MODAL VERBS: ABILITY (CAN, CAN” COULD, COULDN'T, BE ABLE TO*) 1. Capacidad/habilidad en el presente: He can play the drums. (Sabe tocar la bateria). 2. Hacer sugerencias (informal): You can introduce her to my cousin. (Puedes presentarsela a mi primo). 3. Pedir favores 0 permiso (informal): Can I go to the toilet? (¢Puedo ir al bafio?) 4, Posibilidad: He can be very moody at times. (Puede ser muy temperamental a veces). CAN'T (= CAN NOT, CANNOT) 1. Incapacidad en el presente: | can’t swim. (No sé nadar). 2. Prohibicién: You can’t take your children with you. (No te puedes llevar a los nifios). 3. Certeza de que algo es imposible: That can’t be Paul. He’s in Ireland, (Ese no puede ser Paul. |Esté en {rlandal) COULD 1. Capacidad/habilidad en el pasado: He could play the drums. (Sabia tocar la bateria). 2. Hacer sugerencias (formal): You could try asking her for help. (Podrias probar a pedirle ayuda). 3. Pedir favores o permiso (formal): Could | go to the toilet? (2Podria ir al bafio?) ‘4. Posibilidad: He could meet new people at the party. (Podria conocer a gente nueva en Ia fiesta). COULDN'T (COULD NOT) 1. Incapacidad/inhabilidad en el pasado: | couldn't swim when | was 2. (No sabia nadar cuando tenfa 2 afios). *BE ABLE TO 1. Habilidad en presente, pasado, futuro, condicional, perfectos: He is able to play the drums. (Sabe / es capaz de tocar la bateria). Will you be able to go abroad alone? (cPodras/seras capaz de ir al extranjero solo? She had been able to tell him before the match finished. (Habia sido capaz de contérselo antes de que el partido terminara.) 2. Posibilidad: You will be able to meet my friend tomorrow. (Podras conocer a mi amigo mafiana). Y Complete the sentences using ability modals 1. 'msorry, but | help you 2. Andrew run very fast. He’s a champion! 3. Betsy says that she afford to buy a new sofa; she’s unemployed at the moment. 4, The suitcase was so heavy that Mary _ carry it. 5. Paul dance very well when he was younger, but now he do it any more. 6. Excuse me madam! Luse your phone? it’s important! 7. She come to the party yesterday. It was a pity! 8, They right. | was there and 1 saw everything. 9. When | was a baby, | speak. Now | speak Spanish, Valencian and English 10. If had more time, | travel more. Sesnsssnsne sss sceneseeasenemear seseesseeseseeseese oePROBABILITY (MAY, MAY NOT, MIGHT, MIGHT NOT) MAY 1. Probabilidad/posibilidad: Bardem may play the main character. (Puede que Bardem interprete el personaje principal.) 2. Pedir favores (formal): May | use your phone, please? {éPuedo usar su mévil, por favor?) MAY NOT 1. Improbabilidad/imposibilidad: Bardem may not play the main character. (Puede que Bardem no interprete el personaje principal.) MIGHT 1. Probabilidad/posibilidad de menor grado: Bardem might play the main character. (Bardem podria interpretar el personaje principal/ quizas Bardem interprete... 2. Probabilidad/posibilidad en el pasado: | thought you might fall. (Pensé que podrias caerte.) MIGHT NOT 1. Improbabilidad/imposibilidad: Bardem might not play the main character. (Bardem podria no interpretar el personaje principal/ quizés Bardem no interprete...) posibilidad en el pasado: | thought you might not go. (Pensé que no podria ir.) Y Translate into English 1. Puede que llueva mafiana 2. Podria lover mafiana. 3. éPuedo entrar? 4. Puede que no vaya a Londres este verano. 5. El podria no ser el numero uno. OFFERING HELP (WOULD, SHALL) WOULD (wouldn’t) 1. Hacer ofrecimientos, invitaciones: Would you like a drink? (éTe gustaria tomar algo?) 2. Expresar un deseo: | would like to have a sports car. (Me gustaria tener un coche deportivo.) 3. Pedir favores (formal): Would you give me some coffee, please? (éPodrias darme més café, por favor?) 4. Expresar el condicional: If | had more time, | would do it myself. (Si tuviera més tiempo, lo haria yo misma.) SHALL (12 pna. sg. o pl., en interrogativa) 1. Ofrecerse a hacer un favor: Shall | help you with the project? (¢Te ayudo con tu trabajo?) 