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Digital Elevation Model Lab

This document provides instructions for using GIS software and digital elevation models (DEMs) to generate various geospatial data products and visualizations. It describes how to download a DEM from an open source database, and then use GIS tools to generate hillshade maps, slope maps, aspect maps, curvature maps, watershed delineations, contours, stream networks, and cross section views from the DEM. The overall goal is to demonstrate how DEMs can be analyzed and visualized using common GIS operations.

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Muhammad Aamir Qadri
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141 views15 pages

Digital Elevation Model Lab

This document provides instructions for using GIS software and digital elevation models (DEMs) to generate various geospatial data products and visualizations. It describes how to download a DEM from an open source database, and then use GIS tools to generate hillshade maps, slope maps, aspect maps, curvature maps, watershed delineations, contours, stream networks, and cross section views from the DEM. The overall goal is to demonstrate how DEMs can be analyzed and visualized using common GIS operations.

Uploaded by

Muhammad Aamir Qadri
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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MAPPING EXERCISE GEO522

Digital Elevation Model

A Digital Elevation Model (DEM) is a specialized database that represents the relief of a surface
between points of known elevation. By interpolating known elevation data from sources such as
ground surveys and photogrammetric data capture, a rectangular digital elevation model grid can
be created.GIS software can use digital elevation models for 3D surface visualization, generating
contours, and performing viewshed visibility analysis
In this exercise, you will:
 How to download DEM
 How to generate Hillshade map
 How to generate Slope map
 How to generate aspect map
 How to generate curvature map
 How to generate watershed
 How to generate Contours
 How to generate cross section view
 How to generate stream network

How to Download Digital Elevation Model (DEM) from freely open Source

12.5 m DEM is freely available on Alaska Satellite Facility. First of all you have to create an
account which is also free. Then select the study area. Draw a polygon along it and click search.
Numbers of DEM will show is the “Results” section. Download the most suitable one.

Source link:
https://search.asf.alaska.edu/#/?flightDirs=&zoom=3&center=55.03113994634561,22.63359221976895
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Watershed

 Add Data which include DEM.


 Use the hydrology module (Arc toolbox > spatial analyst tool > hydrology)
 Select fill and use “DEM” data in “Input surface raster)
 Now select “Flow direction” and use “Fill” data in “Input raster surface”

 Select “Flow Accumulation” and use Flow direction data as input

 Now create a point shapefile and mark (digitize) junction point between these two lines.
one line is representing Indus river while other astore river.
 New select “Snap pour point”.
 Use Snap (point shapefile data created in previous step) in “Input raster” and use
“accumulation” data in “ input accumulation raster”
 Now select “watershed”.
 Use “Direction” data in “input flow direction raster” and “pour point” data in “Input
Raster”

 Watershed of astore will be generated in Raster format. Use conversion tools “Raster to
polygon” to convert
Stream network

 Open Raster Calculator available in “ArcToolbox” (Spatial Analyst tool > Map Algebra
> Raster Calculator)
 Double click “accumulation” “>” and type 50000 (accumulation > 50000)
 Stream network would be in raster format. Use conversion tool. Raster to polyline

 Now using Extract by mask (discussed in previous lab) extract the DEM within
Watershed. DEM would look like this
Hillshade Map: A hillshade is a grayscale 3D representation of the surface, with the sun's
relative position taken into account for shading the image

 Tool Box > Spatial analyst tool > Surface > Hillshade
 Use “DEM” in Input Raster option.
Slope Map: The Slope tool can be used to create a slope map by identifying the slope from each
cell of a raster surface

 Tool Box > Spatial Analyst Tools > Surface > Slope
 Use “DEM” in Input Raster option.
 To create a 3D effect turn the transparency if slope to 50%.
 Properties (Slope) > Display > Transparency
Aspect Map: An aspect-slope map simultaneously shows the aspect (direction) and degree
(steepness) of slope for a terrain (or other continuous surface)

 Tool Box > Spatial Analyst Tools > Surface > Aspect
Curvature Map: The Curvature function displays the shape or curvature of the slope. A part of
a surface can be concave or convex; you can tell that by looking at the curvature value

 Tool Box > Spatial Analyst Tools > Surface > Curvature
Contours: Contour lines are a familiar way of representing surfaces on maps. A contour is a line
through all contiguous points with equal height (or other) values

 Tool Box > Spatial Analyst > Surface > Contours


Cross section View

 First make sure that 3D analyst option is checked in the “Extensions”


 Customize > Extensions > 3D Analyst
 Right click and select “3D Analyst”

 Select “DEM”

 Interpolate Line
 Drag/ Draw the line using the above mentioned tool

 Select/Click “Profile Graph”

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