PRACTICE 22.

Part 1 . Choose the best answer

1. Nowadays, with the help of the computer, teachers have developed a ______ approach to teaching
A. multilateral B. multilingual C. multiple-choice D. multimedia
2. James could no longer bear the ______surroundings of the decrepit old house
A. oppressive B. domineering C. pressing D. overbearing
3. Does Mr.Ba bring his farm ______to the local market every day?
A. productivity B. product C. production D. produce
4. ______entering the hall, he found everyone waiting for him
A. On B. At C. With D. Of
5. That style of dress ______have beeb designed by Titian, because it wasn’t worn till after his death
A. wouldn’t B. shan’t C. can’t D. oughtn’t
6. When reaching the top of the hill, ______
A. we suddenly caught sight of the sea B. it was the sea that extended below us
C. we extended the sea below us D. the sea came into view
7. Before he was 20, he developed ______for the personal computer
A. the world first computer’s language B. the computer language for the firstworld
C. the world’s first computer language D. the first world’s computer language
8. The superstar, accompanied by the other menbers of the band, ______to visit our shool next week
A. are going B. is going to C. are D. has had
9. ______of that book has been missing
A. The chapter two B. A second chapter C. Chapter two D. A chapter two
10. ______was the tea that we couldn’t drink it
A. No longer B. So strong C. Hardly ever D. How strong
11. As a millionaire who liked to show off her wealth, Mrs. Smith paid ______we asked
A. four time much than B. four times as much as
C. four times much as D. four times as many as
12. ______, she continued to carry out her duties
A. Although in poor health B. Although she is in good health
C. Despite her good health D. No matter how poor her health
13. In no circumstances _____on campus
A. should smoking be allowed B. should allow smoking
C. smoking should be allowed D. we should allow smoking
14. During the lead-up to Christmas, many teachers have so much work that they get completely _____
A. covered up B. washed off C. snowed under D. rubbed out
15. Class tests didn’t use to be fun until one of our teachers _____the idea of giving us tests on the computer
A. hit on B. came up C. brought up D. moved with
16. In light for his growing unpopularity, the president has decided to_____before the end of his five-year term
of office
A. set down B. get down C. step down D. hop down
Part 2. Find and correct 10 mistakes

Part 3. Fill each of the numbered blanks in the passage with one suitable word

Getting on with people

Most of us have to cope with the everyday world, (1)____ or not we go out to a fulltime job. Even a trip to the
supermarket brings us (2)____ against people who could easily upset our equilibrium. There are those who jump
the (3)___, bash us with their trolleys or block the gangways with (4)____ thought for those who want to get
past. The secret-free shopping, (5)_____ with all other aspects of getting along with people, (6)____ surely lie
within ourselves.

(7)____ considerate you may be yourself, you are constantly faced by tired or neurotic folk who cannot, (8)____
will not, play their (9)____ in making life as easy and pleasant as possible. Some people simply do not care how
(10)____ trouble they cause. They have probably been subjected to (11)___ unkindness themselves that they get
a perverse pleasure (12)___ of being difficult. They subconsciously believe that they deserve to suffer and they
invite friction when (13)____ is no need for it. 'I'm not happy', they seem to think, 'so why should anyone else
(14)____?'.
I think we should avoid nervous tension as far as (15)_____ by disregarding most of the offensive behaviour we
encounter in everyday life. (16)______ someone bang your leg with their supermarket trolley, you can shout at
them or (17)_____ them an angry state, or you can take no notice, try to ignore the pain, and remind (18)_____
that there must have (19)_____ occasions when you have accidentally hurt someone with a trolley. If you take
the latter option, you will go (20)_____ your way feeling more relaxed than if you flared up angrily.
Part 4. Read the text below and decide which answer best fits each space

Conversational Turns
Probably the most (1)_____ recognised conversational convention is that people take (2)_____ speaking. But
how do people know when it is their turn? Some (3)_____ must be present, otherwise conversations would be
continually breaking down into a disorganised jumble of interruptions and simultaneous talk.