2. Hacer sugerencias: Shall we go to the Eiffel Tower? (éVamos a la torre Eiffel?)OBLIGATION/ NECESSITY (MUST, *HAVE TO = *NEED TO) A MusT Pw 1. Obligaci6n / necesidad en el presente, cuando la obligacién fx impaie £& Yar, F * You must tell the police the truth. (Debes/tienes que decir la verdad a la policia.) é 2. Deduccién / certeza de que algo es cierto: Learning Japanese must be very difficult. (Aprender japonés debe de/tiene que ser muy dificil.) *HAVETO 1. Obligacién / necesidad en todos los tiempos, cuando la obligacién no fa impone la ley, Ia frase se suaviza: Do you have to leave now? (éTienes que/necesitas irte ya/ahora?) *NEED TO 1. Obligacién / necesidad en todos los tiempos: She needs to leave quickly. (Tiene que /necesita irse rapido.) LACK OF OBLIGATION /NECESSITY (*DON’T HAVE TO = NEEDN'T) *DON’T HAVE TO 1. Ausencia de obligacién o necesidad en todos los tiempos: She doesn’t have to wait for us. (No hace falta que nos espere/No tiene que /por qué esperarnos.) NEEDN'T 1. Ausencia de obligacién o necesidad en presente: She needn’t wait for us. (No hace falta que nos espere/No es necesario que nos espere.) PROHIBITION (MUSTN'T) MUSTN'T 1. Prohibicién, sobre todo con normas: You mustn't drive yet, you are too young. (No puedes conducir todavia/estd prohibido, eres demasiado joven.) ¥ Complete the sentences using have to in Past Simple or Future Simple to. express obligation or lack of obligation. 1. clyde practise every day if he wants to become a good pianist. 2. Elisa use Ed’s computer because she has bought a new one. 3. He...... + do all the housework himself. No one wanted to help him. 4. Cathy could walk to her office. She peeps to take the tube. 5. Andy go to the chemist’s. He wanted some aspirins. ADVICE/OPINION (SHOULD = OUGHT TO) SHOULD (shouldn't) 1. Dar consejo/opinion o reprochar: You should improve your pronunciation. (Deberias mejorar la pronunciacién.) You shouldn't drive so fast. (No bederias conducir tan répic OUGHT TO 1. Dar consejo/opinion o reprochar, Es poco frecuente, no se usa en neg. ni interrogativa: You ought to obey your father. (Deberias obedecer a tu padre.)SIMPLE MODAL VERBS: Can | Ability ‘She can sing opera Possibility can go with you. Informal request Can you help me with the bags? | Informal permission _ Can 1 go fo the party?, Could Past ability 1 could speak German when J Possibility was a child. Polite request They could help you with that. __Could you lend me money? May Possibility I may go to London this summer. Polte request or! May come in? permission | Might Possibility You might hurt you with that. Past possibilty J thought you might fall. Must Obligation or necessity You must be quiet here. Logical conclusion or} You must be tired. certainty |___Mustn't | Prohibition They mustn’t smoke here, | Have: Obligation or necessity | Ihave to do my homework. to! needto| I | Shouldi |" Advice You should eat healthier food. ought fo z = 7 Be able! Ability | “They are able to speak three to |__ languages. MODAL PERFECTS { Modat Uses Examples. ‘could have + past abiity; possibilty for He could have told me the participle something to have truth happened that didn't must have + past participle logical conclusion past event. about| They must have been busy all the afternoon. ~ maylmight have + past participle possibility, guess about an}He may visit us next event. month, should/ ought to have + participle regret that something didn't | We should have phoned happen. before. shouldn't have + past {participle regret about something} They shouldn't have happened treated us like that.FILL IN THE BLANKS WITH A SUITABLE MODAL VERB: may / might / can /can’t/ could / couldn't / must / mustn't should /have to / would / will / shall / need 1) Mozart ............ play the piano when he was 4 years old. 2) you do me a favour,please? ee .. Lclean the floor for you? 4) They be at the airport at 7.30am. 5) Lolita ..........play the clarinet quite well. 6) That womaa ....... be his mother,she’s too old! 7) Ithink you “smoke less,you have a bad cold. 8)... __.We go now or later? 9) you like to come to the cinema? 10) Visitors park in the garden,they have to park outside, 11)It took me hours,but finally I................find my purse, 12) They ~_..come to the party, they are not sure. 1B) We w....... pay attention now.Please,don’t talk. 14) you help me with my homework? 15) If you had come earlier, we ............-have gone to the museum. Now it’s too late 16)“ wwe go to La Glorieta?” “OK,good idea!” IY «Wear a uniform in this school,it's not necessary. 18) If it’s very cold today,we .............stay home and pley chess. 19) You ......-....-.1.6F088 the street when the traffic light is red 20)Helen ...... ‘come to the concert because she’s ill in bed. 21) Today is a holiday,we eeoeeess eget up early. 22) YOU verseseesssssn--rive carefully,it’s raining. 23) It's six o’ clock now,George finishes at 5.30,s0 he ... be at home already. 2A) os you come early tomorrow? 25) It's very late,T............-go now. 26)The thief ............have been wearing gloves because there arc no fingerprints. 27) m really tired ,I............work anymore. 