New L J Institute of Engineering and Technology Semester: III (2021)

Subject Name: Data Structures

Subject Code : 3130702
Faculties: Saurin Dave, Aditi Kinkhabwala, Pooja Vyas, Drashti Mori

Sr. CHAPTER NO- 1: INTRODUCTION TO DATA STRUCTURE Marks

No
TOPIC:1 Data Management Concepts
SHORT QUESTIONS
1 Define data structure. (Jan-2016-OLD)[NLJIET] 1
2 Define Abstract Data Type. [NLJIET] 1
3 What is the 2’s complement representation for integer 5 in modulo 16? 1
(May-2017-OLD)[NLJIET]
4 What is the result of 7+7 using 2’s complement representation and modulo 16 arithmetic 1
(May-2017-OLD)[NLJIET]
DESCRIPTIVE QUESTIONS
1 What does abstract data type means? (Dec-2010-OLD)[NLJIET] 2
2 What is the problem with sign and magnitude representation if addition of +7 with -6 is 3
performed? Evaluate 7+7 using 2’s complement representation and modulo 16 arithmetic.
(Nov-2017-OLD)[NLJIET]
TOPIC:2 Data types – Primitive and Non-primitive
SHORT QUESTIONS
1 Define primitive data structure. (Jun-2016-OLD)[NLJIET] 1
Explain Primitive data structure. (Jan-2017-OLD)[NLJIET] 1
2 Explain Non-primitive data structure. (Jan-2017-OLD)[NLJIET] 1
DESCRIPTIVE QUESTIONS
1 Differentiate Primitive and Non-Primitive Data Structures (May-2011-OLD)[NLJIET] 2
What do you mean by Data Structure? Give the difference between Primitive and Non- 3.5
primitive data structures. (Dec-2013-OLD)[NLJIET]
Define primitive and non-primitive data types with example. (Nov-2019-OLD)[NLJIET] 3
Compare primitive and non-primitive data types (data structures). (Mar-2021-NEW)[NLJIET] 4
2 How primitive data type floating point is stored in computer? (Nov-2017-OLD)[NLJIET] 3
3 Differentiate between data types and data structures. (Oct-2020-NEW)[NLJIET] 3
TOPIC:3 Performance Analysis and Measurement
SHORT QUESTIONS
1 Explain space and time complexity. (Jun-2016-OLD)[NLJIET] 1
Explain Time complexity of an algorithm. (Jan-2017-OLD)[NLJIET] 1
DESCRIPTIVE QUESTIONS
1 Define following terms 7
(1) Time and space complexity of an algorithm
(2) Sparse matrix
(3) Sequential, direct and Index sequential access of files (Mar-2010-OLD)[NLJIET]
2 Define Algorithm. Write an algorithm to multiply two matrices. Also Perform Time 7
Analysis for the same. (May-2011-OLD)[NLJIET]
Write algorithm to sum values in vector V and find out the execution time required. 4
(Jun-2015-OLD)[NLJIET]
Write an algorithm for finding average of given numbers. Calculate time complexity. 3
(May-2017-OLD)[NLJIET]
Write an algorithm for calculating square of the number for all the prime numbers ranging 4
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 New L J Institute of Engineering and Technology Semester: III (2021)

between 1 to n. Perform time and space analysis. (Nov-2017-OLD)[NLJIET]

3 Define Time complexity and Space complexity. Calculate time complexity 2
for given expression.
for (k=0; k<n; k++)
{
rows[k] = 0;
for(j=0; j<n; j++)
{
rows[k] = rows[k] + matrix[k][j];
total = total + matrix[k][j];
}
} (May-2012-OLD)[NLJIET]
4 Write short note on performance analysis and performance measurement of an algorithm. 7
(Jan-2015-OLD)[NLJIET]
5 Discuss best case, average case and worst case time analysis with example. 4
(Jan-2015-OLD)[NLJIET]
6 Explain average case timing analysis for Search Algorithm. (Nov-2018-OLD)[NLJIET] 4
7 Explain time and space complexity of an algorithm. (Mar-2021-OLD)[NLJIET] 3
TOPIC: 4 Types of Data Structures- Linear & Non Linear Data
Structures.
SHORT QUESTIONS
1 Define Linear data Structure. [NLJIET] 1
Explain Linear data structure. (Jan-2017-OLD)[NLJIET] 1
2 Define Non Linear Data Structure. [NLJIET] 1
Explain Non-linear data structure. (Jan-2017-OLD)[NLJIET] 1
DESCRIPTIVE QUESTIONS
1 Discuss the basic operations performed with linear structure. (Dec-2009-OLD)[NLJIET] 5
2 Briefly explain various linear and non-linear data structures along with their applications. 7
(Jun-2015-OLD)[NLJIET]
3 Define data structure. List the various linear and non-linear data structures and explain them 5
in brief. (Dec-2009-OLD)[NLJIET]
What is the difference between linear and nonlinear data structure. 2
(Dec-2010-OLD)(May-2011-OLD)[NLJIET]
What is Data Structure? Give the difference between Linear and Non-Linear Data 3
Structures. (Dec-2011-OLD)[NLJIET]
What is data structure? Explain linear and non-linear data structure with example. 3
(May-2012-OLD)(Jan-2015-OLD)[NLJIET]
Define data structure. Briefly explain linear and non linear data structures with their 7
applications. (Jun-2014-OLD)[NLJIET]
What is data structure? Explain different types of data structures with applications. 7
(Jan-2017-OLD)[NLJIET]
Differentiate between linear and non linear data structures. (May-2018-OLD)[NLJIET] 3
Define Data Structure and differentiate between linear and nonlinear data structures. 3
(Jun-2019)[NLJIET]
Differentiate linear and non-linear data structures. (Nov-2019-OLD)[NLJIET] 4
4 What does abstract data type means? Briefly explain linear and non linear data structures. 7
(Jun-2017-OLD)(Jan-2016-OLD)[NLJIET]
5 Which data structure is used in a time sharing single central processing unit and one main 4
memory computer system where many users share the system simultaneously? How users
are added for use of the system? (Nov-2017-OLD)[NLJIET]
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6 Discuss various types of data structures with example.(Nov-2019-NEW)[NLJIET] 3

7 Answer the followings: 4

(1) Give examples of Linear and Non-Linear Data Structures.
(2) What do you mean by Abstract Data Types? (Oct-2020-NEW)[NLJIET]
8 Explain primitive, non-primitive, linear and non-linear data structures 4
(Mar-2021-OLD)[NLJIET]

CHAPTER NO- 2 : LINEAR DATA STRUCTURE

TOPIC:1 Array: Representation of Arrays
SHORT QUESTIONS
1 Define Array. [NLJIET] 1
2 List advantage of array. [NLJIET] 1
3 Define Multi Dimension Array. [NLJIET] 1
DESCRIPTIVE QUESTIONS
1 Write short note on Storage representation of 2 Dimensional array. 3.5
(Dec-2011-OLD)[NLJIET]
2 Given a two dimensional array Z1(2:9, 9:18) stored in column-major order with base 3.5
address 100 and size of each element is 4 bytes, find address of the element Z1(4, 12).
(May-2012-OLD)[NLJIET]
3 Explain Multidimensional Array. How it is stored in memory? (Dec-2013-OLD)[NLJIET] 3.5
4 Explain the equation that finds out the address of the element of the one dimensional array. 3
Assume necessary data. (Jun-2015-OLD)[NLJIET]
5 Differentiate between arrays and linked list. (Jan-2016-OLD)[NLJIET] 4
6 Given a two dimensional array A1(1:8, 7:14) stored in row-major order with base address 7
100 and size of each element is 4 bytes, find address of the element A1(4, 12).
(Jan-2016-OLD)[NLJIET]
7 Explain row-major and column major Representation. [NLJIET] 4
8 Derive the formula to calculate address A[i, j] of 2-D array, for a Row-major order storage 7
representation.A 2-D array defined as A[r, c] where 1 ≤ r ≤ 4, 5≤ c ≤ 8, requires 2 bytes of
memory for each element. If the array is stored in Row-major order form, calculate the
address of A[3,7] given the Base address as 2000. (Jan-2017-OLD)[NLJIET]
9 A two dimensional array is stored row by row, then what is the address of matrix element 3
A[i,j] for n row and m column matrix? How array representation of polynomial 2x 2+5xy+y2
can be done? (Nov-2017-OLD)[NLJIET]
TOPIC:2 Applications of Arrays, Sparse Matrix and its Representation
SHORT QUESTIONS
1 Define Sparse Matrix [NLJIET] 1
DESCRIPTIVE QUESTIONS
1 Explain concept of Sparse Matrix with Example. [NLJIET] 4
What is sparse matrix? Explain. (Dec-2010-OLD)[NLJIET] 2
What is sparse matrix? Explain memory representation of sparse matrix. 4
(May-2012-OLD)[NLJIET]
Define sparse matrix. Briefly explain representation of sparse matrix with the 7
help of link list and array.(Jun-2013-OLD)[NLJIET]
What is a sparse matrix? Explain memory representation of a sparse matrix. 7
(Jan-2017-OLD)[NLJIET]
State at least one efficient representation of a sparse matrix. (Nov-2019-NEW)[NLJIET] 4

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 New L J Institute of Engineering and Technology Semester: III (2021)

TOPIC:3 Stack-Definitions & Concepts, Operations on Stacks

SHORT QUESTIONS
1 List operations performed on a stack. (Jan-2016-OLD)[NLJIET] 1
2 Define Stack. [NLJIET] 1
3 What is overflow in stack? [NLJIET] 1
4 How many stacks are needed to implement a queue. Consider the situation where no other 1
data structure like arrays, linked list is available. (May-2017-OLD)[NLJIET]
DESCRIPTIVE QUESTIONS
1 Write the implementation procedure of basic primitive operations of the stack using: 5
(i) Linear array (ii) linked list. (Dec-2009-OLD)[NLJIET]
2 Write an algorithm to change the i th value of stack to value X. (Dec-2010-OLD)[NLJIET] 2
Write an algorithm to return the value of ith element from top of the stack. 3
(May-2017-OLD)[NLJIET]
3 What do you mean by FIFO and LIFO? (Dec-2011-OLD)[NLJIET] 2
4 Differentiate peep() and pop() functions. (Jun-2014-OLD)[NLJIET] 3
5 Write a C program to implement a stack with all necessary overflow and underflow checks 7
using array. (Jan-2016-OLD)[NLJIET]
Write a ‘C’ program to implement a stack. Do check for overflow and underflow. 7
(Jun-2016-OLD)[NLJIET]
Write algorithm OR code for PUSH, POP and DISPLAY function of the STACK. 7
(Jan-2017-OLD)[NLJIET]
Write a C program to implement stack using array with push, pop and display functions. 7
(Mar-2021-OLD)[NLJIET]
6 Write an algorithm to reverse a string using stack. (Jun-2016-OLD)[NLJIET] 4
7 Write an algorithm for push, pop and empty operations on stack. Using above functions 7
write an algorithm to determine if an input character string is of the form a ibi where i>=1
i.e. no of a should be equal to no of b. (Mar-2010-OLD)[NLJIET]
Write down algorithms for performing push and pop operations on a stack. 4
(May-2011-OLD)[NLJIET]
Write an algorithm to implement PUSH, POP and CHANGE Operations on Stack 7
(Dec-2011-OLD)(May-2012-OLD)[NLJIET]
Explain PUSH and POP operation of the stack with algorithm. 7
(Jan-2013-OLD)(Jan-2015-OLD)(Jun-2015-OLD)(Jun-2017-OLD)
Write an algorithm to implement PUSH and POP Operations on Stack. 7
(Jan-2016-OLD)[NLJIET]
Write an algorithm for stack operations Push, Pop and Empty. Assume stack is 7
implemented using array. (Jun-2013-OLD)[NLJIET]
What is Stack? Write down algorithms for performing POP and PEEP operations on a stack. 7
(Dec-2013-OLD)[NLJIET]
What is Stack? List out different operation of it and write algorithm for any two operation. 7
(Jan-2015-OLD)[NLJIET]
Write a pseudo-code for PUSH and POP operations of stack. (Jan-2017-OLD)[NLJIET] 4
Write an algorithm for inserting an element in a stack, removing an element from stack. 4
(May-2017-OLD)[NLJIET]
Write algorithm for code for PUSH, POP and DISPLAY function of the STACK. 7
(Jan-2017-OLD)[NLJIET]
Write steps of procedure to insert an element to the top of the stack and remove top element 7
from a stack. (Jun-2015-OLD)[NLJIET]
Write algorithms for Push and Pop operations on a stack. (Nov-2018-OLD)[NLJIET] 7
Write a pseudocode for PUSH and POP operations of stack. (Jun-2019)[NLJIET] 4
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 New L J Institute of Engineering and Technology Semester: III (2021)

Write algorithms for PUSH and POP stack operations. (Nov-2019)[NLJIET] 7

8 (i) In which case insertion and deletion cannot be performed in stack? 7
(ii) How stack can be used to recognize strings aca, bcb, abcba, bacab, abbcbba?
Show the trace of contents of stack for recognizing the string abcba.
(Nov-2017-OLD)[NLJIET]
9 Write recursive algorithm for computing factorial. Which data structure can be used to 4
implement this algorithm? (Nov-2017-OLD)[NLJIET]
10 Consider the stack S of characters, where S is allocated 8 memory cells. 4
S: A,C,D, F, K, _, _, _
Describe the stack as the following operations take place.
Pop(), Pop() ,Push(L), Push(P), Pop(), Push(R), Push (S), Pop()
(May-2018-OLD)[NLJIET]
11 What is stack? Why do we use multiple stacks? (Mar-2021-NEW)[NLJIET] 3
TOPIC:4 Applications of Stacks, Polish Expression, Reverse Polish
Expression And Their Compilation
SHORT QUESTIONS 1
1 List the applications of Stack. (Jun-2016-OLD)[NLJIET] 1
2 What is RPN? [NLJIET] 1
3 What is Polish Notation? [NLJIET] 1
4 What is the reverse polish notation for infix expression a / b *c ? 1
(May-2017-OLD)[NLJIET]
5 Arithmetic expression evaluation is an explanation of which data structure? 1
(May-2017-OLD)[NLJIET]
DESCRIPTIVE QUESTIONS
1 What are the applications of the stack? (May-2012-OLD)[NLJIET] 3.5
Enlist and briefly explain various applications of stack. (Jan-2017-OLD)[NLJIET] 3
Give various applications of stack and queue. (Jun-2016-OLD)[NLJIET] 6
2 Write an algorithm to check if an expression has balanced parenthesis using stack. 3
(Jan-2016-OLD)[NLJIET]
3 Consider the following arithmetic expression P, written in postfix notation. Translate it in 3
infix notation and evaluate.
P: 12, 7, 3, -, /, 2, 1, 5, +, *, + (Dec-2009-OLD)[NLJIET]
4 Write an algorithm to reverse a string of characters using stack.(Jun-2015-OLD)[NLJIET] 7
Write a C program to reverse a string using stack. (Jun-2019-OLD)[NLJIET] 7
5 What is top of stack? Why stack is called LIFO list? (Oct-2020-NEW)[NLJIET] 4
6 Transform the following expression to postfix(reverse polish)and evaluate postfix 3
expression by assuming A=1,B=2,C=3,D=4,E=6,F=6,G=1,I=3 and J=3
A +B-C*D/E +F$G/(I+J) (Mar-2010-OLD)[NLJIET]
7 Convert the following string into prefix : 2
A-B/(C*D^E) (Dec-2010-OLD)(May-2011-OLD)[NLJIET]
Convert following Infix expression into Postfix and Prefix expression. 3
a – b / c * d + e * f / g (Dec-2011-OLD)[NLJIET]
Evaluate following prefix expression. 3
+*AB-C+C*BA (A= 4, B=8,C=12) (May-2012-OLD)[NLJIET]
Convert the following infix expression to postfix prefix form. 3.5
(( A –( B +C))* D) $ ( E +F ) (Jan-2015-OLD)[NLJIET]
Evaluate the following infix expression. 3.5
2 $ 3 + 5 * 2 $ 2 – 6 / 6 (Jan-2015-OLD)[NLJIET]
What is prefix notation? Convert the following infix expression into prefix. 4
A + B – C * D * E $ F $ G (Jan-2017-OLD)[NLJIET]
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 New L J Institute of Engineering and Technology Semester: III (2021)

Convert the following infix expressions to their prefix and postfix equivalents. 4
1. A*B+C/D
2. (A*B)+(C/D)-(D+E) (Mar-2021-NEW)[NLJIET]
8 Trace the conversion of infix to postfix form in tabular form. 7
(i) ( A + B * C / D - E + F / G / ( H + I ) )
(ii) ( A + B ) * C + D / ( B + A * C ) + D (Dec-2009-OLD)[NLJIET]
Convert following expression into postfix notation. 7
(i) A + ( B - C ) * D (ii) A ^ B * C \ D
(iii) (A + B) \ C * D ^ E (Jan-2013-OLD)[NLJIET]
Convert following infix expressions to the postfix expressions. Shows stack trace. 7
A/B$C+D*E/F-G+H
(A+B)*D+E/(F+G*D)+C (Jun-2013-OLD)[NLJIET]
Convert following Infix expression into Postfix expression. Show each step. 3.5
A + B ^ C^ D - E * F / G (Dec-2013-OLD)[NLJIET]
Convert A+(B*C-(D/E^F)*G) infix expression into postfix format showing stack status 7
after every step in tabular form.(Jan-2015-OLD)[NLJIET]
What is postfix notation? What are its advantages? Convert the following infix expression 4
to postfix.
A$B-C*D+E$F/G (Jan-2016-OLD)[NLJIET]
Convert the following expression to postfix notation. Show the contents of the stack while 7
conversion.
12 / (7 - 3) + 2 * (1 + 5) (Jun-2016-OLD)[NLJIET]
Convert the following infix expression into postfix. 3
A + B – C * D * E $ F $ G (Jan-2017-OLD)[NLJIET]
Convert the following infix expression to postfix form using Stack. 7
(( A – (B + C)) × D) / (E + F) (Jan-2017-OLD)[NLJIET]
Convert following infix expressions to the postfix expressions. Shows stack 7
Trace.
A/B$C+D*E/F-G+H
(A+B)*D+E/(F+G*D)+C (Jun-2017-OLD)[NLJIET]
(i) Convert a+b*c-d/e*h to postfix. 7
(ii) Convert ((a+b^c^d)*(e+f/d)) to postfix.
(iii)Which stack operations are needed for performing conversion from infix to postfix?
Write the algorithm. (Nov-2017-OLD)[NLJIET]
Convert Infix Expression A ^ B * C - D + E / F / (G + H) into Postfix expression using 3
stack. (Nov-2018-OLD)[NLJIET]
9 Write an algorithm for evaluation of postfix expression and evaluation the following 7
expression showing every status of stack in tabular form. (Dec-2009-OLD)[NLJIET]
(i) 5 4 6 + * 4 9 3 / + * (ii) 7 5 2 + * 4 1 1 + / -
Write a Short note on Evaluation of Postfix Expression using Stack. 3.5
(Dec-2011)[NLJIET]
Evaluate the following postfix expression using a stack. Show the stack contents. 3
AB*CD$-EF/G/+
A=5, B=2, C=3, D=2, E=8, F=2, G=2 (Jan-2016-OLD)[NLJIET]
Find value of following postfix expression using stack trace. 7
(i) 5 4 6 + * 4 9 3 / + *
(ii) 3 5 * 6 2 / +. (Jan-2013-OLD)[NLJIET]
Write an algorithm for evaluation of postfix expression and evaluate the following 7
expression showing every status of stack in tabular form.
5 6 2 - * 4 9 3 / + * (Jan-2016-OLD)[NLJIET]
Evaluate the following postfix expression using stack: 3
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(a) 9 3 4 * 8 + 4 / - (b) 5 6 2 + * 1 2 4 / - + (Jun-2016-OLD)[NLJIET]

