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CARRERA: ANALISTA DE SISTEMAS CÁTEDRA: INGLÉS 1

UNIT 2
VERBO TO BE
Verbo esencial en el idioma. Tiene doble uso “ser” o “estar” dependiendo del sentido de la
oración. A continuación, se muestra la conjugación del verbo en tiempo PRESENTE SIMPLE.

Positive form (también la Podemos encontrar como AFFIRMATIVE. Es una oración en positivo,
no está en negativo y no es una pregunta.)

Positive Short Form

I am I'm
you are you're
he is he's
she is she's
it is it's
we are we're
they are they're

Negative form. Lo usamos para formar oraciones en negative.

Negative short form
I am not I'm not
you are not you aren't
he is not he isn't
she is not she isn't
it is not it isn't
we are not we aren't
they are not they aren't

Question form of the present simple with 'be'.

'yes / no' question: Son preguntas cuyas respuestas siempre son si o no (yes/no)
Yes / No Questions Short answers (yes) Short answers (no)
am I? Yes, I am No, I´m not
are you? Yes, I am No, I´m not
is he? Yes, he is No, he isn´t
is she? Yes, she is No, she isn´t
is it? Yes, it is No, it isn´t
are we? Yes, we are No, we aren´t
are they? Yes, they are No, they aren´t
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CARRERA: ANALISTA DE SISTEMAS CÁTEDRA: INGLÉS 1

‘Wh' questions: you just put the question word at the front: (where – what- when –
how – who – why). Hay algunas excepciones en donde el orden wh Word + verbo to be +
persona + complemento no se respeta exactamente.
Por ejemplo: What time is it? How old are you? etc.

Wh Questions (examples)
Where are you from? Why is he sad?
What is your name? Who is she?
What is it? How are you?

Word order in questions

Question word / phrase Be Complement
  Is she from Spain?
  Are your friends here?
What ´s your dog´s name?
Where ´s your office?
How many students Are in your class?

How Are you?

How old is she?

ACTIVITIES:

A- Complete with am / is / are. Luego traduzca las oraciones 7- 14 – 18 - 20

1-She_________ a teacher. 11- You ________beautiful.

2- We _______hungry. 12- I ________from London.
3- Luke________late. 13- You ________a doctor.
4- They _______Spanish. 14- Emily ______my sister.
5- You _______happy. 15- He________ in the garden.
6- I _________ thirsty. 16- They _______on the bus.
7- It __________cold. 17- We _________friends.
8- She ________German. 18- I _________25 years old.
9- He ________early. 19- She _________ sick.
10- We ________tired. 20- They ___________ children.

B- Make the negative with ‘be’. Luego traduzca las oraciones 4- 10 – 13 - 19

1- I ‘m not cold. 3- You _______an accountant.

2- She _______French. 4- John _______my brother.
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CARRERA: ANALISTA DE SISTEMAS CÁTEDRA: INGLÉS 1

5- They _______from Berlin. 13- It __________sunny.

6- We _______late. 14- You __________a teacher.
7- It _______warm outside. 15- They ____at school.
8- I ______hungry. 16- Lucy ____from Australia.
9- Ian and Jill _______on the bus. 17- I __________a nurse.
10- She _________Spanish. 18- He __________sleepy.
11- He _________in the bathroom. 19- We __________at home.
12- We _________thirsty. 20- You ___________from China.

C- Make sentences with ‘be’ using the short forms (positive or negative). Traducir las
oraciones 5 – 7 – 11.

1- (he / be / French) 7- (they / be / from Libya)

2- (we / not / be / cold) 8- (we / be / thirsty)
3- (he / be / a footballer?) 9- (he / be / handsome)
4- (we / be / German) 10- (I / not / be / English)
5- (he / not / be / a journalist) 11- (you / not / be / a doctor)
6- (we / not / be / singers) 12- (you / not / be / Egyptian)

D- Make present simple questions with ‘be’. Traducir las oraciones 1 – 5 – 6 -10.

