Plane

MODULE - IX
35 Vectors and three
dimensional Geometry

PLANE Notes

Look closely at a room in your house. It has four walls, a roof and a floor. The floor and roof are
parts of two parallel planes extending infinitely beyond the boundary. You will also see two pairs
of parallel walls which are also parts of parallel planes.
Similarly, the tops of tables, doors of rooms etc. are examples
of parts of planes.

If we consider any two points in a plane, the line joining these

points will lie entirely in the same plane. This is the characteristic
of a plane.
Look at Fig.35.1.You know that it is a representation of a
rectangular box. This has six faces, eight vertices and twelve Fig. 35.1
edges.
The pairs of opposite and parallel faces are
(i) ABCD and FGHE
(ii) AFED and BGHC
(iii) ABGF and DCHE
and the sets of parallel edges are given below :
(i) AB, DC EH and FG
(ii) AD, BC, GH and FE
(iii) AF, BG, CH and DE
Each of the six faces given above forms a part of the plane, and there are three pairs of parallel
planes, denoted by the opposite faces.
In this lesson, we shall establish the general equation of a plane, the equation of a plane passing
through three given points, the intercept form of the equation of a plane and the normal form of
the equation of a plane. We shall show that a homogeneous equation of second degree in three
variables x,y and z represents a pair of planes. We shall also find the equation of a plane bisecting
the angle between two planes and area of a triangle in space.

OBJECTIVES
After studying this lesson, you will be able to :
l identify a plane;
MATHEMATICS 485
 Plane
MODULE - IX l establish the equation of a plane in normal form;
Vectors and three l find the general equation of a plane passing through a given point;
dimensional Geometry
l find the equation of a plane passing through three given points;
l find the equation of a plane in the intercept form and normal form;
l find the angle between two given planes;

Notes
EXPECTED BACKGROUND KNOWLEDGE
l Basic knowledge of three dimensional geometry.
l Direction cosines and direction ratio of a line.
l Projection of a line segment on another line.
l Condition of perpendicularity and parallelism of two lines in space.
35.1 VECTOR EQUATION OF A PLANE
A plane is uniquely determined if any one of the following is known:
(i) Normal to the plane and its distance from the origin is given.
(ii) One point on the plane is given and normal to the plane is also given.
(iii) It passes through three given non collinear points.
35.2 EQUATION OF PLANE IN NORMAL FROM

Let the distance (OA) of the plane from origin O be d and let n

be a unit vector normal to the plane. Consider r as position vector
of an arbitarary point P on the plane.
Since OA is the perpendicular distance of the plane from the origin
and n is a unit vector perpendicular to the plane.

 OA   d n
   
Now AP = OP  OA  r  d n
  Fig. 35.2
OA is perpendicular to the plane and AP lies in the plane, there-
 
fore OA  AP
 
 AP . OA = 0

i.e. (r  d n ).n = 0

i.e. r.n  d = 0


i.e. r.n = d ...(3)
which is the equation of plane in vector from.
35.3 CONVERSION OF VECTOR FORM INTO CARTESIAN FORM

Let (x, y, z) be the co-ordinates of the point P and l, m, n be the direction cosines of n .

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
Then r = xi  y j  zk Vectors and three
dimensional Geometry

n = li  m j  nk
Substituting these value in equation (3) we get

( xi  y j  zk ) . (li  m y  nk ) = d Notes

 lx  my  nz = d
This is the corresponding Cartesian form of equation of plane in normal form.
 