Evaluate the following postfix expression using a stack. Show the steps. 3
2 $ 3 + 5 * 2 $ 2 – 12 $ 6 (May-2018-OLD)[NLJIET]
Evaluate the Postfix Expression 6 2 3 + - 3 8 2 / + * 2 $ 3 + using Stack. 3
(Nov-2018)[NLJIET]
Evaluate the following postfix expression in tabular form showing stack after every step.
7 6 + 4 * 4 10 + - 5 + (Jun-2019-OLD)[NLJIET] 3
Evaluate the following postfix expression using stack. Show each step 4
5 3 + 6 2 / * 3 5 * + .(Nov-2019-OLD)[NLJIET]
Evaluate the following postfix expression using stack. 3
53+62/*35*+ (Mar-2021-NEW)[NLJIET]
Evaluate the following postfix expression using stack 4
AB+CD/*GH*+ ((where A=2,B=4,C=6,D=3,G=8,H=7) (Jun-2014-OLD)[NLJIET]
Evaluate following expression using stack. 3
6 2 3 + - 3 8 2 / + * 2 $ 3 + (Mar-2021-OLD)[NLJIET]
10 Write an algorithm to convert infix expression to postfix expression. 5
(Dec-2009-OLD)[NLJIET]
Write an algorithm to convert infix expression into postfix expression with parenthesis 5
(May-2012-OLD)[NLJIET]
Write an algorithm to convert parenthesized infix expression to postfix. 3
(May-2011-OLD)[NLJIET]
Write an algorithm to convert infix to postfix expression and explain it with example 7
(Jun-2014-OLD)[NLJIET]
What is importance of postfix notation? Write the algorithm for converting an infix 7
expression to postfix notation.(Jun-2016-OLD)[NLJIET]
Write an algorithm to convert infix to postfix expression and explain it with example. 7
(Jun-2017-OLD)[NLJIET]
Write an algorithm to convert an infix expression to postfix expression. 7
Show the working of the algorithm for the following expression.
A+B*C/D$E-(F*G) (May-2018-OLD)[NLJIET]
Write an algorithms to convert Infix Expression(without parenthesis) into Postfix 7
Expression. (Nov-2018-OLD)[NLJIET]
Write a 'C' program or an algorithm to convert infix expression without parenthesis to 7
postfix expression. (Jan-2015-OLD)[NLJIET]
Convert the following expression into postfix form. 4
1. A ^ B * C - D + E / F / ( G + H )
2. ( A + B ^ C ^ D ) * ( E + F / D ) (Mar-2021-OLD)[NLJIET]
11 What is the advantage of postfix expression over infix expression? Write an algorithm of 7
postfix expression evaluation. (Jun-2013-OLD)[NLJIET]
12 Translate the following string into Polish notation and trace the content of stack 7
(a + b ^ c ^ d) * ( e + f / d ) (Dec-2010-OLD)[NLJIET]
13 Translate the following string into polish notation and trace the content of stack 7
A - ( B / C + (D % E * F) / G ) * H (Jun-2014-OLD)[NLJIET]
14 What is the advantage of Polish expression over infix notation? Write an algorithm to 7
convert an infix expression into reverse Polish expression. (Jun-2015-OLD)[NLJIET]
15 Convert the following Polish(prefix) expression to Reverse Polish(suffix) notation 4
(Jun-2015-OLD)[NLJIET]
a. ++abc
b. +a+bc
c. +a*bc
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d. *a+bc
TOPIC:5 Recursion, Tower of Hanoi
SHORT QUESTIONS
1 Define Recursion.[NLJIET] 1
Explain Recursion. (Jan-2017-OLD)[NLJIET] 1
2 What Tower of Hanoi.[NLJIET] 1
DESCRIPTIVE QUESTIONS
1 Explain problem of Tower of Hanoi and explain its solution. [NLJIET] 4
2 What is recursion? Write a C program for GCD using recursion. 4
(Dec-2009-OLD)[NLJIET]
3 Give difference between recursion and iteration (Dec-2010-OLD)[NLJIET] 2
4 Explain Recursion with the help of an Example. (May-2011-OLD)[NLJIET] 3
5 What is recursion? What care should be taken in writing recursive function? Give example 4
of any one recursive function. (Dec-2011-OLD)[NLJIET]
Define recursion. What care should be taken in writing recursive function? Give a recursive 7
solution for the problem of “Towers of Hanoi”.
(Jun-2017-OLD)(Jun-2016-OLD)[NLJIET]
6 What is Tower of Hanoi? Explain it with n=3. (May-2012-OLD)[NLJIET] 4
7 Enlist difference between recursive and iterative algorithms. Write any one recursive 7
function showing the stack contents while function call and return.
(Jan-2016-OLD)[NLJIET]
8 Write a recursive algorithm to find factorial. (Jun-2015-OLD)[NLJIET] 4
9 What is Recursion? Write a pseudocode in ‘C’ language to find the multiplication of two 3
natural numbers. (Nov-2018-OLD)[NLJIET]
10 Write recursive algorithm to compute factorial of a given number. Which data structure can 4
be used to implement this algorithm? (Jun-2019-OLD)[NLJIET]
11 Write a recursive function to compute factorial of a number. Show usage of STACK in 7
recursion for this function. (Nov-2019-NEW)[NLJIET]
TOPIC:6 Queue: Representation of Queue, Operations on Queue
SHORT QUESTIONS
1 Mention variations of the queue data structure. (Jan-2016-OLD)[NLJIET] 1
2 Define Queue.[NLJIET] 1
3 What is Front and Rear Pointer in Queue?[NLJIET] 1
DESCRIPTIVE QUESTIONS
1 Write the implementation procedure of basic primitive operations of the Queue using: 5
(i) Linear array (ii) linked list. (Mar-2010-OLD)[NLJIET]
2 Write an algorithm for simple queue with ENQUEUE operations. 3
(Jun-2016-OLD)[NLJIET]
Write an algorithm to implement insert and delete operations in a simple queue. 7
(Jan-2015-OLD)(Jun-2015)[NLJIET]
Write an algorithm for inserting and deleting an element from queue. 7
(Jun-2015-OLD)[NLJIET]
Write an algorithm to perform various operations (insert, delete and display) for simple 7
queue. (Jan-2017-OLD)[NLJIET]
Write algorithm OR code for INSERT, DELETE and DISPLAY function of the QUEUE. 7
(Jan-2017-OLD)[NLJIET]
Write an algorithm to perform insert and delete operations on simple queue. 7
(Mar-2021-NEW)[NLJIET]
3 Consider an example where the size of the queue is four elements. Initially the queue is 7
empty. It is required to insert symbols ‘A’,’B’ and ‘C’. delete ‘A’ and ‘B’ and insert ‘D’
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and ‘E’. Show the trace of the contents of the queue. (May-2017-OLD)[NLJIET]
4 Write a program to perform insert and delete routines on a queue. 7
(Jan-2016-OLD)[NLJIET]
Write a C functions for insertion and deletion operation in simple queue. 7
(Nov-2019)[NLJIET]
Discuss and write a program to implement queue functions using arrays. 7
(Oct-2020-NEW)[NLJIET]
5 Write a program to implement queue and check for boundary conditions. 7
(May-2018-OLD)[NLJIET]
6 State disadvantages of simple queue. How to overcome it? (Nov-2019-NEW)[NLJIET] 4
7 Explain Difference between Stack and Queue. (Dec-2009-OLD)[NLJIET] 2
Differentiate between Stack and Queue. (Nov-2018-OLD)[NLJIET] 4
Distinguish between stack and queue. (Oct-2020-NEW)[NLJIET] 3
TOPIC:7 Circular Queue
SHORT QUESTIONS
1 Define Circular Queue.[NLJIET] 1
DESCRIPTIVE QUESTIONS
1 Consider the following queue, where queue is a circular queue having 6 2
memory cells. Front=2, Rear=4
Queue: _, A, C, D, _, _
Describe queue as following operation take place:
F is added to the queue
Two letters are deleted
R is added to the queue
S is added to the queue
One letter is deleted (Dec-2010-OLD)[NLJIET]
2 Write a C program to implement a circular queue using array with all necessary overflow 7
and underflow checks. (Jan-2016-OLD)[NLJIET]
3 Perform following operations in a circular queue of length 4 and give the Front, Rear and 4
Size of the queue after each operation. (Jan-2016-OLD)[NLJIET]
1) Insert A, B
2) Insert C
3) Delete
4) Insert D
5) Insert E
6) Insert F
7) Delete
4 Write a program to implement circular queue using array. 7
(Jun-2016-OLD)[NLJIET]
Write a Program to perform insert and delete operations on a circular Queue. 7
(May-2011-OLD)[NLJIET]
Write an algorithm/program to implement insert operation into a Circular Queue using array 6
representation of Queue. (Dec-2011-OLD)[NLJIET]
Write an algorithm/program to implement Delete operation into a Circular Queue using 6
array representation of Queue. (Dec-2011-OLD)[NLJIET]
Write an algorithm for circular queue that insert an element at rear end. 4
(May-2012-OLD)[NLJIET]
Explain insert and delete function of circular queue. (Jan-2013-OLD)[NLJIET] 7
Write an algorithm to implement insert and delete operation into a Circular Queue using 7
array representation of Queue. (Dec-2013-OLD)[NLJIET]

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 New L J Institute of Engineering and Technology Semester: III (2021)

Write user defined C function for inserting an element into circular queue. 7
(Jan-2015-OLD)[NLJIET]
What is a Queue? Write down drawback of simple queue. Also write an algorithm for 7
deleting an element from circular queue
(Jan-2015-OLD)[NLJIET]
Write differences between simple queue and circular queue. Write an algorithm for insert 7
and delete operations for circular queue. (Jan-2017-OLD)[NLJIET]
Write algorithm for inserting and deleting an element in circular queue. 7
(May-2017-OLD)[NLJIET]
Write a Program to perform insert and delete operations on a circular Queue. 7
(Jun-2017-OLD)[NLJIET]
What is a circular queue? Write an algorithm for inserting and deleting an element from a 7
circular queue. (Jun-2015-OLD)[NLJIET]
Write algorithms for Insert and Delete operation in Circular Queue. 7
(Nov-2018-OLD)[NLJIET]
Write an algorithm to delete an element from circular queue. Show the steps of insertion 7
and deletion operation in sample circular queue. (Nov-2019-OLD)[NLJIET]
Write an algorithm for INSERT, DELETE and DISPLAY function of Circular Queue. 7
(Nov-2019-NEW)[NLJIET]
Design an algorithm to perform insert operation in circular queue. 4
(Mar-2021-NEW)[NLJIET]
5 Give the difference between Simple Queue and Circular Queue. 3
(Dec-2011-OLD)[NLJIET]
Compare Simple Queue and Circular Queue.(Dec-2013-OLD)(Jun-2015-OLD)[NLJIET] 3.5
Explain the concept of circular queue. Compare circular queue with simple queue. 4
(Jun-2016-OLD)[NLJIET]
Explain with example: circular queue (Mar-2021-OLD)[NLJIET] 3
6 Compare: (1) Linked-list and Array (2) Circular queue and Simple Queue. [NLJIET] 7
7 Consider a circular queue of size 6. (Jun-2016-OLD)[NLJIET] 7
Let Front =2, Rear =4, and Queue : __, L, M, N, __, __
Describe the queue as following operations are performed.
1) Add O
2) Add P
3) Delete
4) Delete
5) Add Q, R, S
6) Delete
8 What is the advantage of circular queue? Write an algorithm for inserting ‘A’, ’B’, ’C’, 7
delete ‘A’ and ‘B’ and insert ‘D’ and ‘E’ in circular queue. (Nov-2017-OLD)[NLJIET]
9 Write algorithm for inserting an element in circular queue and deleting a node from a singly 7
linked list. (Jun-2019-OLD)[NLJIET]
10 What is a circular queue? How do you check the queue full condition? Write an algorithm 7
to count the nodes in a circular queue. (Oct-2020-NEW)[NLJIET]
TOPIC:8 Priority Queue, Array Representation of Priority Queue
SHORT QUESTIONS
1 Is Queue a priority queue? Justify. (Jan-2016-OLD)[NLJIET] 1
2 Define priority queue. (Jun-2016-OLD)[NLJIET] 1
Explain Priority queue. (Jan-2017-OLD)[NLJIET] 1
DESCRIPTIVE QUESTIONS
1 Explain following: (Dec-2009-OLD)[NLJIET] 6

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 New L J Institute of Engineering and Technology Semester: III (2021)

(i) DQUEUE (ii) Priority Queue (iii) Circular Queue.

2 Write an algorithm to implement ascending priority queue using singular linear linked list 7
which has insert() function such that queue remains ordered list. Also implement remove()
function (Mar-2010-OLD)[NLJIET]
3 Explain priority queue (Dec-2010-OLD)[NLJIET] 2
Write a Short note on Priority Queue. (Dec-2011-OLD)[NLJIET] 3
What are priority queues? Explain it’s uses (Jun-2014-OLD)[NLJIET] 2
How does priority queue work? (Nov-2017-OLD)[NLJIET] 3
Explain Priority Queue? (Nov-2018-OLD)[NLJIET] 3
Illustrate the working of priority queue with suitable example. (Jun-2019-OLD)[NLJIET] 3
Explain with example: priority queue (Mar-2021-OLD)[NLJIET] 3
4 Describe: (1) Recursion (2) Priority Queue (3) Tower of Hanoi (Jun-2015-OLD)[NLJIET] 7
5 What is priority queue? Explain the array representation of priority queue. 7
(May-2017)(June-2016-OLD)[NLJIET]
What is a priority queue? Discuss the array implementation of priority queue. 7
(Jan-2017-OLD)[NLJIET]
What is priority queue? Discuss its applications and implementation details. 7
(Mar-2021-NEW)[NLJIET]
6 Differentiate between stack & queue. Also explain priority queue. 5
(May-2012-OLD)[NLJIET]
Differentiate between stack & queue. Also explain priority queue with example. 7
(Jun-2017-OLD)[NLJIET]
TOPIC:9 Double Ended Queue
SHORT QUESTIONS
1 Define Dequeue. [NLJIET] 1
Explain Double-ended queue. (Jan-2017-OLD)[NLJIET] 1
2 Define Input Restricted Dequeue. [NLJIET] 1
3 Define Output Restricted Dequeue. [NLJIET] 1
DESCRIPTIVE QUESTIONS
1 Write short notes on Dequeue (Dec-2011-OLD)[NLJIET] 3
Explain double ended queue. (Jun-2016-OLD)[NLJIET] 3
2 Write an algorithm for Double Ended Queue that insert an element at front end. 4
(May-2012-OLD)(Jun-2013-OLD)[NLJIET]
3 Consider a dequeue given below which has LEFT=1, RIGHT=5 4
_ABCDE____.
Now perform the following operations on the dequeue
1. Add F on the left.
2. Add G on the right.
3. Add H on the right.
4. Delete two alphabets from left
5. Add I on the right (Jun-2014-OLD)[NLJIET]
4 What is the difference between queue & Dqueue . Explain insertion operation in Dqueue. 7
(Jan-2015-OLD)[NLJIET]
5 Explain priority queue and dequeue. Write an algorithm/program for insert routine in input 7
restricted dequeues. (Jan-2016-OLD)[NLJIET]
6 Discuss the variations of a queue. (May-2018-OLD)[NLJIET] 4
TOPIC:10 Applications of Queue
SHORT QUESTIONS
1 List down application of Queue.[NLJIET] 1
DESCRIPTIVE QUESTIONS
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1 Explain various applications of queue. (Jan-2016-OLD)[NLJIET] 3

Write and explain application of queue. (May-2017-OLD)[NLJIET] 3
Enlist applications of stack and queue. (Nov-2019)[NLJIET] 3
Write and discuss applications of stack and queue. (Mar-2021-OLD)[NLJIET] 4
2 Does a time sharing computer use a queue or stack? Explain. (Jun-2015-OLD)[NLJIET] 3
TOPIC:11 Linked List: Singly Linked List
SHORT QUESTIONS
1 Write an algorithm/steps to traverse a singly linked list. (Jan-2016-OLD)[NLJIET] 1
2 Write ‘C’ structure of Singly linked list. (Jun-2016-OLD)[NLJIET] 1
3 What does the following function do for a given Linked List with first node as head? 1
(May-2017-OLD)[NLJIET]
void fun1(struct node* head)
{
if(head == NULL)
return;
fun1(head->next);
printf("%d ", head->data);
}
DESCRIPTIVE QUESTIONS
1 Discuss advantages and disadvantages of linked list over array. (Dec-2009-OLD)[NLJIET] 4
Write a short note on Advantages and disadvantages of linked list over array. 3.5
(Dec-2011-OLD)[NLJIET]
Write down advantages of linked list over array and explain it in detail. 7
(Jan-2015-OLD)[NLJIET]
Compare: (1) Linked-list and Array (June-2015-OLD)[NLJIET] 3.5
Discuss the advantages and disadvantages of linked list over array. 3
(Jun-2016-OLD)[NLJIET]
Discuss and compare array and linked list. (Jan-2017-OLD)[NLJIET] 7
Describe the advantages of linked list over array. (Nov-2019-OLD)[NLJIET] 3
Compare Array and Link list. (Nov-2019-NEW)[NLJIET] 3
Compare array and linked list. (Mar-2021-NEW)[NLJIET] 3
Differentiate between array and linked list. (Mar-2021-OLD)[NLJIET] 4
2 Write an algorithm to insert an element into a singly link list (Dec-2010-OLD)[NLJIET] 4
Write an algorithm for insert operation at end of Linked List.(Jan-2013-OLD)[NLJIET] 7
Consider singly linked storage structures, Write an algorithm which performs an insertion at 7
the end of a linked linear list. (May-2017-OLD)[NLJIET]
Write an algorithm for insertion of node at last position in Liner Linked List. 4
(Nov-2018-OLD)[NLJIET]
3 Write an algorithm to insert a node before a given node in a singly linked list. Is it 7
advantageous to use a doubly linked list for this operation? Explain.
(Jun-2016-OLD)[NLJIET]
4 Write a program to insert and delete an element after a given node in a singly linked list. 7
(Jan-2016-OLD)[NLJIET]
Write an algorithm for INSERT operation to insert a node at a given position in a Link list. 7
(Nov-2019-NEW)[NLJIET]
Write user defined C function to insert and delete a node at/from end in doubly linked list. 7
(Mar-2021-OLD)[NLJIET]
Write user defined C function to insert and delete a node at/from specific location in singly 7
linked list. (Mar-2021-OLD)[NLJIET]
5 Write an algorithm to delete an element from a singly linked list. 3