1- (where / be / John?)
2- (you / be / a nurse?)
3- (you / be / hungry)
4- (how / be / your mother?)
5- (when / be / the party?)
6- (Julie and Ann / be / on the bus?)
7- (she / be / kind?)
8- (they / be / German?)
9- (you / be / from London?)
10- (where / be / you?)
11- (how old / be / she?)

E. 1- Word order in questions. Put the words in the correct order to make questions.

1- your / is / name / what? What is your name?

2- she / where / is / from?
3- America / from / they / South / Are?
4- Spain / you / are / from?
5-from / he / Poland / is?
6- five / room / we / Are / in?

E.2- Match these answers with the questions in E.1

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a- Yes, he is
b- She´s from Italy.
c- No, I´m not.
d- Yes, they are.
e- Michael 1
f- No, we aren´t.

PRESENT SIMPLE
En esta unidad vamos a trabajar con el tiempo verbal Presente Simple. A continuación, se
describen los usos con los ejemplos pertinentes. La idea es explicar la estructura de las oraciones
afirmativas y negativas y el comportamiento del uso del auxiliar. Leer atentamente la explicación a
continuación:
The simple present tense in English is used to describe an action that is regular, true or normal.

We use the present tense:

1. For repeated or regular actions in the present time period (Rutina)
I take the train to the office.
The train to Berlin leaves every hour.
John sleeps eight hours every night during the week.

2. For facts(actualidad/realidad)
The President of The USA lives in The White House.
A dog has four legs.
We come from Switzerland.

3. For habits(habitos)
I get up early every day.
Carol brushes her teeth twice a day.
They travel to their country house every weekend.

4. For things that are always / generally true) situaciones verdaderas

It rains a lot in winter.
The King of England lives in Buckingham Palace.
They speak English at work.

Verb Conjugation & Spelling (REGLA GENERAL)

We form the present tense using the base form of the infinitive. In general, in the third person we
add 'S'.

Subject Verb the Rest of the sentence

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CARRERA: ANALISTA DE SISTEMAS CÁTEDRA: INGLÉS 1

I / you / we / they speak / learn English at home

he / she / it speaks / learns English at home

The spelling for the verb in the third person differs depending on the ending of that
verb:

1. For verbs that end in -O, -CH, -SH, -SS, -X, or -Z we add - ES in the third person.
go – goes kiss – kisses
catch – catches fix – fixes
wash – washes buzz – buzzes

2. For verbs that end in a consonant + Y, we remove the Y and add -IES.
marry – marries
study – studies
carry – carries
worry – worries

NOTE: For verbs that end in a vowel + Y, we just add -S.

play – plays
enjoy – enjoys
say – says

BE CAREFULL WITH SOME HE / SHE / IT FORMS!!!

HAVE ------------- HAS
GO ---------------- GOES
DO ---------------- DOES.

Negative Sentences in the Simple Present Tense

To make a negative sentence in English we use Don't or Doesn't (auxiliary verbs) + VERB
(INFINITIVE)
Don't = Do not
Doesn't = Does not
I don't like meat = I do not like meat.
There is no difference in meaning though we normally use contractions in spoken English.

We add don't between the subject and the verb.

We use DON´T when the subject is I – YOU – WE – THEY
Affirmative: You speak French.
Negative: You don't speak French.
When the subject is HE – SHE – IT we add doesn't between the subject and the verb to make a
negative sentence.
Affirmative: He speaks German.
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CARRERA: ANALISTA DE SISTEMAS CÁTEDRA: INGLÉS 1

Negative: He doesn't speak German.

Notice that the letter S at the end of the verb in the affirmative sentence (because it is
in third person) disappears in the negative sentence.

Word Order of Negative Sentences

The following is the word order to construct a basic negative sentence in English in the Present
Tense using Don't or Doesn't.

