NAGA COLLEGE FOUNDATION

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Article Critique
In
Geology for Civil Engineering

John Carlo D.C Dayson BSCE 2A

Engr. Joel Molina

 Introduction……………………………………………………………….…….1-2

 Summary of the Article……………………………………………….………...2-4

 Critique…………………………………………………………………………...5

 Conclusion………………………………………………………………………..6

 Reference…………………………………………………………………………7

 Article………………………………………………………………….……...8-14
 Article Source Title:
Constraints on the depth, geometry and
kinematics of blind detachment faults
provided by fault-propagation folds: An
example from the Mesozoic fold belt of
South China.
 B. Introduction.

Propagation chevron folding and thrust faulting are features of the South China

Mesozoic multi-layered thin-skinned fold belt. We use faults and folds that crop out along a

well-defined cross-section to analyze the geometry and depth of blind detachment faults in

this belt. The geometry and depth of the detachment faults are estimated using new equations

that combine several parameters, including the back limb dip angle, the inter-limb angle, the

height of the anticline, the thickness of the referenced layer, the width of the anticline, and

the thickness-change ratio of layering within the forelimb. The Huangdushan chevron

anticline's specifications in the cross-section show a blind fault with a ramp angle of 42 and a

segment that is flattened at a depth of 4.9 km. We interpret this blind fault as a back thrust

that occurred over an in-sequence imbricated duplex of Cambrian to Ordovician strata based

on the seismic data already available. A back thrust fault may also be seen in a chevron

anticlinal at Qiyueshan. However, at depths of 7.4 and 3.4 km, respectively, a large anticline

in Lengzhuba and a tiny cylindrical, sinusoidal anticline in Yupize demonstrate a flat-ramp-

flat detachment fault with flat segments, indicating that the Sinian strata were likely

thickened by an out-of-sequence imbricated duplex. Our findings show that the out-of-

sequence imbricated duplex and cylindrical sinusoidal folds were created by the flat-ramp-

flat detachment fault along the bottom of the Sinian strata. Back thrusts and accompanying

chevron anticlines were formed by the in-sequence imbricated duplex. We believe that the

Yangtze Block and North China Blocks colliding is what caused this fault-related fold belt.

This article was received on the date of March 7, 2008, and it was revised on the month of

October day 14 the same year when it was released. It was accepted on the day of 6 of the

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 month of November in the same year. Then it was published in the media or online what call

on the month of November also and in the same year.

Northwestern of the Yangtze Block is where the Mesozoic's multi-layer, thin-skinned,

fault-related fold belt is found in South China. The Late Paleozoic to Early Mesozoic

Qingluing-Dabie orogenic band and the Mesozoic-Cenozoic Songpan-Ganze orogenic belt to

the west and north, respectively, divide the Yangtze Block from the North China Block.

The metamorphic basement is made up of the Banxi Group and its counterparts from the

Yangtze Block, which are of Meso- to Neoproterozoic age and is composed of a well-bedded

greywacke-slate succession. The majority of the sedimentary cover is made up of strongly

folded Sinian layers made up of tillites and limestones, as well as folded Paleozoic and

Lower Mesozoic strata of shallow-marine origin. The Sinian strata are followed in age by

strata of black shale, sandstone, and limestone interbedded with dolostone from the

Cambrian, thick-bedded limestone from the Ordovician interbedded with argillaceous

siltstone from the Silurian, fine-grained sandstone from the Devonian, clastic rocks and

limestones from the Carboniferous, and carbonate-rich rocks from the Permian. Thin layers

of limestone are found in the Triassic strata, along with marl and shale. Continental clastic

sequences make up all of the strata from the Jurassic, Cretaceous, and Cenozoic periods.

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 C. Summary.

The fault-propagation fold parameters can be used to calculate the blind fault parameters

of a, f0, h0, and TP. These fault parameters are sufficient to constrain the exact location,

geometry, and kinematic characteristics of the blind detachment fault in the thin-skinned

fold-propagation model. Anticline parameters from the variable fold types in the geological

section are applied to determine the geometry and depth of the detachment fault. All thrust

faults have increasing displacement along the ramp, constant displacement along the flat, and

a reference point near or at the point of origin in the displacement–distance graphs. These

graphs show the characteristics of propagation folds over a flat ramp-type thrust fault,

although the exact points have been eroded for some of the outcropping faults.