Note : In equation (3), if r . n  d is the equation of the plane then d is not the distance of

the plane from origin. To find the distance of the plane from origin we have to convert n into
 d
n by dividing both sides by | n | . Therefore  is the distance of the plane from the origin.
|n|

Example 15.1 Find the distance of the plane r . (6i  3 j  2k )  1  0 from the origin.
Also find the direction cosines of the unit vector perpendicular to the plane.
Solution : The given equation can be written as

r . (6i  3 j  2k ) = 1

| 6i  3 j  2k | = 36  9  4  7
Dividing both sides of given equation by 7 we get

r . (6i  3 j  2k ) 1
=
7 7

 6 3 2  1
i.e. r .  i  j  k  =
7 7 7  7
6 3 2
 d.c.’s of unit vector normal to the plane are , , and distance of plane from origin
7 7 7
1
=
7
35.4 EQUATION OF A PLANE PASSING THROUGH A GIVEN
POINT AND PERPENDICULAR TO A GIVEN VECTOR
 
Let a be the position vector of the given point A and r the position vector of an arbitrary

point on the plane. n is a vector perpendicular to the plane.

MATHEMATICS 487
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MODULE - IX   
Vectors and three Now AP = OP  OA
dimensional Geometry
 
= ra
  
Now n  (r  a )

Notes
  
 (r  a) . n = 0 ...(4)
This is vector equation of plane in general form.

35.5 CARTESIAN FORM Fig. 35.3

Let (x1, y1, z1) be the coordinates of the given point A and (x, y, z) be the coordinates of

point P. Again let a, b, c be the direction ratios of normal vector n .

Then r = xi  y j  zk

a = x1i  y1 j  z1 k

n = ai  b j  ck
Substituting these values in equation (4) we get

( x  x1 )i  ( y  y1 ) j  ( z  z1 )k  .ai  bj  ck  =0

 a( x  x1 )  b( y  y1 )  c( z  z1 ) = 0
which is the corresponding Cartesian form of the equation of plane.

Example 35.2 Find the vector equation of a plane passing through the point (5, 5, –4)
and perpendicular to the line with direction ratios 2, 3, –1.

Solution : Here a = 5i  5 j  4k

and n = 2i  3 j  k

 Equation of plane is r  (5i  5 j  4k ) . (2i  3 j  k ) = 0
 
35.6 EQUATION OF A PLANE PASSING THROUGH THREE
NON COLLINEAR POINTS
(a) Vector Form
  
Let a, b and c be the position vectors of the given points Q, R and S respectively..

Let r be the position vector of an arbitrary point P on the plane.
          
Vectors QR  b  a, QS  c  a and QP  r  a lie in the same plane and QR  QS is

488 MATHEMATICS
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    MODULE - IX
a vector perpendicular to both QR and QS . Therefore QR  QS is perpendicular to Vectors and three
 dimensional Geometry
QP also.

   Notes

 QP . (QR  QS ) = 0

      Fig. 35.4

(r  a). (b  a)  (c  a )  =0 ...(5)

This is the equation of plane in vector form.

(b) Cartesian Form
Let (x, y, z), (x1, y1, z1), (x2, y2, z2) and (x3, y3, z3) be the coordinates of the points
P, Q, R and S respectively.
  
 QP  r  a  ( x  x1 )i  ( y  y1 ) j  ( z  z1 )k
  
QR  b  a  ( x2  x1 )i  ( y2  y1 ) j  ( z2  z1 )k
  
QS  c  a  ( x3  x1 )i  ( y3  y1 ) j  ( z3  z1 )k
Substituting these values in equation (5) we get.

x  x1 y  y1 z  z1
x2  x1 y2  y1 z2  z1 = 0
x3  x1 y3  y1 z3  z1

which is the equation of plane in Cartesian form.

Example 35.3 Find the vector equation of the plane passing through the points
Q(2, 5, –3), R(–2, –3, 5) and S(5, 3, –3).
  
Solution : Let a, b and c be the position vectors of points Q, R and S respectively and

r be the position vector of an arbitrary point on the plane.
     