Subject don't/doesn’t Verb the Rest of the

sentence
I / you / we / they don't have / buy cereal for breakfast
he / she / it doesn´t eat / like cereal for breakfast

Examples of Negative Sentences with Don't and Doesn't:

You don't speak Arabic.
John doesn't speak Italian.
We don't have time for a rest.
It doesn't move.
They don't want to go to the party.
She doesn't like fish

Present Simple: Yes / No Questions

We use DO (or does with HE – SHE – IT) + VERB IN INFINITIVE to make questions.

Auxiliary verb (DO/DOES) + Subject (I- YOU – WE – THEY – HE – SHE – IT) + INFINITIVE (work –
live – study – go – etc.)

Do you work? Yes, I do No, I don´t

Does she /he / it work? Yes, she/he/it does No, she/he/it doesn´t.
HABLAMOS DE UNA TERCERA PERSONA, PERO EL VERBO ESTÁ EN INFINITIVO POR LA PRESENCIA
DEL AUXILIAR EN TERCERA PERSONA (DOES).

Do they work? Yes, they do No, they don´t

Present Simple: Wh Questions

Question word / phrase Auxiliary Subject Infinitive
  Do you LIVE near here?
  Does your mother KNOW?
What do you DO?
Where does he LIVE?
How many children do you HAVE?
What kind of music does she LIKE?
How many children do you SPELL your surname?
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CARRERA: ANALISTA DE SISTEMAS CÁTEDRA: INGLÉS 1

ACTIVITIES

1- Complete the sentences with a verb from the list. Luego traduzca las oraciones 1-3-6

Eat – have – listen – play – read – speak – study – wear – work

They ___study__ economics.

1- Pedro ______________ in an office. (-)
2- Eva ________________ books in English. (+)
3- You ________________ Arabic very well. (+)
4-I ___________________games on my phone. (-)
5- Paolo ______________ glasses. (+)
6- We ________________to music in the car. (+)
7- They _______________ fast food. (-)
8- Julia ________________ three children. (+)

2- Complete the questions with DO or DOES. Traducir las preguntas 1 – 4 – 5

Do you work with computers?

1- ____________ you have a dog?
2- ____________ you speak a foreign language?
3- ____________ she play the guitar?
4- ____________ he work or study?
5- ____________ school children in your country wear uniforms?
6- ____________ your husband cook?
7- ____________ it rain a lot in your country?
8- ____________ Angela like her job?

3- Order the words to make questions.

You / live / where / do? Where do you live?

1- colour / is / his / what / car?

2- brother / you / where / work / does?
3- you / with / work / computers / do?
4- your / where / does / sister / live?
5- do / how / English / you / say / that / in?

4- Circle the correct answer (a or b). Luego traduzca las oraciones 2 – 3 – 5 - 7

1- A lot of British people __________ animals.

a- like b- likes
2- It __________ a lot in my country.
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CARRERA: ANALISTA DE SISTEMAS CÁTEDRA: INGLÉS 1

a- don´t rain b- doesn´t rain

3- Lewis __________ a fast car.
a- drive b- drives
4- People __________ identity cards in Britain.
a- don´t have b- doesn´t have
5- You __________ a lot of books.
a- read b- reads
6- My boyfriend __________ English.
a- don´t speak b- doesn´t speak
7- We __________ a new computer.
a- need b- needs
8- I ___________ Chinese
a- don´t speak b- doesn´t speak

5- Complete the text with a verb from the list. Intente traducir el texto.

Cook – finish – go – like – live – study – want – work

Hi! I´m Catrin and I´m a student. I ____live_____ (+) in a flat with two other girls: Aisha and Holly.
Aisha and I ______________ (+) history, but Holly ________________ (+) in an office. She isn´t
very happy because she _______________ (-) her job. She _____________ (+) a new job! Aisha
and I _________________ (+) to university at 8:30 in the morning but we ______________ (-) very
late. In the evening, we ______________ (+) dinner for Holly, and she´s very happy.