Turn-taking cues are usually quite subtle. People do not simply (4)_____ talking when they are ready to yield the
floor. They usually signal in advance that they are about to conclude. The clues may be semantic ("So
anyway,..." or "Last but not least,..."); but more commonly the speech itself can be modified to show that a turn
is about to (5)_____ typically, by lowering its pitch, loudness, or speed.

Body movements and patterns of eye (6)_____ are especially important. While speaking, we look at and away
from our listener in about equal (7)_____; but as we approach the end of a turn, we look at the listener more
steadily.

Listeners are not passive in all of this. Here too there are several ways of (8)_____ that someone wants to speak
next. One way is through an observable increase in body tension - by leaning forward or producing an audible
intake of breath. A less subtle approach is simply to (9)_____ a strategy that may be tolerated, if the purpose is to
(10)_____ what the speaker is saying, but that more usually leads to social disapproval.

1.A. widely B. completely C. easily D. largely

2.A. sides B. care C. interest D. turns
3.A. regulations B. rules C. norms D. laws
4.A. stop B. end C. start D. give up
5.A. end B. stop C. complete D. final
6.A. movement B. contact C. look D. appearance
7.A. parts B. shares C. turns D. proportions
8.A. signing B. signaling C. hinting D. saying
9.A. break B. cut C. interrupt D. interfere.
10.A. clear B. paraphrase C. repeat D. clarify

Part 5. Read the text below and choose the best answer to each question
Meteorite Impact and Dinosaur Extinction

There is increasing evidence that the impacts of meteorites have had important effects on Earth, particularly in
the field of biological evolution. Such impacts continue to pose a natural hazard to life on Earth. Twice in the
twentieth century, large meteorite objects are known to have collided with Earth.
If an impact is large enough, it can disturb the environment of the entire Earth and cause an ecological
catastrophe. The best-documented such impact took place 65 million years ago at the end of the Cretaceous
period of geological history. This break in Earth’s history is marked by a mass extinction, when as many as half
the species on the planet became extinct. While there are a dozen or more mass extinctions in the geological
record, the Cretaceous mass extinction has always intrigued paleontologists because it marks the end of the age
of the dinosaurs. For tens of millions of years, those great creatures had flourished. Then, suddenly, they
disappeared.

The body that impacted Earth at the end of the Cretaceous period was a meteorite with amass of more than a
trillion tons and a diameter of at least 10 kilometers. Scientists first identified this impact in 1980 from the
worldwide layer of sediment deposited from the dust cloud that enveloped the planet after the impact. This
sediment layer is enriched in the rare metal iridium and other elements that are relatively abundant in a meteorite
but very rare in the crust of Earth. Even diluted by the terrestrial material excavated from the crater, this
component of meteorites is easily identified. By 1990 geologists had located the impact site itself in the Yucatán
region of Mexico. The crater, now deeply buried in sediment, was originally about 200 kilometers in diameter.

This impact released an enormous amount of energy, excavating a crater about twice as large as the lunar crater
Tycho. The explosion lifted about 100 trillion tons of dust into the atmosphere, as can be determined by
measuring the thickness of the sediment layer formed when this dust settled to the surface. Such a quantity of
material would have blocked the sunlight completely from reaching the surface, plunging Earth into a period of
cold and darkness that lasted at least several months. The explosion is also calculated to have produced vast
quantities of nitric acid and melted rock that sprayed out overmuch of Earth, starting widespread fires that must
have consumed most terrestrial forest sand grassland. Presumably, those environmental disasters could have been
responsible for the mass extinction, including the death of the dinosaurs.

Several other mass extinctions in the geological record have been tentatively identified with large impacts, but
none is so dramatic as the Cretaceous event. But even without such specific documentation, it is clear that
impacts of this size do occur and that their results can be catastrophic. What is a catastrophe for one group of
living things, however, may create opportunities for another group. Following each mass extinction, there is a
sudden evolutionary burst as new species develop to fill the ecological niches opened by the event.