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(May-2011-OLD)[NLJIET]
Write an algorithm for deletion of node in Liner Linked List. (Nov-2018-OLD)[NLJIET] 4
6 Write an advantage of link list , doubly link list and circular link list 4
(Dec-2010-OLD)[NLJIET]
7 Write a function in any programming language to insert an element in an ordered list. 3
(May-2011-OLD)[NLJIET]
Write an algorithm to insert a node in an ordered linked list (Jun-2014-OLD)[NLJIET] 7
8 Write a program to count number of nodes in a linked list. (May-2011-OLD)[NLJIET] 4
9 Write an algorithm/program to implement following operations in the “Singly Linked List”. 8
(i) Insert the node at end
(ii) Delete the node whose value = Y. (Dec-2011-OLD)[NLJIET]
Write an algorithm/program to “Insert a node at End” operation of Singly Linked List. 7
(Dec-2013-OLD)[NLJIET]
10 Write difference between singly linked list and doubly linked list. 3
(May-2012-OLD)[NLJIET]
List the uses of stack, queue and linklists. (Jun-2014-OLD)[NLJIET] 2
11 Write a C function search (l, x) that accepts a pointer l to a list of integers and returns a 7
pointer to a node containing x if it exists and the null pointer otherwise.
(Jun-2013-OLD)[NLJIET]
12 Write a ‘C’ functions to: (1) insert a node at beginning in singly linked list (2) insert an 7
element in circular queue (Jun-2015-OLD)[NLJIET]
13 Write a program to search an element in a linked list. 7
(Jan-2016-OLD) (Jun-2017-OLD)[NLJIET]
14 Write an algorithm to merge two simple link lists having initial address L1 and L2 7
respectively. Also write algorithm to display the list. (Jan-2017-OLD)[NLJIET]
Design an algorithm to merge two linked list. (Mar-2021-NEW)[NLJIET] 7
15 Write C code for the following operations for a simple link list. 7
i. Reverse : to reverse the link list
ii. Max : to find the largest element from the link list. (Jan-2017-OLD)[NLJIET]
16 Write advantages and disadvantages of linked list, doubly linked list and circular linked list 7
with example. (Jan-2016-OLD)[NLJIET]
17 Which type of allocation is called linked allocation? Define singly linked linear list. 3
(Jun-2015-OLD)[NLJIET]
18 Write an algorithm to reverse a given single link list. (Jan-2015-OLD)[NLJIET] 7
19 Given a linked list whose typical node consists of an INFO and LINK field. Formulate an 7
algorithm which will count the number of nodes in the list. (Nov-2017-OLD)[NLJIET]
20 Write an algorithm to swap two nodes, n and n+1, in a singly linked list. 4
(May-2018-OLD)[NLJIET]
21 What is a header node? Explain its importance. (May-2018-OLD)[NLJIET] 3
22 Write an algorithm to print the singly linked list in reverse order using stack. 7
(Nov-2019-OLD)[NLJIET]
23 Write an algorithm to find length of a simple link list. (Nov-2019-NEW)[NLJIET] 3
TOPIC:12 Doubly Linked list
SHORT QUESTIONS
1 Mention one operation for which use of doubly linked list is preferred over the singly linked 1
list. (Jan-2016-OLD)[NLJIET]
DESCRIPTIVE QUESTIONS
1 Write ‘C’ functions to implement DELETE_FIRST_NODE and TRAVERSE operations in 4
doubly linked list. (Jun-2016-OLD)[NLJIET]
2 Write a c/c++ program to add two polynomials represented using doubly linear linked list. 7
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Also write necessary functions to represent polynomial using doubly linear link list.
(Mar-2010-OLD)[NLJIET]
3 Write a short note on doubly link list (Dec-2010-OLD)[NLJIET] 4
4 Write an algorithm to insert a new node into orderly doubly linked list. 7
(May-2012-OLD)[NLJIET]
Write C code to insert a node at the end of a doubly link list. (Jan-2017-OLD)[NLJIET] 7
Write an algorithm for insertion of a node in Doubly Linked List. 4
(Nov-2018-OLD)[NLJIET]
Write an algorithm to insert a node at last position in doubly linked list. 4
(Nov-2019-OLD)[NLJIET]
5 Write an algorithm to delete an element from a doubly link list (Dec-2010)[NLJIET] 4
Explain delete operation of doubley linked list (Jan-2013-OLD)[NLJIET] 7
Write an algorithm/program to Delete a node from Doubly Linked List. 7
(Dec-2013-OLD)[NLJIET]
Write an algorithm to delete a node from doubly linked list. (Jan-2015-OLD)[NLJIET] 7
Explain delete operation in doubly link list. (Jan-2015-OLD)[NLJIET] 7
Write an algorithm for deletion of a node in Doubly Linked List. 4
(Nov-2018-OLD)[NLJIET]
6 Write a Program to perform all (create, insert, delete, display) the operations in a doubly 7
linked list. (May-2011-OLD)[NLJIET]
Write an algorithm to insert and delete a node in Doubly Linked List. 8
(Dec-2011-OLD)[NLJIET]
Write an algorithm for inserting a node and deleting a node in doubly linked linear list. 7
(Jun-2015-OLD)[NLJIET]
Write an algorithm to insert and delete a node in Doubly Linked List. 7
(Jun-2017-OLD)[NLJIET]
Write ‘C’ functions to: (1) insert a node at the end (2) delete a node from the beginning of a 7
doubly linked list. (Jun-2015-OLD)[NLJIET]
Explain creation, insertion and deletion of doubly linked list with example. 7
(Oct-2020-NEW)[NLJIET]
7 What are the advantages of doubley linked list? Write a C function to find maximum 7
element from doubly linked list. (Jan-2013-OLD)[NLJIET]
8 Briefly explain advantages of doubly link list over singly link list. Write function delete (p, 7
&x) which delete the node pointed by p in doubly link list. (Jun-2013-OLD)[NLJIET]
9 Write a program in any programming language to concatenate two doubly linked lists. 7
(Jun-2014-OLD)[NLJIET]
10 Write algorithm(s) to perform INSERT_FIRST (to insert a node at the first position) and 4
REVERSE_TRAVERSE (to display the data in nodes in reverse order) operations in doubly
linked list. (Jan-2017-OLD)[NLJIET]
11 Explain – Why doubly linked lists are much more efficient with respect to deletions than 3
singly linked lists? (Jun-2015-OLD)[NLJIET]
12 What is the need of doubly linked list? Consider a problem of inserting a node into a doubly 7
linked linear list to the left of a specified node whose address is given by variable M. Give
details of algorithm. (Nov-2017-OLD)[NLJIET]
13 List the advantages of a doubly linked list over singly linked list. 3
(May-2018-OLD)(Jun-2019-OLD)[NLJIET]
TOPIC:13 Circular Linked List
SHORT QUESTIONS
1 Define Circular Link List.[NLJIET] 1
Explain Circular linked list.(Jan-2017-OLD)[NLJIET] 1

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DESCRIPTIVE QUESTIONS
1 What is circular link list? (Dec-2010-OLD)[NLJIET] 2
2 Write insert and remove functions for queue if it is implemented using circular link list. 7
(Jun-2013-OLD)[NLJIET]
3 Create a doubly circularly linked list and write a function to traverse it. 7
(Jan-2016-OLD)[NLJIET]
4 Write an algorithm to perform each of the following operations on Circular 7
singly linked list using header node
1. add node at the end
2. add node at beginning
3. delete a node which contain element x
4. insert a node containing x after node having address p. (Mar-2010-OLD)[NLJIET]
5 Write a Program to perform all (create, insert, delete, display) the operations in a circular 7
linked list. (May-2011-OLD)[NLJIET]
Write an algorithm for inserting and deleting an element into circular linked list. 7
(May-2012-OLD)[NLJIET]
Write algorithm OR code for DELETE and DISPLAY functions of Circular Link List. 7
(Jan-2017-OLD)[NLJIET]
6 State the advantages of circular and doubly linked lists over a singly linked list. 4
(May-2011-OLD)[NLJIET]
What are the advantages of circular lists over singly linked list? 4
(Jun-2015-OLD)[NLJIET]
7 Write a Short note on Circular Link List (Dec-2011-OLD)[NLJIET] 3
8 Write ‘C’ functions to implement INSERT_FIRST (to insert a node at the first position), 7
DELETE_FIRST (to delete a node from the first position), DELETE_LAST (delete a node
from the last position) and TRAVERSE (to display the data in nodes) operations in circular
linked list. (Jan-2017-OLD)[NLJIET]
9 Write a program to implement a circularly linked list. (May-2018-OLD)[NLJIET] 7
10 Write an algorithm to count the number of nodes in a singly circularly linked list. 4
(May-2018-OLD)[NLJIET]
11 Write an algorithm to insert a node in a Circular Link List at the FIRST position. 4
(Nov-2019-NEW)[NLJIET]
TOPIC:14 Linked Implementation of Stack,
Linked Implementation of Queue
DESCRIPTIVE QUESTIONS
1 Write a program to implement stack using linked list. (Jun-2016-OLD)[NLJIET] 7
Write a ‘C’ program to implement stack using linked list. (Jan-2017-OLD)[NLJIET] 7
2 What are the advantages and disadvantages of stack and queue implemented using linked 4
list over array? (Mar-2010-OLD)[NLJIET]
3 Write a function to implement insertion of an element in circular queue using link list. 5
(Dec-2010-OLD)[NLJIET]
4 Consider singly linked storage structures, Write an algorithm which inserts a node into a 3
linked linear list in a stack like manner. (May-2017-OLD)[NLJIET]
TOPIC:15 Applications of Linked List
SHORT QUESTIONS
1 List application of Link list.[NLJIET] 1
DESCRIPTIVE QUESTIONS
1 Explain the use of Link List in Brief.[NLJIET] 3

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CHAPTER NO- 3 NONLINEAR DATA STRUCTURE

TOPIC:1 Tree-Definitions and Concepts
SHORT QUESTIONS
1 Define: Height of a tree. (Jan-2016-OLD)[NLJIET] 1
2 The height of a binary tree is the maximum number of edges in any root to leaf path. Define 1
the maximum number of nodes in a binary tree of height h. (Jun-2013-OLD)[NLJIET]
3 Define Sibling. [NLJIET] 1
4 Define Complete Binary Tree. [NLJIET] 1
Explain Complete binary tree.(Jan-2017-OLD)[NLJIET] 1
5 Define Degree of Tree. [NLJIET] 1
6 In which type of tree, each leaf node is kept at the same distance from root? 1
(May-2017-OLD)[NLJIET]
DESCRIPTIVE QUESTIONS
1 Discuss following with reference to trees. (Dec-2009-OLD)[NLJIET] 8
(i) Height of the tree (ii) Binary tree (iii)Strictly binary tree (iv) Sibling
Give definition of a) Complete binary tree b) Height of tree (Dec-2010-OLD)[NLJIET] 2
Define the following: (May-2011-OLD)[NLJIET] 3
1. Complete Binary Tree
2. Almost Complete Binary Tree
Explain terms: (1) Cycle (2) Complete binary tree (May-2012-OLD)[NLJIET] 4
Define complete binary tree and a full binary tree (Jun-2014-OLD)[NLJIET] 2
Define the following term : Path, Cycle, Degree of vertex, Sibling, Height Balanced Tree, 7
Strictly binary tree, in degree.
(Jan-2015-OLD)[NLJIET]
2 Define following terms related to tree with example (Mar-2010-OLD)[NLJIET] 4
(1) Binary tree
(2) Binary search tree
(3) Strictly binary tree
(4) Complete binary tree
3 Define: (i) Tree and binary tree (ii) intermediate node and leaf node (iii) Sibling node and 8
adjacent node (iv) path matrix. (Jan-2013-OLD)(Jun-2014-OLD)[NLJIET]
4 Define the following with example : (Jun-2017-OLD)(Jan-2016-OLD)[NLJIET] 7
Strictly binary tree, Complete binary tree
5 How many null branches a binary tree possesses? (Nov-2017-OLD)[NLJIET] 3
6 Define: i) Cyclic Graph ii) Siblings iii) Strictly Binary Tree (Jun-2019-OLD)[NLJIET] 3
7 Describe following terms with respect to binary tree: (Nov-2019-OLD)[NLJIET] 3
(1) depth of tree (2) balanced tree (3) complete tree
8 Define following with respect to Tree: (Nov-2019-NEW)[NLJIET] 3
i) M-ary tree ii) Out Degree iii) Leaf
TOPIC:2 Representation of Binary
Tree, Binary Tree Traversal (Inorder, Postorder, Preorder),
SHORT QUESTIONS
1 What is the height of a complete binary with n nodes? (Jan-2016-OLD)[NLJIET] 1
2 List the applications of Binary trees. (Jun-2016-OLD)[NLJIET] 1
3 Write ‘C’ structure of Binary tree. (Jun-2016-OLD)[NLJIET] 1
4 Draw tree whose postorder traversal is C B F E G D A (May-2017-OLD)[NLJIET] 1
5 What is common in inorder, preorder and postorder traversal? (May-2017-OLD)[NLJIET] 1
6 Which of the traversal technique outputs the data in sorted order in a Binary Search Tree? 1
(May-2017-OLD)[NLJIET]
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 New L J Institute of Engineering and Technology Semester: III (2021)

DESCRIPTIVE QUESTIONS
1 Define complete binary tree and almost complete binary tree. (Jan-2016-OLD)[NLJIET] 3
2 What is binary tree traversal? What are the various traversal methods? Explain any two with 7
suitable example. (Jan-2016-OLD)[NLJIET]
Explain the Preorder, Inorder and Postorder traversal techniques of the binary tree with 6
suitable example. (Dec-2009-OLD)[NLJIET]
3 The inorder and preorder traversal of a binary tree are 7
dbeafcg
a b d e c f g respectively
Construct binary tree and find its postorder traversal (Jun-2013-OLD)[NLJIET]
4 Construct a binary tree from the traversals given below: 4
Inorder: 1, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 17, 18, 21
Postorder: 1, 11, 12, 10, 14, 18, 21, 17, 15, 13 (Jan-2016-OLD)[NLJIET]
5 Construct a binary tree from the traversals given below: 4
Inorder: 1 3 4 6 7 8 10 13 14
Preorder: 8 3 1 6 4 7 10 14 13 (Jun-2016-OLD)[NLJIET]
6 A binary tree T has 9 nodes. The inorder and preorder traversals of T give the following 7
sequence of nodes.
Inorder: E A C K F H D B G
Preorder: F A E K C D H G B
Draw the tree T. (Jun-2016-OLD)[NLJIET]
7 Construct a tree for the given inorder and postorder traversals 5
Inorder DGBAHEICF
Postorder GDBHIEFCA (Mar-2010-OLD)[NLJIET]
8 Construct a binary tree having the following traversal sequences: 4
Preorder traversal A B C D E F G H I
Inorder traversal B C A E D G H F I (Oct-2020-NEW)[NLJIET]
9 Given the following traversals create a binary tree from that. Also give the postorder 7
traversal for the same.
preorder = {7,10,4,3,1,2,8,11}
inorder = {4,10,3,1,7,11,8,2} (Jun-2014-OLD)[NLJIET]
10 Construct the binary tree for the following tree traversals. 4
Inorder: B F G H P R S T W Y Z
Preorder: P F B H G S R Y T W Z (Nov-2019-OLD)[NLJIET]
11 Construct a binary tree from the traversals given below: 3
Inorder: 0, 10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60, 70, 80, 90
Preorder: 50, 10, 0, 40, 30, 20, 90, 80, 60, 70 (Mar-2021-OLD)[NLJIET]
12 Give traversal order of following tree into inorder, preorder and postorder. 6
(Dec-2010-OLD)[NLJIET]

13 Find a post order and preorder traversal of a following tree. (Jan-2013-OLD)[NLJIET] 7

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14 Give the preorder and Inorder traversal of the tree given in fig 1. 7
(Jun-2014-OLD)[NLJIET]

15 Define the inorder, postorder and preorder traversal for the following tree. 3
(Jun-2015-OLD)[NLJIET]

16 Perform inorder, postorder and preorder traversals for the following binary tree. What is the 7
peculiarity of the inorder traversal? (May-2018-OLD)[NLJIET]

17 Write an algorithm to delete a node from a binary tree. (May-2011-OLD)[NLJIET] 7

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18 Write a non-recursive algorithm for Preorder traversal of a binary tree. 7

(May-2012-OLD)(Jan-2017-OLD)[NLJIET]
19 Write an algorithm to delete a node from tree. (Jan-2015-OLD)[NLJIET] 7
20 List out different traversal way of tree and demonstrate any two with example. 7
(Jan-2015-OLD)[NLJIET]
21 Write recursive ‘C’ functions for (1) in-order (2) pre-order and (3) post-order traversals of 7
binary search tree. (Jun-2015-OLD)[NLJIET]
22 Insertion sequence of names is Norma, Roger,John,Bill,Leo,Paul, Ken and Maurice 7
(i) Show the behavior of creating a lexically ordered binary tree.
(ii) Insert Kirk. Show the binary tree.
(iii)Delete John. Show the binary tree.
(May-2017-OLD)[NLJIET]
23 Given Inorder and Preorder traversal, find Postorder traversal. 4
Inorder traversal = {4, 2, 5, 1, 3, 6}
Preorder traversal = {1, 2, 4, 5, 3, 6} (May-2017-OLD)[NLJIET]
24 Given Inorder and Preorder traversal, find Postorder traversal. 4
Inorder:Y B K C F A G X E D H Z
Preorder:G B Y A C K F X D E Z H (Jun-2019-OLD)[NLJIET]
25 Discuss Inorder and Postorder traversal of a binary tree. (Jan-2017-OLD)[NLJIET] 7
26 The Preorder traversal of the tree is: 7
7, 1, 0, 3, 2, 5, 4, 6, 9, 8, 10
The inorder traversal of the tree is :
01,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10
What is the postorder traversal?
How a general tree can be converted to binary tree?
(Nov-2017-OLD)[NLJIET]
27 How directed tree can be represented? (Nov-2017-OLD)[NLJIET] 3
28 Prove that a binary tree with 20 nodes have 21 null branches. (Nov-2019-OLD)[NLJIET] 3
29 Write a recursive algorithm for preorder traversal of binary tree. 4
(Nov-2019-OLD)[NLJIET]
30 What are binary trees? Mention different types of binary trees with example. 3
(Oct-2020-NEW)[NLJIET]
31 For following expressions, construct the corresponding binary tree. [NLJIET] 4
1. A+B/C*D-E
2. ((A+B)-(C*D))%((E^F)/(G-H))
TOPIC:3 Threaded Binary Tree
SHORT QUESTIONS
1 What is a header node and what is its use? (Jan-2016-OLD)[NLJIET] 1
2 Define Threaded Binary Tree.[NLJIET] 1
DESCRIPTIVE QUESTIONS
1 Explain Threaded binary trees with suitable examples. (Jun-2016-OLD)[NLJIET] 4
Write a short note on threaded binary tree (Dec-2011-OLD)[NLJIET] 4
Write a short note on Threaded binary tree.(May-2012-OLD)[NLJIET] 5
Write a short note on threaded binary tree.(Jan-2013-OLD)[NLJIET] 7
Define threaded binary tree. What are the advantages of threaded binary tree? Give example 5
of threaded binary tree. (Jun-2013-OLD)[NLJIET]
Write a short note on threaded binary tree (Dec-2013-OLD)[NLJIET] 3.5
Explain Right-in-threaded, left-in-threaded and full-in-threaded binary trees. 7
(Jun-2015-OLD)[NLJIET]
Write a short note on :spanning tree , threaded binary tree (Jan-2015-OLD)[NLJIET] 7
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Explain Threaded binary trees with suitable examples. (Jun-2019-OLD)[NLJIET] 4

Discuss Threaded Binary Tree. (Nov-2019-NEW)[NLJIET] 3
2 Why is Threaded binary tree required? Draw a right in threaded binary tree for the given 5
tree in Fig. 1 (Mar-2010-OLD)[NLJIET]