6- Read the article and choose the correct option. (a-b-c)

My day
This is Evie Granger. She 1 ________ 32, and she lives in Cornwall in the UK. Evie 2
______________ with dogs, but she isn´t a 3 _______________. She´s a dog walker. Evie works
from Monday to Friday. She 4 ____________ at weekends. Every day, she walks two different
groups of dogs. In the morning, she has a group of two or three 5 __________. She takes them for
6 _________ long walk on the beach. The dogs are very tired after their walk, but they are happy.
In the afternoon, Evie goes to the park with four or five small dogs. The dogs love the park and
they 7 ____________ to go home. Does Evie like her job? Yes, she 8___________. She loves
animals, and she likes her job very much.

1- a- has b- is c- have
2- a- job b- work c- works
3- a- doctor b- vet c- a vet
4- a- doesn´t work b- not work c- don´t work
5- a- big dogs b- dogs big c- bigs dogs
6- a- a b- an c- the
7- a- doesn´t want b- not want c- don´t want
8- a- do b- does c- is
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CARRERA: ANALISTA DE SISTEMAS CÁTEDRA: INGLÉS 1

7- Complete the YOU column in the chart. Then write + or – sentences.

  Ryan Sarah YOU

eat vegetables yes no  
wear glasses no yes  
drink mineral water yes no  
do housework yes no  
play the guitar no yes  

Ryan
1- Ryan eats vegetables
2- He doesn´t wear ___________________
3- He ______________________________
4- _________________________________
5- _________________________________

Sarah
6- Sarah ____________________________
7- She ______________________________
8- _________________________________
9- _________________________________
10- ________________________________

YOU
11- I________________________________
12- ________________________________
13- ________________________________
14-_________________________________
15- _________________________________

EL LENGUAJE UTILIZADO PARA DAR INSTRUCCIONES

GRAMATICA: para armar instrucciones en inglés se debe utilizar el modo imperativo. En este caso
el sujeto, que generalmente en inglés es obligatorio, es tácito.

Estructura: verbo en infinitivo (sin conjugación) + objeto = Open the door

Para indicar la secuencia exacta se deben usar conectores de tiempo (adverbios de secuencia)

FIRST (primero)
SECOND (segundo)
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CARRERA: ANALISTA DE SISTEMAS CÁTEDRA: INGLÉS 1

AFTER THAT (después de eso)

THIRD (tercero)
THEN (después)
FINALLY (finalmente)

- First open the door

- After that walk straight to the desk…

HOW TO MAKE INSTRUCTIONS IN ENGLISH

Checklist for Writing Instructions

1. Use short sentences and short paragraphs.

2. Arrange your points in logical order.
3. Make your statements specific.
4. Use the imperative mood.
5. Put the most important item in each sentence at the beginning.
6. Say one thing in each sentence.
7. Choose your words carefully, avoiding technical terms if you can.
8. Try to give an example 
9. Check your completed draft for logic of presentation.
10. Don´t omit steps or take shortcuts.

Helpful Hints

The most common error is to make instructions too complicated for the audience. Carefully
consider the technical level of your readers. Use white space, graphics, and other design elements
to make the instructions appealing. Most important, be sure to include Caution, Warning, and
Danger references before the steps to which they apply.

Testing Instructions

To evaluate the accuracy and clarity of a set of instructions, invite one or more individuals to
follow your directions. Observe their progress to determine if all steps are completed correctly in a
reasonable amount of time. Once the procedure has been completed, ask this test group to report
on any problems they may have encountered and to offer recommendations for improving the
instructions.

Actividades:
1- Traducir el texto: “Helpful Hints”
2- Armar las instrucciones sobre un tema a elección.
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CARRERA: ANALISTA DE SISTEMAS CÁTEDRA: INGLÉS 1

CONECTORES EN INGLES
Qué es un conector en inglés?