The detachment fault along the base of the Sinian strata dominates the multi-layer, fault-

related fold system due to the lithological contrast between the Sinian strata and the basement

rocks of the Banxi Group. The floor thrust and roof thrust dip down the transport direction at

the southeast end, related to the overall gentle northwest dip on the surface. Geometrical data

and depth constraints on detachment faults provided in this paper allow a 3-stage kinematic

model for the deformation.

The first stage involves the formation of a chevron anticline on the hanging wall by a

flat-ramp-flat type thrust fault in which the fault tip is located at the inflection point.

The second stage is the gradual change from a chevron anticline to a box or open

anticline as the fault tip moves away from the inflection point along the flat, and a new

chevron anticline is formed by the next ramp.

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 The final stage involves the formation of the fault-related fold style. The southeast-

directed counterforce resulted in the formation of an in-sequence imbricate.

The development of the Mesozoic detachment faults has significant implications for the

origin of the Mesozoic fault–fold belt in South China. Hsu proposed a Mesozoic continental

collision between the Yangtze and Cathaysian Blocks involving the over thrusting of a

Mesozoic ophiolite onto the foreland thrust belt to explain the observed deformation, but this

model is not well supported by the geological evidence. Li and Li have recently proposed a

flat-slab subduction model for Mesozoic South China to explain the development of a broad

intra-continental origin. Yan proposed a Mesozoic intra-continental orogeny in South China,

which is further supported by our study. This event was produced by a collision between

South China and North China Blocks which took place in a scissor-like fashion along the

east–west-trending Qinling-Dabie suture zone.

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 D. Critique.

The material shows its purpose from the start until the end. And in this article, I have

proposed to be used to write a critique you will see different names of a person that are

involved in writing this article and also to prove to the readers that the info that is written on

it is not just rumored what we call. As I’ve said earlier the material shows its purpose

because it has strong pieces of evidence that can prove its legitimacy. You can see a lot of

diagrams that show happenings, and formulas that the writers use on calculation. By the

diagram given on the material that I used, I see many active fault lines many years later. It is

good for some professional engineers to know this kind of info because as engineers they

need to know if in the area that they are going to build some infrastructure like houses,

buildings, etc. they needed to check first if there is an active fault line. And I see the purpose

of this material is to inform not just engineers but us the people of our society need to be

aware of this kind of information because sooner or later it is a big advantage to you and for

your family’s safety. I can say that it is a shred of good evidence that this article has a

purpose.

And in the depth and geometry of blind thrust, faults can be constrained by fault-

propagation fold parameters, such as rear limb dip angle, inter-limb angle, the height of the

anticline, thickness of the referenced layer, width of the anticline, and thickness change ratio

of layering inside the forelimb. This method is used to investigate the South Chinese thin-

skinned, multi-layer thrust system, which is distinguished by chevron anticlines and

synclines connected to thrust faults. The in-sequence imbricated duplex's back thrusting and

overprinting produced the chevron anticlines, whereas the out-of-sequence imbricated

duplex's thickening and rising produced the cylindrical sinusoidal folds.

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 E. Conclusion.

To conclude this critique and to explain further some unfamiliar words that lead to the

reader to hardly understand the concept of this article. These are the unfamiliar words that

you may encounter anticline, imbricated duplex, and many more. That I think needed to

expand the meaning of this word or to be exact change the words that the other readers hard

to appreciate or understand.

To the intent of this material now I prove that it is not appropriate or suitable to all

readers who encounter this material because if your profession is not aligned with this kind

of mastery how would you understand this material? For example, you are a professional

nurse, or let’s say you are just a normal person now how would you intend to understand it?

And there are a lot of formulas used in the material also diagrams. And there is some point

that you wouldn’t analyze the language used in the material. But the content of this material

is complete and somehow precise. It also gives good evidence and info that may be used by

the reader who is a line with this profession.

Lastly, as I can imagine while I am reading this article as a reader this material might be

considered a subjective outline. Because it is mixed of opinions and viewpoints of different

people or authors what we call. And there are some bias points because the reader who can

understand this material is the one who is aligned with their profession with the topic of this

material. And I would recommend this piece to all engineers with structural mastery.

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 F. Reference

Link:https://www.researchgate.net/publication/281221687_Journal_of_Structural_Geology

Journal of Structural Geology | ScienceDirect.com by Elsevier (www.elsevier.com/locate/jsg)

Dan-Ping Yan, on 20 September 2018.

Bing Zhang

Mei-Fu Zhou, The University of Hong Kong

Guoqing Wei

Hong-Lin Song

Shao-Feng Liu

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