Vector equation of plane is {r  a}. (b  a )  (c  a ) = 0 

Here a = 2i  5 j  3k

b = 2i  3 j  5k

c = 5i  3 j  3k

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MODULE - IX  
Vectors and three b  a = 4i  8 j  8k
 
dimensional Geometry c  a = 3i  2 j

 Required equation is {r  (2i  5 j  3k )}.{(4i  8 j  8k )  (3i  2 j )} = 0

35.7 EQUATION OF A PLANE IN THE INTERCEPT FORM

Notes
Let a, b,c be the lengths of the intercepts made by the plane on the x,y and z axes respectively.
It implies that the plane passes through the points (a,0,0), (0,b,0) and (0,0,c)
Putting x1  a y1  0 z1  0
x2  0 y2  b z2  0
and x3  0 y3  0 z3  c in (A),
we get the required equation of the plane as
xa y z
a b 0 0
a 0 c
which on expanding gives bcx  acy  abz  abc  0
x y z
or   1 .....(B)
a b c
Equation (B) is called the Intercept form of the equation of the plane.
Example 35.4 Find the equation of the plane passing through the points (0,2,3), (2,0,3) and

(2,3,0).
Solution : Using (A), we can write the equation of the plane as
x0 y2 z3
20 02 33 0
20 32 03

x y2 z3
or 2 2 0 0
2 1 3

or x  6  0    y  2   6    z  3   2  4   0
or 6x  6  y  2   6  z  3   0
or xy2z30 or xyz5
Example 35.5 Show that the equation of the plane passing through the points (2,2,0), (2,0,2)
and (4,3,1) is x = y + z.
Solution : Equation of the plane passing through the point (2,2,0) is

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MODULE - IX
a  x  2   b  y  2   cz  0 .....(i) Vectors and three
dimensional Geometry
 (i) passes through the point (2, 0, 2)
 a  2  2   b  0  2   2c  0
or c=b .....(ii)
Again (i) passes through the point (4, 3, 1)
Notes
 a 4  2  b3  2  c  0
or 2a  b  c  0 ....(iii)
From (ii) and (iii), we get 2a  2b  0 or a  b
 (i) becomes
 b  x  2   b  y  2   bz  0
or x  2  y  2  z  0
or yzx 0
or x  yz

Example 35.6 Reduce the equation of the plane 4x  5y  6z  60  0 to the intercept

form. Find its intercepts on the co-ordinate axes.
Solution : The equation of the plane is
4x  5y  6z  60  0 or 4x  5y  6z  60 ....(i)
4x 5y 6z x y z
The equation (i) can be written as    1 or   1
60 60 60 15  12  10
which is the interecept form of the equation of the plane and the intercepts on the co-ordinate
axes are 15, 12 and 10 respectively..
Example 35.7 Reduce each of the following equations of the plane to the normal form :

(i) 2x  3y  4z  5  0 (ii) 2x  6y  3z  5  0
Find the length of perpendicular from origin upon the plane in both the cases.
Solution : (i) The equation of the plane is 2x  3y  4z  5  0 .......(A)

Dividing (A) by 22   32   42 or , by 29

2x 3y 4z 5
we get,    0
29 29 29 29
2x 3y 4z 5
or   
29 29 29 29
which is the equation of the plane in the normal form.
5
 Length of the perpendicular is
29
(ii) The equation of the plane is 2x  6y  3z  5  0 .....(B)

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Vectors and three Dividing (B) by 2 2  6 2    3 2
dimensional Geometry
or by 7 we get, [ refer to corollary 2]
2x 6y 3z 5 2x 6y 3z 5
     0 or    
7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7
Notes which is the required equation of the plane in the normal form.
5
 Length of the perpendicular from the origin upon the plane is
7

Example 35.8 The foot of the perpendicular drawn from the origin to the plane is (4, 2, 5).
Find the equation of the plane.
Solution : Let P be the foot of perpendicular drawn from origin O to the plane.
Then P is the point  4, 2, 5  .
The equation of a plane through the point P  4, 2, 5  is
a x  4  b y  2  cz  5  0 .....(i)
Now OP  plane and direction cosines of OP are proportional to
4  0, 2  0, 5  0
i.e. 4, 2, 5 .
Substituting 4, 2 and  5 for a, b and c in (i), we get Fig. 35.5

4 x  4  2 y  2  5 z  5  0
or 4x  16  2y  4  5z  25  0
or 4x  2y  5z  45
which is the required equation of the plane.