3 Write a program in any language to create a threaded binary tree. 7

(May-2011-OLD)[NLJIET]
4 Explain the threaded storage representation for binary trees. (Jun-2015-OLD)[NLJIET] 4
Explain the structure of threaded binary tree. (Nov-2017-OLD)[NLJIET] 4
TOPIC:4 Binary Search Trees
SHORT QUESTIONS
1 Define BST.[NLJIET] 1
DESCRIPTIVE QUESTIONS
1 What is a binary search tree? Create a binary search tree for inserting the following data. 7
50, 45, 100, 25, 49, 120, 105, 46, 90, 95
Explain deletion in the above tree. (Jan-2016-OLD)[NLJIET]
Construct binary search tree for the following data 7
10,3,15,22,6,45,65,23,78,34,5
Find its inorder, preorder and postorder traversal (Mar-2010-OLD)[NLJIET]
Create a binary search tree for the following data : 6
50 ,25 ,75, 22,40,60,80,90,15,30 (Dec-2010-OLD)[NLJIET]
Create a Binary Search Tree for the following data and do in-order, Preorder and Post-order 6
traversal of the tree.
50, 60, 25, 40, 30, 70, 35, 10, 55, 65, 5 (Dec-2011-OLD)[NLJIET]
Create a Binary Search Tree for the following data and do Inorder, Preorder and Postorder 7
traversal of the tree.
40, 65,25, 55, 10,70,30,50,15,80,75 (Dec-2013-OLD)[NLJIET]
What is use of binary search tree? Construct sequential order binary tree (binary search tree) 7
for following values.
10,15,17,8,7,9,11,12,13,4,14,5 (Jan-2013-OLD)[NLJIET]
Briefly explain advantages of binary search tree. Construct binary search tree for the 7
following elements
8,3,11,5,9,12,13,4,6,20 (Jun-2013-OLD)[NLJIET]
Construct a binary search tree for the following sequence. Also do the inorder and postorder 7
traversal for the same 45,56,39,12,34,78,54,67,10,32,89,81 (Jun-2014-OLD)[NLJIET]
Create a binary search tree by inserting following nodes in sequence. 7
68,85,23,38,44,80,30,108,26,5,92,60
Write inorder,preorder and post order traversal of the above generated Binary search tree.
(Jan-2015-OLD)[NLJIET]
Generate a binary search tree for following numbers and perform in-order and post-order 7
traversals: 50, 40, 80, 20, 0, 30, 10, 90, 60, 70(Jun-2015-OLD)[NLJIET]
Create a Binary Search Tree for the following data and do in-order, Preorder and Post-order 7
traversal of the tree.
40, 60, 15, 4, 30, 70, 65, 10, 95, 25, 34 (Jan-2016-OLD)[NLJIET]
Construct a binary search tree for the following and perform inorder and postorder 4
traversals: 5 9 4 8 2 1 3 7 6
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(Jan-2017-OLD)[NLJIET]
Construct a binary search tree from the following traversals: 4
Inorder: 3 4 5 6 7 9 17 20 22
Preorder: 9 4 3 6 5 7 17 22 20 (Jan-2017-OLD)[NLJIET]
Create a Binary Search Tree for the following data and do in-order, Preorder and Post-order 7
traversal of the tree. (Jun-2017-OLD)[NLJIET]
40, 60, 15, 4, 30, 70, 65, 10, 95, 25, 34
What is a binary search tree? Create a binary search tree for the following data. 7
14, 10, 17, 12, 10, 11, 20, 12, 18, 25, 20, 8, 22, 11, 23
Explain deleting node 20 in the resultant binary search tree.
(May-2018-OLD)[NLJIET] 7
Create a Binary Search Tree for the following data and do Inorder, Preorder and Postorder
traversal of the tree. 7
45, 70,30, 60, 15,75,35,55,20,85,80 (Nov-2018-OLD)[NLJIET]
What is Binary Search Tree? Construct a binary search tree for the following elements 7
11,6,14,8,12,15,16,7,9,23 (Nov-2018-OLD)[NLJIET]
What is Binary Search Tree? Construct a binary search tree for the following elements 7
21, 16, 24, 18, 22, 25, 26, 27, 29, 33 (Oct-2020-NEW)[NLJIET]
Construct a binary search tree from the traversals given below: 3
Inorder: 20, 30, 35, 40, 70, 80, 90, 100
Postorder: 20, 35, 30, 80, 70, 100, 90, 40 (Mar-2021-OLD)[NLJIET]
2 Draw a Binary expression tree for the following and perform preorder traversal: 4
(A $ B $ C) + (D – E * F) (Jun-2016-OLD)[NLJIET]
Draw a binary expression tree for the following and perform preorder traversal for the 3
same: (A + B $ C) + (D + E * F) (Jan-2017-OLD)[NLJIET]
Draw a Binary expression tree for the following and perform preorder traversal: 4
a * ( b + c ) + ( d * e ) / f + g * h (Jun-2019-OLD)[NLJIET]
Represent following in form of an expression tree: A+B*(C+D) 4
(Nov-2019-NEW)[NLJIET]
3 Construct an expression tree for the following expression. 7
A+(B+C*D+E)+F/G.
Make a preorder traversal of the resultant tree. (Jun-2016-OLD)[NLJIET]
4 Obtain the expression tree from the following post fix representation ab+cde+** 2
(June-2014-OLD)[NLJIET]
5 Consider the expression v1*v2-(v3+v4^v5). Show the tree corresponding to the expression. 3
(May-2017-OLD)[NLJIET]
6 What is Binary Search Tree? Write recursive algorithm/program to implement in-order and 6
pre-order traversal of the Binary Search Tree. (Dec-2011-OLD)[NLJIET]
Define tree. Write an algorithm to do in-order traversal and post-order traversals of Binary 7
Search Tree. (Dec-2013-OLD)[NLJIET]
What is Binary Search Tree? Write recursive algorithm/program to implement in-order 7
traversal of the Binary Search Tree. (Jan-2016-OLD)[NLJIET]
7 First insert 10 and then insert 24. After these insertions, delete 37 and then delete 22 from 3.5
the following binary search tree. Draw the tree after each operation.
(May-2012-OLD)[NLJIET]

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8 Write a short note on Weight balanced tree. (May-2012-OLD)[NLJIET] 3.5

9 Write ‘C’ functions for: inserting a node, postorder traversal and counting total number of 7
nodes for binary search tree. (Jan-2017-OLD)[NLJIET]
10 What is a binary search tree? Explain with an example and state its applications. Also 5
explain deletion in a binary search tree. (Jun-2016-OLD)[NLJIET]
Write an algorithm for DELETE operation in a Binary search tree. 7
(Nov-2019-NEW)[NLJIET]
11 Write an algorithm to insert a node into binary search tree. 7
(Nov-2019-OLD) (Oct-2020-NEW)[NLJIET]
Design an algorithm to insert a given value in the binary search tree. 7
(Mar-2021-NEW)[NLJIET]
12 Show the resultant BST after applying following operations in sequence on given tree. 3
(Nov-2019-OLD)[NLJIET]
a) Delete 8 b) Insert 9 c) Delete 7

13 Write an algorithm for a non recursive (Iterative) pre order traversal of Binary search tree. 4
(Nov-2019-NEW)[NLJIET]
14 Write an algorithm to perform traversal of Binary search tree. (Jan-2015-OLD)[NLJIET] 7
TOPIC:5 Conversion of
General Trees To Binary Trees
SHORT QUESTIONS
1 What is Forest?[NLJIET] 1
DESCRIPTIVE QUESTIONS
1 With a suitable example, explain steps for conversion of a general tree into a binary tree. 7
(Jun-2016-OLD)[NLJIET]
2 Trace procedure to convert following forest into binary tree. (Jan-2013-OLD)[NLJIET] 6

3 What is an ordered tree? What is forest? (May-2017-OLD)[NLJIET] 4

TOPIC:6 Applications of Trees
SHORT QUESTIONS
1 List down application of Trees.[NLJIET] 1
DESCRIPTIVE QUESTIONS
1 Write a Short note on Application of Trees (Dec-2011-OLD)[NLJIET] 3.5
TOPIC:7 Some Balanced Tree Mechanism, eg. AVL Trees, Height
Balanced, Weight Balance
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1 What is Height Balance Tree? [NLJIET] 1

What is AVL Tree? [NLJIET] 1
DESCRIPTIVE QUESTIONS
1 Explain AVL tree with the help of an example also show insertion and deletion with the 7
help of an example. (Jun-2014-OLD)[NLJIET]
Explain AVL tree with example. (Jan-2015-OLD)(Mar-2021-OLD)[NLJIET] 7
Explain deletion in an AVL tree with a suitable example. (Jun-2016-OLD)[NLJIET] 4
Explain AVL tree with the help of an example also show insertion and deletion with the 7
help of an example. (Jan-2015-OLD)[NLJIET]
Explain insert and delete operations in AVL trees with suitable examples. 7
(Jun-2016-OLD)(Jun-2019-OLD)[NLJIET]
Explain AVL trees. (Jan-2017-OLD)[NLJIET] 3
Discuss height balance tree.(Nov-2019-NEW)[NLJIET] 3
Write a short on height balanced and weight balance tree (Mar-2021-OLD)[NLJIET] 4
2 Construct the AVL search tree by inserting the following elements in the order of their 6
occurrence.
64, 1, 44, 26, 13, 110, 98, 85 (Dec-2009-OLD)[NLJIET]
Define height of the binary tree. Define height balanced tree with its advantages. Construct 7
a height balanced binary tree (AVL tree) for the following data
42,06,54,62,88,50,22,32,12,33 (Mar-2010-OLD)[NLJIET]
Define AVL tree. Construct AVL tree for following data(Jun-2013-OLD)[NLJIET] 7
10,20,30,40,50,60,70,80(Jun-2014-OLD)[NLJIET]
Define height balanced tree. Construct a height balanced binary tree (AVL tree) for the 7
following data. (Jan-2016-OLD)[NLJIET]
32,16,44,52,78,40,12,22,02,23
3 What is the meaning of height balanced tree? How rebalancing is done in height balanced 4
tree. (Dec-2010-OLD)[NLJIET]
Write short notes on Height balance tree (Dec-2011-OLD)(Dec-2013-OLD)[NLJIET] 3
4 Define an AVL tree. Obtain an AVL tree by inserting one integer at a time in the following 7
sequence.
150, 155, 160, 115, 110, 140, 120, 145, 130, 147, 170, 180.
Show all the steps.(May-2011-OLD)[NLJIET]
5 Insert 1, 29, 32 and 13 in the following Height balanced tree. For each insertion, draw the 5
balanced tree using AVL rotation. (May-2012-OLD)(Jun-2013-OLD)[NLJIET]

6 Write the characteristics of AVL tree. (Jun-2015-OLD)[NLJIET] 3

7 What is an AVL tree? Explain the different types of rotations used to create an AVL tree 7
with suitable examples. (Jun-2017-OLD)(Jun-2016-OLD)[NLJIET]
8 Create an AVL tree for the following sequence of numbers. Also mention name of action 7
taken. (Nov-2019-NEW)[NLJIET]
200, 400, 800, 900, 850, 700, 950, 100, 150
TOPIC:8 2-3 trees
SHORT QUESTIONS
1 Explain 2-3 tree. (Jan-2017-OLD)[NLJIET] 1
2 In 2-3 trees, what do leaves contain and what do non leaf nodes indicate? 1
(May-2017-OLD)[NLJIET]
DESCRIPTIVE QUESTIONS

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1 What is 2-3 tree? (Dec-2010-OLD)[NLJIET] 2

Define 2-3 tree. Describe the characteristic of 2-3 tree.(Jun-2015-OLD)[NLJIET] 4
2 Explain insertion operation in the 2-3 tree: 3.5
(i) if the parent has 2 children and (ii) if the parent has 3 children.
(May-2012-OLD)[NLJIET]
Explain insertion operation in the 2-3 tree: 7
(i) if the parent has 2 children and (ii) if the parent has 3 children
(Mar-2021-OLD)[NLJIET]
3 What are the advantages of Multi way search tree over binary search tree? 7
Construct 2-3 tree for the following data
12, 50, 85, 6, 10, 37, 100, 120, 25, 70 (Jun-2013-OLD)[NLJIET]
Create 2-3 Tree for the following sequence 3
50, 100, 150, 200 :(Nov-2019-NEW)[NLJIET]
TOPIC:9 Graph-Matrix Representation of Graphs
SHORT QUESTIONS
1 Define graph. (Jun-2016-OLD)[NLJIET] 1
2 Explain degree of a vertex in a graph. (Jun-2016-OLD)[NLJIET] 1
Explain Degree of vertex.(Jan-2017-OLD)[NLJIET] 1
3 A graph containing only isolated nodes is called a ___. (May-2017-OLD)[NLJIET] 1
DESCRIPTIVE QUESTIONS
1 Define the terms with respect to graph: In-degree, Path,Cycle (Dec-2011-OLD)[NLJIET] 3
2 Explain terms: (1) Path (2) Graph (May-2012-OLD)[NLJIET] 4
3 Define the following terms. 1) Graph 2) Tree 3) Multi graph 4) Weighted graph 5) 7
Elementary path 6) Complete Binary tree 7) Descendent node (Jan-2015-OLD)[NLJIET]
4 With figure, explain the following terms: (1) Depth of a tree (2) Sibling nodes (3) Strictly 7
binary tree (4) Ancestor nodes (5) Graph (6) Minimum spanning tree (7) Degree of a vertex
(Jun-2015-OLD)[NLJIET]
5 Explain out degree and in degree. (May-2017-OLD)[NLJIET] 3
6 Give definitions 4
(i) Graph
(ii) Adjacent nodes (May-2017-OLD)[NLJIET]
7 Define the following terms with respect to a graph: Node, Edge, Path 3
(May-2018-OLD)[NLJIET]
8 Discuss following with reference to graphs. 8
(i) Directed graph (ii) Undirected graph (iii) Degree of vertex(iv)Null graph.
(Dec-2009-OLD)[NLJIET]
Define the following terms: Path, Cycle, Degree of vertex, Sibling. 3.5
(Dec-2013-OLD)[NLJIET]
Define the following terms 7
i) Node
ii) Sibling
iii) Path
iv) Indegree & outdegree of a vertex
v) Connected graph (Jan-2014-OLD)[NLJIET]
Define the following with respect to a graph: 7
1) Path 2) degree 3) Cycle 4) Spanning tree 5) Directed Graph (Jun-2016-OLD)[NLJIET]
Explain outdegree and indegree. (May-2017-OLD)[NLJIET] 3
Define: 1. Acyclic graph 2. Leaf node 3. Complete binary tree 3
(Mar-2021-NEW)[NLJIET]
Define: 1. Connected graph 2. Threaded tree 3. Degree of node 3
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(Mar-2021-NEW)[NLJIET]
9 Explain matrix and linked list representation of a graph. (Dec-2009-OLD)[NLJIET] 6
What is graph? How it can be represented using adjacency matrix, what is path matrix? 6
How path matrix can be found out using adjacency matrix . (Dec-2010-OLD)[NLJIET]
What is a graph? Discuss the Adjacency Matrix and Adjacency List representation of 7
graphs with an example. (Jun-2016-OLD)[NLJIET]
How are graphs represented inside a computer’s memory? Which method do you prefer and 7
why? (Mar-2021-NEW)[NLJIET]
Discuss different representations of a graph. (May-2018-OLD)[NLJIET] 4
Discuss different representations of a graph. (Jun-2019-OLD)[NLJIET] 7
Enlist and describe different ways for representing graph data structure with example. 4
(Nov-2019-OLD)[NLJIET]
What is a graph? Explain various representations of graphs. (Oct-2020-NEW)[NLJIET] 4
10 Give example and applications of directed and undirected graphs. Find the adjacency matrix 7
for the graph shown in Fig 4. (Mar-2010-OLD)[NLJIET]

11 Answer the following for the below given Graph. (May-2011-OLD)[NLJIET] 4

1.What is the outdegree of node B.

2. Write down a path from node D to node A.
3. Is the above graph a multigraph? Give a reason for your answer.
4. What is the total degree of node A.
12 Obtain the adjacency matrix A for the following graph. Find A2. Find 5
outdegree of E and D nodes. .(May-2012-OLD) (Jun-2013-OLD)[NLJIET]

13 How graph can be represented? Write an algorithm for Breadth First Search Traversal of a 7
Graph. (Jun-2017-OLD)[NLJIET]
14 How graph can be represented? Write an algorithm for Breadth First Search Traversal of a 7
Graph. (Dec-2011-OLD)[NLJIET]
Show how graph can be represented using example? How path matrix can be found out 7
using adjacency matrix.(Jan-2016-OLD)[NLJIET]
15 Define adjacency matrix. When two digraphs are considered to be equivalent? 4
(Jun-2015-OLD)[NLJIET]
TOPIC:10 Elementary Graph
Operations(Breadth First Search, Depth First Search)
SHORT QUESTIONS
1 Define BFS[NLJIET] 1
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2 Define DFS.[NLJIET] 1
DESCRIPTIVE QUESTIONS
1 List advantages and disadvantages of Breadth First Search and Depth First Search. 3
(Jan-2016-OLD)[NLJIET]
2 Discuss following with reference to graphs.(i) Directed graph (ii) Undirected graph 8
(iii) Degree of vertex(iv)Null graph.
(Dec-2009-OLD)[NLJIET]
3 Consider the graph shown in Fig 2. Find depth-first and breadth first traversals of this graph 7
starting at A (Mar-2010-OLD)[NLJIET]

4 Which are the basic traversing techniques of the Graph? Write the algorithm of any one of 8
them. (Dec-2009-OLD)[NLJIET]
Explain BFS and DFS with example. (Dec-2010-OLD)[NLJIET] 6
Explain DFS and BFS with example (Jun-2014-OLD)[NLJIET] 8
How graph can be represented? Write an algorithm for Breadth First SearchTraversal of a 5
Graph(Dec-2011-OLD)[NLJIET]
Write a short on Breadth First Search and Depth First Search in graph. 7
(May-2012-OLD)(Jan-2013-OLD)[NLJIET]
Explain DFS traversal of Graph using example. (Jan-2013-OLD)[NLJIET] 7
Define Graph. Write an algorithm to do BFS traversal of a Graph. 7
(Dec-2013-OLD)[NLJIET]
Explain matrix and linked list representation of a Graph. Also compare BFS and DFS 7
methods of Graph Traversal. (Dec-2013-OLD)[NLJIET]
Explain BFS and DFS in detail.(Jan-2015-OLD)[NLJIET] 7
Explain Depth First Search in graphs with an example. (Jun-2016-OLD)[NLJIET] 7
Explain Breadth First Search in graphs with an example. (Jun-2016-OLD)[NLJIET] 7
Explain Depth First Search and Breadth First Search in graphs with an example. 7
(Jan-2017-OLD)[NLJIET]
Discuss DFS and BFS. (Jan-2017-OLD)[NLJIET] 7
Explain Breadth First Search operation. (May-2017-OLD)[NLJIET] 4
Explain Depth First Search operation. (May-2017-OLD)[NLJIET] 4
Explain with example DFS and BFS traversal of graph. (Jan-2016-OLD)[NLJIET] 7
Discuss algorithm of Breadth First Search (BFS) traversal for a Graph. Explain with an 7
example.(Nov-2019-NEW)(Oct-2020-NEW)[NLJIET]
Write a short on breadth first search and depth first search in graph. 4
(Mar-2021-OLD)[NLJIET]
5 Compare the efficiencies of BFS and DFS. (May-2011-OLD)[NLJIET] 3
Compare BFS and DFS traversal methods for Graph.(Dec-2011-OLD)[NLJIET] 4
Explain and differentiate BFS and DFS graph traversal method with suitable graph 7
(Jan-2015-OLD)[NLJIET]
Differentiate between depth first search and breadth first search. 4
(Mar-2021-NEW)[NLJIET]
6 Give the DFS and BFS spanning tree for the graph given below 4
(May-2011-OLD)[NLJIET]