28) If you need some food,you _-buy it at the comer shop;it’s open till 1pm. 29) IFT were as tall as you are F............become a basketball player. 30) finish this right now, haven't got anymore time. 31) Two students from Jaume I ............-be chosen to travel around Europe. 32) Sonia ... “have dinner with us tomorrow, but she’s not certain about it. 33) Leonard drink less on Saturday nights can't put up with his, vomits anymore 34) I'm very sorry but I...........-.come to your wedding, 35)Leila .............help you if you ask her. 36)My blankets are so dirty! T................wash them soon. 37)T was looking for my red jeans all afternoon,but [...............find them. 38) Johnny Depp ................be her favourite actor because she’s got lots of pictures of him on the wall, 39)*T've seen Charlic in a restaurant,but I didn’t say hello to him.” “That have been Charlie because he's away on a business trip.” 40) Lourdes ............ecome a great artist!Look at her pictures!They are very good and she’s only 13 years oldMODAL VERBS asking for favors / asking for permission / possibility / ry I Probab ity / logical deduction / negative deduction / ability / past abi future prediction / advice / obligation / absence of oblig 1) Lean swim very well He 2) Could you open the window, please? 3) Ihave to study harder. ee 4) You needn’t do it now, we have enough time. 5) You might pass the exam if you studied more. 6) They must have a lot of money because they are driving a" Ferrari 7) Leam't talk today,my throat is sore. _ 8) Students mustn’t smoke in the library, _ 9) You needn’t wait for me, you can go home. 10) That boy may be the one the police arrested last week._ 11) won't be able to go to your birthday party._ a 12) Would you like a cup of tea?__ 13)Can she play the guitar? 14) You should talk to your father tomorrow,he’s very angry.__ 15) Will you pass me salt,please?__, 6) It was so dark that I couldn't see anything. 17)My mother could swim when she was 5,but her parents can’t swim!_ 18) It may rain tomorrow. 19) May I come in,please?_ __ 20) You don’t have to get up early tomorrow,_ 21) Will you bring me the newspaper, please? _, L 22) They can’t be Spanish because their accent is really strange, 23) They have to make their beds before leaving. _ 24)My friends may visit us next Easter holidays. 25) They could give the project on time so they were very pleased. 26) We can’t go to the conference, 27)Can I sit here? _ a 28) I must be at the station very early tomorrow. 29) We promise we will come very soon, oe 30) We could play Trivial tonight oe 31) Would you open the window, please? 32) They can come tomorrow to help us. a 33) They will study in Germany when they are older._ 34) You should have driven more slovily. 35) could find the keys with my son's hel 36) Shall we go to the theatre? 37) It won't rain this afternoon. 38) They ean’t be at home,there are no cars in the garden and the lights are off 39)Can I borrow your dictionary?_ 40) Shall I carry your suitcase for you? 41) 1 think he might win the race he’s been training quite alot. 42)People can't park in this area,it’s not allowed, 43)Rebecca could be your guide while your are in London, ceeTranslate the following sentences into English. Use a suitable modal verb, 1 10, 1. 12, 13, 14, 15, 16. v7. 18. 19, 20, 21 22, Demana educadament a algu que et passe I Digues que pot ser que et donen la beca. ‘Convida a algd a anar a la discoteca amb tu. Digues al teu/a amic/ga que no deuria de conduir begut/da, Demana permis moit educadament per a entrar a l’aula Demana-li a alg que et deixe el boligraf roig. Promet que escriuras un correu a Sue prompte. Digues que esta prohibit fumar a institut. Digues que dema no has de treballar de vesprada. Digues a algii que creus que Marina deu ser molt timida perqué no ha dit ni una paraula, Demana educadament que et deixen 206. anar al cinema esta nit Sugeer Conta-lia algi que podries haber anat a la festa perd que no vas voler. Digues que no saps tocar cap instrument. Digues que has d’estar a les 3 en casa els dissabtes per la nit Digues que no cal que s‘alcem mati despuis dema Expressa que no deu ser molt tard perqué hi ha molts xiquets jugant al parc encara, Digues que potser conegues a David Bisbal la propera setmana perqué vindra a Ontinyent. Conta que podies caminarquan tenies 9 mesos. Aconsella a la teua germana que estudie més o suspendra l'assignatura. Digues que no vas poder trobar la casa d’Enrique. Digues que potser Maria vindra a dinar, perd que no és segur.