CHECK YOUR PROGRESS 35.1

1. Reduce each of the following equations of the plane to the normal form :
(i) 4x  12y  6z  28  0
(ii) 3y  4z  3  0
2. The foot of the perpendicular drawn from the origin to a plane is the point (1, 3,1) . Find
the equation of the plane.
3. The foot of the perpendicular drawn from the origin to a plane is the point (1, 2,1). Find
the equation of the plane.
4. Find the equation of the plane passing through the points
(a)  2, 2,  1  ,  3, 4, 2  and  7, 0, 6 

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(b)  2, 3,  3  ,  1, 1,  2  and  1, 1, 4  Vectors and three
dimensional Geometry
(c)  2, 2, 2  ,  3, 1, 1  and  6,  4,  6 
5. Show that the equation of the plane passing through the points (3, 3,1) , ( 3, 2  1) and
(8, 6, 3) is 4x  2y  13z  5
Notes
6. Find the equation of a plane whose intercepts on the coordinate axes are 2,3 and 4
respectively.
7. Find the intercepts made by the plane 2x  3y  4z  24 on the co-ordinate axes.

8. Show that the points  1, 4, 3  ,  3, 2, 5  ,  3, 8, 5  and  3, 2,1  are coplanar..
9. (i) What are the direction cosines of a normal to the plane x – 4y + 3z = 7.?
(ii) What is the distance of the plane 2x + 3y – z = 17 from the origin?
 
(iii) The planes r.(i  j  3k )  7 and r.(3i  12 j  5k ) = 6 are ... to each other..

10. Convert the following equation of a plane in Cartesian form : r.(2i  3 j  4k )  1.
11. Find the vector equation of a plane passing through the point (1, 1, 0), (1, 2, 1) and
(–2, 2, –1).
12. Find the vector equation of a plane passing through the point (1, 4, 6) and normal to
the vector i  2 j  k .

35.6 ANGLE BETWEEN TWO PLANES

Let the two planes p1 and p 2 be given by

a1x  b1y  c1z  d1  0 ....(i)
and a 2 x  b 2 y  c 2 z  d 2  0 ....(ii)
Let the two planes intersect in the line l and let n1 and n 2 be
normals to the two planes. Let  be the angle between two
planes. Fig. 35.5
 The direction cosines of normals to the two planes are
a1 b1 c1
  
, ,
a12  b12  c12 a12  b12  c12 a12  b12  c12

and a2 ,  b2 ,  c2 ,

2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2
a 2  b2  c2 a 2  b2  c2 a 2  b2  c2

MATHEMATICS 493
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Vectors and three a1a 2  b1b 2  c1c2
dimensional Geometry
 cos  is given by cos   
a12  b12  c12 a 22  b 2 2  c 22

where the sign is so chosen that cos  is positive

Corollary 1 :
Notes When the two planes are perpendicular to each other then   90 i.e., cos   0

 The condition for two planes a1x  b1y  c1z  d1  0

and a 2 x  b 2 y  c 2 z  d 2  0 to be perpendicular to each other is
a1a 2  b1b 2  c1c2  0
Corollary 2 :
If the two planes are parallel, then the normals to the two planes are also parallel
a1 b c
  1  1
a2 b2 c2

 The condition of parallelism of two planes a1x  b1y  c1z  d1  0 and

a1 b1 c1
a 2 x  b 2 y  c 2 z  d 2  0 is a  b  c
2 2 2
This implies that the equations of two parallel planes differ only by a constant. Therefore, any plane
parallel to the plane ax + by + cz + d = 0 is ax + by + cz + k = 0, where k is a constant.
Example 35.9 Find the angle between the planes

3x  2y  6z  7  0 ......(i)
and 2x  3y  2z  5  0 ......(ii)
Solution : Here a1  3, b1  2, c1  6
and a 2  2, b 2  3, c2  2
 If  is the angle between the planes (i) and (ii), then
3.2  2.3   6  .2
cos   0
2
32  2 2   6  22  32  22
   90
Thus the two planes given by (i) and (ii) are perpendicular to each other.