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7 The Breadth First Search algorithm has been implemented using the queue data structure. 7
Find breadth first search for the graph shown in Figure 2 with starting node M
(Jun-2013-OLD)[NLJIET]

8 Explain the breadth first search and depth first search tree traversal on the following graph. 3
(Jun-2015-OLD)[NLJIET]

9 What is Topological sorting? (Nov-2018-OLD)[NLJIET] 3

Define topological sort (Oct-2020-NEW)[NLJIET] 3
10 List out graph traversal techniques & explain any one using suitable example. 4
(Jun-2019-OLD)[NLJIET]
11 Show the steps of BFS and DFS traversal for following graph starting from vertex 2. 7
Consider adjacency list is sorted in ascending order. (Nov-2019-OLD)[NLJIET]

TOPIC:11 Spanning Trees, Minimal Spanning Tree

SHORT QUESTIONS
1 Define Spanning Tree.[NLJIET] 1
2 Define Minimumm Spanning Tree.[NLJIET] 1
Explain Minimum spanning tree. (Jan-2017-OLD)[NLJIET] 1
DESCRIPTIVE QUESTIONS

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1 What is spanning tree ? (Dec-2010-OLD)[NLJIET] 2

Write a short note on Spanning tree. (May-2012-OLD)[NLJIET] 5
Write a short note on spanning tree. (Jan-2013-OLD)[NLJIET] 7
Explain spanning tree with example. (Nov-2018-OLD)[NLJIET] 3
2 What is a minimum spanning tree? Explain Kruskal’s algorithm for finding a minimum 4
spanning tree. (Jan-2016-OLD)[NLJIET]
Explain the working of the Kruskal’s algorithm. (May-2018-OLD)[NLJIET] 3
3 Write Prim’s algorithm for minimum spanning tree with an example. 7
(Jun-2016-OLD)[NLJIET]
Explain the working of the Prim’s algorithm with suitable example. 7
(Jun-2019-OLD)[NLJIET]
Describe Prim’s minimum spanning tree algorithm with example. 7
(Nov-2019-OLD)[NLJIET]
4 Define spanning tree and minimum spanning tree. Find the minimum spanning tree of the 7
graph shown in Fig 3.(Mar-2010-OLD)[NLJIET]

5 Define Directed graph, spanning tree and minimum spanning tree. Find minimum spanning 7
tree for the graph shown in Figure 1. (Jun-2013-OLD)[NLJIET]

6 What is a spanning tree? Find the minimum spanning tree for the graph shown in fig 2. 7
(Jun-2014-OLD)[NLJIET]

7 Compare and contrast Prim’s and Kruskal’s algorithm with the help of an example 7
(Jan-2015-OLD)[NLJIET]
Write Kruskal’s algorithm for minimum spanning tree and explain with an example 7
(Jun-2015-OLD)[NLJIET]
Write Kruskal’s algorithm for minimum spanning tree with an example. 7
(Jan-2017-OLD)[NLJIET]
8 Consider the following graph: Create a minimum spanning tree using the Kruskal’s 7
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algorithm. (Jun-2016-OLD)[NLJIET]

9 A communications network is represented by graph. Each node represents a communication 7

line and each edge indicate the presence of interconnection between the lines. Which
traversal technique can be used to find breakdown in line? Explain.
(Nov-2017-OLD)[NLJIET]
10 Discuss Minimal Spanning Tree. (Nov-2019-NEW)(Oct-2020-NEW)[NLJIET] 4
11 Define following terms: 7
(i) data structures (ii) recursion (iii) sparse matrix
(iv) degree of graph (v) minimum spanning tree
(vi) complete binary tree (vii) double ended queue (Mar-2021-OLD)[NLJIET]
TOPIC:12 Shortest Path
SHORT QUESTIONS
1 Give two applications of graphs. (Jan-2016-OLD)[NLJIET] 1
List the applications of Graphs. (Jun-2016-OLD)[NLJIET] 1
DESCRIPTIVE QUESTIONS
1 Apply Dijkstra’s algorithm to find shortest path between vertex A and vertex F5 for the 7
graph shown in Fig 5. (Mar-2010-OLD)[NLJIET]

2 Write warshall algorithm for graph. (Dec-2010-OLD)[NLJIET] 2

3 Apply Djkstra’s algorithm for the following graph with Node S as the starting node. (May- 7
2018-OLD)[NLJIET]

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4 Apply Djkstra’s algorithm on following graph with Node A as the starting node. 7
(Jun-2019-OLD)[NLJIET]

CHAPTER NO- 4 : HASHING AND FILE STRUCTURES

TOPIC:1 Hashing: The Symbol Table, Hashing Functions
SHORT QUESTIONS
1 Write two simple hash functions. (Jan-2016-OLD)[NLJIET] 1
2 What is Mid Square Method?[NLJIET] 1
DESCRIPTIVE QUESTIONS
1 What is hashing? What are the qualities of a good hash function? Explain any two hash 7
functions in detail. (Jan-2016-OLD) (Oct-2020-NEW)[NLJIET]
What is Hashing? Explain various Hashing Functions. (Dec-2009-OLD)[NLJIET] 5
What do you mean by hashing? What are various hash function. Explain each one in brief. 7
(Dec-2010-OLD)[NLJIET]
What do you mean by Hashing? Explain various methods for hashing. 8
(Dec-2011-OLD)[NLJIET]
Explain different Hash function methods. (Jan-2013-OLD)[NLJIET] 7
What do you mean by Hashing? Explain any FOUR hashing techniques. 7
(Dec-2013-OLD)(Jan-2014-OLD) (Jan-2015-OLD)[NLJIET]
List out different hash methods and explain any three. (Jan-2015-OLD)[NLJIET] 7
What is hashing? Explain hashing functions. (Jun-2015-OLD)(Jun-2017-OLD)[NLJIET] 7
Discuss importance of hashing. Also discuss one of the method of hashing with an example. 7
(Jan-2017-OLD)[NLJIET]
What is hashing? Briefly explain various methods of hashing. (Jan-2016-OLD)[NLJIET] 7
List the qualities of a good hash function. (May-2018-OLD)[NLJIET] 3
Explain two hash functions. (May-2018-OLD)[NLJIET] 4
What is hashing? Explain Different Hashing techniques in brief. 7
(Nov-2018-OLD)[NLJIET]
Define hash function. Describe any two hash methods with example 3
(Nov-2019-OLD)[NLJIET]
What is hash function used for? Give one example of a hash function. 4
(Nov-2019-NEW)[NLJIET]
2 The integers given below are to be inserted in a hash table with 5 locations using chaining 7
to resolve collisions. Construct hash table and use simplest hash function.
1,2,3,4,5,10,21,22,33,34,15,32,31,48,49,50 (Mar-2010-OLD)[NLJIET]
3 The keys 12, 18, 13, 2, 3, 23, 5 and 15 are inserted into an initially empty hash table of 7
length 10 using open addressing with hash function h(k) = k mod 10 and linear probing.
What is the resultant hash table? (Jun-2013-OLD)[NLJIET]

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 New L J Institute of Engineering and Technology Semester: III (2021)

4 List the features of a good hash function. (Jun-2014-OLD)[NLJIET] 2

5 How following hash functions work? 4
(i) The midsquare method
(ii) Digit analysis (Nov-2017-OLD)[NLJIET]
6 List out applications of hashing. (Mar-2021-NEW)[NLJIET] 4
7 Build a chained hash table of 10 memory locations. Insert the keys 131, 3, 4, 21, 61, 24, 7, 4
97, 8, 9 in hash table using chaining. Use h(k) = k mod m. (m=10)
(Mar-2021-NEW)[NLJIET]
8 Consider the hash table of size 10. Using quadratic probing, insert the keys 7
72, 27, 36, 24, 63, 81, and 101 into hash table. Take c1=1 and c2=3.
(Mar-2021-NEW)[NLJIET]
TOPIC:2 Collision-Resolution Techniques
SHORT QUESTIONS
1 What is hash collision? (Jun-2016-OLD)[NLJIET] 1
Explain Hash collision. (Jan-2017-OLD)[NLJIET] 1
2 Define Linear Proabing. [NLJIET] 1
3 Define Hash Collision. [NLJIET] 1
4 Define Rehashing. [NLJIET] 1
5 Define Double Hashing. [NLJIET] 1
6 Define Chining. [NLJIET] 1
DESCRIPTIVE QUESTIONS
1 Discuss various methods to resolve hash collision with suitable examples. 7
(Jan-2016-OLD)[NLJIET]
Explain various Hash collision resolution techniques with examples. 7
(Jun-2016-OLD)[NLJIET]
What are the advantages of Hashing? Discuss problem of collision in Hashing. Also discuss 7
collision resolution techniques. (Mar-2010-OLD)[NLJIET]
What is hashing? Explain hash clash and its resolving techniques. 7
(May-2011-OLD)[NLJIET]
Define Hash Clash. Explain Primary Clustering, secondary clustering, rehashing and double 7
hashing. (May-2011-OLD)(Jun-2017-OLD)[NLJIET]
Explain the basic two techniques for Collision-resolution in Hashing with example. Also 5
explain primary clustering. (May-2012-OLD)[NLJIET]
Describe various collision resolution techniques in hashing.(Jun-2015-OLD)(Oct-2020- 7
NEW)[NLJIET]
What is hashing? Explain the collision resolution techniques.(Jun-2016-OLD)[NLJIET] 7
What is collision? Explain two broad classes of collision resolution techniques. 7
(Jun-2015-OLD)[NLJIET]
Explain the basic two techniques for Collision-resolution in Hashing with example. Also 7
explain primary clustering.(Jan-2015-OLD)[NLJIET]
What is hashing? Explain hash collision and any one collision resolution technique. 4
(May-2018-OLD)[NLJIET]
What is hashing? Explain hash clash and its resolving techniques. 7
(Nov-2018-OLD)[NLJIET]
Explain collision in the context of hashing? Discuss collision resolution techniques. 7
(Jun-2019-OLD)[NLJIET]
State and explain collision resolution techniques in hashing.(Nov-2019-NEW)[NLJIET] 7
Explain the techniques for collision-resolution in Hashing with example. 7
(Mar-2021-OLD)[NLJIET]
2 Discuss various rehashing techniques. (Jan-2017-OLD)[NLJIET] 4

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 New L J Institute of Engineering and Technology Semester: III (2021)

3 How open addressing can be used for collision resolution? (May-2017-OLD)[NLJIET] 4

4 Hash function map several keys into same address called collision. How collision resolution 7
techniques work? (Nov-2017-OLD)[NLJIET]
TOPIC:3 File Structure: Concepts of Fields, Records and Files
SHORT QUESTIONS 1
1 Define File.[NLJIET] 1
2 Define Record.[NLJIET] 1
3 Define Key.[NLJIET] 1
4 Define Database.[NLJIET] 1
DESCRIPTIVE QUESTIONS
1 Explain the terms: File, Field, Record, Database, Key. (Dec-2009-OLD)[NLJIET] 6
2 Explain file in terms of fields, records and database. (Jan-2015-OLD)[NLJIET] 7
3 Explain basic file operations. (Mar-2021-NEW)[NLJIET] 3
TOPIC:4 Sequential, Indexed and Relative/Random File
Organization, Indexing structure for Index Files, Hashing
for Direct Files
SHORT QUESTIONS
1 Define File Organization.[NLJIET] 1
DESCRIPTIVE QUESTIONS
1 Explain Sequential file organizations and list its advantages and disadvantages. 3
(Jun-2016-OLD)(Jun-2019-OLD) (Oct-2020-NEW)[NLJIET]
Explain the structure of sequential file.(Jun-2015-OLD)[NLJIET] 4
Explain structure of sequential file. Explain processing in sequential file. 7
(May-2017-OLD)[NLJIET]
2 Define File and Record. Explain Indexed-Sequential File. Also discuss the advantages and 7
disadvantages of the same. (May-2011-OLD)[NLJIET]
What is File Structure? Explain Indexed Sequential File Structure in detail. 8
(Dec-2011-OLD)[NLJIET]
Write a short note on Index sequential file organization. 3.5
(May-2012-OLD)(Dec-2013-OLD)[NLJIET]
Explain the structure of indexed sequential files. 3
(Jun-2015-OLD) (Oct-2020-NEW)[NLJIET]
Explain the structure of indexed sequential file. (May-2017-OLD)[NLJIET] 7
Write a short note on indexed file organization. 7
(Jan-2013-OLD)(Jun-2017-OLD)[NLJIET]
3 Explain Sequential Files and Indexed Sequential Files Structures. 8
(Dec-2009-OLD)[NLJIET]
Discuss the structure of sequential and indexed file organization. 7
(Jan-2017-OLD)[NLJIET]
Explain Sequential Files and Indexed Sequential Files Structures. 7
(Nov-2018-OLD)(Nov-2019-NEW)(Mar-2021-OLD)[NLJIET]
4 List various fundamental file organization techniques and explain each in brief. 7
(Dec-2010-OLD)[NLJIET]
State different File Organizations and discuss the advantages and disadvantages of each of 7
them.(May-2011-OLD)[NLJIET]
What is File Structure? Explain any one File Structure in detail. 7
(Jan-2016-OLD)[NLJIET]
Explain Sequential, Indexed Sequential and Random file organizations. 7
(Jun-2015-OLD)(Jun-2016-OLD)[NLJIET]
Explain different types of File Organizations and discuss the advantages and disadvantages 7
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 New L J Institute of Engineering and Technology Semester: III (2021)

of each of them.(Nov-2018-OLD)[NLJIET]
What is file organization? Briefly summarize different file organizations. 7
(Mar-2021-NEW)[NLJIET]
5 Explain hashing for direct files. (Dec-2010-OLD)[NLJIET] 7
6 Explain indexing structure for index files. (Nov-2017-OLD)(Jun-2019-OLD)[NLJIET] 3
Describe indexing structure for index file.(Nov-2019-OLD)[NLJIET] 4
Give a brief note on indexing. (Mar-2021-NEW)[NLJIET] 3
7 Write a short note on inverted key file organization. (Jan-2013-OLD) (Jun-2017 7
OLD)[NLJIET]
8 Define following 7
1. Strictly binary tree
2. Index sequential search
3. Hashing (Jun-2013-OLD)[NLJIET]
9 Write short notes on following 7
(i) Height Balanced Tree. (ii) Dequeue (Dec-2011-OLD)[NLJIET]
Write short notes on (i) Height Balanced Tree. (ii) Indexed-Sequential Files. (Dec-2013- 7
OLD)(Jun-2014-OLD)[NLJIET]
10 What difference between serial and is the sequential processing? How a record can be 4
deleted in sequential file? (Nov-2017-OLD)[NLJIET]
TOPIC:6 Multi-Key File Organization and Access Methods
SHORT QUESTIONS
1 What is multikey file organization? [NLJIET] 1
DESCRIPTIVE QUESTIONS
1 Explain various multiple key access file organization in brief with advantages and 7
disadvantages of each method. (Dec-2010-OLD)(Dec-2013-OLD)[NLJIET]
Explain the multi key file organization and access methods.(Jun-2015-OLD)[NLJIET] 7
Explain various multiple key access file organization in brief with advantages and 7
disadvantages of each method. (Jan-2015-OLD)[NLJIET]
2 How access of record is performed in multi key file organization? (Nov-2017-OLD) (Oct- 4
2020-NEW)[NLJIET]

CHAPTER NO- 5 : Sorting & Searching

TOPIC: Sorting – Bubble Sort, Selection Sort, Quick Sort, Merge Sort
SHORT QUESTIONS
1 Name two divide and conquer algorithms for sorting.(Jan-2016-OLD)[NLJIET] 1
2 What is the time complexity of Quicksort algorithm in the worst case? 1
(Jun-2016-OLD)[NLJIET]
3 What is need of Sorting? [NLJIET] 1
4 Consider a situation where swap operation is very costly. Which of the sorting algorithms 1
should be preferred so that the number of swap operations are minimized in general?
(May-2017-OLD)[NLJIET]
5 For sorting 1 GB of data with only 100 MB of available main memory. Which sorting 1
technique will be most appropriate? (May-2017-OLD)[NLJIET]
DESCRIPTIVE QUESTIONS
1 Write a selection sort algorithm and also discuss its efficiency. (Jan-2015-OLD)[NLJIET] 7
Write an algorithm for Selection sort method. Explain each step with an example. 7
(Jun-2016-OLD)[NLJIET]
Write a ‘C’ function for Selection sort. (Jan-2017-OLD)[NLJIET] 3
Write an algorithm for Selection sort. (Nov-2018-OLD)[NLJIET] 3
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 New L J Institute of Engineering and Technology Semester: III (2021)

Explain the trace of selection sort on following data. 7

42,23,74,11,65,58,94,36,99,87 (May-2017-OLD)[NLJIET]
2 Write a ‘C’ program for insertion sort and discuss its efficiency. 7
(Jun-2015-OLD)[NLJIET]
Write an algorithm for Insertion sort method. Explain each step with an example. 7
(Jun-2016-OLD)[NLJIET]
Explain the difference between insertion sort and selection sort with an example. What is 7
the time complexity of these algorithms? How? (May-2018-OLD)[NLJIET]
Write an algorithm for insertion sort.(Jun-2019-OLD)[NLJIET] 4
Examine the algorithm for Insertion sort and sort the following array: 7
77, 33, 44, 11, 88, 22, 66, 55 (Oct-2020-NEW)[NLJIET]
3 Explain Merge Sort with Example. [NLJIET] 7
Apply merge sort algorithm for the following data and show the steps. 7
66, 33, 40, 22, 55, 88, 11, 80, 20, 50, 44, 77, 30 (May-2018-OLD)[NLJIET]
Write an algorithm for merge sort. Show the steps of its working with sample data. 7
(Nov-2019-OLD)[NLJIET]
Write algorithm for Merge sort method.(Nov-2019-NEW)[NLJIET] 4
Apply merge sort algorithm to the following elements. 4
20, 10, 5, 15, 25, 30, 50, 35 (Mar-2021-NEW)[NLJIET]
4 Explain Bubble Sort with Example.[NLJIET] 7
Write a ‘C’ program for Bubble sort. (Jan-2017-OLD)[NLJIET] 4
Explain the trace of bubble sort on following data. 7
42,23,74,11,65,58,94,36,99,87 (May-2017-OLD)[NLJIET]
Write an algorithm for Bubble sort. (Nov-2018-OLD)(Nov-2019-NEW)[NLJIET] 3
Apply bubble sort on following data and show all steps. 7
123, 34, 65, 105, 27, 79, 12, 10, 125, 156 (Nov-2019-OLD)[NLJIET]
Write a ‘C’ program for bubble sort. (Mar-2021-NEW)[NLJIET] 7
Write a C program for bubble sort. (Mar-2021-OLD)[NLJIET] 4
5 Apply quicksort algorithm to sort the following data. Justify the steps. 4
42, 29, 74, 11, 65, 58 (Jan-2016-OLD)[NLJIET]
Sort the following numbers using (i) Selection sort (ii) Quick sort: 7
10 50 0 20 30 10 (Jan-2017-OLD)[NLJIET]
Write an algorithm for Quick sort. 4
(Jan-2017-OLD)(Oct-2020-NEW)(Mar-2021-OLD)[NLJIET]
Apply quick sort on following data: 7
42 23 74 11 65 58 94 36 99 87 (Nov-2017-OLD)[NLJIET]
What is the complexity of the quick sort algorithm on sorted data? Justify your answer. 3
(May-2018-OLD)[NLJIET]
Sort the following numbers in ascending order by applying quick sort. 7
29 15 11 82 22 17 53 57 4 8 .(Jun-2019-OLD)[NLJIET]
6 “If no interchanges occurred, then the table must be sorted and no further passes are 7
required.” Which sorting method works on this principal?
Apply above sorting technique on the following data
5 1 4 2 8
(Nov-2017-OLD)[NLJIET]
7 “If no interchanges occurred, then all the elements must be sorted and no further passes are 7
required.” Which sorting technique works on this principal? Apply the same sorting
technique on the following data to sort them in ascending order.
11, 15, 13, 14, 2, 8, 10 (Jun-2019-OLD)[NLJIET]
8 What do you mean by internal and external sorting? (Oct-2020-NEW)[NLJIET] 3
TOPIC:5 Searching – Sequential Search and Binary Search
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 New L J Institute of Engineering and Technology Semester: III (2021)

