NATIONAL HIGHWAYS & INFRASTRUCTURE DEVELOPMENT CORPORATION LTD.

FINAL DETAILED PROJECT REPORT

APRIL 2020
CONSULTANCY SERVICES FOR
PREPERATION OF DETAILED
PROJECT REPORT AND PROVIDING
PRE-CONSTRUCTION ACTIVITIES IN
RESPECT OF THE FOLLOWING
STRETCH ON NH-244 (OLD NH-1B) IN
THE STATE OF JAMMU AND
KASHMIR.

(1) SUDHMAHADEV- DRANGA

TUNNEL OF APPROX. LENGTH 4.5
KM AND ITS APPROACH ROAD ON
CHENANI - SUDHMAHADEV-
GOHA ROAD PORTION.

(2) VAILOO TUNNEL OF APPROX.

LENGTH 10.0 KM UNDER SINTHAN
PASS AND ITS APPROACH ROAD
ON GOHA-KHELLANI- KHANABAL
ROAD PORTION.

(3) ROAD PORTION FROM 82.675 TO

82.925 AT KM 83 ON BATOTE-
KISHTWAR ROAD SECTION OF
NH-244.

(4) EXTENDED ROAD SECTION FROM

GOHA TO KHELLANI OF 30 KM
LENGTH

GOHA - KHELLANI ROAD

PACKAGE-I B (KM 20.300 to KM 29.030)
VOLUME - III - MATERIAL REPORT

IN ASSOCIATION WITH
TPF GETINSA EUROESTUDIOS S.L. RODIC CONSULTANTS PRIVATE LIMITED
Unit 305, Suncity Business Tower, Golf Course 1, Jai Singh Marg (First Floor), YMCA Cultural
Road,Sector 54 Gurgram Haryana - 122002India Centre Building, New Delhi – 110001 (INDIA)
Email : [email protected] Email :[email protected]
 FINAL DPR GOHA KHELLANI ROAD VOLUME - III- MATERIAL REPORT
Consultancy Services for Preparation of Detailed Project Report and providing Pre-Construction activities in respect of the following
stretches on NH-244 (old NH-1B) in the State of Jammu & Kashmir. (i) Sudhmahadev – Dranga Tunnel of approx. length 4.5 Km and
its approach roads on Chenani – Sudhmahadev – Goha road portion. (ii) Vailoo Tunnel of approx. length 10.00 Km under Sinthan
Pass and its approach roads on Goha – Khellani – Khanabal road portion

TABLE OF CONTENTS

1. INTRODUCTION ......................................................................................................................................................... 6

1.1 The Project Road ...................................................................................................................................................... 6

1.2 Objective of Consultancy Services ...................................................................................................................... 7

1.3 Highway Scope of Services .................................................................................................................................... 7

1.4 Approach to Material Survey ................................................................................................................................ 8

1.5 Structure of this Report .......................................................................................................................................... 9

2. PRELIMINARY STUDY .......................................................................................................................................... 10

2.1 General ....................................................................................................................................................................... 10

2.2 Landscape Characteristics & Physiography ................................................................................................. 10

2.3 Terrain, Soil Type and Geology ......................................................................................................................... 11

2.4 Climate ....................................................................................................................................................................... 14

2.5 Rainfall ....................................................................................................................................................................... 16

2.6 Desk Study ................................................................................................................................................................ 16

2.7 Test and Specification ......................................................................................................................................... 17

3. INVESTIGATIONS ALONG ROAD ALIGNMENT ........................................................................................... 17

3.1 General ....................................................................................................................................................................... 17

3.2 Scope of Investigation as per TOR ................................................................................................................... 17

3.3 Test pits on natural ground for new carriageway ..................................................................................... 18

4. INVESTIGATION OF BORROW EARTH FOR EMBANKMENT AND SUBGRADE .............................. 21

3
 FINAL DPR GOHA KHELLANI ROAD VOLUME - III- MATERIAL REPORT
Consultancy Services for Preparation of Detailed Project Report and providing Pre-Construction activities in respect of the following
stretches on NH-244 (old NH-1B) in the State of Jammu & Kashmir. (i) Sudhmahadev – Dranga Tunnel of approx. length 4.5 Km and
its approach roads on Chenani – Sudhmahadev – Goha road portion. (ii) Vailoo Tunnel of approx. length 10.00 Km under Sinthan
Pass and its approach roads on Goha – Khellani – Khanabal road portion

4.1 General ....................................................................................................................................................................... 21

4.2 Objectives .................................................................................................................................................................. 21

4.3 Laboratory Testing ................................................................................................................................................ 22

4.3.1 Results ........................................................................................................................................................................ 25

4.4 Evaluation of Test Results .................................................................................................................................. 25

5. QUARRY MATERIALS FOR CONSTRUCTION ............................................................................................... 25

5.1 General ....................................................................................................................................................................... 25

5.2 Objectives .................................................................................................................................................................. 26

5.3 Location and Description of Aggregate Quarries ....................................................................................... 26

5.4 Laboratory Tests .................................................................................................................................................... 26

5.5 Results and Discussion on Aggregate Quarries .......................................................................................... 29

5.6 Sand Quarry.............................................................................................................................................................. 30

Table 5.2 Test Results of Fine Aggregates ............................................................................................................... 31

6. MANUFACTURED MATERIALS ......................................................................................................................... 32

6.1 General ....................................................................................................................................................................... 32

6.2 Cement ....................................................................................................................................................................... 32

6.3 Steel ............................................................................................................................................................................. 32

6.4 Bitumen...................................................................................................................................................................... 32

6.5 Bitumen Emulsion ................................................................................................................................................. 33

6.6 Bearings ..................................................................................................................................................................... 33

4
 FINAL DPR GOHA KHELLANI ROAD VOLUME - III- MATERIAL REPORT
Consultancy Services for Preparation of Detailed Project Report and providing Pre-Construction activities in respect of the following
stretches on NH-244 (old NH-1B) in the State of Jammu & Kashmir. (i) Sudhmahadev – Dranga Tunnel of approx. length 4.5 Km and
its approach roads on Chenani – Sudhmahadev – Goha road portion. (ii) Vailoo Tunnel of approx. length 10.00 Km under Sinthan
Pass and its approach roads on Goha – Khellani – Khanabal road portion

6.7 Expansion joint ....................................................................................................................................................... 33

6.8 Prestressing System .............................................................................................................................................. 33

7. OTHER CONSTRUCTION MATERIALS............................................................................................................ 33

7.1 Water .......................................................................................................................................................................... 33

7.2 Test of Water Sample............................................................................................................................................ 33

7.3 Other Materials ....................................................................................................................................................... 34

5
 FINAL DPR GOHA KHELLANI ROAD VOLUME - III- MATERIAL REPORT
Consultancy Services for Preparation of Detailed Project Report and providing Pre-Construction activities in respect of the following
stretches on NH-244 (old NH-1B) in the State of Jammu & Kashmir. (i) Sudhmahadev – Dranga Tunnel of approx. length 4.5 Km and
its approach roads on Chenani – Sudhmahadev – Goha road portion. (ii) Vailoo Tunnel of approx. length 10.00 Km under Sinthan
Pass and its approach roads on Goha – Khellani – Khanabal road portion

1. INTRODUCTION

1.1 The Project Road

Project road section falls in the Doda District of Jammu and Kashmir. The project road
starts at approach road of Daranga and runs North till Naid Angri and turns East-North
upto Khellani.

