Practical

Research 2 WEEK 1

Subject Teacher: Joanna Bondoc

Nature of Inquiry and
Research
Inquiry
Synonymous with the word ‘investigation,’ is the answer to this question.

This kind of examination through your HOTS or higher-order thinking strategies

of inferential, analytical, critical, creative, and appreciative thinking to discover
more understandable or meaningful things beyond such object of your inquiry.
Thinking in this manner makes you ask open ended questions to elicit views,
opinions, and beliefs of others in relation to your research. (Small 2012)

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Research
Research is a scientific, experimental, or inductive manner of thinking.

Cognitively driven terms like empirical, logical, cyclical, analytical, critical,

methodical, and replicable are the right descriptive words to characterize
research.

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 Aims of Research
Produce new knowledge or information.
The mass of data and information that we have today is a product of man’s constant search tor
significant facts and continuous investigation through the years. These pieces of information
may not necessarily be updated; hence, it is the task of the researcher to acquire the most up-
to-date and relevant information.

Utilize the new knowledge.

Knowledge should be applied and must not remain stagnant. The application of knowledge
could yield other facts. Learning can only find meaning and becomes more relevant when it is
used or applied.
 Aims of Research
Validate existing knowledge.
With the passing of time, an established fact or truth may be challenged or deconstructed.
Validation of an existing knowledge is necessary in order to render it credible and reliable.

Improve the investigator/researcher.

Doing research challenges the investigator to exercise his own creativity and skills. Through
independent study, the researcher may contribute to the growing body of knowledge. His initial
failures and frustrations in doing research could provide opportunities for growth, and help
improve himself in the process.
Activity: Inquiry or Research?
Indicate whether the following scenarios are Inquiry or Research.
1/4 sheet of yellow pad paper

1. A person wants to know the occupant of one condominium.

2. A student wants to know the medicinal effects of guava
leaves.
3. Mr. Cruz wants to know the technique to make his electric fan
function instantly.

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Activity: Inquiry or Research?
Indicate whether the following scenarios are Inquiry or Research

4. Professor Gomez wants to discover the impact of social

networking on his students’ learning abilities.
5. Aling Rosa wants to know the reason behind the decrease of
her sales for the day.
6. A business man wants to find out which between these two
marketing strategies: free tasting and attractive packaging,
could increase daily sales.
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Activity: Inquiry or Research?
Indicate whether the following scenarios are Inquiry or Research

7. A parent asked for the school tuition fee.

8. What is the name of your school?
9. A grandmother who is asking for a weather forecast
10. Are the people on Mars more advanced than the people on
Earth?

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Quantitative Research
Quantitative research is to say that research is a way of making any
phenomenon or any sensory experience clearer or more meaningful by
gathering and examining facts and information about such person, thing, place,
or event appealing to one's senses

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Quantitative Research
This uses mathematical operations of addition, subtraction, division, and
multiplication to study and express relationships between quantities or
magnitudes shown by numbers or symbols. Involving measurements and
amounts, quantitative research seeks to find answers to questions starting with
how many, how much, how long, to what extent, and the like. Answers to these
questions come in numerals, percentages, and fractions, among others. (Suter
2012; Russell 2013)

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Characteristics of Quantitative
Research
Quantitative research require's one's full attention on the object of their own
study. This is also described as objective research, in which it is analogous to
scientific or experimental thinking. Quantitative research is usually used in hard
sciences like physics, chemistry, biology, and medicine.

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Characteristics of Quantitative
Research
Large Sample Size. To obtain more meaningful statistical result, the data must come
from a large sample size.
Objectivity. Data gathering and analysis of results are done accurately, objectively,
and are unaffected by the researcher’s intuition and personal guesses.
Concise Visual Presentation. Data is numerical which makes presentation through
graphs, charts, and tables possible and with better conveyance and interpretation.
Faster Data Analysis. The use of a statistical tools gives way for a less time
consuming data analysis.