SHORT QUESTIONS
1 What is the worst case time complexity of searching an element in a list? How? 1
(Jan-2016-OLD)[NLJIET]
2 What is the complexity of binary search algorithm? (Jan-2016-OLD)[NLJIET] 1
3 Describe the time complexity of Binary search algorithm. (Jun-2016-OLD)[NLJIET] 1
DESCRIPTIVE QUESTIONS
1 Explain Sequential search method. (Jun-2016-OLD)[NLJIET] 3
Write an algorithm for Sequential Search. (Nov-2018-OLD)[NLJIET] 4
Explain Sequential search method with suitable example.(Jun-2019-OLD)[NLJIET] 3
Write an algorithm for linear searching.(Nov-2019-OLD)[NLJIET] 3
Explain sequential search with example. (Mar-2021-OLD)[NLJIET] 3
2 Explain Binary search method. (Jun-2016-OLD)[NLJIET] 4
Explain binary search with example. (Mar-2021-OLD)[NLJIET] 3
3 Write an algorithm for binary search method and discuss its efficiency. 7
(Jun-2015-OLD)[NLJIET]
Write an algorithm for Binary search method. (Jan-2017-OLD)[NLJIET] 3
Explain the binary search method. Write an algorithm for performing a binary search. 7
(Jun-2015-OLD)[NLJIET]
Write the algorithm for binary search and find its complexity. (May-2018-OLD)[NLJIET] 4
Write an algorithm for Binary Search. 4
(Nov-2018-OLD)(Jun-2019-OLD)(Nov-2019-OLD)[NLJIET]
Write down precondition and algorithm of binary search method. 7
(Jan-2015-OLD)[NLJIET]
4 How binary search technique can be applied to search for a particular item with a certain 4
key? (Nov-2017-OLD)[NLJIET]
5 What is time and space analysis? State and explain time analysis for linear search and 4
binary search method. (Nov-2019-NEW)[NLJIET]
6 Compare sequential searching with binary searching in detail. (Oct-2020-NEW)[NLJIET] 4
7 Search the number 50 from the given data using binary search technique. 3
Illustrate the searching process. 10, 14, 20, 39, 41, 45, 49, 50, 60
(Mar-2021-NEW)[NLJIET]

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New L J Institute of Engineering and Technology Semester: III (2021)

Subject Name: DBMS

Subject Code: 3130703
Faculties: Neha Thakkar, Neha Sisodiya, Parinda Prajapati

Sr. CHAPTER NO- 1: DATABASE SYSTEM ARCHITECTURE Marks

No
TOPIC:1 Introductory concept of DBMS, Data Abstraction, Data
Independence
SHORT QUESTIONS
1 Define DBMS and list out purpose of DBMS.(Dec-2015-Old)[NLJIET] 1
2 Which is the false statement ? 1
a. A Database is ordered collection of data.
b. A Database is systematic compilation of records in a computer
c. DBMS manages the database
d. Data helps in making decisions.
ANS :- d [NLJIET]
3 Define DBMS. (Jan-2017-OLD)(Mar-2021-New) [NLJIET] 1
4 What do you mean by Data Independence ? (Mar-2021-New) [NLJIET] 1
5 Which is the type of Data Independence? 1
a. Physical Data Independence
b. Logical Data Independence
c. Both
d. None of these
ANS :- c [NLJIET]
6 What do you mean by instances and schemas? (May-2016-Old)(Mar-2021-New) 1
[NLJIET]
Define: Instance and Schema. (Jan-2017-Old) [NLJIET] 1
7 State Main functional Components of Database System. [NLJIET] 1
8 What are the components of Storage Manager ? [NLJIET] 1
9 What are the components of Query Processor ?[NLJIET] 1
10 Internal level has _____________________________ 1
a. Individual users view of the database.
b. Community view of the database.
c. Physical representation of the database.
d. All of these.
ANS :- c [NLJIET]
11 Schema is usually stored in __________________________. 1
a. Tables
b. Data Dictionary
c. Both
d. None of these.
ANS :- b [NLJIET]
12 __________ is data about data. 1
A. Data type. B. Data item. C. Meta data. D. Information.
ANS :- C [NLJIET]
13 What is data dictionary? (May-2016-Old)[NLJIET] 1
14 Differentiate between Database User and Database Administrator.[NLJIET] 1
15 What are the functions of DBA ?[NLJIET] 1
16 The Users who are easy to use menu are called _______________________________ 1
a. Sophisticated end user
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New L J Institute of Engineering and Technology Semester: III (2021)

b. Naïve user
c. Stand alone users
d. Casual end users.
ANS :- b[NLJIET]
17 Which of the following is more concerned about the conceptual level of DBMS ? 1
a. DBA
b. The end user
c. The System Programmer
d. Client
ANS :- a[NLJIET]
18 Who is a DBA? (Dec-2015-Old) [NLJIET] 1
What is the main role of DBA? . (Jan-2017-Old) [NLJIET] 1
19 The __________ knows the details of the data storage. 1
A. decision support system analyst. B. database administrator.
C. database manager. D. transaction manager.
(Dec-2015-Old)[NLJIET]
ANS :- b
20 What is data? (May-2015-Old) [NLJIET] 1
21 Write any one difference between traditional file processing system and database management 1
system. (May-2016-Old )[NLJIET]
Write advantages of Database System. (June-2017-Old) [NLJIET] 1
DESCRIPTIVE QUESTIONS
1 Explain the different types of database users (Dec-2014-OLD) [NLJIET] 3
Enlist and briefly explain categories of database users (Jan-2017-Old) [NLJIET] 4
Explain types of database users (Dec-2018-Old) [NLJIET] 4
2 Explain different database users.(Dec-2009-Old) [NLJIET] 3
3 Explain the three level architecture of DBMS. (Dec-2014-OLD) [NLJIET] 7
Draw and explain three level architecture of DBMS (Jan-2017-Old) [NLJIET] 4
Explain database system architecture levels. (June-2017-Old) [NLJIET] 3
Explain three level architecture of DBMS. (May-2018-Old) (Dec-2018-Old) [NLJIET]
7
Explain Three level architecture of DBMS. (Nov-2019-Old) [NLJIET]
Explain the three level architecture of DBMS and its advantages. (May-2015-Old) 4
[NLJIET] 7
4 Explain Database Management System (DBMS) architecture with proper diagram. 7
(May-2016-Old) [NLJIET] 7
Explain DBMS System Architecture (Oct-2020-New) [NLJIET]
5 Explain three level database architecture. 6,7
(Dec-2011-Old)(May-2012-Old)(May-2011-Old)(Dec-2009-Old)(May-2013-Old),
(May-2014-old) (May-2015-Old)(Dec-2014-Old) [NLJIET]
6 Draw and discuss three level structure of database management system. 7
(Dec-2016-old) (Dec-2018-Old) [NLJIET]
7 Explain advantages and disadvantages of Conventional File-based system over Database 5
management system. (Dec-2014-OLD) [NLJIET]
Define DBMS. Describe Significant Difference Between a File processing system and a 4
DBMS (Nov-2017-Old) [NLJIET]
Explain disadvantages of file processing systems compare to Database management 4
system(June-2019-Old) [NLJIET]
Explain Disadvantages of conventional file-based system compared to database 7
management system (May-2018-Old)[NLJIET]
Explain advantage of database management system over a file oriented system (Dec-2018- 7
Old) [NLJIET]
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New L J Institute of Engineering and Technology Semester: III (2021)

Enlist and explain the advantages of DBMS over traditional file system. (Nov-2019-New) 7
[NLJIET]
Explain Advantages of Database management system over File oriented system (Nov- 4
2019-Old) [NLJIET]
How is DBMS better than File Management System? (Dec-2015-Old) [NLJIET] 4
8 Discuss the role of database administrator (DBA).( May-2016-Old) 4
Explain tasks of DBA. (June-2017-Old) [NLJIET] 3
What are main functions of a Database Administrator? (Nov-2017-Old) 4
What are the main functions of a database administrator? (Oct-2020-New) [NLJIET]
3
Explain tasks of DBA. (May-2018-Old) [NLJIET]
Describe tasks performed by the Database Administrator (Mar-2021-New) [NLJIET] 4
Who is DBA? Explain the role of DBA in DBMS (May-2015-Old) [NLJIET] 4
7
9 Explain functions and responsibilities of DBA.(Dec-2011-Old)(May-2011-Old)(Dec- 5
2010-Old)(Dec-2009-Old) (May-2013-old)(May -2015-Old) [NLJIET]
10 What is the difference between Database user and Database administrator? 7
Explain various functions of Database Administrator? (Dec-2014-Old) [NLJIET]
11 List and discuss various types of database users. (Dec-2016-Old) [NLJIET] 7
12 Briefly explain applications of DBMS. (May-2016-Old) [NLJIET] 3
13 Explain Data Independence and its types in detail. (June-2017-Old) [NLJIET] 7
14 What is data independence? Explain the difference between physical and logical data 3,7
independence with example.(Dec-2010-Old) (Nov-2013-Old) [NLJIET] 4
Physical independence vs Logical independence (Dec-2016-old) [NLJIET]
15 Explain Instance and Schema in detail. (Nov-2019-New) [NLJIET] 3
16 Explain the difference between physical and logical data independence (Oct-2020-New) 4
[NLJIET]
17 Describe the differences in meaning between the terms relation and relation schema 3
(Oct-2020-New) [NLJIET]
TOPIC:2 Data Definition Language (DDL), Data Manipulation
Language (DML)
SHORT QUESTIONS
1 DDL stands for __________________________________. . (Jan-2017-Old) [NLJIET] 1
2 What is DDL?[NLJIET] 1
3 What is DML?[NLJIET] 1
4 What is DCL?[NLJIET] 1
DESCRIPTIVE QUESTIONS
1 Define DDL, DML and DCL (Dec-2018-Old)[NLJIET] 3
2 Define DBMS. Explain the DBMS languages with examples: DDL, DML, and DCL. 7
(May-2015-Old) [NLJIET]

CHAPTER NO- 2: DATA MODELS

TOPIC:1 Entity Relationship Model
SHORT QUESTIONS
1 What is E-R Model ?[NLJIET] 1
2 Differentiate between Condition defined and user defined Constraints. [NLJIET] 1
3 Differentiate between Disjoint and Overlapping Constraints. [NLJIET] 1
4 What do you mean by Key of the relation ?[NLJIET] 1

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New L J Institute of Engineering and Technology Semester: III (2021)

5 Differentiate between Super Key and Candidate Key.[NLJIET] 1

6 Differentiate between Primary Key and Foreign Key.[NLJIET] 1
7 Define candidate key. (May-2016-OLD) [NLJIET] 1
8 Define NULL constraint. (May-2016-OLD) [NLJIET] 1
9 State True or False: A table cannot contain multiple primary keys. (Jan-2017-OLD) 1
[NLJIET]
10 ____________ is an attribute, or set of attributes, that uniquely identifies a tuple within a 1
relation
A. Foreign key B. Superkey C. Matching key D. None of above
(June-2017-OLD) [NLJIET]
11 Give Various types of Relationships.[NLJIET] 1
12 Differentiate between Unary and Binary Relationship.[NLJIET] 1
13 Define Weak and Strong Entity Sets.[NLJIET] 1
14 What does the Cardinality ratio specify ?[NLJIET] 1
15 Draw symbols for following in E-R diagram: Weak Entity set, Derived attribute 1
(Dec-2015-OLD) [NLJIET]
16 List out the Mapping Cardinalities in ER diagram. (Dec-2015-OLD) [NLJIET] 1
17 Define entity set and attribute in E-R diagram. (May-2016-OLD) [NLJIET] 1
18 List various mapping cardinalities of E-R diagram. . (Jan-2017-OLD) [NLJIET] 1
19 ___________________ are made of more than one simple attribute. (Jan-2017-OLD) 1
[NLJIET]
20 What is an ER ?[NLJIET] 1
21 What is Specialization ?[NLJIET] 1
22 What is Generalization ?[NLJIET] 1
23 What is Aggregation ?[NLJIET] 1
24 Explain generalization and specialization in ER diagram with suitable example. 1
(Dec-2015-OLD) [NLJIET]
25 Define Constraint. List out constraints. (June-2017-OLD) [NLJIET] 1
DESCRIPTIVE QUESTIONS
1 Define: entity set, relationship, relationship set, attribute, weak entity set, strong entity set 7
[NLJIET]
2 Explain ER model with example. [NLJIET] 5
3 Explain different types of mapping cardinalities and total participation. (May 2012-OLD) 4
(Mar 2010-OLD) [NLJIET]
3
Write a note on mapping cardinality in E-R Diagram. (May-2016-OLD) [NLJIET]
7
Explain mapping cardinalities and total participation with appropriate example. 3
(Dec-2015-OLD) [NLJIET]
Explain various mapping cardinalities. (Nov 2019-NEW) [NLJIET]
4 Draw the ER diagram for different examples (like University Exam System, Library 7
Management System, Insurance company). (Dec 2011-OLD) (May 2012-OLD) (Dec
2009-OLD) (May 2011-OLD) (Mar 2010-OLD) ( May 2013-OLD) [NLJIET]
5 Explain different types of attributes in ER model (May 2011-OLD) [NLJIET] 7
6 Explain ER diagram with all symbols and example. (Dec 2011-OLD) (May 2012-OLD) 4
(Dec 2010-OLD) ( May 2013-OLD) [NLJIET] 7
What is Entity set? Also define Relationship set. List and explain all the symbols used
to draw ER Diagram. (May-2015-OLD) [NLJIET]
7 Draw an ER diagram for describing the activities of a departmental store. 7
(Dec-2015-OLD)[NLJIET]
8 Draw an ER diagram for a car insurance company that has a set of customers each of 7

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New L J Institute of Engineering and Technology Semester: III (2021)

whom owns one or more cars. Each car has associated with it 0 to any number of recorded
accidents. (Dec-2015-OLD) [NLJIET]

Construct an E-R diagram for a car insurance company whose customers own one or more 7
cars each. Each car has associated with it zero to any number of recorded accidents. Each
insurance policy covers one or more cars, and has one or more premium payments
associated with it. Each payment is for a particular period of time and has an associated
due date and the date when the payment was received. (Nov-2019-NEW) [NLJIET]
Construct an E-R diagram for a car-insurance company whose customers own one or 7
more cars each. Each car has associated with it zero to any number of recorded accidents.
(Nov-2017-OLD)[NLJIET]
9 Define E-R diagram. Draw an E-R diagram for Library Management System. Assume 7
relevant entities and attributes for the given system. (May-2016-OLD, Dec-2018-OLD)
[NLJIET]
10 Draw E-R diagram for bank management system.. (Jan-2017-OLD) [NLJIET] 7
Draw an E-R diagram for Banking enterprise. (Dec-2014-OLD) [NLJIET] 7
Draw E-R diagram for bank management system. (May-2018-OLD)[NLJIET] 7
Construct E-R diagram for a bank which has many branches and it supports different types 7
of accounts. It also provides loans to customers. Use Specialization and Generalization in
your diagram. [NLJIET]
11 Explain following terms with reference to E-R model. 7
1. Entity & it’s Attributes.
2. Relationship Type (including recursive).
3. Cardinality & Participation.
4. Weak-Entity Type & Relationship Type. . (Jan -2017-OLD) [NLJIET]
12 In academic world, A researcher can either be employed as a professor or a 7
lab assistant. There are three kinds of professors: Assistant, associate, and full
professors. The following should be stored:
● For each researcher, his/her name, year of birth, and current position (if
any).
● For each institution, its name, country, and inauguration year.
● For each institution, the names of its schools (e.g. School of Law, School of
Business, School of Computer Science,. . ). A school belongs to exactly
one institution.
● An employment history, including information on all employments (start
and end date, position, and what school).
● Information about co-authorships, i.e., which researchers have co-authored
a research paper. The titles of common research papers should also be
stored.
● For each researcher, information on his/her highest degree (BSc, MSc or
PhD), including who was the main supervisor, and at what school.
● For each professor, information on what research projects (title, start date,
and end date) he/she is involved in, and the total amount of grant money for
which he/she was the main applicant.

Draw an ER diagram for the data set described above. Make sure to indicate
all cardinality constraints specified above. The ER diagram should not contain
redundant entity sets, relationships, or attributes. Also, use relationships
whenever appropriate. (June-2017-OLD) [NLJIET]

13 (I) 7
In college database, we have following:
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New L J Institute of Engineering and Technology Semester: III (2021)

• A college contains many departments

• Each department can offer any number of courses
• Many instructors can work in a department
• An instructor can work only in one department
• For each department there is a Head
• An instructor can be head of only one department
• Each instructor can take any number of courses
• A course can be taken by only one instructor
• A student can enroll for any number of courses
• Each course can have any number of students

Draw an ER diagram for the data set described above. Make sure to indicate
all cardinality constraints specified above. The ER diagram should not contain
redundant entity sets, relationships, or attributes. Also, use relationships
whenever appropriate.