Un conector es una palabra (Ejemplo, and: y) o conjunto de palabras (Ejemplo, As a result: Como
resultado) que su usa para unir frases u oraciones. La función de estas palabras es que al usarlas
de manera correcta nos ayudan a organizar mejor lo que decimos y lo que escribimos en inglés.

Conectores de Opinión: indican que se va a expresar una opinión:

I think: Pienso
I think she is the best candidate for the job / Pienso que ella es la mejor candidata para el trabajo
I believe: Creo
I believe I will get promoted soon / Creo que seré promovido (ascendido) pronto
In my opinion: En mi opinión
In my opinion, the movie we watched last night was boring / En mi opinión, la película que vimos
anoche fue aburrida

Conectores de Adición: se usan para agregar una idea o significado adicional:

In addition: Además
I have good grades. In addition, I am part of the student committee / Tengo buenas calificaciones.
Además, soy parte del comité estudiantil.
Furthermore: Además o Es más
The movie didn’t get good reviews. Furthermore, it didn’t do well at the box office / La película no
recibió buenas críticas. Además, no le fue bien en la taquilla.
And: y
My friend Marco is friendly and outgoing / Mi amigo Marco es amigable y extrovertido
Also: Además o También
Yesterday I met Janice. She has a new job. I also met Ralph. He has long hair now / Ayer me
encontré a Janice. Tiene un trabajo nuevo. También me encontré a Ralph. Ahora tiene cabello
largo.

Conectores de Causa y Efecto: indican las causas o las consecuencias de un hecho

Because: porque
My brother wants to become an engineer because he loves computers / Mi hermano quiere
convertirse en un ingeniero porque ama las computadoras.
Therefore: Por lo tanto
I was at work. Therefore, I could not have committed the crime / Estaba en el trabajo. Por lo tanto,
no pude haber cometido el crimen.
As a result: Como consecuencia o Como resultado
They didn’t hand in the paper. As a result, they failed the class / Ellos no entregaron el artículo.
Como resultado, perdieron la asignatura o materia.
Since: Dado que o Ya que
Since you are sick, you do not have to come today / Ya que estás enfermo, no tienes que venir hoy
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CARRERA: ANALISTA DE SISTEMAS CÁTEDRA: INGLÉS 1

So: Así, De esta manera o Así que

I arrived early, so I had a cup of coffee before the meeting / Llegué temprano, así que tomé una
taza de café antes de la reunión

Conectores de ejemplo: se usan cuando queremos ejemplificar o ilustrar una idea:

For example: Por ejemplo
You can bring any drink to the party. For example: soda, beer or wine / Puedes traer cualquier
bebida a la fiesta. Por ejemplo: refrescos, cerveza o vino.
For instance: Por ejemplo
Some great football players have been born in Argentina, for instance, Maradona and Messi. /
Algunos grandes jugadores de fútbol han nacido en Argentina, por ejemplo, Maradona y Messi.
Such as: Tales como
That restaurant serves international dishes such as lasagna, paella and burritos / Ese restaurante
sirve platos internacionales tales como lasaña, paella y burritos

Conectores de contraste: muestran contraste o diferencia con otra idea

But: Pero
I love playing computer games, but I don´t like board games / Me encantan los juegos de
computadora pero no me gustan los juegos de mesa.
Nevertheless: Sin embargo
Beethoven was deaf. Nevertheless, he composed great symphonies / Beethoven era sordo. Sin
embargo, compuso grandes sinfonías
However: De todas maneras o De todos modos
I’m ill. However, I will go to the concert / Estoy enfermo. De todos modos, iré al concierto
On the other hand: Por otro lado
The weather will be nice and sunny in Houston. On the other hand, it will be rainy and cold in
Atlanta / El clima será agradable y soleado en Houston. Por otro lado, será lluvioso y frío en
Atlanta

TRABAJO PRÁCTICO 2 O PARCIALITO