The project road traverses through Mountainous & Hilly terrain and is new alignment.
The soil in the district is generally loose and sandy with very low moisture. The rate of
soil erosion is very high and roads blockage is frequent during the rainy season.

The Index Map showing the stretch, described above as a part of Project Road, is
presented in Fig. 1.1.

Fig- 1.1- Location Map of the Project

6
 FINAL DPR GOHA KHELLANI ROAD VOLUME - III- MATERIAL REPORT
Consultancy Services for Preparation of Detailed Project Report and providing Pre-Construction activities in respect of the following
stretches on NH-244 (old NH-1B) in the State of Jammu & Kashmir. (i) Sudhmahadev – Dranga Tunnel of approx. length 4.5 Km and
its approach roads on Chenani – Sudhmahadev – Goha road portion. (ii) Vailoo Tunnel of approx. length 10.00 Km under Sinthan
Pass and its approach roads on Goha – Khellani – Khanabal road portion

1.2 Objective of Consultancy Services

The main objective of the consultancy is to establish the technical, economical and
financial viability of the project and prepare Detailed Project Reports for development
and construction of Project Tunnels and approach roads.The viability of the project
shall be established taking into account the requirements with regard to construction
of project tunnels as per Annexure-I based on Tunnel alignment & design, approach
roads and design of new bridges and structure, quantities of various items of works,
cost estimates and economic analysis.

The Detailed Project Report would inter-alia include detailed Tunnel alignment design,
Geotechnical studies and design report, Bore log report, Topographic Survey report,
Study of Seismicity, Study of Water samples, Chemical analysis of water samples,
Detailed Tunnel design report, design of approach roads, Design of Structures,
Technical specification for road tunnels, E & M lighting and other fixed operating
equipment’s, Snow & Avalanche protection measures if any, quantities of various items,
detailed working drawings, detailed cost estimates, economic and financial viability
analyses, environmental and social feasibility, social and environmental action plans as
appropriate.

1.3 Highway Scope of Services

A comprehensive study covers pavement material investigation including investigation

on sources of available construction materials near the Project Road.

The report describes material investigation programme conducted by the Consultant,

which inter-alia consisted of field investigations, sampling and testing of materials,
evaluation of their suitability and availability.

 The work includes collection of the representative samples of construction

materials along the Project Road and testing them in laboratory for
characterisation of their quality.

 Evaluation of suitability and also the availability for use in construction works.

7
 FINAL DPR GOHA KHELLANI ROAD VOLUME - III- MATERIAL REPORT
Consultancy Services for Preparation of Detailed Project Report and providing Pre-Construction activities in respect of the following
stretches on NH-244 (old NH-1B) in the State of Jammu & Kashmir. (i) Sudhmahadev – Dranga Tunnel of approx. length 4.5 Km and
its approach roads on Chenani – Sudhmahadev – Goha road portion. (ii) Vailoo Tunnel of approx. length 10.00 Km under Sinthan
Pass and its approach roads on Goha – Khellani – Khanabal road portion

 Assessment of lead of the quarry locations and quantum of materials available at

each location.

These objectives may well be treated as complimentary to each other, since the
understanding gained on the behaviour of the materials of existing roads should be of
help in selecting materials for new construction and assessing their future performance
while the road is in service.

Test results of material are presented in separate tables for existing subgrade, natural
ground to accommodate additional lanes, new alignment subgrades, borrow soils, sand
and aggregates. Recommendations are made with regard to material parameters for
design of pavement as also availability and suitability of the various natural materials
for construction purposes.

1.4 Approach to Material Survey

The materials survey started with a study of the geological maps, data and quarry
charts available for this purpose. This was followed by a reconnaissance survey of the
Project Road.

The Project Road was inspected to ascertain the type, quality, availability, ease of
extraction, lead and other related information. Local enquiries, particularly with local
road contractors were also made for additional information. Based on detailed survey
& investigations and also as per the interaction with the officers, the representative
samples from prospective borrow & quarry areas were collected and tested in the
laboratory for engineering characteristics. The laboratory test results were then
evaluated for developing recommendations on suitability of the materials for various
purposes.

Based on detailed survey and investigations and as per the interaction with the officers,
the representative samples of borrow area soil, coarse aggregates, fine aggregates and
bricks were collected from the locations mentioned in the Chapter-3 of this report.

8
 FINAL DPR GOHA KHELLANI ROAD VOLUME - III- MATERIAL REPORT
Consultancy Services for Preparation of Detailed Project Report and providing Pre-Construction activities in respect of the following
stretches on NH-244 (old NH-1B) in the State of Jammu & Kashmir. (i) Sudhmahadev – Dranga Tunnel of approx. length 4.5 Km and
its approach roads on Chenani – Sudhmahadev – Goha road portion. (ii) Vailoo Tunnel of approx. length 10.00 Km under Sinthan
Pass and its approach roads on Goha – Khellani – Khanabal road portion

1.5 Structure of this Report

The Material Report has been divided into number of chapters to provide details and
results of the studies carried out by the Consultant in a logical manner. The chapters
are as under:

Chapter – 1: Introduction

Brief description of the project & scope of work for material survey has been dealt in
this chapter

Chapter – 2: Preliminary Studies

This provides information on the broad physical set-up of the project and the
preliminary desk studies carried out.

Chapter - 3: Investigations along Road Alignment

This describes the investigations carried out along the proposed road alignment and
provides the results of tests including evaluation thereof.

Chapter – 4: Investigation of Borrow Areas for Embankment and Sub-grade

This provides details of the soil and material survey carried out for identifying and
evaluating the various material sources for extracting soil and other natural materials
for use in embankment and sub-grade.

Chapter – 5: Quarry Materials for Construction

This deals with investigations carried out for identifying suitable quarries for rock
material and sand.

Chapter – 6: Manufactured Materials

This chapter identified the probable sources for procuring manufactured materials like
steel, cement and bitumen.

9
 FINAL DPR GOHA KHELLANI ROAD VOLUME - III- MATERIAL REPORT
Consultancy Services for Preparation of Detailed Project Report and providing Pre-Construction activities in respect of the following
stretches on NH-244 (old NH-1B) in the State of Jammu & Kashmir. (i) Sudhmahadev – Dranga Tunnel of approx. length 4.5 Km and
its approach roads on Chenani – Sudhmahadev – Goha road portion. (ii) Vailoo Tunnel of approx. length 10.00 Km under Sinthan
Pass and its approach roads on Goha – Khellani – Khanabal road portion

Chapter – 7: Other Construction Materials

Other construction materials like water, expansion joint, Bearings, Prestressing System,
high tensile strands, etc. are dealt with in this Chapter.