(II)
A weak entity set can always be made into a strong entity set by adding to its
attributes the primary-key attributes of its identifying entity set. Outline what
sort of redundancy will result if we do so. (June-2017-OLD) [NLJIET]

14 Define E-R Diagram. List and explain various components of E-R diagram. Draw and 7
explain generalization and specialization E-R diagram for Banking Management System.
Assume relevant entities and attributes. (Dec-2016-OLD) [NLJIET]

15 Explain the difference between a weak and a strong entity set. (Nov-2017-OLD) 3
[NLJIET]
Explain the difference between a weak and a strong entity set. (Dec-2018-OLD) [NLJIET] 4
Differentiate strong entity set and weak entity set. Demonstrate the
concept of both using real-time example using E-R diagram. (Mar -2021-NEW) 7
[NLJIET]
16 Draw an E-R diagram of following scenario. Make necessary assumptions and clearly note 7
down the same. We would like to make our College’s manually operated Library to fully
Computerized. (Mar-2021-NEW) [NLJIET]
17 Explain extended ER features (specialization, generalization, attribute inheritance, 5
aggregation). (Dec. 2011-OLD) (May 2011-OLD) (Dec 2009-OLD) (May 2013-OLD)
[NLJIET] 3
Signify the concept of Aggregation in ER Diagram with example. (Dec-2015-OLD)
[NLJIET] 7
Define E-R diagram. Discuss generalization and specialization in E-R diagram with
suitable diagram. (Jan-2017-OLD) [NLJIET] 7
Explain Specialization, Generalization and Categorization in DBMS. (June-2017-OLD)
[NLJIET] 7
Explain specialization and generalization concepts in ER diagram with suitable
example. (May-2018-OLD)( Dec 2018-OLD)( Nov-2019-NEW) [NLJIET]

18 Construct E-R diagram for a hospital with a set of patients and medical doctors. 7
Associate with each patient a log of various tests suggested by doctors and examinations
conducted. Use Specialization and Generalization in your diagram. (May 2013-OLD)
[NLJIET] 7
Design a database for a hospital with a set of patients and a set of medical doctors.
Associate with each patient a log of the various tests and examinations conducted Your
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New L J Institute of Engineering and Technology Semester: III (2021)

design should include an E-R diagram, a set of relational schemas, and a list of
constraints, including primary-key and foreign-key constraints. (Jun-2019-OLD)
[NLJIET]
7
Define E-R Diagram. Draw an E-R Diagram for Hospital Billing System. (Nov 2019-
OLD) [NLJIET] 7
Draw an Entity Relation diagram for the Hospital Management System. Consider the
different types of Patients with respect to Disease and In-Patient and Out-Patient
Department in the design. Consider the availability of all well qualified Doctors. Consider
various types of tests and operations to be conducted. Explain the mapping cardinality
used. Assume suitable attributes. Use generalization and Specialization. (Dec-2014-OLD)
[NLJIET]
19 List the steps in proper sequence in order to convert an ER and EER diagram into 7
tables. (May-2015-OLD) [NLJIET]
20 Draw an ER diagram for Event Management System. (May 2015-OLD) [NLJIET] 7
21 Write functionalities that are required for making one School Management System in 7
brief. Draw ER Diagram of School Management System.
(Dec-2015-OLD) [NLJIET]
22 Design a generalization–specialization hierarchy for a motor-vehicle sales company. The 7
company sells motorcycles, passenger cars, vans, and buses. Justify your placement of
attributes at each level of the hierarchy. Explain why they should not be placed at a higher
or lower level. (Nov-2017-OLD )[NLJIET]
23 Design a database for an airline. The database must keep track of customers and their 7
reservations, flights and their status, seat assignments on individual flights, and the
schedule and routing of future flights. Your design should include an E-R diagram, a set of
relational schemas, and a list of constraints, including primary-key and foreign-key
constraints. (Jun-2019-OLD) [NLJIET]
24 What are the different types of relationships in the DBMS? (Nov-2019-OLD) [NLJIET] 3
25 An ER diagram can be viewed as a graph. What do 7
the following mean in terms of the structure of an
enterprise schema?
(1) The graph is disconnected.
(2) The graph is acyclic.
(Oct -2020-NEW) [NLJIET]
26 Draw ER diagram for university database consisting four entities Student, Department, 7
Class and Faculty. Student has a unique id, the student can enroll for multiple classes and
has a most one major. Faculty must belong to department and faculty can teach multiple
classes. Each class is taught by only faculty. Every student will get grade for the class
he/she has enrolled. (Oct -2020-NEW) [NLJIET]

TOPIC:2 Network Model, Relational and Object Oriented Data Models,

Integrity Constraints, Data Manipulation Operations
SHORT QUESTIONS 1
What is the relational model ? [NLJIET] 1
1 Define term Relation. [NLJIET] 1
2 Define : Domain. [NLJIET] 1
3 Define Cardinality and degree of the relation. [NLJIET] 1
4 What is referential integrity ? [NLJIET] 1
5 A Set of Possible data value is called ______________________. 1
a. Attribute
b. Degree

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New L J Institute of Engineering and Technology Semester: III (2021)

c. Tuple
d. Domain
[NLJIET]
6 In the relational modes , Cardinality is termed as ______________________. 1
a. Number of Tuples
b. Number of Attributes
c. Number of tables
d. Number of Constraints.
[NLJIET]
7 Define RDBMS (May-2016-OLD) [NLJIET] 1
8 A relational database consists of a collection of ______________. 1
a) Tables b) Fields c) Records d) Keys . (Jan-2017-OLD) [NLJIET]
9 The number of tuples in a relation is known as 1
A. degree B. relation C. attribute D. cardinality (June-2017-OLD) [NLJIET]
10 Which of the following aspects of data is the concern of a relational database model? 1
A. data manipulation B. data integrity C. data structure D. all of these
(June-2017-OLD) [NLJIET]
DESCRIPTIVE QUESTIONS
1 Explain Network Model. [NLJIET] 5
2 Explain Object Oriented Models [NLJIET] 5
3 List and explain various data models used for database design. 7
(May-2015-OLD) [NLJIET]
4 What is Integrity Constrain? Explain various types of Integrity constraints with Example. 7
(Dec-2014-OLD)[NLJIET]
What is constraint in database? Explain types of constraints with suitable example. (May 3
2011-OLD)( May 2013-OLD ) [NLJIET]
What is constraint? Explain types of constraints. (Jun-2019-OLD) [NLJIET] 3
What do you mean by integrity constraints? Discuss various integrity constraints. (Nov- 3
2019-NEW) [NLJIET]
5 Define: Primary key, Foreign Key and NOT NULL constraint. (Jan-2017-OLD) 3
[NLJIET]
Explain following terms with suitable example.
(1) Primary Key (2) Candidate Key (3) Foreign Key (4) Check Constraint (Dec-2015- 5
OLD) [NLJIET]
Define Primary key, Candidate key and Super key. (Nov-2017-OLD) [NLJIET] 3
Define: Primary key, Foreign Key and NOT NULL constraint (May-2018-OLD) 4
[NLJIET]
Explain: super key, candidate key, primary key, alternate key, foreign key, domain, 7
attribute, relation. (May2011-OLD)(Dec 2010-OLD)(Dec 2009-OLD)(Nov-2013-OLD))
[NLJIET] 3
Define Primary key, Candidate key and Super key. (Nov-2019-NEW) [NLJIET] 3
Define the terms: a) Primary Key b) Super Key (MAR-2021-NEW) [NLJIET] 3
Define the terms : a) foreign key b) candidate key (MAR-2021-NEW) [NLJIET] 7
Define: (1) Data (2) Entity (3) Meta Data (4) Super key (5) Not Null (6) Data Integrity (7) Dual
(May-2015-OLD) [NLJIET] 3
Define primary key, NOT NULL key and Unique key. (Dec-2018-OLD) [NLJIET]
6 Explain on delete cascade with example. (Jun-2019-OLD) [NLJIET] 3
7 Differentiate Between: (1) update and insert (2) primary key and foreign key (3) 7
grant and revoke (4) row and column (May-2015-OLD) [NLJIET]
8 Discuss following terms with proper example(s). 4
1. Referential Integrity (Foreign Key) constraint
2. Check constraint (May-2016-OLD) [NLJIET]
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CHAPTER NO- 3: RELATIONAL QUERY LANGUAGES

TOPIC:1 Relational Algebra
SHORT QUESTIONS
1 What is relational algebra? [NLJIET] 1
2 What are the unary operations in relational algebra ?[NLJIET] 1
3 What is degree of a relation ?[NLJIET] 1
4 Set Concept is used in ______________________. [NLJIET] 1
a. Network Model
b. Hierarchical Model
c. Relational Model
d. None of these.
5 Relational Algebra is ___________________. [NLJIET] 1
a. Data definition language
b. Meta language
c. Procedural Query language
d. None of the above.
6 Write a symbol for project operation in relational algebra. (May-2016-OLD )[NLJIET] 1
DESCRIPTIVE QUESTIONS
1 Explain transformation of relational expression into equivalent relational expression. 5
(Mar-2010-OLD) [NLJIET]
2 Explain different operations of relational algebra with example. (Dec-2009-OLD) (Dec- 7
2011-OLD) (May-2011-OLD) [NLJIET]
Write short note on Relational algebra (May-2014-OLD) ( Dec-2014-OLD)[NLJIET] 7
List all the Relational algebra operators. Explain the working of Cartesian product 3
Operation and the Division Operation with an appropriate example. (Dec-2014-OLD)
What is Relational Algebra? Enlist and Explain the fundamental operation of 7
relational algebra. (Dec-2014-OLD) (May-2015-OLD) [NLJIET]
Explain Cartesian Product operation in Relational ALGEBRA.[NLJIET] 4
List the relational algebra operators. Discuss any one such algebra operator with suitable 3
example.(May-2016-OLD) [NLJIET]
What is Relational Algebra? Define relational algebra operation cross product with 3
example.(Nov-2017-OLD) [NLJIET]
List the relational algebra operators. Discuss any two such algebra operator with suitable 4
example. (Nov-2019-NEW) [NLJIET]
3 List the type of joins in relational algebra. Explain with example.(Mar-2021-NEW) 4
[NLJIET]
4 Explain Outer Join operations.(Nov-2017-OLD) [NLJIET] 3
Explain different types of outer join with example. (May-2018-OLD) [NLJIET] 7
Explain different types of outer join with example. (Dec-2018-OLD) [NLJIET]
5 Explain following relational algebraic operation (i) Division (ii) inner join 7
(iii) intersection (June-2019-OLD) [NLJIET]
6 Explain following relation algebra operations: (i) full outer join (ii) projection (iii) 7
Cartesian product.(June-2019-OLD) [NLJIET]
7 Which operator is used for “For All “type of queries? Explain same with example. (Mar- 7
2021-NEW) [NLJIET]
8 List unary relational operators and explain with example. (Mar-2021-NEW) [NLJIET] 4
9 Solve the queries for the following database using Relational Algebra 7
branch(branch-name, branch-city, assets)
customer(customer-name, customer-street, customer-only)
account(account-number, branch-name, balance)
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New L J Institute of Engineering and Technology Semester: III (2021)

loan(loan-number, branch-name, amount)

depositor (customer-name, account-number)
borrower (customer-name, loan-number)
1) Find all loans of over $1200
2) Find the loan number for each loan of an amount greater than $1200
3) Find the names of all customers who have a loan, an account, or both, from the bank
4) Find the names of all customers who have a loan and an account at bank.
5) Find the names of all customers who have a loan at the Perryridge branch.
6) Find the names of all customers who have a loan at the Perryridge branch but do not
have an account at any branch of the bank.
7) Find the names of all customers who have a loan & an account at the Perryridge branch.
(Dec-2015-OLD) [NLJIET]
10 Consider the following relational database, where the primary keys are underlined. Give 4
an expression in the relational algebra to express each of the following queries:
employee (ssn, name, dno, salary, hobby, gender)
department (dno, dname, budget, location, mgrssn)
works_on (ssn, pno)
project (pno, pname, budget, location, goal)
1. List all pairs of employee names and the project numbers they work on.
2. List out department number, department name and department budget.
3. List all projects that Raj Yadav works on by project name.
4. List the names of employees who supervise themselves. (June-2017-OLD) [NLJIET]
11 Consider the following relational database, where the primary keys are underlined. Give 4
an expression in the relational algebra to express each of the following queries:
course (course-id, title, dept_name, credits)
instructor (id, name, dept_name, salary)
section (course-id, sec-id, semester, year, building, room_no, time_slot_id)
teaches (id, course-id, sec-id, semester, year)
1. Find the name of all instructors in the physics department.
2. Find all the courses taught in the fall 2009 semester but not in Spring semester.
3. Find the names of all instructors in the Comp. Sci. department together with the course
titles of all the courses that the instructors teach.
4. Find the average salary in each department.(June-2017-OLD) [NLJIET]
12 Consider the relational database given below. Give an expression in the relational algebra 4
to express each of the following queries:
Employee (person-name, street, city)
Works (person-name, company-name, salary)
Company (company-name, city)
Manages (person-name, manager-name)
1) Find the names of all employees in this database who live in the same city as the
company for which they work.
2) Find the names, street address, and cities of residence of all employees who work
for HCL and earn more than $10,000 per annum. (Nov-2017-OLD) [NLJIET]
13 The relational database schema is given below. 4
employee (person-name, street, city)
works (person-name, company-name, salary)
company (company-name, city)
manages (person-name, manager-name)
Write the relational algebra expressions for the given queries.
1. Find the names of all employees who work for First Bank Corporation.
2. Find the names and cities of residence of all employees who work for First Bank
Corporation.
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New L J Institute of Engineering and Technology Semester: III (2021)

3. Find the names, street address, and cities of residence of all employees who work for
First Bank Corporation and earn more than $10,000 per annum.
4. Find the names of all employees in this database who do not work for First Bank
Corporation.(Nov-2019-NEW) [NLJIET]
14 Consider the following relational database schema consisting of the four relation schemas: 7
passenger ( pid, pname, pgender, pcity)
agency ( aid, aname, acity)
flight (fid, fdate, time, src, dest)
booking (pid, aid, fid, fdate)
Answer the following questions using relational algebra queries.
a. Get the details about all flights from Chennai to New Delhi.
b. Get the complete details of all flights to New Delhi.
c. Find the passenger names for passengers who have bookings on at least one flight.
(Mar-2021-NEW) [NLJIET]
TOPIC:2 Tuple and Domain Relational Calculus
SHORT QUESTIONS
1 What is Tuple Relational Calculus? [NLJIET] 1
2 How does Tuple oriented relational Calculus differ from domain oriented relational 1
calculus? [NLJIET]
DESCRIPTIVE QUESTIONS
1 Let the following relation schemas be given: 5
R = (A, B,C)
S = (D, E, F)
Let relations r(R) and s(S) be given. Give an expression in the tuple relational
calculus that is equivalent to each of the following:

[NLJIET]
2 Let R = (A, B, C), and let r1 and r2 both be relations on schema R. Give an expression in 7
the domain relational calculus that is equivalent to each of the following:

[NLJIET]
TOPIC:3 SQL3, DDL and DML constructs, Open source and
Commercial DBMS - MYSQL, ORACLE, DB2, SQL server.
DESCRIPTIVE QUESTIONS
1 Explain DDL in SQL3 [NLJIET] 7
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New L J Institute of Engineering and Technology Semester: III (2021)

2 Explain DML in SQL3 [NLJIET] 7

3 Write a short note on MySQL tool. [NLJIET] 5
4 Write a short note on Oracle for DBMS. [NLJIET] 5
5 Write a short note on DB2 tool. [NLJIET] 5
6 Write a short note on SQL Server. [NLJIET] 5

CHAPTER NO- 4: RELATIONAL DATABASE DESIGN

TOPIC 1. Functional Dependency – definition, trivial and non-trivial
FD, closure of FD set, closure of attributes, irreducible set of FD
SHORT QUESTIONS
1 List the Pitfalls of Relational Database System. [NLJIET] 1
2 Define : Functional Dependency .[NLJIET] 1
3 What are the uses of Functional Dependency ?) [NLJIET] 1
4 What is Fully Functional dependency ?) [NLJIET] 1
5 What is Determinant ?) [NLJIET] 1
6 Give an example of a relation schema R and a set of dependencies such that R is in BCNF 1
but is not in 4NF. (June-2017-Old) [NLJIET]
7 Considering functional dependency, one in which removal from some attributes must 1
affect dependency is called A. full functional dependency B. partial dependency
C. prime functional dependency D. transitive dependency (June-2017-Old) [NLJIET]
8 What is closure of a Set of Functional Dependencies ?) [NLJIET] 1
9 What are Axioms ?) [NLJIET] 1
10 What is Canonical cover ?) [NLJIET] 1
11 List out any three properties of MVD. (June-2017-Old) [NLJIET] 1
DESCRIPTIVE QUESTIONS
1 What is Functional Dependency? Explain (Dec-2014-OLD) [NLJIET] 2
2 What is functional dependency? Explain the its types in detail (May-2015-OLD) 7
[NLJIET]
What is Functional dependency? Explain all its types with example (Nov-2019-Old) 7
[NLJIET]
What is redundant functional dependency? Explain trivial and non trivial functional 7
dependency with example. (June-2019-Old) [NLJIET]
3 Explain functional dependency.(May-2012-Old)(May-2011-Old)(May-2013-Old) (May- 4
2015-Old) (Dec-2014-Old) [NLJIET]
4 Explain trivial and nontrivial dependency.(May-2011-Old) [NLJIET] 5
5 Explain closure of a set of attributes (May-2011-Old)(Dec-2010-Old) (Dec-2009-Old) 4
[NLJIET]
6 What is canonical cover? Consider following set F of functional dependencies on schema 4, 5
R(A,B,C) and compute canonical cover for F.
A -> BC B -> C A -> B AB -> C (Mar-2010-Old) (Jun-2019-Old) [NLJIET]
7 Given relation R with attributes A,B, C,D,E,F and set of FDs as A-> BC, E-> CF, B->E 3
and CD-> EF. Find out closure {A,B}+ of the set of attributes. (Dec-2015-OLD)
[NLJIET]
8 A college keeps details about a student and the various modules the student studied. These 4
details comprise regno - registration number , n - student name , a - student address ,tno -
tutor number , tna - tutor name ,dc - diploma code , dn - diploma name , mc - module code
, mn - module name , res - module exam result where
details(regno,n,a,tno,tna,dc,dn,(mc,mn,res)) dc -> dn tno -> tna mc,mn -> res n -> a mc ->
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mn Reduce the relation DETAILS to third normal form. (Dec-2015-OLD) [NLJIET]