Example 35.10 Find the equation of the plane parallel to the plane x  3y  4z  1  0
and passing through the point  3,1, 2  .

Solution : Let the equation of the plane parallel to the plane

9. (i) What are the direction cosines of a normal to the plane x – 4y + 3z = 7.?
(ii) What is the distance of the plane 2x + 3y – z = 17 from the origin?

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(iii) The planes r.(i  j  3k )  7 and r.(3i  12 j  5k ) = 6 are ... to each other.. Vectors and three
 dimensional Geometry
10. Convert the following equation of a plane in Cartesian form : r.(2i  3 j  4k )  1.
11. Find the vector equation of a plane passing through the point (1, 1, 0), (1, 2, 1) and
(–2, 2, –1).
12. Find the vector equation of a plane passing through the point (1, 4, 6) and normal to Notes
the vector i  2 j  k .
x  3y  4z  1  0 be x  3y  4z  k  0 ..... (i)
Since (i) passes through the point  3,1, 2  , it should satisfy it
 338 k  0 or k 8
 The required equation of the plane is x  3y  4z  8  0

Example 35.11 Find the equation of the plane passing through the points  1, 2, 3  and
 2, 3, 4  and which is perpendicular to the plane 3x  y  z  5  0
Solution : The equation of any plane passing through the point  1, 2, 3  is
a  x  1  b  y  2   c  z  3   0 .....(i)
Since the point  2, 3, 4  lies on the plane (i)
 3a  5b  c  0 ....(ii)
Again the plane (i) is perpendicular to the plane 3x  y  z  5  0
 3a  b  c  0 ....(iii)
From (ii) and (iii), by cross multiplication method, we get,
a b c a b c
  or  
4 6 18 2 3 9
Hence the required equation of the plane is
2(x  1)  3(y  2)  9(z  3)  0 ....[ From (i)]
or 2x  3y  9z  31

Example 35.12 Find the equation of the plane passing through the point (2, 1, 5) and
perpendicular to each of the planes

x  2y  z  1 and 3x  4y  z  5
Solution : Equation of a plane passing through the point (2, 1, 5) is
a  x  2   b  y  1  c  z  5   0 .....(i)
As this plane is perpendicular to each of the planes
x  2y  z  1 and 3x  4y  z  5
We have a.1  b.2  c.( 1)  0
and a.3  b.( 4)  c.(1)  0

MATHEMATICS 495
 Plane
MODULE - IX
Vectors and three or a  2b  c  0 .........(ii)
dimensional Geometry 3a  4b  c  0 ........(iii)
From (ii) and (iii), we get
a b c
 
2  4 3  1 4  6
Notes
a b c a b c
or   or     (say)
2 4 10 1 2 5
 a   , b  2 and c  5
Substituting for a, b and c in (i), we get
  x  2   2  y  1   5  z  5   0
or x  2  2y  2  5z  25  0
or x  2y  5z  25  0
which is the required equation of the plane.

CHECK YOUR PROGRESS 35.2

1. Find the angle between the planes

(i) 2x  y  z  6 and x  y  2z  3
(ii) 3x  2y  z  17  0 and 4x  3y  6z  25  0
2. Prove that the following planes are perpendicular to each other.
(i) x  2y  2z  0 and 2x  y  2z  0
(ii) 3x  4y  5z  9 and 2x  6y  6z  7
3. Find the equation of the plane passing through the point  2, 3, 1  and parallel to the
plane 2x  3y  6z  7  0
4. Find the equation of the plane through the points  1,1,1  and  1, 1,1  and
perpendicular to the plane x  2y  2z  5
5. Find the equation of the plane which passes through the origin and is perpendicular to
each of the planes x  2y  2z  0 and 2x  y  2z  0

