VGN CHINMAYA VIDYALAYA

An Investigatory Project on

Calorimeter

SUBMITTED BY:
GOPIKA NAVANEETH U
(Roll no. 11A18)
 Certification
EXAM ROLL NO.

VGN CHINMAYA VIDYALAYA

(Sekkadu Main Road, Sekkadu, Avadi, Chennai – 600 071)

BONAFIDE CERTIFICATE
This is to certify that Gopika Navaneeth U of class XI-A has
performed the Physics Investigatory project title ‘CALORIMETER’
at
VGN CHINMAYA VIDYALAYA, AVADI during the academic year
2022-2023.
Submitted for Practical Exam held on ______________ at VGN
CHINMAYA VIDYALAYA, AVADI.

Teacher in-charge

Signature of Principal Signature of External

Examiner
 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

In the accomplishment of this project successfully, many people have

bestowed upon me their blessings and heart pledged support. I thank
all the people who have been concerned with the project.

Primarily, I would like to thank our Principal Smt. Latha

Ganesan,Vice Principal, Shri. Duraichandran and Physics teacher,
Shri. Muthamizh Selvan for their valuable guidance that helped me
patch this project and make it full proof success. Their instructions
have served a major contribution towards the completion of the
project.

Gopika Navaneeth U
 CALORIMETRY

Calorimetry is a field of science that studies the changes in the amount of heat
energy a body produces over time. All of us are aware that heat can be
considered a source of energy. The temperature of a body is a good indicator of
the amount of heat it contains. As a result, the higher the temperature, the bigger
the amount of heat energy a body has. As a result, in order to determine whether
a body has received or lost heat energy, we measure the temperature of the body
before and after the transfer. Temperature differences determine the amount of
heat energy that the body can generate or lose.

During a chemical reaction, calorimetry is the technique of measuring the

quantity of heat emitted or absorbed by the reaction product. It is possible to
identify whether a process is exothermic (in which heat is released) or
endothermic (in which heat is retained) by measuring the change in temperature
(absorbs heat). Additionally, calorimetry plays an important role in everyday life,
controlling the metabolic rates of individuals and, as a result, sustaining functions
such as body temperature. In order to measure the thermal changes that occur in
a body, a calorimeter is utilised. Calorimetry is widely used in the fields of
thermochemistry to calculate enthalpy, stability, heat capacity, and other
properties of substances such as water.
 Principle of Calorimeter

Consider any two different bodies such as one solid and one liquid in different
temperatures. Place the two different bodies such that both are in physical
constant. The observations give that the heat transformations occur from the
higher temperature body to the lower temperature body. This transformation
occurs until both bodies attain thermal equilibrium. The heat is released by the
higher temperature body and the heat is absorbed by the lower-temperature
body. Thus the energy is conserved in this process. The calorimeter also works
with the same principle. The main principle of the calorimeter is the law of
conservation of energy. The heat loss of one body is compensated by the heat
gained by another body.

The formula of Calorimeter with which it works:

From the conservation of the energy,

★ Heat loss = heat gain

★ q=mcΔt

Where,

➔ q denotes the measure of the transfer of heat

➔ m denotes the body mass
➔ c denotes the specific heat of the object
➔ Δt denotes the temperature change
 CALORIMETER: A DETAILED VIEW
A calorimeter is a device that is used to measure the heat produced by chemical
reactions or physical changes, as well as the heat capacity of a substance.
Differential scanning calorimetry, titration calorimetry, isothermal
microcalorimetry, and accelerated rate calorimetry are the most common types of
calorimeters used in research and industry. A thermometer is the most common
component of a standard calorimeter. Using the same thermometer as before,
this time it is attached to a metal container filled with water that is suspended
over a burning chamber.

The construction of the calorimeter contains vessels made up of good conductors

like metals. The composition of metallic vessels contains copper and aluminium
in major. The contents of the metallic vessel are facilitated for stirring with the
help of a stirrer. The heat loss in the stirrer is reduced with the help of an
insulated jacket around the stirrer. The thermometer is allowed to be inserted
through a small opening which is used to measure the thermal change that
occurs inside the calorimeter. In the inner part of the calorimeter, some sample of
fuel is used to burn. The metallic vessel contains water, when the fuel inside is
burnt, the water gets heated. The heat loss of the fuel is converted into the heat
gained by the water. That is, energy is conserved.
To increase the accuracy of results, heat loss can be terminated by the insulation
of the calorimeter instrument from the environmental conditions. The heat
change of the water is measured by using the inserted thermometer. The
readings are used to find the heat capacity of the water and the amount of
energy conserved inside the fuel.

There are different types of Calorimeters used in practice. Some of the

calorimeters are listed below: they are;

● Adiabatic calorimeters
● Constant pressure calorimeter
● Reaction calorimeters
● Differential scanning calorimeter
● Bomb calorimeters
 USES OF CALORIMETER

The real-life application of calorimetry can be seen in different fields of industries

and laboratories. Some examples of the practical calorimeters and their uses are
listed below:

● Differential scanning calorimeters are used to find the change in any

product's formula and its effects
● A reaction calorimeter is used to measure the heat generated by the
sensors in reactors.
● A constant pressure calorimeter helps us to measure the enthalpy change
in both physical and chemical methods.
● The adiabatic calorimeter is used to evaluate the runtime reactions.
● Bomb calorimeters are widely used in different kinds of fields. Some of the
fields are analysis of waste products, manufacture of cement, analysis of
fuel like coal and explosives, food and nutrition, research in animal feed
and so on. For example, the Oxygen bomb calorimeter has its usage in the
field of food testing by calculating the amount of heat in food which further
helps to determine the calorie of the food.
 BIBLIOGRAPHY

https://school.careers360.com/physics/calorimeter-to
pic-pge
https://unacademy.com/content/cbse-class-11/study-
material/physics/a-study-on-the-calorimetry/
https://chem.libretexts.org/Courses/Lansing_Commu
nity_College/LCC%3A_CHEM_161_-_General_Chemi
stry_Lab_I/Experiment_7%3A_Calorimetry
NCERT Class 11 Physics reader Volume 2