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Characteristics of Quantitative
Research
Generalized Data. Data taken from a sample can be applied to the population if
sampling is done accordingly, i.e., sufficient size and random samples were taken.
Fast and Easy Data Collection. Depending on the type of data needed, collection
can be quick and easy. Quantitative research uses standardized research
instruments that allow the researcher to collect data from a large sample size
efficiently. For instance, a single survey form can be administered simultaneously to
collect various measurable characteristics like age, gender, socio-economic status,
etc.

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Characteristics of Quantitative
Research

Reliable Data. Data is taken and analyzed objectively from a sample as a

representative of the population, making it more credible and reliable for
policymaking and decision making.
High Replicability. The Quantitative method can be repeated to verify findings
enhancing its validity, free from false or immature conclusions.

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Advantages of Quantitative Research
1. Very objective
2. Numerical and quantifiable data can be used to predict outcomes.
3. Findings are generalizable to the population.
4. There is conclusive establishment of cause and effect
5. Fast and easy data analysis using statistical software.
6. Fast and easy data gathering
7. Quantitative research can be replicated or repeated.
8. Validity and reliability can be established

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Disadvantages of Quantitative
Research
1. It lacks the necessary data to explore a problem or concept in depth.
2. It does not provide a comprehensive explanation of human experiences.
3. Some information cannot be described by numerical data such as feelings,
and beliefs.
4. The research design is rigid and not very flexible.
5. The participants are limited to choose only from the given responses.
6. The respondents may tend to provide inaccurate responses.
7. A large sample size makes data collection more costly.

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Kinds of Quantitative Research:
Descriptive
Descriptive design is used to describe a particular phenomenon by
observing it as it occurs in nature. There is no experimental manipulation,
and the researcher does not start with a hypothesis. The goal of
descriptive research is only to describe the person or object of the study.
An example of descriptive research design is “the determination of the
different kinds of physical activities and how often high school students
do it during the quarantine period.”

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Kinds of Quantitative Research:
Correlational Design

The correlational design identifies the relationship between variables.

Data is collected by observation since it does not consider the cause and
effect, for example, the relationship between the amount of physical
activity done and student academic achievement.

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Kinds of Quantitative Research:
A quasi-experimental design
A quasi-experimental design is used to establish the cause-and-effect
relationship of variables. Although it resembles the experimental design, the
quasi-experimental has lesser validity due to the absence of random selection
and assignment of subjects. Here, the independent variable is identified but not
manipulated. The researcher does not modify pre-existing groups of subjects.
The group exposed to treatment (experimental) is compared to the group
unexposed to treatment (control): example, the effects of unemployment on
attitude towards following safety protocol in ECQ declared areas.

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Kinds of Quantitative Research:
Experimental Design

Experimental design like quasi- experimental is used to establish the cause-

and-effect relationship of two or more variables. This design provides a more
conclusive result because it uses random assignment of subjects and
experimental manipulations. For example, a comparison of the effects of various
blended learning to the reading comprehension of elementary pupils.

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Importance of Quantitative
Research
Production of Result
Objective understanding of people, things, places, and
events in this world.
Use of reliable measurement instruments or statistical
methods.

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Quantitative vs. Qualitative

Quantitative vs. Qualitative

Quantitative vs. Qualitative
Quiz 1 Directions: In the space provided, write TRUE if the statement
describes quantitative research and FALSE if it is incorrect. 1/4
sheet of yellow pad paper.

1. Quantitative data can be presented using tables and graphs.

2. The results of quantitative research can be used to generalize and predict.
3. Quantitative research is flexible so at any stage, the study may change.
4. Quantitative data are more credible, reliable, and useful than qualitative
data.
5. The research study cannot be replicated or repeated because it is unique in
every case.

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Quiz 1 Directions: In the space provided, write TRUE if the statement
describes quantitative research and FALSE if it is incorrect. 1/4
sheet of yellow pad paper

6. Data are in the form of numbers and analyzed statistically.

7. Data analysis is an ongoing process. It can be done at any stage of the
process.
8. The behavior of the participants is observed and is critical to the analysis of
results.
9. Analysis of data is less time-consuming.
10. In quantitative research, the researcher participates and engages the
participants in the study

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WEEK 1

Thanks for
listening.
Subject Teacher: Joanna Bondoc