INTRODUCTION

TO ROBOTICS
IT 10/L
OBJECTIVES
• Define robot and robotics
• Discuss the history of robotics
• Enumerate the laws of robotics
• Identify the types of robots
• Discuss the importance and application of robots in various
industries such as medicine, manufacturing, research and
development, etc.
WHAT IS A ROBOT?
Robot, any automatically operated machine that replaces human
effort, though it may not resemble human beings in appearance or
perform functions in a humanlike manner.
By extension, robotics is the engineering discipline dealing with the
design, construction, and operation of robots.
DEFINITION
1. A robot is a reprogrammable, multifunctional manipulator
designed to move material, parts, tools or specialized devices
through variable programmed motions for the performance of a
variety of tasks: Robot Institute of America, 1979.
2. a machine that resembles a living creature in being capable of
moving independently (as by walking or rolling on wheels) and
performing complex actions (such as grasping and moving objects).
DEFINITION
2a. A device that automatically performs complicated, often
repetitive tasks (as in an industrial assembly line).
A robot is an autonomous machine capable of sensing its
environment, carrying out computations to make decisions, and
performing actions in the real world (ieee.org).
HISTORY
Word robot was coined by a Czech novelist Karel Capek in a 1920
play titled Rassum’s Universal Robots (RUR).
The modern term robot derives from the Czech word robota (“forced
labour” or “serf”), used in Karel Čapek’s play R.U.R. (1920).
HISTORY
The word robotics first appeared in Isaac Asimov’s science-fiction
story Runaround (1942).
Along with Asimov’s later robot stories, it set a new standard of
plausibility about the likely difficulty of developing intelligent robots
and the technical and social problems that might result.
HISTORY
The first stationary industrial robot was the programmable Unimate,
an electronically controlled hydraulic heavy-lifting arm that could
repeat arbitrary sequences of motions.
It was invented in 1954 by the American engineer George Devol and
was developed by Unimation Inc., a company founded in 1956 by
American engineer Joseph Engelberger.
THREE LAWS OF ROBOTICS
1. A robot may not injure a human being, or, through inaction, allow
a human being to come to harm.
2. A robot must obey the orders given it by human beings except
where such orders would conflict with the First Law.
3. A robot must protect its own existence as long as such protection
does not conflict with the First or Second Law.
TYPES OF ROBOTS (IEEE.ORG)

Aerospace: This is a broad category. It includes all sorts of flying robots—the SmartBird
robotic seagull and the Raven surveillance drone, for example—but also robots that can
operate in space, such as Mars rovers and NASA's Robonaut, the humanoid that flew to
the International Space Station and is now back on Earth.
TYPES OF ROBOTS (IEEE.ORG)

Consumer: Consumer robots are robots you can buy and use just for fun
or to help you with tasks and chores. Examples are the robot dog Aibo,
the Roomba vacuum, AI-powered robot assistants, and a growing variety
of robotic toys and kits.
TYPES OF ROBOTS (IEEE.ORG)

Disaster Response: These robots perform dangerous jobs like searching

for survivors in the aftermath of an emergency. For example, after an
earthquake and tsunami struck Japan in 2011, Packbots were used to
inspect damage at the Fukushima Daiichi nuclear power station.
TYPES OF ROBOTS (IEEE.ORG)

Drones: Also called unmanned aerial vehicles, drones come in different

sizes and have different levels of autonomy. Examples include DJI’s
popular Phantom series and Parrot’s Anafi, as well as military systems
like Global Hawk, used for long-duration surveillance.
TYPES OF ROBOTS (IEEE.ORG)

Education: This broad category is aimed at the next generation of

roboticists, for use at home or in classrooms. It includes hands-on
programmable sets from Lego, 3D printers with lesson plans, and even
teacher robots like EMYS.
TYPES OF ROBOTS (IEEE.ORG)

Entertainment: These robots are designed to evoke an emotional

response and make us laugh or feel surprise or in awe. Among them are
robot comedian RoboThespian, Disney’s theme park robots like Navi
Shaman, and musically inclined bots like Partner.
TYPES OF ROBOTS (IEEE.ORG)

Exoskeletons: Robotic exoskeletons can be used for physical

rehabilitation and for enabling a paralyzed patient walk again. Some have
industrial or military applications, by giving the wearer added mobility,
endurance, or capacity to carry heavy loads.
TYPES OF ROBOTS (IEEE.ORG)

Humanoids: This is probably the type of robot that most people think of
when they think of a robot. Examples of humanoid robots include Honda’s
Asimo, which has a mechanical appearance, and also androids like the
Geminoid series, which are designed to look like people.
TYPES OF ROBOTS (IEEE.ORG)

Industrial: The traditional industrial robot consists of a manipulator arm

designed to perform repetitive tasks. An example is the Unimate, the
grandfather of all factory robots. This category includes also systems like
Amazon's warehouse robots and collaborative factory robots that can
operate alongside human workers.
TYPES OF ROBOTS (IEEE.ORG)

Medical: Medical and health-care robots include systems such as the da Vinci
surgical robot and bionic prostheses, as well as robotic exoskeletons. A system
that may fit in this category but is not a robot is Watson, the IBM question-
answering supercomputer, which has been used in healthcare applications.
TYPES OF ROBOTS (IEEE.ORG)

Military & Security: Military robots include ground systems like Endeavor
Robotics' PackBot, used in Iraq and Afghanistan to scout for improvised
explosive devices, and BigDog, designed to assist troops in carrying heavy
gear. Security robots include autonomous mobile systems such as Cobalt.
TYPES OF ROBOTS (IEEE.ORG)

Research: The vast majority of today’s robots are born in universities and corporate
research labs. Though these robots may be able to do useful things, they’re primarily
intended to help researchers do, well, research. So although some robots may fit other
categories described here, they can also be called research robots.
TYPES OF ROBOTS (IEEE.ORG)

Self-Driving Cars: Many robots can drive themselves around, and an increasing
number of them can now drive you around. Early autonomous vehicles include
the ones built for DARPA’s autonomous-vehicle competitions and also Google’s
pioneering self-driving Toyota Prius, later spun out to form Waymo.
TYPES OF ROBOTS (IEEE.ORG)

Telepresence: Telepresence robots allow you to be present at a place without actually

going there. You log on to a robot avatar via the internet and drive it around, seeing
what it sees, and talking with people. Workers can use it to collaborate with colleagues
at a distant office, and doctors can use it to check on patients.
TYPES OF ROBOTS (IEEE.ORG)

Underwater: The favorite place for these robots is in the water. They
consist of deep-sea submersibles like Aquanaut, diving humanoids like
Ocean One, and bio-inspired systems like the ACM-R5H snakebot.
APPLICATIONS
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https://www.britannica.com/technology/robot-technology/images-
videos
REFERENCES
https://www.britannica.com/technology/robot-technology
https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/robot
https://robots.ieee.org/learn/types-of-robots/