2. PRELIMINARY STUDY

2.1 General

This chapter of the report covers general geology, topography and landscape
characteristics of the Project Road area, based on desk study.

2.2 Landscape Characteristics & Physiography

Jammu & Kashmir

The state of Jammu and Kashmir forming the crown of India and situated in the
extreme north of Indian Union lies between the coordinates 32º 17' to 37º 20' North
latitude and 73º 25' to 80º 30' East longitude. The territory is bound on north by
Afghanistan and China, East by China, South by two states of India as Himachal Pradesh
and Punjab and West by the North-West Frontier Province and Punjab Province of
Pakistan. The entire territory extends over 640 km. from north to south and 480 km.
East to West, covering a total area of 2,22,236 sq.km.

The state comprises of 22 districts with three divisions, Jammu, Kashmir and Ladakh,
offering a rich diversity of landscapes. The Ladakh occupies maximum area of the three
regions. The total population of the state is 1.25 crore (Census 2011). The recorded
forest area of the state is about 20,441 sq.km.

The topography of the state is such that low-lying valleys are surrounded by high
mountain ranges of the Himalayas. Of all the valleys, the most important one, the
Kashmir valley lies between the coordinates 33º 20' to 34º 54' North latitude and 73º
55’ to 75º 35' East longitude. It is situated in the lap of the Western Himalayas and
decorated by snow-covered, silver headed mountains, magical lakes, green grasslands
and has enjoyed the reputation of being home of herbal medicines.

10
 FINAL DPR GOHA KHELLANI ROAD VOLUME - III- MATERIAL REPORT
Consultancy Services for Preparation of Detailed Project Report and providing Pre-Construction activities in respect of the following
stretches on NH-244 (old NH-1B) in the State of Jammu & Kashmir. (i) Sudhmahadev – Dranga Tunnel of approx. length 4.5 Km and
its approach roads on Chenani – Sudhmahadev – Goha road portion. (ii) Vailoo Tunnel of approx. length 10.00 Km under Sinthan
Pass and its approach roads on Goha – Khellani – Khanabal road portion

The valley is on an average height of 1,700m above the sea level and is encompassed by
mighty Himalayan ranges occupying an area of 15,948 sq. km. with forest area about
8,123 sq. km.

There are three parallel belts widely apart from Forest and Hill soils, one stretching
from Poonch to Kathua in Jammu province second North West of Jhelum valley in
Kashmir province and the third belt stretching from south eastern part of Ladakh
range.

Some of the important passes of the region are Zojial on the Great Himalayas, Banihal
on the Pir Panjal, Photula on the Zaskar and Khardung La on the Ladakh range.

Some of the important fresh water lakes such as Dal and Wular and salt water lakes
such as Pangong Tso and Tso Moriri are also in this drained by the river Indus and its
tributaries such as the Jhelam and Chenab

2.3 Terrain, Soil Type and Geology

Terrain

The entire stretch of Project Road lies predominantly on mountainous and hilly terrain.

Soil Type

The formation soil type along all the stretches of the Project Road is mostly loose and
silty sand & gravel with very low moisture.

Geology

Geology of Jammu & Kashmir

The Kashmir valley comprises of sedimentary, metamorphic and igneous rocks

ranging in age from Salkhala (Precombrian) to Recent.

Outer Hill Division covering Jammu, comprises of Siwaliks, Murrees and Dogra Slates
types of Geological Formations.

11
 FINAL DPR GOHA KHELLANI ROAD VOLUME - III- MATERIAL REPORT
Consultancy Services for Preparation of Detailed Project Report and providing Pre-Construction activities in respect of the following
stretches on NH-244 (old NH-1B) in the State of Jammu & Kashmir. (i) Sudhmahadev – Dranga Tunnel of approx. length 4.5 Km and
its approach roads on Chenani – Sudhmahadev – Goha road portion. (ii) Vailoo Tunnel of approx. length 10.00 Km under Sinthan
Pass and its approach roads on Goha – Khellani – Khanabal road portion

Indus valley (Ladakh) Comprises Crystalline complex of rocks ranging in composition

from sedimentary igneous and metamorphic in characteristics.

Mineral Bearing Area:

Area of State : 222236 Sq kms

Mountainous Area : 133346 Sq kms

Mineral bearing Area : 13334 Sq kms

Viability of the deposit : 60% of the deposits are commercially viable for Mining

There is a wide scope of Mineral Resources in J&K State. The important minerals are
Limestone, Gypsum, Dolomite, Quartzite besides building stones like, Slate, Marble,
Granite etc.

Geology of the Project Area

In this valley, the project area around tunnel alignment, gneiss, biotite gneiss, quartzite,
mica schist, granitic gneiss, porphyritic granitic gneiss, inpure limestone with
intercalation of quartz veins of Salkhala Formation of Precambrian age and Kaplas
Granite & Bhalla Granite lithounits of Lower Palaeozoic (?) age (Vaid & Lal, 1990-91,
GSI). These are best exposed along the main highway and connecting road to main
highway.

Seismicity

The project area lies in a seismically active region affected by several earthquakes of
varying magnitude. With respect to large magnitude earthquakes, it lies between iso-
seismals I and II of the M=7.0 Kashmir Earthquake of 30th May 1885 with the epicenter
at Jampur, 19.5 km west of Srinagar (Figure 3). More recently, the project area was
affected by the M=7.6 Muzaffarabad Earthquake of 8th October 2005 and it fell between
iso-seismals VI and VII. With respect to other important earthquakes in the region, the
project area lies close to the iso-seismal VII of 21st November 1939 Great Pamir
Earthquake (M=6.9) and iso-seismal VI-VII of the 14th May 1937 Hindukush
Earthquake (M=7.2).

12
 FINAL DPR GOHA KHELLANI ROAD VOLUME - III- MATERIAL REPORT
Consultancy Services for Preparation of Detailed Project Report and providing Pre-Construction activities in respect of the following
stretches on NH-244 (old NH-1B) in the State of Jammu & Kashmir. (i) Sudhmahadev – Dranga Tunnel of approx. length 4.5 Km and
its approach roads on Chenani – Sudhmahadev – Goha road portion. (ii) Vailoo Tunnel of approx. length 10.00 Km under Sinthan
Pass and its approach roads on Goha – Khellani – Khanabal road portion

Project Area

Figure 2.1: Iso-seismal map of project area

Seismic Characteristics:

India has most tectonically active as well as most stable landmasses. The present
location falls into zone IV according to the probability of the earthquake occurrence.
Zone 1, 2 are the least active and zone 3, 4, 5 are the most active.