35.9 DISTANCE OF A POINT FROM A PLANE

Let the equation of the plane in normal form be
x cos   y cos   z cos   p where p>0 .......(i)
Case I : Let the point P  x ', y ', z '  lie on the same side of the plane in which the origin lies.
Let us draw a plane through point P parallel to plane (i).Its equation is
x cos   y cos   z cos   p ' .....(ii)
where p' is the length of the perpendicular drawn from origin upon the plane given by (ii). Hence

496 MATHEMATICS
 Plane
MODULE - IX
the perpendicular distance of P from plane (i) is p  p ' Vectors and three
dimensional Geometry
As the plane (ii) passes through the point (x ', y ', z '),
x ' cos   y ' cos   z ' cos   p '
 The distance of P from the given plane is
p  p '  p   x ' cos   y ' cos   z ' cos   Notes
Case II : If the point P lies on the other side of the plane in which the origin lies, then the
distance of P from the plane (i) is,
p ' p  x ' cos   y ' cos   z ' cos   p
Note : If the equation of the plane be given as ax  by  cz  d  0, we have to first
convert it into the normal form, as discussed before, and then use the above formula.

Example 35.13 Find the distance of the point (1,2,3) from the plane 3x  2y  5z  17  0

3.1  2.2  5.3  17 31

Solution : Required distance = 
32  (2)2  52 38 units.
Example 35.14 Find the distance between the planes
x  2y  3z  6  0
and 2x  4y  6z  17  0
Solution : The equations of the planes are
x  2y  3z  6  0 ....(i)
2x  4y  6z  17  0 ....(ii)
1  2  3
Here  
2  4  6
 Planes (i) and (ii) are parallel
Any point on plane (i) is (6, 0, 0)
 Distance between planes (i) and (ii) = Distance of point (6,0,0) from (ii)
2  6  4.0  6.0  17
=
 2 2   4 2  62
29 29
 units  units
56 2 14

CHECK YOUR PROGRESS 35.3

1. Find the distance of the point

(i)  2,  3,1  from the plane 5x  2y  3z  11  0
(ii)  3, 4,  5  from the plane 2x  3y  3z  27  0

MATHEMATICS 497
 Plane
MODULE - IX
2. Find the distance between planes
Vectors and three
dimensional Geometry 3x  y  z  7  0 and 6x  2y  2z  11  0

C
1A
% +
LET US SUM UP
Notes l A plane is a surface such that if any two points are taken on it, the line joining these two
points lies wholly in the plane.
  
l
r . n  d is the vector equation of a plane where n is a unit vector normal to the plane and
d is the distance of the plane from origin.
l Corresponding cartesian form of the equation is l x +my +n z =d, where l,m,n are the
direction cosines of the normal vector to the plane and d is the distance of the plane from
origin.
   
l  r  a  . n  0 is another vecter equation of a plane where a is position vecter of a given
 

point on the plane and n is a vecter normal to the plane.
l Corresponding cartesion form of this equation is a(x-x1) + b(y-y1) + c(z-z1)=0, where
a,b,c are the direction ratios of normal to the plane and (x1,y1,z1) are coordinates of
given point on plane.
     
l  r  a  .{ b  a    c  a }  0 is the equation of a plane possing through three points
     
  
with position vecter a , b and c respectively..
l Its corresponding cartesian equation is:

x  x1 y  y1 z  z1
x2  x1 y2  y1 z2  z1  0
x3  x1 y3  y1 z3  z1

x y z
l Equation of a plane in the intercept from is   1
a b c
where a,b and c are intercepts made by the plane on x,y and z axes respectively.
l Angle  between two planes a1x  b1y  c1z  d1  0
and a 2 x  b 2 y  c 2 z  d 2  0 is given by
a1a 2  b1b 2  c1c2
cos   
a12  b12  c12 a 22  b 22  c2 2
l Two planes are perpendicular to each other if and only if
a1a 2  b1b 2  c1c2  0

