Equation of CirClE

Form 5
Vol 6
Part 5 – Tangent
5
6. Let y = − x + c be the equation of tangent.
12
5 5
x 2 + (− x + c) 2 + 10 x + 12(− x + c) + 36 = 0
12 12
169 2 5
x + (− c + 5) x + (c 2 + 12c + 36) = 0
144 6
=0
5 169 2
(− c + 5) 2 − 4( )(c + 12c + 36) = 0
6 144
194
−4c 2 − c − 144 = 0
3
27 8
c=− or c = −
2 3
5 27 5 8
Equation of tangents: y = − x− and y = − x −
12 2 12 3

7. Let y = 4x + c be the equation of tangent.

x 2 + (4 x + c) 2 − 6 x + 2(4 x + c) − 7 = 0
17 x 2 + (8c + 2) x + (c 2 + 2c − 7) = 0
=0
(8c + 2) − 4(17)(c + 2c − 7) = 0
2 2

−4c 2 − 104c + 480 = 0

c = −30 or c = 4
Equation of tangents: y = 4 x − 30 and y = 4 x + 4

1
10. Let m be the slope of tangent.
Equation of tangent:
y+2
=m
x −1
mx − y − (2 + m) = 0
Note that the shortest distance from the centre to the tangent is the radius.

Centre = (4,1) , Radius = 42 + 12 − 8 = 3

By the shortest distance formula,

4m − 1 − (2 + m)
=3
m2 + 1

4m − 1 − (2 + m) 4m − 1 − (2 + m)
= 3 or = −3
m2 + 1 m2 + 1
m − 1 = m 2 + 1 or − (m − 1) = m 2 + 1

m 2 − 2m + 1 = m 2 + 1
m=0
 Equations of tangents: x = 1, y = −2

11. Let m be the slope of tangent.

Equation of tangent:
y+4
=m
x −3
mx − y − (3m + 4) = 0
Note that the shortest distance from the centre to the tangent is the radius.

Centre = (−1, 4) , Radius = 12 + 42 − 9 = 8

By the shortest distance formula,

−m − 4 − (3m + 4)
= 8
m2 + 1

−m − 4 − (3m + 4) − m − 4 − (3m + 4)
= 8 or =− 8
m2 + 1 m2 + 1
−4m − 8 = 8m 2 + 8 or − 4m − 8 = − 8m 2 + 8
16m 2 + 64m + 64 = 8m 2 + 8
8m 2 + 64m + 56 = 0
m = −1 or m = −7
 Equations of tangents: y = − x − 1 and y = −7 x + 17
2
 1
12. (a) Let y = − x + c be the equation of tangent.
3
1 1
x 2 + (− x + c) 2 − 6 x + 2(− x + c) − 3 = 0
3 3
10 2 2 20
x + (− c − ) x + (c 2 + 2c) = 0
9 3 3
=0
2 20 10
(− c − )2 − 4( )(c 2 + 2c) = 0
3 3 9
400
−4c 2 + =0
9
10 10
c= or c = −
3 3
1 10 1 10
Equation of tangents: y = − x + and y = − x −
3 3 3 3
1 10
(b) For y = − x + ,
3 3
10 2 80 160
x − x+ =0
9 9 9
x = 4, y = 2
Point of contact = (4, 2)
1 10
For y = − x − ,
3 3
10 2 40 40
x − x+ =0
9 9 9
x = 2, y = −4
Point of contact = (2, −4)
13. (a) Put x = 7, y = 1

7 2 + 12 − 6(7) + 4(1) − 12 = 0

Yes, it lies on the circle.

(b) Centre = (3, −2)
Equation of tangent:
y −1 −2 − 1 4
= (−1)  ( )=−
x−7 3−7 3
4 x + 3 y − 31 = 0

3
14. (a) x 2 + y 2 = 144

3 3
(b) sin  = =
32 + 42 5
OP 12
OQ = = = 20
sin  0.6

15. (a) (i) Q = (0,5)

(ii) ( x + 2) 2 + ( y − 5) 2 = 4

 y = mx
(b) 
( x + 2) + ( y − 5) = 4
2 2

(1 + m 2 ) x 2 + (4 − 10m) x + 25 = 0

=0
(4 − 10m) 2 − 4(1 + m 2 )(25) = 0
21
m=−
20
(c) (i) PQO = 90(tangent ⊥ radius)
PRO = 90(tangent ⊥ radius)
PQO + PRO = 180
O, Q, P, R are concyclic (opp.s supp.)

(ii) Diameter = OP = 29

29
Radius =
2
5
Centre = (−1, )
2
5 29
Equation of circle: ( x + 1) 2 + ( y − ) 2 =
2 4

4
Part 6 – Shortest/Farthest distance

2. Centre = (8,5) , radius = 82 + 52 + 32 = 11

Shortest distance from centre to L

13(8) + 10(5) + 115

= = 269
132 + 102

Shortest distance from P to L = 269 − 11

Part 7 – Equation of circle + locus

2. (a) (i) B = (k , 2)
k −2 k +2
(ii) Mid-point of AB = ( , )
2 2
k −2 k +2
Slope of  = (−1)  ( )=
−2 − k k −2
Equation of  :
k +2
y −( )
2 = k +2
k −2
x−( ) k −2
2
2 y − (k + 2) k + 2
=
2 x − (k − 2) k − 2
(k + 2) x − (k − 2) y = 0
Put x = 0, y = 0
LHS = (k + 2)(0) − (k − 2)(0) = 0 = RHS
 passes through the origin.
(iii) Note that AOB = 90 , AB is a diameter of C.
k −2 k +2
Centre = ( , )
2 2

 k −2  k +2 (k − 2) 2 + (k + 2) 2 2k 2 + 8 k2 + 4
2 2

Radius =   +  = = =
 2   2  4 4 2

Equation of C:

k −2  k +2 k2 + 4
2 2

x−  + y −  =
 2   2  2

5
(b) (i) Put x = −10, y = 0
k −2 k +2 k2 + 4
2 2

 −10 −  +  =
 2   2  2
k −2  k +2 k2 + 4
2 2

 + 10 +
   =
 2   2  2
k 2 + 36k + 324 k 2 + 4k + 4 k 2 + 4
+ =
4 4 2
k + 36k + 324 + k + 4k + 4 = 2k 2 + 8
2 2

40k = −320
k = −8

 3
 y= x
(ii)  5

( x + 5) + ( y + 3) = 34
2 2

3x
( x + 5) 2 + ( + 3) 2 = 34
5
2
9 x 18
x 2 + 10 x + 25 + + x + 9 = 34
25 5
34 2 68
x + x=0
25 5
x = 0 or x = −10
When x = −10, y = −6
C = (−10, −6)

Perimeter = 2( (−2 + 10)2 + (−8 + 6)) + 2( 82 + 22 ) = 2 68 + 2 68 = 4 68 = 8 17