13
 FINAL DPR GOHA KHELLANI ROAD VOLUME - III- MATERIAL REPORT
Consultancy Services for Preparation of Detailed Project Report and providing Pre-Construction activities in respect of the following
stretches on NH-244 (old NH-1B) in the State of Jammu & Kashmir. (i) Sudhmahadev – Dranga Tunnel of approx. length 4.5 Km and
its approach roads on Chenani – Sudhmahadev – Goha road portion. (ii) Vailoo Tunnel of approx. length 10.00 Km under Sinthan
Pass and its approach roads on Goha – Khellani – Khanabal road portion

Figure 2.2

2.4 Climate

Jammu is a sub-tropical region. The climate varies in different parts of the division. The
southern plains experience a climate similar to Punjab. The summers are hot with rainy
seasons. Winters are cool. The mountains regions experience weather similar to that of
Kashmir. These regions receive snowfall. While as, the plains receive light to heavy
rainfall. Seasonal winds originating from the Mediterranean Sea also influence the
weather of division. The temperature dips during the rainy season, however the humidity
remains high. Jammu is the hottest of the three divisions in Kashmir. The average
temperature during peak summer may go up to 38°C.

14
 FINAL DPR GOHA KHELLANI ROAD VOLUME - III- MATERIAL REPORT
Consultancy Services for Preparation of Detailed Project Report and providing Pre-Construction activities in respect of the following
stretches on NH-244 (old NH-1B) in the State of Jammu & Kashmir. (i) Sudhmahadev – Dranga Tunnel of approx. length 4.5 Km and
its approach roads on Chenani – Sudhmahadev – Goha road portion. (ii) Vailoo Tunnel of approx. length 10.00 Km under Sinthan
Pass and its approach roads on Goha – Khellani – Khanabal road portion

Ladakh is the coldest place of Jammu and Kashmir. The climate is very dry and climate.
The place has a long and severe winter with the temperature going down to more than
40 degree below zero. River Zanskar, with its fast and furious waters and huge waterfalls
freezes completely and huge ice sheets hang much to the astonishments of the beholders.
Drass in Ladakh is the coldest place. Due to heavy snowfall, Ladakh remains cut off for
the major part of the year. The night temperature usually remains below zero from
September to May. The temperature in summers however soars to 45 degrees making it
extremely hot. The mountains are bare and barren.

Kashmir has probably the best climate of the state. Its climate is largely regulated by the
Himalayas, surrounding mountains and the water bodies. It has four clearly demarcated
seasons with distinct features. Each season is moderate and beautiful. The temperature
in winters may go down to -15°C in the hilly areas, while as the plains have a
comparatively better temperature at -5 to -8°C. The local people wear woollen cloths and
a long gown known as Pheran to save them from the chill. They also use a portable fire
pot, Kangri to keep warm. The month of July is the hottest month with the temperature
going up to just above 30°C in the plains, while the upper reaches remain comparatively
cooler, from the heat in the plains, Chinar trees come to the rescue. These huge giant-size
trees give a wonderful cool shade in the hottest of summer, so much that you
occasionally get chills under them. Autumn and spring have warm days and cool nights.
The valley receives rains during the spring season.

The Project road lies in the Doda district of Jammu & Kashmir.

Doda

Doda District is situated at 33.0845°N, 75.3252°E. Doda is a District in eastern part

of Jammu Division of the Indian state of Jammu and Kashmir. The district consists of 8
Tehsils: Bhagwa, Assar, Doda, Gundana, Marmat, Bhaderwah, Gandoh (Bhalessa),
and Thathri. The district is surrounded by Anantnag district of Kashmir Division on its
north, Kishtwar district in the northeast, Chamba area of Himachal Pradesh in the south,
Kathua district in the south, Udhampur district in the southwest and Ramban district in
the west. It has an area of 2625 Sq Kms.

15
 FINAL DPR GOHA KHELLANI ROAD VOLUME - III- MATERIAL REPORT
Consultancy Services for Preparation of Detailed Project Report and providing Pre-Construction activities in respect of the following
stretches on NH-244 (old NH-1B) in the State of Jammu & Kashmir. (i) Sudhmahadev – Dranga Tunnel of approx. length 4.5 Km and
its approach roads on Chenani – Sudhmahadev – Goha road portion. (ii) Vailoo Tunnel of approx. length 10.00 Km under Sinthan
Pass and its approach roads on Goha – Khellani – Khanabal road portion

The district can be classified by its climate as humid subtropical. There are most famous
mountain peaks in District Doda like Marble Pass, Nunkun on the Suru Border which rise
to a height of 2300 ft. above sea level. Two other famous peaks are Brahma and Moon
Sikle. It is the third largest in terms of Area after Leh & Kargil.

The District is endowed with vast wealth of natural beauty and resources. Full with
natural endowments, scenic splendour, places of tourist interest, Worship, round the
year snow cladded mountain peaks and challenging tracks allure the adventurers and
trekkers not only from India but also from abroad. The District has good potential for
tourism including pilgrim and adventure tourism owing to its captivating scenic
splendour, pilgrim centres and lofty mountain peaks. Monuments of archaeological
importance in the district include a fort at Bhadarwah, Bhandharkot fort in Kishtwar and
Ghajpat Qila at Ramban.

2.5 Rainfall

Across from the Pir Panjal range, the South Asian monsoon is no longer a factor and
most precipitation falls in the spring from southwest cloudbands. Because of its
closeness to the Arabian Sea, Srinagar receives as much as 635 millimetres (25 in) of
rain from this source, with the wettest months being March to May with around 85
millimetres (3.3 inches) per month. Across from the main Himalaya Range, even the
southwest cloudbands break up and the climate of Ladakh and Zanskar is extremely
dry and cold. Annual precipitation is only around 100 mm (4 inches) per year and
humidity is very low. In this region, almost all above 3,000 metres (9,750 ft) above sea
level, winters are extremely cold. In Zanskar, the average January temperature is −20 °C
(−4 °F) with extremes as low as −40 °C (−40 °F). All the rivers freeze over and locals
make river crossings during this period because their high levels from glacier melt in
summer inhibits crossing. In summer in Ladakh and Zanskar, days are typically a warm
20 °C (68 °F), but with the low humidity and thin air nights can still be cold.

2.6 Desk Study

The Consultant had detailed interaction with the local authorities about existing data-
base on quarries and material sources.

16
 FINAL DPR GOHA KHELLANI ROAD VOLUME - III- MATERIAL REPORT
Consultancy Services for Preparation of Detailed Project Report and providing Pre-Construction activities in respect of the following
stretches on NH-244 (old NH-1B) in the State of Jammu & Kashmir. (i) Sudhmahadev – Dranga Tunnel of approx. length 4.5 Km and
its approach roads on Chenani – Sudhmahadev – Goha road portion. (ii) Vailoo Tunnel of approx. length 10.00 Km under Sinthan
Pass and its approach roads on Goha – Khellani – Khanabal road portion

Quarry charts showing quarries normally supplying aggregates to the area were
collected. Plenty of identified borrow areas exist along the Project Road. Preliminary
information brought about an understanding of the future course of study and
investigation along the existing alignment, widening needs, proposed bypass
alignments, possible borrow areas, quarry areas, water sources etc.

