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Operation 1

An operational amplifier, or op-amp, is a high-gain differential amplifier with high input impedance and low output impedance. It is used to provide voltage and polarity changes, in oscillator, filter, and instrumentation circuits. An op-amp contains multiple differential amplifier stages to achieve very high voltage gain. It has two inputs - plus and minus - and one output, with the output polarity depending on which input the signal is applied to. Op-amps can be used in single-ended or double-ended (differential) input modes, with differential input providing noise cancellation by amplifying the difference between inputs while rejecting their common signal. Common op-amp circuits include inverting amplifiers, non-inverting amplifiers

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Michelle Romul
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23 views

Operation 1

An operational amplifier, or op-amp, is a high-gain differential amplifier with high input impedance and low output impedance. It is used to provide voltage and polarity changes, in oscillator, filter, and instrumentation circuits. An op-amp contains multiple differential amplifier stages to achieve very high voltage gain. It has two inputs - plus and minus - and one output, with the output polarity depending on which input the signal is applied to. Op-amps can be used in single-ended or double-ended (differential) input modes, with differential input providing noise cancellation by amplifying the difference between inputs while rejecting their common signal. Common op-amp circuits include inverting amplifiers, non-inverting amplifiers

Uploaded by

Michelle Romul
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© © All Rights Reserved
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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OPERATION

AMPLIFIERS
ELECTRONIC DEVICES AND CIRCUIT THEORY
An operational amplifier, or op-amp,
is a very high gain differential amplifier with high
input impedance and low output impedance. Typical
uses of the operational amplifier are to provide
voltage amplitude changes (amplitude and polarity),
oscillators, filter circuits, and many types of
instrumentation circuits. An op-amp contains a
number of differential amplifier stages to achieve a
very high voltage gain.
Figure 10.1 shows a basic op-amp with two inputs
and one output as would result using a differential
amplifier input stage. Each input results in either
the same or an opposite polarity (or phase) output,
depending on whether the signal is applied to the
plus () or the minus () input, respectively.

Single-Ended Input
Single-ended input operation results when the input signal is connected to one input
with the other input connected to ground.

Double-Ended (Differential) Input


In addition to using only one input, it is possible to apply signals at each input—this
being a double-ended operation.
DOUBLE-ENDED OUTPUT
DOUBLE-ENDED OUTPUT
COMMON-MODE OPERATION
Ideally, the two inputs are equally amplified, and since they result in opposite-polarity
signals at the output, these signals cancel, resulting in 0-V output. Practically, a small
output signal will result.
COMMON-MODE REJECTION

A significant feature of a differential connection is that the signals that are opposite
at the inputs are highly amplified, whereas those that are common to the two inputs
are only slightly amplified—the overall operation being to amplify the difference
signal while rejecting the common signal at the two inputs. Since noise (any
unwanted input signal) is generally common to both inputs, the differential
connection tends to provide attenuation of this unwanted input while providing an
amplified output of the difference signal applied to the inputs.
DIFFERENTIAL AMPLIFIER CIRCUIT
DC BIAS
Let’s first consider the dc bias operation of the circuit of Fig. 10.9 . With ac inputs obtained from
voltage sources, the dc voltage at each input is essentially connected to 0 V, as shown in Fig. 10.10
. With each base voltage at 0 V, the common-emitter dc bias voltage is
AC OPERATION OF CIRCUIT
SINGLE-ENDED AC VOLTAGE GAIN
DOUBLE-ENDED AC VOLTAGE GAIN
A similar analysis can be used to show that for the condition of signals applied to both inputs, the
differential voltage gain magnitude is
COMMON-MODE OPERATION OF CIRCUIT
COMMON-MODE OPERATION OF CIRCUIT
USE OF CONSTANT-CURRENT SOURCE
PRACTICAL OMP-AMP
CIRCUITS
The op-amp can be connected in a large number of circuits to provide various
operating characteristics. In this section, we cover a few of the most common
of these circuit connections.
INVERTING AMPLIFIER
NONINVERTING AMPLIFIER
UNIT FOLLOWER
SUMMING AMPLIFIER
INTEGRATOR
DIFFERENTIATOR
OFFSET CURRENTS AND VOLTAGES
OFFSET CURRENTS AND VOLTAGES
THANK YOU!!
ELECTRONIC DEVICES AND CIRCUIT THEORY

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