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Chapter 12 The Verb and Its Complementations

The document discusses different types of verb structures and complementation in English. It outlines 7 basic sentence structures and focuses on multi-word verbs, intensive complementation, and transitive complementation. Specifically, it examines: 1. Phrasal verbs, prepositional verbs, and the differences between particles and prepositions. 2. Intensive complementation including SVCs, SVA, and complement types like noun phrases, adjectives, and clauses. 3. Transitive complementation including monotransitive SVO, ditransitive SVOI, and complex structures like SVOC and SVOA involving different object and complement combinations.

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98 views

Chapter 12 The Verb and Its Complementations

The document discusses different types of verb structures and complementation in English. It outlines 7 basic sentence structures and focuses on multi-word verbs, intensive complementation, and transitive complementation. Specifically, it examines: 1. Phrasal verbs, prepositional verbs, and the differences between particles and prepositions. 2. Intensive complementation including SVCs, SVA, and complement types like noun phrases, adjectives, and clauses. 3. Transitive complementation including monotransitive SVO, ditransitive SVOI, and complex structures like SVOC and SVOA involving different object and complement combinations.

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Hoài Đặng
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Chapter 2: Verb classifications : 7 sentence structures: SV, SVO, SVC, SVA,

SVOO, SVOA, SVOCs

Chapter 12: The focus is on complementation

A. Multi – word verbs:


1. Intransitive phrasal verb: verb + 1 particle
The plane took off = departed/ fly off the runway
He finally gave in = surrender
2. monotransitive phrasal verb:
He gave up his job
He gave in his essay on time. = turn in
give up = quit
3. prepositional monotransitive verb:
Prepositional monotransitive verb: verb + 1 preposition
depend on/ look for/ think of
We depend on his money.
depend: verb + on ( preposition)
4. Phrasal Prepositional monotransitive: verb + 1 particle + preposition
We cut down on sweets for babies.
Cut down = reduce
cut: verb; down: particle; on: preposition ( on something: on đi với sweets)
We didn't get along/ on with our teacher.

Phân biệt: Particle vs. Prepositions


Phân biệt Phrasal verbs/ Prepositional Verbs:

Phrasal verbs Prepositional Verbs


Verb + Particle (+ Adverb) Verb + Preposition
They turn on the gas slowly Mono: listen to music
Can be transitive (mono) / intransitive Ditransitive:
Inform (Obj1)… of (Obj2)….
take care of….
They take care of the dogs: SVOO

In case of monotransitive:
- Similarity: We turned on the lights/ Vietnam depends on raw materials.
- Differences: in position of Object/ pronoun
Phrasal verbs: We turn the lights on or We turn on the lights.
We turn them on ( them = the lights) not We turn on them
Prepositional verbs: They depend on his money
They depend on it.

B. COMPLEMENTATION
I. Intensive complementation: SVCs + SVA(adverbial)
1. SVCs
Cs = noun phrase: He is my boyfriend.
Cs= adjective: Ms Thu is nice.
Cs = adjectival phrase: She is fond of music
Cs = Adjectival clause (finite/ non - finite)
Non - finite
- Cs= Adjective + to infinitive
She is happy to get married
- Cs = Adjective + V-ing
She is busy preparing for her wedding
Finite:
- That clause: I am sure that he is gay.
- Wh – interrogative clause
- Nominal relative clause: ….

2. SVA
- S + Vintransitive + Adjunct (time, manner/ place)
- S + V + adverbial (He was upstairs)
- S + V + prepositional phrase: He is in the kitchen.
- S + V + A = clause: We are where we are now.

II. Monotransitive complementation : SVO (Direct Object)


Monotransitive verbs requires a direct object
We bought a book
I wanted to kill her
She knows that he is a gay

Od = a noun phrase
Od = a non – finite clause
Od = finite clause

Factual verbs: She knows that I love her = finite clause

Emotive verbs

Volitional verbs:

Gerund or infinitive?

III. Ditransitive Complementation: S + V + Od + Oi

1. Oi = NP 1 + Od = NP2
We gave the boy some sweets.
We inform the boy of his mother’s death.
2. Oi = NP + Od = non – finite clause
She told him to lay down his gun
His wife accused him of cheating.
3. Oi = NP + Od = finite clause
He asked her why he loved her.
Ronaldo couldn’t tell his wife whether he would move to Manchester United.
Ditransitive verbs: 3 types
1. simple Vditransitive:
give, bring , lend me, make , offer, owe, pay, take, find
do me a favor
2. Prepositional Vditransitive: inforrm of, remind of, compare to...
She compared Donald Trump to a pig = SVOO
3. Idiomatic Vditransitive: make use of, pay attention to, catch sight of, make fun of...
Please make good use of your money: SVOO

IV: Complex transitive Complementation: SVOC + SVOA

SVOC:

4. Od = NP 1 + Co = NP 2
I regarded Vietnam my second home.
5. Od = NP + Co = Adjective phrase/ clause
We painted our house red
He made her afraid of whatever crawls
6. Od = NP + Co = non – finite clause
We wanted Bob to finish homework on time
The story made me cry
We saw them dancing in the rain
We watch his life crumbled.
7. Od = NP + Co = finite clause
Please call my children whatever English name you like

SVOA: S + V + O + A

1. Od = NP + A = Adverb
2. Od = NP + A = Prepostional phrase
3. Od = NP + A = finite clause
4. Od = Finite clause + A = Prepositional phrase
Do not put off till tomorrow what you can do today

Chú ý: (Read Coursebook phần12.32/ Exercise 244)

- SVOCo: He wanted ([Mary] to teach Bob) = Anh ta muốn Mary làm gì/ ntn?
to teach Bob = direct object
Mary: indirect object
"Mary" is not a constituent: He wanted [Mary] to teach Bob.

- SVOO: [He persuaded Mary] to teach Bob. = Anh ta thuyết phục Mary cái gì/ việc gì
Persuaded: + direct object (require an Od)
“Mary” is a constituent part: He persuaded to teach Bob

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