2.7 Test and Specification

Laboratory tests on representative samples of various materials were performed

according to relevant Indian Standard (IS)/Indian Roads Congress (IRC) Publications.
AASHTO/BS Standards have been followed for tests for which IS/IRC standards are not
available.

3. INVESTIGATIONS ALONG ROAD ALIGNMENT

3.1 General

Investigation of subgrade along proposed road has been carried out to assess the
engineering characteristics of the available subgrade soil and of natural ground. This
also included determining and evaluating characteristics of available subgrade for
design of pavement, by means of in-situ and laboratory tests.

3.2 Scope of Investigation as per TOR

The requirements of TOR were met through the following steps:

 Digging of pits at every 5th km all along the proposed road alignment.

 Evaluation of existing soil underneath the proposed alignment pavement by testing

the soil sample in laboratory, collected from each pit.

 Evaluation of Borrow Earth for construction of embankment and subgrade by

testing the soil sample in laboratory, collected from each borrow location.

 Collection of aggregates samples (coarse and fine) and testing them in laboratory to
determine their engineering properties.

17
 FINAL DPR GOHA KHELLANI ROAD VOLUME - III- MATERIAL REPORT
Consultancy Services for Preparation of Detailed Project Report and providing Pre-Construction activities in respect of the following
stretches on NH-244 (old NH-1B) in the State of Jammu & Kashmir. (i) Sudhmahadev – Dranga Tunnel of approx. length 4.5 Km and
its approach roads on Chenani – Sudhmahadev – Goha road portion. (ii) Vailoo Tunnel of approx. length 10.00 Km under Sinthan
Pass and its approach roads on Goha – Khellani – Khanabal road portion

The following laboratory tests were conducted on the soil samples collected from each
pit and borrow areas.

• Grain Size Distribution (%age)

• Maximum dry density (MDD) (gm/cc)

• Optimum moisture content (OMC) (%age)

• Atterberg’s Limit (LL and PL) (%age)

• Free swelling index (%age)

• 4 days soaked CBR (%age)

3.3 Test pits on natural ground for new carriageway

The natural ground for the proposed new carriageway was investigated by making
large pits (1m x 1m) made at pit locations. The pits were dug at every 5-km interval
staggered for new carriageway. The test pits were dug for about 0.3 m from the existing
ground level and from each pit a sample of about 40 kg was collected for following
laboratory tests:

- Field moisture content As per IS:2720, Part-2 - 1973

- Grain size analysis As per IS:2720, Part-4 - 1985

- Atterberg Limits As per IS:2720, Part-5 - 1985

- Maximum Dry density As per IS:2720, Part-8 - 1983

(heavy compaction)

- Optimum moisture content As per IS:2720, Part-8 - 1983

- CBR (4 days soaked) As per IS:2720, Part-16 - 1987

18
 DRAFT DPR GOHA KHELLANI ROAD VOLUME - III- MATERIAL REPORT
Consultancy Services for Preparation of Detailed Project Report and providing Pre-Construction activities in respect of the following stretches on NH-244 (old NH-1B) in the State of Jammu & Kashmir. (i)
Sudhmahadev – Dranga Tunnel of approx. length 4.5 Km and its approach roads on Chenani – Sudhmahadev – Goha road portion. (ii) Vailoo Tunnel of approx. length 10.00 Km under Sinthan Pass and its
approach roads on Goha – Khellani – Khanabal road portion

Table 3.1 Test Results of Natural Ground Soil

4-Days
Modified Soaked FSI Atterberg's limit
Gradation (% passing) Classification %
Proposed Proctor CBR (%) (%)
S.
Chainage (%)
No.
(km) 100 Silt
MDD OMC 75 19 4.75 2.00 425 75
WL WP IP Gravel Sand &
(gm/cc) (%) mm mm mm mm µm µm
mm Clay
12+870
1 2.140 7.00 11.20 20 19 12 7 100 100 100 90 70 51 29 SM-SC 10 61 29
17+870
2 2.090 8.00 9.7 15 18 14 4 100 100 94 85 69 57 31 SM-SC 15 54 31
19+120
3 2.070 9.20 10.7 15 19 13 6 100 100 100 97 95 85 32 SM-SC 3 65 32

4 21+790 2.100 7.00 11.0 5 NP NP NP 100 100 100 96 87 67 17 SM 4 79 17

22+420
5 2.068 8.70 10.8 10 NP NP NP 100 100 100 95 92 86 37 SM 5 58 37
22+920
6 2.180 7.60 10.3 5 NP NP NP 100 100 100 91 89 82 29 SM 9 62 29
23+420
7 2.065 8.50 11.20 15 20 13 7 100 100 100 97 95 82 34 SM-SC 3 63 34
23+920
8 2.700 8.90 11.50 10 NP NP NP 100 100 100 95 92 86 34 SM 5 61 34
28+205
9 2.190 8.60 11.80 5 NP NP NP 100 100 100 91 89 82 30 SM 9 6 30
29+774
10 2.084 8.40 11.30 5 NP NP NP 100 100 100 87 84 77 39 SM 13 48 39

19
 DRAFT DPR GOHA KHELLANI ROAD VOLUME - III- MATERIAL REPORT
Consultancy Services for Preparation of Detailed Project Report and providing Pre-Construction activities in respect of the following
stretches on NH-244 (old NH-1B) in the State of Jammu & Kashmir. (i) Sudhmahadev – Dranga Tunnel of approx. length 4.5 Km and
its approach roads on Chenani – Sudhmahadev – Goha road portion. (ii) Vailoo Tunnel of approx. length 10.00 Km under Sinthan
Pass and its approach roads on Goha – Khellani – Khanabal road portion

Summary of test results is presented in Table 3.2.

Table 3.2 Summary of Test Results on Compaction of Existing Subgrade Soil

Plasticity Index MDD OMC

Value
(%) (g/cc) (%)
Maximum 7.0 2.70 9.20
Minimum 4.0 2.065 7.00
Average 6.0 2.169 8.19
It is observed that MDD of subgrade soil is greater than 20.065 kN/m3 at all chainages
satisfying the design requirements as per MoRT&H clause 305.2.1.5.

Laboratory California Bearing Ratio (CBR)

CBR at 97% of MDD along the chainage varies from 9.70 to 11.80 which is also plotted
in Fig 3.2 for better appreciation of the subgrade strength variations all along the road.

A detailed study of the results of the investigations (data in Table 3.2, plot in Fig. 3.2
and soil grain distribution is given in Fig. 3.3) shows that:

 The subgrade soil CBR value varies from 9.70 to 11.80. Hence minimum CBR
value of 10% is taken.

