Natural Factors

Earth's climate is not the same throughout its

history. The changes does not come at a
rapid rate. It is gradual and is affected by
various factors including naturally occuring
events.
 Natural Factors
But not all naturally occuring occuring
process can affect Earth's climate. Even
natural disasters can have lasting effects on
the atmosphere which can also affect the
climate of certain areas.
SOLAR
ACTIVITIES
The sun is the main
source of heat and
light on Earth.
EL NIÑO
• El Niño is a recurring
natural phenomena that
produces extreme climate
conditions in different
parts of the world.
• Also known as El Niño
Southern Oscillation or
ENSO
EL NIÑO
• It occurs in the
equatorial part of the
Pacific Ocean and
produces bands of
warmer than average
ocean waters.
• This results in drought
or powerful storms.
LA NIÑA
• La Niña is the
counter part of
ENSO that brings
about intense
rainfall in regions
that it affects.
CLOUD COVER
• Clouds provide
shade to the Earth’s
surface which can
help reduce
temperature.
FOREST
• Forests help in
regulating the
carbon dioxide
levels in the
atmosphere.
 Roles of Forests

Carbon sinks – Carbon sources –

which are identified when it can
bodies that absorb release more
more carbon dioxide carbon dioxide
than they release that it absorbs
back into the into the
atmosphere. atmosphere.
VOLCANIC
ERUPTION
• Most of the gases
released in a volcanic
plume include water
vapor, carbon dioxide
and sulfur dioxide.
• These gases aggravate
the enhanced
greenhouse effect.
OCEAN
• The heat the oceans
absorb are then
transferred to different
parts of the world through
ocean currents
• Oceans also act as carbon
sinks. They are one of the
largest carbon sinks in the
world.
OCEAN
CURRENT
It is a continuous
directed movement of
sea water generated by a
number of forces acting
upon the water.
 What are the negative
effects of forests fire aside
from destroying the habitat
of animals?
 Anthropogenic Factors
Human activities are said to have been
the cause for the rapid change in
environment as well as climate over the
past centuries.
 Fossil Fuels
Fossil fuels are
carbon-rich Most of Earth’s
materials from current power
the remains of
ancient supply is from
organisms that fossil fuels.
once roamed
the surface of
the earth.
 Fossil Fuels

Fossil fuels release noxious gases in the

atmosphere that do not only affects
organisms that inhale it but it is also
damaging to the atmosphere.
COAL
• A black sedimentary rock
formed from the buried
decomposed matter of
algae and plants. These
are usually mined from
beneath or on the
surface.
• Use to generate
electricity.
OIL
• These are hydrocarbons
that are thick and black.
• Also came from the
remains of the ancient
ocean dwellers that
sank to the bottom of
the sea.
OIL
• Crude oil is extracted
from the ground and
is refined to get
products like
petroleum jelly and
diesel.
DEFORESTATION
• It has been a long problem
in tropical countries like
the Philippines. Burning
forests release stored
carbon in trees which
contributes to more
greenhouse gases in the
atmosphere.
INDUSTRIAL
AND VEHICLE
EMISSION
• Industrial emissions are those
that are release by factories
during the manufacturing
process, as well as products
that contain greenhouse gases
that can affect the
atmosphere.
 Greenhouse Gases
Methane – these
gases are usually Nitrous oxide – it is a
released from powerful
decomposing waste greenhouses gases
from landfills, that is usually
vegetables farms, produced from
and livestock. It is
also noted to be one
fumes of factories
of the most powerful and vehicles.
greenhouses gases.
 Greenhouse Gases
Chlorofluorocarbons Carbon monoxide and
(CFCs) – Carbon dioxide –
a gas that disrupts the these two gases make
ozone layer once it up most of vehicle
reaches the upper emissions. These are
levels of the gases are products of
atmosphere. the combustion
process in the engines
of vehicles.
Greenhouse Effect
What is Greenhouse Effect and
Global Warming
• Greenhouse effect on
Earth is a normal
process.

• Greenhouse effect is
necessary for it is
Earth’s way to
maintain its surface
temperature.
 What is Greenhouse Effect and
Global Warming
• Water Vapor and
Carbon Dioxide are
natural greenhouse
gases (GHG).

• GHG help trap the heat

that is radiated from
the surface of the
earth.
 ENHANCED GREENHOUSE EFFECT
• This phenomenon
refers to the increased
effectiveness of the
greenhouse effect.