Impacts by meteorites represent one mechanism that could cause global catastrophes and seriously influence the
evolution of life all over the planet. According to some estimates, the majority of all extinctions of species may
be due to such impacts. Such a perspective fundamentally changes our view of biological evolution. The standard
criterion for the survival of a species is its success in competing with other species and adapting to slowly
changing environments. Yet an equally important criterion is the ability of a species to survive random global
ecological catastrophes due to impacts.
Earth is a target in a cosmic shooting gallery, subject to random violent events that were unsuspected a
few decades ago. In 1991 the United States Congress asked NASA to investigate the hazard posed today by
large impacts on Earth. The group conducting the study concluded from a detailed analysis that impacts from
meteorites can indeed be hazardous. Although there is always some risk that a large impact could occur, careful
study shows that this risk is quite small.

1. The word “pose” in the passage is closest in meaning to

A. claim B. model C. assume D. present
2. In paragraph 2, why does the author include the information that dinosaurs had flourished for tens of millions
of years and then suddenly disappeared?
A. To support the claim that the mass extinction at the end of the Cretaceous is the best-documented of the dozen
or so mass extinctions in the geological record
B. To explain why as many as half of the species on Earth at the time are believed to have become extinct at the
end of the Cretaceous
C. To explain why paleontologists have always been intrigued by the mass extinction at the end of the
Cretaceous
D. To provide evidence that an impact can be large enough to disturb the environment of the entire planet and
cause an ecological disaster
3. Which of the following can be inferred from paragraph 3 about the location of the meteorite impact in
Mexico?
A. The location of the impact site in Mexico was kept secret by geologists from 1980 to 1990.
B. It was a well-known fact that the impact had occurred in the Yucatán region.
C. Geologists knew that there had been an impact before they knew where it had occurred.
D. The Yucatán region was chosen by geologists as the most probable impact site because of its climate.
4. According to paragraph 3, how did scientists determine that a large meteorite had impacted Earth?
A. They discovered a large crater in the Yucatán region of Mexico.
B. They found a unique layer of sediment worldwide.
C. They were alerted by archaeologists who had been excavating in the Yucatán region.
D. They located a meteorite with a mass of over a trillion tons.
5. The word “excavating” in the passage is closest in meaning to
A. digging out B. extending C. destroying D. covering up
6. According to paragraph 4, all of the following statements are true of the impact at the end of the Cretaccous
priod EXCEPT:
A. A large amount of dust blocked sunlight from Earth
B. Earth became cold and dark for several months
C. New elements were formed in Earth’s crust
D. Large quantities of nitric acid were produced
7. The phrase “tentatively identified” in the passage is closest in meaning to
A. identified after careful study
B. identified without certainly
C. occasionally identified
D. easily identified
8. Paragraph 6 supports which of the following statements about the factors that are essential for the survival of a
species?
A. The most important factor for the survival of a species is its ability to compete and adapt to gradual changes in
its environment
B. The ability of a species to compete and adapt to a gradually changing environment is not the only ability that
is essential for survival
C. Since most extinctions of species are due to major meteorite impacts, the ability to survive such impacts is the
most important factor for the survival of a species
D. The factors that are most important for the survival of a species vary significantly from one species to another.
9. Which of the sentences below best expresses the essential information in the following sentence?
“Earth is a target in a cosmic shooting gallery, subject to random violent events that were unsuspected a few
decades ago”
Incorrect choices change the meaning in important ways or leave out essential information
A. Until recently, nobody realized that Earth is esposed to unpredictable violent impacts from space
B. In the last few decades, the risk of a random violent impact from space has increased
C. Since most violent events on Earth occur randomly, nobody can predict when or where they will happen
D. A few decades ago, Earth became the target of random violent events originating in outer space
10. According to the passage, who conducted investigations about the current dangers posed by large meteorite
impacts on Earth?
A. Paleontologists
B. Geologists
C. The Unites States Congress
D. NASA
Part 6.
WRITING

1. We were told not to communicate by radio except in an emergency (silence)

________________________________________________________________________________
2. The new examination regulations will become operational next month (force)
________________________________________________________________________________
3. The success of our local theater has made our city fanous (map)
________________________________________________________________________________
4. I recent the way that she clearly feels herself to be superior to me (nose)
________________________________________________________________________________
5. The effects of the gale were felt mainly along the south coast (brunt)
The south coast____________________________________________________________________
6. The tourists were unharmed after the train crash (worse)
The tourists_____________________________________________________their experience in the train crash
7. Harry was close to swimming the big race (ace)
Harry was_________________________________________________________________________