498 MATHEMATICS
 Plane
MODULE - IX
a1 b1 c1 Vectors and three
l Two planes are parallel if and only if a  b  c dimensional Geometry
2 2 2

l Distance of a point  x ', y ', z '  from a plane

x cos   y cos   z cos   p is
Notes
p   x ' cos   y ' cos   z ' cos   , where the point  x ', y ', z '  lies on the same
side of the plane in which the origin lies.

SUPPORTIVE WEB SITES

http://www.mathopenref.com/plane.html
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plane_(geometry)

TERMINAL EXERCISE

1. Find the equation of a plane passing through the point  2, 5, 4 

2. Find the equation of a plane which divides the line segment joining the points  2,1, 4  and
 2, 6, 4  internally in the ratio of 2 : 3.
3. Find the equation of the plane through the points  1,1, 0  ,  1, 2,1  and  2, 2, 1  .
4. Show that the four points  0, 1, 1  ,  4, 5,1  ,  3, 9, 4  and  4, 4, 4  are coplanar..
Also find the equation of the palne in which they lie.
5. The foot of the perpendicular drawn from  1, 2, 3  to a plane is  3, 2, 1  . Find the
equation of the plane.
6. Find the angle between the planes x  y  2z  9 and 2x  y  z  15
7. Prove that the planes 3x  5y  8z  2  0 and 12x  20y  32z  9  0 are
parallel.
8. Determine the value of k for which the planes 3x  2y  kz  1  0 and
x  ky  5z  2  0 may be perpendicular to each other..
9. Find the distance of the point  3, 2, 5  from the plane 2x  3y  5z  7
10. Find the vector equation of a plane possing through the point (3,-1,5) and perpendicular
to the line with direction ratios (2,-3,1).
  
11. Find the vector equation of a plane perpendicular to the vecter 3 i  5 j  6 k and at a
distance of 7 units from origin.
12. Find the vector equation of a plane passing through the points A(-2,6,-6), B(-3,10,-9),
and C(-5,0,-6).

MATHEMATICS 499
 Plane
MODULE - IX
Vectors and three
dimensional Geometry ANSWERS
CHECK YOUR PROGRESS 35.13
4x 12y 6z 3 4 3
1. (i)   2 (ii)  y z
Notes 14 14 14 5 5 5
2. x  3y  z  11  0 3. x  2y  z  6  0 4. (a) 5 x  2 y  3z  17  0

x y z
(b) 3x  y  2  0 (c) x  2 y  2  4 6.   1
2 3 4
7. Intercepts on x,y & z axes are 12,8,6 respectively.
1 4 3 17
9. (i) , , (ii) units (iii) perpendicular
26 26 26 14

   
 
  

10. 2 x + 3 y - 4 z =1 11. x .  2 x  3 y  3 k   5 12. x .  x  2 y  k   1  0
   
CHECK YOUR PROGRESS 35.2SS 34.4
 
1. (i) (ii) 3. 2x  3y  6z  7 4. 2x  2y  3z  3  0
3 2
5. 2x  2y  z  0
CHECK YOUR PROGRESS 35.3
30 6 25
1. (i) units (ii) units. 2. units.
38 22 2 11
TERMINAL EXERCISESE
1. a x  2  b y  5  cz  4  0

2. a  x  2  b y  3  c z  4  0
3. 2x  3y  3z  5  0 4. 5x  7y  11z  4  0 5. x  2y  z  6

 18 
   
    

6. 8. k  1 9. 10. { r   3 i  j  5 k }.  2 i  3 j  k   0
3 38    
  
 3 i  5 j 6 k
11. r. } 7
70

   
       
12. { x .  2 i  6 j  6 k }.{  i  4 j  3 k    3 i  6 j }  0
     

500 MATHEMATICS