. These student associations are self-
organized by a teacher for various reasons: the teacher has methodological approaches to interest
students in in-depth study of his or her academic discipline; the teacher indicates the connection of his
subject with others from the training course and reveals the possibilities of such integration in the work
activity; the teacher organizes the research activity of the group of students on the basis of the studied
disciplines before; the teacher points to the perspective directions of the research work and tells about
the importance of such practical skills in the work activity, etc. Each of these cases has the following
common feature, this is the teacher's charisma and his desire to actively collaborate with students. Each
of these working groups is an open information space. The field of research interests of such a group
may vary and will depend on the coordinating role of the teacher and the interests of the participants in
this research group.
Each type of such activity is formed on the basis of mutual trust and commonality of interests. The
following student groups work most effectively, in which each participant explicitly identified and
announced the purpose of his participation. In this case, it is easier for the teacher to organize the work
of such a team, to differentiate the tasks set, to determine the role of each participant to achieve the
goal. It is not necessary to achieve the goal exactly in the composition of the working group from the
start. It is important that each participant achieves his goal while working in this team. In this case,
positive feedback on this team will contribute to its development. The growth in the number of research
participants always contributes to raising the educational level among university students as a whole.
An important role in the process of coordinating educational activities and research activities is assigned
to the administrative apparatus of the faculty or university [22]. The development of international
cooperation, academic mobility among students and faculty [14, 23] has a positive impact on all forms
of academic and research activity of students. The exchange of experience and the results of research
work makes it possible to organize new areas of research and interesting directions of practical activity
on the basis of open educational and laboratory platforms [11]. Such an international spirit of leadership
among young people promotes the creation of intercontinental working groups of research. Participation
in the work of such a group is an important achievement for each participant. Participants in this team
receive an important experience of international cooperation, learn to solve research problems through
the integration of the opportunities of individual research groups from other universities, quickly assess
the need for new knowledge in a particular field or science.
At the end, the final aspect, which in our opinion, has a significant impact on the relationship between
education and research activities of students. This is the role of employers in the labor market.
Separate enterprises and various companies are increasingly turning to universities for the last years to
find a creative solution to various tasks. Such cooperation enables these companies to have no
traditional solutions to production problems and always be at the forefront of finding new areas of activity.
Managers from these companies are actively involved in the formation of such research teams. They
track the learning outcomes and the creative activity of each participant from such a group. Sometimes
the managers from these companies make a contest among the participants of the research groups and
give the winner a financial reward. Sometimes, all members of the research group offer a contract to
work in these companies. Such cooperation between the university and employers has unlimited
possibilities. Studying at such a university is prestigious and such universities show the highest level of
theoretical and practical training of students.

4 CONCLUSIONS
The problem of the relationship between education and research activities of students was studied
generally and for various educational directions in particular. The urgency of such research increases
every year, as the production productivity increases, the speed of the development of new technologies
growths, and the amount of information accumulated by humanity doubles twice every year.
The central element for attention occupies the peculiarities of the student's personality (basic training,
motivation, etc.). The determining criterion of student's educational and research activity is his
motivation for these types of work. We conventionally divided the student community into three general
groups and each of them were subdivided into separate subgroups. This made it possible to analyze
the motivational aspects for each of the isolated groups and subgroups.
Based on many years pedagogical experience, we have established the decisive role of the logical
structure of educational disciplines in the process of Curriculum preparing. The educational process
should be formed in a clear and logical sequence for providing the best educational result.
It should be marked the annual reduction of the number of students who independently initiate the
research activities, along with sufficient level academic performance. We assume that the students'
activities in the research societies are the result of the organizational work of the administration of
faculties and teachers to a large extent.
A team of teachers performs a leading function for the university. This structure provides the link
between the administration of the faculty or the university and the students. This structure implements
the educational process and research activities among students. The teacher's personality is just as
important in this collaboration then as the student's person.
The strategic activity of the faculties and the university determines the priority directions in the
educational process and research activity. Their active cooperation with employers stimulates the
creative activity of student youth and promotes the development of advanced branches of economics
and science.

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