Fig. 3.2 Comparative Plot of Moisture Content & CBR at 97% MDD of Existing Subgrade
Soil

20
 DRAFT DPR GOHA KHELLANI ROAD VOLUME - III- MATERIAL REPORT
Consultancy Services for Preparation of Detailed Project Report and providing Pre-Construction activities in respect of the following
stretches on NH-244 (old NH-1B) in the State of Jammu & Kashmir. (i) Sudhmahadev – Dranga Tunnel of approx. length 4.5 Km and
its approach roads on Chenani – Sudhmahadev – Goha road portion. (ii) Vailoo Tunnel of approx. length 10.00 Km under Sinthan
Pass and its approach roads on Goha – Khellani – Khanabal road portion

Fig. 3.3 Soil Grain Distribution at different locations

4. INVESTIGATION OF BORROW EARTH FOR EMBANKMENT AND SUBGRADE

4.1 General

Investigation of borrow earth for road construction has been carried out to identify the
potential sources of embankment fill material and subgrade material for the new
alignment and to assess their general availability and suitability for use in road and
construction works.

Since the road section in the project is proposed to be constructed by cutting hills
therefore the earth required for embankment fill, subgrade fill and Shoulder fill shall be
done by using the cut material from roadway.

Therefore, investigation of soil from the cut has been done.

4.2 Objectives

The investigation on Existing ground soil were carried out with the following basic
objectives:

 Source location indicating places, kilometer stone and lead distances.

21
 DRAFT DPR GOHA KHELLANI ROAD VOLUME - III- MATERIAL REPORT
Consultancy Services for Preparation of Detailed Project Report and providing Pre-Construction activities in respect of the following
stretches on NH-244 (old NH-1B) in the State of Jammu & Kashmir. (i) Sudhmahadev – Dranga Tunnel of approx. length 4.5 Km and
its approach roads on Chenani – Sudhmahadev – Goha road portion. (ii) Vailoo Tunnel of approx. length 10.00 Km under Sinthan
Pass and its approach roads on Goha – Khellani – Khanabal road portion

 Ownership of land (Government or Private).

 Testing of existing ground soil to assess the quality of materials along with their
classification details and evaluation for their suitability.

 Probable use indicating the likely use of soils at various stages of construction
work, i.e. fill material/ subgrade.

4.3 Laboratory Testing

About 40 kg of representative samples were collected from each borrow area after
removing the upper 300mm of natural ground.

Laboratory tests carried out on each borrow sample are as follows:

- Grain size analysis As per IS:2720 Part-IV - 1985

- Atterberg Limits As per IS:2720 Part-V – 1985

- Maximum Laboratory Dry Density As per IS:2720 Part-VIII - 1983

- Optimum Moisture Content As per IS:2720 Part -VIII -

1983

- CBR (4 days soaked) at the specified As per IS:2720 Part-XVI - 1987

compaction level of 97% MDD

22
 DRAFT DPR GOHA KHELLANI ROAD VOLUME - III- MATERIAL REPORT
Consultancy Services for Preparation of Detailed Project Report and providing Pre-Construction activities in respect of the following stretches on NH-244 (old NH-1B) in the State of Jammu & Kashmir. (i)
Sudhmahadev – Dranga Tunnel of approx. length 4.5 Km and its approach roads on Chenani – Sudhmahadev – Goha road portion. (ii) Vailoo Tunnel of approx. length 10.00 Km under Sinthan Pass and its
approach roads on Goha – Khellani – Khanabal road portion

TABLE 4.1 Test Results for Borrow Area (Excavated Soil) Material

4-Days
Modified Soaked FSI Atterberg's
Gradation (% passing) Classification %
Proposed Proctor CBR (%) limit (%)
S.
Chainage (%)
No.
(km) 100 Silt
MDD OMC 75 19 4.75 2.00 425 75
WL WP IP Gravel Sand &
(gm/cc) (%) mm mm mm mm µm µm
mm Clay
12+870
1 2.140 7.00 11.20 20 19 12 7 100 100 100 90 70 51 29 SM-SC 10 61 29
17+870
2 2.090 8.00 9.7 15 18 14 4 100 100 94 85 69 57 31 SM-SC 15 54 31
19+120
3 2.070 9.20 10.7 15 19 13 6 100 100 100 97 95 85 32 SM-SC 3 65 32

4 21+790 2.100 7.00 11.0 5 NP NP NP 100 100 100 96 87 67 17 SM 4 79 17

22+420
5 2.068 8.70 10.8 10 NP NP NP 100 100 100 95 92 86 37 SM 5 58 37
22+920
6 2.180 7.60 10.3 5 NP NP NP 100 100 100 91 89 82 29 SM 9 62 29
23+420
7 2.065 8.50 11.20 15 20 13 7 100 100 100 97 95 82 34 SM-SC 3 63 34
23+920
8 2.700 8.90 11.50 10 NP NP NP 100 100 100 95 92 86 34 SM 5 61 34
28+205
9 2.190 8.60 11.80 5 NP NP NP 100 100 100 91 89 82 30 SM 9 6 30

10 29+774 2.084 8.40 11.30 5 NP NP NP 100 100 100 87 84 77 39 SM 13 48 39

23
 DRAFT DPR GOHA KHELLANI ROAD VOLUME - III- MATERIAL REPORT
Consultancy Services for Preparation of Detailed Project Report and providing Pre-Construction activities in respect of the following stretches on NH-244 (old NH-1B) in the State of Jammu & Kashmir. (i)
Sudhmahadev – Dranga Tunnel of approx. length 4.5 Km and its approach roads on Chenani – Sudhmahadev – Goha road portion. (ii) Vailoo Tunnel of approx. length 10.00 Km under Sinthan Pass and its
approach roads on Goha – Khellani – Khanabal road portion

4-Days
Modified Soaked FSI Atterberg's
Gradation (% passing) Classification %
Proposed Proctor CBR (%) limit (%)
S.
Chainage (%)
No.
(km) 100 Silt
MDD OMC 75 19 4.75 2.00 425 75
WL WP IP Gravel Sand &
(gm/cc) (%) mm mm mm mm µm µm
mm Clay

24
 DRAFT DPR GOHA KHELLANI ROAD VOLUME - III- MATERIAL REPORT
Consultancy Services for Preparation of Detailed Project Report and providing Pre-Construction activities in respect of the following
stretches on NH-244 (old NH-1B) in the State of Jammu & Kashmir. (i) Sudhmahadev – Dranga Tunnel of approx. length 4.5 Km and
its approach roads on Chenani – Sudhmahadev – Goha road portion. (ii) Vailoo Tunnel of approx. length 10.00 Km under Sinthan
Pass and its approach roads on Goha – Khellani – Khanabal road portion

4.3.1 Results

Laboratory test results of soil samples from borrow areas are provided in Table 4.1. It
is found that the type of soil found are to SM and SM-SC i.e. Silty Sand with gravel &
Silty Sand having some portion of clay respectively.