• This is due to an
unusually high
amount of greenhouse
gases in the
atmosphere.
 ENHANCED GREENHOUSE EFFECT
• Rapid technological
advances have led to
the introduction of
new gases in the
atmosphere.

• These gases are more

efficient in trapping
heat compared to just
CO2.
Where do these greenhouse gases come from?

Human Manufacturing
activities like man-made
burning of fertilizers and
break down of
fossil fuels. these fertilizers.
What is the consequence of the enhanced
greenhouse effect?
If there will be
increased amounts The
of greenhouse phenomenon is
gases, then there called global
will be an increase warming.
in the global
average
temperature.
 GLOBAL
WARMING
The gradual increase in the
overall temperature on
Earth brought about by
increased amounts of
greenhouse gases in the
atmosphere.
 Svante August Arrhenius
• A Swedish who studied the
effects of carbon dioxide to
the climate and global
temperature.

• His study led him to

conclude that reducing
carbon dioxide emissions
to half during this time
would reduce the global
temperature by 4OC to 5OC.
How is climate different from weather?
WEATHER

The state of the

atmosphere in a
certain place at a
given time.
How is climate different from weather?
CLIMATE

The long term

pattern of weather
in a specific
region.
 What is Climate Change?
It is a marked shift
in the climates on
Earth resulting in
unpredictable
changes in weather
patterns which can
be very
devastating.
 Effects of Climate Change
Melting of glaciers
– melting of
glaciers can
increase the sea
levels from 10cm to
20cm in the 20th
century.
Effects of Climate Change
Coral bleaching –
increasing ocean
acidity and
temperatures
causes the algae to
leave the corals.
 Effects of Climate Change
Drought – this can
deal massive
damage to
agricultural crops
and may lead to
famine if no
actions are take
 Effects of Climate Change
Irregularities in seasons
– It was noted by NASA
that summer is
gradually becoming long
and winters are
becoming short. This can
disrupt the behavior of
migrating animals as
well as harm their
health.
 Effects of Climate Change
Flooding – warmer
temperatures cause
more water vapor to
rise into the sky that
leads to more
precipitation and as
well as stronger
typhoon.
 Effects of Climate Change
Change in ecosystems -
rapid change in the climate
does not give organisms
enough time to adapt.
While some resilient
organisms can adapt to the
changes, some organisms
cannot leading to their
dwindling population and
eventually extinction.
COMBATING
CLIMATE
CHANGE
COMBATING CLIMATE CHANGE
Republic Act (RA) 9729 or The Climate Change Act
of 2009 - is an autonomous government body
that monitors, coordinates and implements plans
to combat climate change and its effect in the
Philippines.

Republic Act (RA) 8479 or Philippine Clean Air Act

of 1999 - addresses the need to manage air
pollution, including greenhouse gases.
COMBATING CLIMATE CHANGE
Republic Act (RA) 10174 - ensures the inclusion of the
People's Survival Fund in the budget of the
government that shall be used for mitigation and
adaptation to the effects of climate change.

These laws prescribe on how citizens should act to

combat climate change can be classified into
mitigation and adaptation activities.
 MITIGATION

It means reduction of harmful

effects or reduction of severity.

Individuals can reduce their own

carbon footprints.
Ways to reduce carbon footprints
A carbon footprint is the
total amount of
greenhouse gases
(including carbon
dioxide and methane)
that are generated by our
actions.
Ways to reduce carbon footprints
• Use less energy by turning off electrical
appliances when not in use.
• Switch to renewable energy source.
• Conserve and recycle water.
• Use public or mass transportation instead of
your personal vehicle if your destination is
nearby.
MITIGATION
 ADAPTATION
The process of adjusting to the
current and future effects of climate
change.
It aims to prepare for the impact of
climate change to the environment
and to the society.
 ADAPTATION
• Development of early alarm systems
allows the public to be prepared incase
of typhoons or heavy rains.

• Public cooling centers can be

established especially for senior
citizens and other people who are
vulnerable to high temperature.
 ADAPTATION
• Build weather resistant structures
which can adapt to heavy rainfall,
flooding, and extreme heat.
• Lessening solid waste reduces the changes
of getting blockages in the drainages in the
cities that are prone to flooding by
improving the drainage system by building
large pipes.
 ADAPTATION
Rooftop Garden
A good example of
applying mitigation
and adaptation
simultaneously.