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Physics - 29

The document discusses vapor pressure, saturated and unsaturated vapor pressure, dew point temperature, absolute and relative humidity, dry and wet bulb hygrometer, and some practice problems involving calculating relative humidity and condensation. It defines key terms, provides examples, and includes links to additional resources.

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Raiyan Ibrahim
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
19 views

Physics - 29

The document discusses vapor pressure, saturated and unsaturated vapor pressure, dew point temperature, absolute and relative humidity, dry and wet bulb hygrometer, and some practice problems involving calculating relative humidity and condensation. It defines key terms, provides examples, and includes links to additional resources.

Uploaded by

Raiyan Ibrahim
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Vapor Pressure

Vapor Pressure
▪ Evaporation can be done at any temperature.
▪ By this, Vapor creates.
▪ And the pressure created by this Vapor, is called Vapor Pressure.
Saturated Vapor Pressure
▪ The maximum pressure that vapor can exert in an enclosed space at a given
temperature is called saturated vapor pressure.
Unsaturated Vapor Pressure
▪ If the vapor pressure in an enclosed space at a given temperature is less than the
maximum vapor pressure, then that pressure is called unsaturated vapor
pressure.
Saturated, Unsaturated Vapor and Temperature
▪ Increasing the temperature of a place increases the water vapor holding capacity
of that place and decreasing the temperature decreases the water vapor holding
capacity.
Saturated, Unsaturated Vapor and Temperature
Saturated, Unsaturated Vapor and Temperature
Dew Point Temperature
▪ The temperature at which the air of fixed volume is saturated by the water Vapor
present in it is the dew point temperature.
▪ At this temperature, the relative humidity of that given volume of air is 100%.
Dew Point Temperature
▪ When the temperature of a place decreases, the water vapor holding capacity of
that place decreases.
▪ As the temperature gradually decreases, the atmosphere of a certain
temperature is saturated by the present water vapor of that place.
▪ This temperature is the dew point temperature.
▪ At this temperature, the relative humidity of that given volume of air is 100%.
▪ At this temperature, the water vapor in the air just begins to condense into dew.
Dew Point Temperature & Relative Humidity
Temperature: 25°C Temperature: 20°C Temperature: 𝟏𝟓°𝐂
Capacity: 25gm Capacity: 20gm Capacity: 15 gm

15gm 15gm 15gm

Temperature: 10°C
Capacity: 12 gm

12gm,
3gm dew
Dew Point Temperature & Relative Humidity
▪ But, these are Metaphoric Concepts !

▪ Dews are not formed like this in real life.

▪ If you want to learn more, here is the link !!


• LINK:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xLeinKZ9dDc&list=PLxSt9YDBipm7TL51grvvp2xWcirDHUGV8&index=7
Absolute Humidity
▪ The mass of water Vapor present in unit volume of air is the absolute humidity of
that place.

• Unit:

• Dimension:
Relative Humidity
▪ The ratio of the mass of water Vapor present at a fixed volume of air at a particular
temperature to the mass of water Vapor required to saturate the same volume of
air at the same temperature.
Poll Question-01

❑ When the relative humidity of the air is low, air -

(a) will absorb sweat

(b) will not absorb sweat

(c) will absorb sweat first but not absorb later

(d) Has nothing to do with sweat.


Relative Humidity
𝐦
▪ Relative Humidity, R = × 𝟏𝟎𝟎%
𝐌

m = Mass of water Vapor in a fixed volume of air at the temperature of the air = Mass of saturated
water Vapor in dew point temperature.

M = The mass of water Vapor required to saturate the same volume of air at the same
temperature

• NOTE: Water vapor pressure is proportional to the mass of water vapor.


• m∝f
• M∝F
Relative Humidity
𝐦
▪ R= × 𝟏𝟎𝟎%
𝐌

𝐦𝐟
• R= × 𝟏𝟎𝟎%
𝐌𝐅

𝐟
▪ R= × 𝟏𝟎𝟎%
𝐅
Dry & Wet Bulb Hygrometer
▪ 𝛉𝟏 − 𝛉 = 𝐆 ( 𝛉𝟏 − 𝛉𝟐 )
• Temperature of Dry Bulb – Dew Point Temperature = Glaisher’s factor
(Temperature of Dry Bulb − Temperature of Wet Bulb)
Poll Question-02
❑ Which indicates the greater difference between dry and wet bulb temperatures?

(a) High Relative Humidity

(b) Low Relative Humidity

(c) High Dew Point Temperature

(d) Low Dew Point Temperature


Practice Problem
▪ In wet and dry bulb hygrometer, the readings of wet and dry bulb are 30C and
25C respectively. Determine relative humidity of air at that place. [At 30C,
Glaisher’s factor is 1.65 and saturated vapor pressures at 26C, 28C, 30C
temperatures are respectively 25.2510−3 𝑚, 28.4510−3 𝑚 and 31.8510−3 𝑚( Hg)]
Practice Problem
▪ At place A, air temperature is 18.5o C and relative humidity is 52.8%. Another day
the air temperature of a lake at place B is equal to that of place A and dew point is
7.4o C. Saturated vapor pressures at 7o C, 8o C, 18o C & 19°C temperatures are
respectively 7 × 10−3 m, 9 × 10−3 m, 15 × 10−3 m & 16 × 10−3 m mercury.
[HSC-2019]

• At which place of stem, a person will feel more comfortable? Explain with
mathematical explanation.
SPECIAL Practice Problem
▪ Air at a place has a temperature of 26C and 50% relative humidity. If the
temperature of that place decreases to 18C, what percentage of the moisture
present in air will condense forming liquid water ? [Saturated Vapor pressure at
26C and 18C are 24 mm and 10 mm of Hg]
Sample CQ
❖ The temperature and relative humidity of a closed room are respectively 30C and
60%. At that time, outside temperature and relative humidity were respectively 10C
and 75%. The saturated vapor pressures at 30C and 10C temperatures are
respectively 33.66mmHg and 9.8mmHg.
(a) What is relative humidity? 1
(b) In a same day at similar temperatures, why more discomfort is felt in Chittagong
than in Rangpur? 2
(c) If the temperature of the room comes down to 10C then what part of the water
Vapor present in the air will get condensed? 3
(d) If one window of the room is opened then in what direction the water vapor will
move? Show mathematically. 4

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