4.4 Evaluation of Test Results

The laboratory test results show that the soil taken for testing fall under SM and SM-SC
class as per IS classification. Compaction test (heavy compaction) results indicate that
maximum dry density is between 2.065 gm./cc and 2.700 gm./cc and Optimum
Moisture Content is between 7.00 % and 9.20%. Laboratory California Bearing Ratio
test was carried out on the soaked (4 days) samples compacted to 97% MDD, and the
value is found to be varies between 9.70 to 11.80.

From the type of soil locally available in the area, and their engineering characteristics
ascertained from laboratory test results (Tables 4.1), the following inferences /
recommendations are made:

In initial assessment, ten borrow areas were found and material brought from them for
its testing in laboratory. Material of borrow areas is also tested for above mentioned
tests. Results from borrow area is given in this chapter. The key observation is however
given below:

4 days soaked CBR for ten samples is between 9.70% to 11.80%.

5. QUARRY MATERIALS FOR CONSTRUCTION

5.1 General

This chapter describes the investigations made by the Consultants for locating suitable
quarries/material sources for supply of aggregates and sand for use in different
pavement courses.

25
 DRAFT DPR GOHA KHELLANI ROAD VOLUME - III- MATERIAL REPORT
Consultancy Services for Preparation of Detailed Project Report and providing Pre-Construction activities in respect of the following
stretches on NH-244 (old NH-1B) in the State of Jammu & Kashmir. (i) Sudhmahadev – Dranga Tunnel of approx. length 4.5 Km and
its approach roads on Chenani – Sudhmahadev – Goha road portion. (ii) Vailoo Tunnel of approx. length 10.00 Km under Sinthan
Pass and its approach roads on Goha – Khellani – Khanabal road portion

It also brings out the results of laboratory tests carried out on representative samples
from the identified quarries / material sources, and based on evaluation of the results,
makes recommendations on the suitability of the materials for different purposes.

5.2 Objectives

The investigations for the materials were carried out with the following objectives:

 Source location indicating the place name, the type of access road and the distance
of the source from the Project Road.

 Assessing engineering properties of representative samples of materials from the

identified sources through laboratory tests.

 Evaluation of test results for making recommendations on the use of the materials
for various purposes.

5.3 Location and Description of Aggregate Quarries

The exercise started with a study of the geological and topo maps of the area to identify
possible sources for aggregates. Side by side, discussions were also held with the
officials of local NH division and local contractors about the traditional sources for
supply of aggregates in the project area. This was followed by site visits to possible
quarry sites.

The collected information indicated that a number of quarries have been supplying
aggregates to recently completed or ongoing major road projects in the area.

And the aggregate quarry selected for the project road is located at Ghat (Near Doda)
which is around 29 km from the plant location.

5.4 Laboratory Tests

Representative Samples of stone aggregates collected from the quarries have been
subjected to the following laboratory tests:

26
 DRAFT DPR GOHA KHELLANI ROAD VOLUME - III- MATERIAL REPORT
Consultancy Services for Preparation of Detailed Project Report and providing Pre-Construction activities in respect of the following
stretches on NH-244 (old NH-1B) in the State of Jammu & Kashmir. (i) Sudhmahadev – Dranga Tunnel of approx. length 4.5 Km and
its approach roads on Chenani – Sudhmahadev – Goha road portion. (ii) Vailoo Tunnel of approx. length 10.00 Km under Sinthan
Pass and its approach roads on Goha – Khellani – Khanabal road portion

i) Aggregate Impact Value As per IS : 2386 (Part – 4)

ii) Specific Gravity As per IS : 2386 (Part - 3)

iii) Water Absorption As per IS : 2386 (Part – 3)

Results of the laboratory tests for coarse and fine aggregates are provided in Table 5.1
& 5.2 respectively.

Table 5.1 Test Results of Coarse Aggregates

Coarse Aggregate
Sample ID AIV* Water Absorption Specific Gravity FI & EI
Agg-01/10 mm 25 1.05 2.620 74.4
Agg-01/20 mm 23 0.90 2.658 48.6
Agg-02/10 mm 22 1.00 2.642 67.4
Agg-02/20 mm 23 0.85 2.689 38.9
Agg-03/10 mm 21 0.95 2.652 51.8
Agg-03/20 mm 25 0.80 2.724 44.1
Agg-03/40 mm 26 0.50 2.859 44.9
Agg-04/10 mm 25 0.90 2.702 46.2
Agg-04/20 mm 28 0.60 2.758 28.7
Agg-04/40 mm 26 0.40 2.982 16.1

27
DRAFT DPR GOHA KHELLANI ROAD VOLUME - III- MATERIAL REPORT
Consultancy Services for Preparation of Detailed Project Report and providing Pre-Construction activities in respect of the following
stretches on NH-244 (old NH-1B) in the State of Jammu & Kashmir. (i) Sudhmahadev – Dranga Tunnel of approx. length 4.5 Km and
its approach roads on Chenani – Sudhmahadev – Goha road portion. (ii) Vailoo Tunnel of approx. length 10.00 Km under Sinthan
Pass and its approach roads on Goha – Khellani – Khanabal road portion

28
 DRAFT DPR GOHA KHELLANI ROAD VOLUME - III- MATERIAL REPORT
Consultancy Services for Preparation of Detailed Project Report and providing Pre-Construction activities in respect of the following
stretches on NH-244 (old NH-1B) in the State of Jammu & Kashmir. (i) Sudhmahadev – Dranga Tunnel of approx. length 4.5 Km and
its approach roads on Chenani – Sudhmahadev – Goha road portion. (ii) Vailoo Tunnel of approx. length 10.00 Km under Sinthan
Pass and its approach roads on Goha – Khellani – Khanabal road portion

5.5 Results and Discussion on Aggregate Quarries

Quarry samples of different sizes were tested in laboratory. From the test results it is
observed that aggregates from quarry satisfies the specified limit for Aggregate Impact
Value and water absorption for use in pavement and concrete construction works.
However, combined flakiness and elongation indices poses limitation on choosing
quarry material for aggregates.

Flakiness and Elongation are affected by stratification of the rock and method of
crushing. In this case highly possible reason of flakiness and elongation is poor machine
adjustment or employing a high reduction ratio. However, flakiness has to be properly
controlled before use in construction works by adopting the following methods:

 Reducing the crushing ratio

 By fixing serrated type jaw plates

As the aggregates from the selected quarry satisfy the allowable limit of water
absorption, aggregate impact value and soundness for cement concrete works, these
are suitable for such work after taking precautionary measures for reducing combined
flakiness and elongation index. Hence it can be concluded that aggregates from selected
quarries can be used for WMM, BM, DBM, BC wearing course and also for concrete
construction based on different considerations for different layers, as per MoRT&H
specifications.

