MM 312: Solid Mechanics 2

Faculty of Science, Technology and Environment

School of Engineering and Physics

Final Examination
Semester I, 2019

Face to Face

Duration of Exam: 3 hours + 10 minutes

Reading Time: 10 minutes
Writing Time: 3 hours

INSTRUCTIONS

1. This paper carries 100 marks.

2. This paper has two parts:
i. Part A: 40 marks
ii. Part B: 60 marks
3. Answer all questions in Part A and any four (4) questions from Part B.
4. Write your answers in the answer booklet provided.
5. All required data are provided.
6. You can use calculators.
7. This exam is worth 50% of your overall mark.
8. You should spend an average of 60 minutes for Part A and 30 minutes
per question in Part B.

Page 1 of 7
 PART A (Answer ALL questions = 40 marks)

1. A metal composite is composed of metal M reinforced by parallel wires of metal

W. The volume fraction of W is 50%, and W has a yield stress of 200 MPa and a
modulus of 210 GPa. Material M has a yield stress of 50 MPa and a modulus of
30 GPa. What is the maximum stress that the composite can carry without
yielding? (5 Marks)

2. List 5 assumptions made for calculating stresses and displacement of beams under
thermal loading. (5 Marks)

3. Briefly explain how does Finite Element Model (FEM) work? Why is it not
possible to get exact solution using FEM? In what way can you ensure that FEM
solutions are to nearest approximation? What types of refinement in FEM and
which one will give better results? (5 marks)

4. Explain how does, a ductile, brittle and fatigue failure occur in a metal, explain in
detail the procedure to determine state of stress on machine components. (5
marks)

5. List five assumption of plasticity theory? (5 marks)

6. What do you understand by the term “Stress Cycle” under Drucker’s Postulate for
associated and non-associated flow rule in plastic deformation of materials?
(5 marks)

7. Explain in detail how one can determine the maximum force due to impact
loading (5 marks)

8. Give 2 examples of structural composite material and advantages of using these

materials. (5 marks)

Page 2 of 7
 PART B (Answer ANY 4 Questions x 15 marks = 60 Marks)

Question 1 (15 Marks Total)

A 3-D space pin jointed frame (PJF) is shown in Figure Q1. An external force of 200 N is
applied at point A. Determine the internal forces in each member and state if the member
is in tension or in compression. (15 marks)

Figure Q1 A Pin Jointed Frame (PJF)

Question 2 (15 Marks Total)

A pressurized tank shown in Figure Q2 has a 150 mm outer diameter and 9 mm wall
thickness. Knowing that the butt welded seams forming an angle β = 25º with the
transverse plane. An external force F (Fʹ) of 10 kN acts on the vessel and torque T (Tʹ)
100 N.m. Determine the largest allowable gage pressure, knowing that the allowable
normal stress perpendicular to the weld is 125 MPa and the allowable shearing stress
parallel to the weld is 70 MPa. (15 marks)

Page 3 of 7
 Figure Q2. A pressure tank.

Question 3 (15 Marks Total)

A solar - hydrogen fuel cell, hybrid system has been installed on a remote island to cater
for their electricity needs. During the day time solar panels are used to generate
electricity and feed into the isolated grid (within the Island). The excess electricity is fed
into the fuel cell hydrolyzing sea water and producing hydrogen gas. The hydrogen gas is
then compressed and stored in cylindrical pressure vessels made of steel ( E = 210 GPa,
yield strength 75 MPa, poison’s ratio 0.3). The dimension of each cylinder are as follows;
diameter = 2m, length = 5m, and the thickness = 50 mm. Once the vessel reaches to its
maximum pressure a cut-off valve switches off the supply. During the night hydrogen gas
is fed into the hydrogen fuel cell to produce electricity and the pressure in the vessel
reaches zero for daily use. During the inspection a 1 mm deep crack in hoop direction
was found on the outside surface of the vessel. The crack opening displacement (COD)
test on the material was carried out, which gave the following results; Sample width (B) =
10 mm, Sample depth (W) = 20 mm, Crack Length (a) = 9 mm, V p = 0.14 mm, Fc = 20
kN, and z = 1 mm, Y = 1.12 and m = 3.54.

(i) Determine the maximum hoop stress in the vessel before failure, crack opening
displacement data is shown in table 3, and figure 3. (8 marks)
(ii) Determine the maximum internal pressure that the vessel can be subjected to.
(2 marks)
(iii) How many years the vessel can be in service before it will burst open?
(5 marks)

Page 4 of 7
 Table 3: Crack opening displacement data f1 (a/w) and f2 (a/w)

Figure 3. Crack growth data for steel.

Question 4 (15 Marks Total)

A simply supported beam and its cross section is shown in figure 4a and 4b respectivilty.
The beam is made of Aluminum (at 30ºC, E = 69 GPa, α = 23.4 x 10-6 K-1 and Sy =
275MPa). Knowing that the temperature is constant at the bottom surface along the
length of 30ºC and uniformly distributed load of 2 kN/m is acting along the beam.

(i) Determine maximum temperature the top surface can be subjected to,
without exceeding the lateral deflection of 0.3 mm at x = 2.4 m. (9 marks)
(ii) Find the factor of safety assuming that maximum stress occurs at top
surface at x = 3m (Center of the beam). (6 marks)

Page 5 of 7
 Figure Q4a. A simply supported beam.

Figure Q4b. A beam cross section

Question 5 (15 Marks Total)

A machine component shown in Figure Q5 is made of steel with S y = 325 MPa. Knowing
that the pipe has inner and outer diameter equal to 35 mm and 42 mm respectively and
the forces are applied as shown in Figure Q5.

(i) Determine the state of stress at point a. (7 marks)

(ii) Using the maximum distortion energy criterion and maximum shearing stress
criterion, determine whether yield will occur or not. If yield does not occur,
determine the corresponding factor of safety. (8 mark)

Page 6 of 7
 Figure Q5. A machine component.

Equations:

End of paper.
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