In addition, for the interpretation of the test results, the consultants would like to make
the following cautionary remarks:

 The resistance to wear depends not only on the hardness of the rock, but also
depends on the shape of the crushed material. The obtained shape (flakiness)
from the laboratory may differ considerably from the shapes obtained during
the execution

29
 DRAFT DPR GOHA KHELLANI ROAD VOLUME - III- MATERIAL REPORT
Consultancy Services for Preparation of Detailed Project Report and providing Pre-Construction activities in respect of the following
stretches on NH-244 (old NH-1B) in the State of Jammu & Kashmir. (i) Sudhmahadev – Dranga Tunnel of approx. length 4.5 Km and
its approach roads on Chenani – Sudhmahadev – Goha road portion. (ii) Vailoo Tunnel of approx. length 10.00 Km under Sinthan
Pass and its approach roads on Goha – Khellani – Khanabal road portion

of the works. On the other hand, samples are taken relatively from the surface of
a potential quarry. Normally, the quality improves, when the deeper rock is
excavated.

 The ‘AIV’ depends on the mineral composition and its formation at the stage of
solidification. The stripping value is also dependent of mineralogical
composition. Hydrophilic aggregates do not adhere to bitumen film causing de-
bonding.

Therefore, during construction, all the quarry locations be further investigated to

deeper depth and the frequency of these testing to be increased for more accurate
interpretation of the properties.

5.6 Sand Quarry

Sand can be made available from Thatri which is approximately 15 km from the plant
location. Sand samples were collected from this location. Location details and quantity
available are tabulated in Table 5.4. Representative samples from these sources have
been collected and tested for the following properties:

Grain size Analysis As per IS:2720 (Part 4)

Sp Gravity As per IS:2386 (Part 3)

Water Absorption As per IS:2386 (Part 3)

Test results of the sand samples are represented in Table 5.2.

From grain size analysis it can be observed that most of the sand samples fall in Zone I
as per IS:383 and good for concrete and pavement.

30
 DRAFT DPR GOHA KHELLANI ROAD VOLUME - III- MATERIAL REPORT
Consultancy Services for Preparation of Detailed Project Report and providing Pre-Construction activities in respect of the following
stretches on NH-244 (old NH-1B) in the State of Jammu & Kashmir. (i) Sudhmahadev – Dranga Tunnel of approx. length 4.5 Km and
its approach roads on Chenani – Sudhmahadev – Goha road portion. (ii) Vailoo Tunnel of approx. length 10.00 Km under Sinthan
Pass and its approach roads on Goha – Khellani – Khanabal road portion

Table 5.2 Test Results of Fine Aggregates

IS Sieve Size in mm (For Sand

Sample Silt & Clay Water Specific
Gradation) FM
ID Content (%) absorption (%) Gravity
10 4.75 2.36 1.18 0.6 0.3 0.15
Sand-01 100 98 92 76 62 32 9 2.31 8.5 1.25 2.64
Sand-02 99 90 80 43 28 13 3 3.44 2.5 1.02 2.702
Sand-03 100 100 98 70 51 27 9 2.46 9 1.21 2.642
Sand-04 100 99 98 81 63 34 10 2.16 10 1.00 2.685

31
 DRAFT DPR GOHA KHELLANI ROAD VOLUME - III- MATERIAL REPORT
Consultancy Services for Preparation of Detailed Project Report and providing Pre-Construction activities in respect of the following
stretches on NH-244 (old NH-1B) in the State of Jammu & Kashmir. (i) Sudhmahadev – Dranga Tunnel of approx. length 4.5 Km and
its approach roads on Chenani – Sudhmahadev – Goha road portion. (ii) Vailoo Tunnel of approx. length 10.00 Km under Sinthan
Pass and its approach roads on Goha – Khellani – Khanabal road portion

6. MANUFACTURED MATERIALS

6.1 General

Manufactured materials like cement, steel and bitumen are required for the
construction work. The Consultant has done detailed reconnaissance survey for
availability of these materials. Since the total requirement of these materials of this
Project Road in comparison to the total production in the country is not significant, the
procurement of these materials will not pose any problem.

6.2 Cement

The Cement will be getting from Gurdaspur District of Punjab. Ordinary Portland
Cement and with various grade of cement like 33, 43 & 53 type of Cement in various
brand like Birla, Ambuja, J K etc are available.

6.3 Steel

The required type of Steel is to be procured from the SAIL Authority in Jammu.

6.4 Bitumen

Bitumen (VG-30, VG-10) will be available from Panipat Refinery.

32
 DRAFT DPR GOHA KHELLANI ROAD VOLUME - III- MATERIAL REPORT
Consultancy Services for Preparation of Detailed Project Report and providing Pre-Construction activities in respect of the following
stretches on NH-244 (old NH-1B) in the State of Jammu & Kashmir. (i) Sudhmahadev – Dranga Tunnel of approx. length 4.5 Km and
its approach roads on Chenani – Sudhmahadev – Goha road portion. (ii) Vailoo Tunnel of approx. length 10.00 Km under Sinthan
Pass and its approach roads on Goha – Khellani – Khanabal road portion

6.5 Bitumen Emulsion

Sufficient quantity of bitumen emulsion for the project work would be available from
VeeKay Industries, SIDCO Industrial Estate, Bari Brahmana, Jammu.

6.6 Bearings

Bearings for the Bridge work is taken from Sanfield (India) Limited, Bhopal.

6.7 Expansion joint

Bearings for the Bridge work is taken from Sanfield (India) Limited, Bhopal.

6.8 Prestressing System

Prestressing System for Bridge work is taken from Freyssinet Prestressed Concrete
Company Ltd (Maharashtra).

7. OTHER CONSTRUCTION MATERIALS

7.1 Water

Water is an important constituent for both road and structural construction works.
During reconnaissance survey it was found that ground water was the main source of
catering the consumption need of the local population. It is noted that almost at every
village along the project road, water is being extracted from bore-wells, which is found
to be of potable quality. From all these it is concluded that adequate quantity of suitable
water will be available for implementation of project works.

7.2 Test of Water Sample

Water used for mixing and curing should be clean and free from injurious amount of
oils, acids, alkalis, organic material and any other substances that may deleterious to
concrete or steel. To check its suitability for the construction purpose, chemical
analysis of water has been carried out.

33
 DRAFT DPR GOHA KHELLANI ROAD VOLUME - III- MATERIAL REPORT
Consultancy Services for Preparation of Detailed Project Report and providing Pre-Construction activities in respect of the following
stretches on NH-244 (old NH-1B) in the State of Jammu & Kashmir. (i) Sudhmahadev – Dranga Tunnel of approx. length 4.5 Km and
its approach roads on Chenani – Sudhmahadev – Goha road portion. (ii) Vailoo Tunnel of approx. length 10.00 Km under Sinthan
Pass and its approach roads on Goha – Khellani – Khanabal road portion

For this, samples of water are collected from following three locations and tested in the
laboratory to determine the chemical properties.

 Thandha Pani

 Singpora

 Vailoo

Summarized Laboratory Test Results are given below:

Table7.1: Results of Chemical Analysis

7.3 Other Materials

Other specialized materials like high tensile strands for pre-stressing, bridge bearings,
road signs, road marking paints, retro reflective sheets etc. are available indigenously
in the major cities and specialized agencies are available to execute such works.

34