9 Given R= (A, B, C, G, H, I). The following set F of functional dependencies holds 3
A – B A – C CG – H CG – I B -- H Compute AG+ . Is AG a candidate key?
(Dec-2015-OLD) [NLJIET]
10 Compute the closure of R (A, B, C, D, E) with the following set of functional 3
dependencies A --> BC CD --> E B --> D E --> A List the candidate keys of R.
(Dec-2015-OLD) [NLJIET]
Compute the closure of the following set F of functional dependencies for relation schema
r ( A, B, C, D, E) A --> BC CD --> E B --> D E --> A List the candidate keys of R 7
(June-2017-Old) (Oct-2020-New) [NLJIET]
11 Consider schema R = (A, B, C, G, H, I) and the set F of functional dependencies 3,4
{A → B, A → C, CG → H, CG → I, B → H}.( Use F+) Prove that AG → I Holds.
(Nov-2017-Old) (Nov-2019-New) [NLJIET]
12 Consider schema EMPLOYEE(E-ID,E-NAME,E-CITY,E-STATE) and 4
FD = {E-ID->E-NAME, E-ID->E-CITY, E-ID->E-STATE, E-CITY->E-STATE}
1) Find attribute closure for: (E-ID)+
2) Find(E-Name)+ (Nov-2017-Old)[NLJIET]
13 Consider following set F of functional dependencies on schema R(A,B,C) and compute 4
canonical cover for F
A→ BC
B→C
A→B
AB → C (June-2019-Old) [NLJIET]
14 Compute the closure of the following set F of functional dependencies for relation schema 7
R = (ABCDE),
F = {A -> C, E -> D, B -> C}
List the candidate keys for R. (Nov-2019-Old) [NLJIET]
15 Explain Armstrong’s Axioms in detail (Nov-2019-New) [NLJIET] 4
16 Use the definition of functional dependency to argue that each of Armstrong’s axioms 7
(reflexivity, augmentation, and transitivity) is sound (Oct-2020-New) [NLJIET]
17 Consider the relation scheme R = {E, F, G, H, I, J, K, L, M, M} and the set of functional 3
dependencies {{E, F} -> {G}, {F} -> {I, J}, {E, H} -> {K, L}, K -> {M}, L -> {N} on R.
What is the key for R? (Mar-2021-New) [NLJIET]
18 Consider a relation scheme R = (A, B, C, D, E, H) on which the following functional 4
dependencies hold: {A–>B, BC–> D, E–>C, D–>A}. What are the candidate keys of R?(
Any 1 in case of more than one candidate key (Mar-2021-New) [NLJIET]
19 Explain lossless and lossy decomposition [NLJIET] 5
20 Explain closure of a set of attributes [NLJIET] 4
21 What is Redundancy? Explain the anomalies in relational database [NLJIET] 7
TOPIC:2 Normalization – 1Nf, 2NF, 3NF, Decomposition using FD-
dependency preservation, BCNF, Multi- valued dependency, 4NF, Join
dependency and 5NF
SHORT QUESTIONS
1 State true or false: Any relation schema that satisfies BCNF also satisfies 3NF.(May-2016-OLD) 1
[NLJIET]
2 What is Normalization ?) [NLJIET] 1
3 What is the purpose of normalization ?) [NLJIET] 1
4 List the desirable properties of Decomposition.) [NLJIET] 1
5 What do you mean by Lossless Decomposition.) [NLJIET] 1
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DESCRIPTIVE QUESTIONS
1 What is normalization? Explain the need for normalization (Dec-2014-OLD) [NLJIET] 4
2 What are Multi-valued dependencies? Explain with an appropriate example.(Dec-2014- 3
OLD) [NLJIET]
3 What problems can occur due to the wrong database design? How they can be solved? 4
(Dec-2014-OLD) [NLJIET]
4 What is Normalization? What are its characteristics? Explain 2NF and 3NF in detail. 7
(May-2015-OLD) [NLJIET]
Elaborate Normalization. Explain any three normal forms with suitable example(s). (May- 7
2016-OLD) [NLJIET]
What is meant by normalization? Write its need. List and discuss various normalization 7
forms. . (Jan-2017-Old) [NLJIET]
What is Normalization? Explain 1NF, 2NF, 3NF, BCNF with example (Nov-2019-Old) 7
[NLJIET]
Elaborate Normalization. Explain any two normal forms with suitable example(s). 4
(May-2018-Old) [NLJIET]
What is meant by normalization? Write its need. List and discuss database anomaly during 4
database design. (Dec-2018-Old) [NLJIET]
Why should normalization be performed on a table and what are its benefits? Explain 3NF 7
and BCNF. (June-2019-Old) [NLJIET]
Explain various Normal forms up to 3NF (Nov-2019-New) [NLJIET] 3
What is normalization? Explain 3NF. (Oct-2020-New) [NLJIET] 3
What is normalization? Explain 2NF. (Oct-2020-New)[NLJIET] 3
5 Prove the statement “Every relation which is in BCNF is in 3NF but the converse is not 4
true (Dec-2015-OLD) [NLJIET]
6 In the BCNF decomposition algorithm, suppose you use a functional dependency α-→β to 3
decompose a relation schema r ( α , ß , γ ) into r1 (α , ß ) and r 2 ( α , γ ).
1. What primary and foreign-key constraint do you expect to hold on the decomposed
relations?
2. Give an example of an inconsistency that can arise due to an erroneous update, if the
foreign-key constraint were not enforced on the decomposed relations above.
3. When a relation is decomposed into 3NF, what primary and foreign key dependencies
would you expect will hOld on the decomposed schema?
(June-2017-Old) [NLJIET]
7 A software contract and consultancy firm maintains details of all the various projects in 4,7
which its employees are currently involved. These details comprise: Employee Number ,
Employee Name , Date of Birth , Department Code , Department Name , Project Code ,
Project Description , Project Supervisor

Assume the following:

Each employee number is unique.
Each department has a single department code.
Each project has a single code and supervisor.
Each employee may work on one or more projects.
Employee names need not necessarily be unique.
Project Code, Project Description and Project Supervisor are repeating
fields.
Normalise this data to Third Normal Form.(June-2017-Old).(Nov-2019-New) [NLJIET]
8 A college maintains details of its lecturers' subject area skills. These details comprise: 4,7
Lecturer Number, Lecturer Name, Lecturer Grade, Department Code, Department Name,
Subject Code, Subject Name, Subject Level

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New L J Institute of Engineering and Technology Semester: III (2021)

Assume that each lecturer may teach many subjects but may not belong to more than one
department. Subject Code, Subject Name and Subject Level are repeating fields.
Normalize this data to Third Normal Form. (June-2017-Old)(Nov-2019-New) [NLJIET]
9 What is Normalization? Normalize below given relation up to 3NF. 7

(Nov-2017-Old)[NLJIET]
10 Normalize the following schema, with given constraints, to 4NF. books(accessionno, isbn, 4
title, author, publisher) users(userid, name, deptid, deptname)
List of constraints:
accessionno → isbn
isbn → title
isbn → publisher
isbn →→ author
userid → name
userid → deptid
deptid → deptname (June-2019-Old) [NLJIET]
11 Explain normalization and redundancy. (Dec-2011-Old) (Dec-2009-Old) (Dec-2014-Old) 4
[NLJIET]
12 Explain: 1 NF , 2 NF, 3 NF, BCNF, 4 NF, 5 NF with example and with advantage and 7
disadvantage.(Dec-2011-Old(May-2012-Old)(May-2011-Old)(Dec-2010-Old)
(Dec-2009-Old) (May-2013-Old) (May-2015-Old) [NLJIET]
13 Explain with suitable example, the process of normalization covering from 1NF to 3NF. 3, 7
(Nov-2013-Old) (Nov-2019-Old) [NLJIET]
14 What is Normalization? Why normalization process is needed? Explain 1 NF, 2 NF and 3 7
NF with example. (May-2014-Old) [NLJIET]
15 Explain GOOD or BAD decomposition (May-2012-Old),(Dec-2009-Old) [NLJIET] 4
16 Consider table R(A,B,C,D,E) with FDs as A->B, BC->E and ED-> A. The 7
table is in which normal form? Justify your answer . (May-2013-Old) [NLJIET]
17 What is decomposition? Why is it required? Explain the difference between lossy 7
decomposition and non-loss decomposition with example (May-2014-Old) [NLJIET]
Define decomposition. Give the differences between lossy and lossless decomposition
with suitable example. (Dec-2016-Old) [NLJIET]
18 What is an anomaly in database design? How it can be solved? Explain BCNF with 4
suitable example- (Nov-2013-Old) [NLJIET]

CHAPTER NO- 5: QUERY PROCESSING AND

OPTIMIZATION
TOPIC:1 Evaluation of Relational Algebra Expressions, Query
Equivalence
SHORT QUESTIONS
1 What is called query processing? ) [NLJIET] 1
2 Procedure of choosing a suitable query out of all queries is classified as ___________. 1
[a] query optimization [b] parser optimization [c] processing optimization [d] all of above
[NLJIET]
3 Representation of query in form of data structure is classified as ___________. 1
[a] query graph [b] query tree [c] scanner tree [d] parser tree
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[NLJIET]
4 What are steps involved in query processing? [NLJIET] 1
DESCRIPTIVE QUESTIONS
1 Enlist and explain the basic steps in Query Processing. (Dec-2015-OLD) [NLJIET] 7
Explain steps of query processing with the help of neat diagram. 7
(Jan-2017-OLD) [NLJIET]
Explain Query Processing steps. (June-2017-OLD) [NLJIET] 4
Write a note on query processing with suitable diagram. (Dec 2016-OLD) [NLJIET] 7
Discuss various steps of query processing with proper diagram. (Dec-2018-OLD) (Nov- 7
2017-OLD)[NLJIET]
Explain steps of query processing with the help of neat diagram. (May-2018-OLD) 7
[NLJIET]
Discuss various steps of Query processing with diagram. 7
(Nov-2019-OLD) [NLJIET]
Write short note on query processing. (Mar-2021-NEW) [NLJIET] 7
2 Discuss various steps of query processing with proper diagram. (May-2016-OLD) 7
[NLJIET]
Discuss various steps of query processing with diagram. (Nov-2019-NEW) [NLJIET] 4
Explain query processing. [NLJIET] 4
Explain typical query processing strategy of DBMS? (Oct -2020-NEW) [NLJIET] 7
Explain various steps of query evaluation. 4
(May2011-OLD)( Mar 2010-OLD) (Dec 2009-OLD)(NOV-2013-OLD)[NLJIET]
3 Explain the purpose of sorting with example with reference to query optimization 5
[NLJIET]
4 What are the factors for calculating the query cost? [NLJIET] 4
Explain the steps in query processing? How the cost of query is measured? 7
(Dec-2014-OLD) [NLJIET]
Explain the measures of finding out the cost of a query in query processing. (May-2013- 4
OLD) ( Jun-2019-OLD ) [NLJIET]
List the techniques to obtain the query cost. Explain any one. (Mar-2021-NEW) 7
[NLJIET]
5 In Estimating Statistics of Expression Results, Explain Selection Size Estimation. (June- 3
2017-OLD) [NLJIET]
6 How expressions are evaluated? Explain materialization and pipelining. [NLJIET] 4
7 Explain query evaluation process. (Jun-2019-OLD) [NLJIET] 3
8 Explain linear search and binary search algorithm for selection operation. 5
(Dec 2010-OLD) [NLJIET ]
TOPIC:2 Join Strategies, Query Optimization
DESCRIPTIVE QUESTIONS
1 What is materialized view? Explain Query optimization with materialized view. (June- 4
2017-OLD) [NLJIET]
2 What is query optimization? Explain how to optimize nested sub queries. 7
(Dec-2014-OLD) [NLJIET]
What is Optimization? Give methods of Query Optimization.(May 2011-OLD)( Dec 5
2009-OLD)(Dec 2014 -OLD)(Dec-2014-OLD)[NLJIET]
What is Query Optimization Process? Explain. (Dec-2014-OLD) [NLJIET] 2
3 Explain Heuristics in Optimization. (June-2017-OLD) [NLJIET] 3
4 Explain nested loop join. [NLJIET] 5
Write short on block nested loop join. (Oct 2020-NEW) [NLJIET] 4
5 Explain merge join. [NLJIET] 5
6 Explain the purpose of sorting with example with reference to query optimization. (May 4
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New L J Institute of Engineering and Technology Semester: III (2021)

2012-OLD) ( Jun-2019-OLD) [NLJIET]

CHAPTER NO- 6 : STORAGE STRATEGIES

TOPIC:1 Indices, B-trees, hashing
DESCRIPTIVE QUESTIONS
1 Explain Dense and Sparse indices in detail. (Nov-2019-NEW) [NLJIET] 7
2 Explain hashing. (Oct-2020-NEW) [NLJIET] 3
3 Explain B-trees. (Oct-2020-NEW) [NLJIET] 3
4 Construct a B-tree for the following set of key values: 7
(2,3,5,7,11,17,19,23,29,31)
Assume that the tree is initially empty and values are added in ascending order. Consider
the number of pointers in each node as four. (Nov-2019-NEW) [NLJIET]
5 Explain the use of indexing to store data. [NLJIET] 7
6 Explain the use of B-tress to store data. [NLJIET] 7
7 Explain the use of Hashing to store data. [NLJIET] 7

CHAPTER NO- 7 : TRANSACTION PROCESSING

TOPIC:1Concurrency Control, ACID Properties, Serializability of
Scheduling
1 Define Transaction. (Dec-2015 -OLD)[NLJIET] 1
2 Give name of method to check the conflict serializability. (May-2016-OLD) [NLJIET] 1
3 What is transaction? [NLJIET] 1
4 What are the properties of transaction?[NLJIET] 1
5 What are conflict serializable schedules? [NLJIET] 1
6 What are conflict equivalent schedules?[NLJIET] 1
7 What is view equivalence?[NLJIET] 1
8 What is view serializable?[NLJIET] 1
9 What is serialisability? What is its objective? (June-2017-OLD) [NLJIET] 1
10 DESCRIPTIVE QUESTIONS
11 During its execution, a transaction passes through several states, until it finally 4
commits or aborts. List all possible sequences of states through which a transaction
may pass. Explain why each state transition may occur. (Dec-2015-OLD)[NLJIET]
12 Explain ACID properties of transactions. (Dec-2015-OLD )( May-2016-OLD)[NLJIET] 4
Explain different properties (ACID) of transaction. (Dec. 2011-OLD)( Dec 2010-OLD)( 7
Mar 2010-OLD)( Dec 2009-OLD)( May 2013-OLD)( NOV 2013-OLD)( May 2015-
OLD)( Dec 2014-OLD)( Dec 2015-OLD)( Dec 2016-OLD)( Nov 2019-OLD)( Nov 4
2019-OLD)( (May-2015-OLD)( Dec 2014-OLD)( Dec 2015-OLD) [NLJIET]
List and discuss ACID properties of transaction. (Jan-2017-OLD)(Dec-2018-OLD) . 3
(May-2018-OLD) [NLJIET]
List and explain ACID properties with respect to Database transaction. (Mar 2020-NEW) 7
[NLJIET] 4
Explain the ACID properties using suitable example. (Nov-2017-NEW)[NLJIET] 4
Enlist and explain ACID properties for transaction. (Nov 2019-NEW [NLJIET] 4
Explain ACID Properties of Transaction. (Nov 2019-OLD) [NLJIET] 4
Explain ACID properties of transaction. (May-2016-OLD) [NLJIET]
What is transaction? List and explain ACID property of transaction. (June 2019-OLD)
[NLJIET]
13 Define transaction. Explain various states of transaction with 3
suitable diagram. (May-2016-OLD)[NLJIET]
Draw and explain state diagram of transaction. (Dec-2016-OLD) [NLJIET] 7
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What is a Transaction? Explain the properties of the transaction. Explain

the States of the transaction with a neat sketch. ( Dec 2014-OLD) [NLJIET] 4
Explain different states of transaction.[NLJIET] 4
Define Transaction. List out properties of transaction. Explain two-phase 4
commit protocol. (June-2017-OLD) [NLJIET]
What is Transaction in DBMS? Explain its properties. (Jan 2017-OLD) [NLJIET] 4
What is transaction? Draw and explain life cycle of transaction. (May 2015-OLD) 7
[NLJIET]
Define Transaction. Explain the transaction properties and transaction states. (May 7
2015-OLD) [NLJIET]
List and explain various issues while transactions are running concurrently in DBMS. 7
(May-2015-OLD) [NLJIET]
Define transaction. Explain various states of transaction with suitable diagram. (May- 4
2018-OLD, Dec-2018-OLD)[NLJIET]
14 Write a note on view serializability. (May-2016-OLD)[NLJIET] 4
Explain view serializability. (May 2012-OLD ) (Mar 2010-OLD ) [NLJIET] 3
What is serializability? Explain view serializability with example. (Dec 2014-OLD ) 7
[NLJIET]
15 Explain briefly the meaning of serializability of transactions . [NLJIET] 3
16 Explain conflict serializability. (May 2012-OLD ) (Mar 2010-OLD ) (Dec 2016-OLD ) 3
[NLJIET] 7
Explain conflict serializability.(Nov-2019-OLD) [NLJIET] 7
Write a note on conflict serializability. (May-2018-NEW) [NLJIET] 7
Write a note on conflict serializability. (Dec 2018-OLD)[NLJIET] 4
Explain Conflict serializability. (Nov 2019-OLD) [NLJIET] 3
Explain conflict serializability with the help of suitable example. (Nov 2019-NEW)
[NLJIET] 7
Explain the concept of Conflict Serializable with suitable schedules. (Mar 2020-NEW)
[NLJIET]
17 Explain conflict serializability and view serializability. (May-2014-OLD) (Oct 2020- 7
NEW)[NLJIET]
State differences between conflict serializability and view serializability . (Jan-2017- 4
OLD) [NLJIET]
Explain Serializability with it’s types. [NLJIET] 7
Explain conflict serializability and view serializability with example. (June-2019-OLD) 7
[NLJIET]
18 Define Materialize view, Transaction, Metadata (Nov-2019-OLD) [NLJIET] 3
Explain the Immediate Database modification Log Based Recovery 5
method with an appropriate example. Explain role of check point in Log
base. (Dec-2014-OLD) [NLJIET]
TOPIC:2 Database Recovery
SHORT QUESTIONS
1 What is lock? [NLJIET] 1
2 What are various types of locking techniques?[NLJIET] 1
3 What is binary lock?[NLJIET] 1
4 What is shared lock?[NLJIET] 1
5 What is two phase locking?[NLJIET] 1
DESCRIPTIVE QUESTIONS
1 Explain two phase locking protocol in detail. (Dec-2015-OLD) [NLJIET] 7
What is locking? Explain Two phase locking and its types. (May-2015_OLD) [NLJIET] 7
Write a note on two phase commit protocol. (Jan- 2017-OLD) [NLJIET] 3

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New L J Institute of Engineering and Technology Semester: III (2021)

2 Briefly describe immediate database modification for log based recovery. 7

(May-2016-OLD) [NLJIET]
3 Explain system recovery. [NLJIET] 4
5 Explain two phase commit. [NLJIET] 4
Explain working of two phase commit protocol. (Dec 2015-OLD) [NLJIET] 7
Write short note on 2PC Protocol. (Nov-2019-OLD) [NLJIET] 3
Write a note on two phase commit protocol. (May-2018-OLD)[NLJIET] 3
Write a note on two phase commit protocol. (Dec-2018-OLD)[NLJIET] 3
6 Explain log based recovery and mention both its types. (May 2012-OLD ) (Mar 2010- 7
OLD ) [NLJIET] 7
Explain log-based recovery and shadow paging technique. (May 2015-OLD) [NLJIET] 4
Explain Log based recovery method. (June-2019-OLD) [NLJIET] 4
Describe log-based recovery in brief. (Nov-2019-NEW) [NLJIET] 3
What is log based recovery? Explain Immediate database modification technique
for database recovery. (May-2018- OLD, Dec-2018-OLD) [NLJIET] 4
Explain Log based recovery method. (Jun-2019-OLD) [NLJIET]
7 Define Failure? Explain Log based Recovery. (May-2015-OLD) [NLJIET] 7
Define Failure. Write a note on log based recovery. (Jan-2017-OLD) [NLJIET] 7
8 What is database Recovery? Explain Shadow paging in detail. (June 2017-OLD) 7
[NLJIET]
9 Explain deferred database modification for log based recovery. (Dec 2014-OLD) 7
[NLJIET]
10 Why we need to do recovery in DBMS? Explain various method use for that. 7
(May 2015-OLD) [NLJIET]
11 Explain system recovery procedure with checkpoint record concept. (Jun-2019-OLD) 4
[NLJIET]
12 List and explain types of locks in transactions. (Mar 2020-NEW) [NLJIET] 3
TOPIC:3 Locking and timestamp based schedulers, Multi-version and
optimistic Concurrency Control schemes
SHORT QUESTIONS
1 What do you mean by concurrent execution of transaction? (May-2016-OLD) .[NLJIET] 1
2 What is durability in DBMS? [NLJIET] 1
3 What is recovery management component? [NLJIET] 1
4 Give the reason for allowing concurrency? [NLJIET] 1
5 Locking can not be used for __________. 1
[a] deadlock
[b] lost update
[c] uncommitted dependency
[d] inconsistent data
[NLJIET]
6 ___________ will undo all statements up to commit. 1
[a]transaction
[b] flashback
[c] Rollback
[d] Abort
[NLJIET]
7 What is locking? Define each types of locking. (June-2017-OLD) [NLJIET] 1
8 What is deadlock? [NLJIET] 1
9 Define phases of two phase locking protocol.[NLJIET] 1
10 What is Phantom Deadlock?[NLJIET] 1
11 What is checkpoint and when it occurs?[NLJIET] 1
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12 What are two methods for dealing deadlock problem .[NLJIET] 1

13 Define wait-Die & wound-wait. (June-2017-OLD) (Nov 2019-OLD) [NLJIET] 1
DESCRIPTIVE QUESTIONS
1 Explain the dirty read problem. (Dec-2015-OLD) [NLJIET] 3
2 Write differences between shared lock and exclusive lock. (May-2016-OLD, Dec 2018- 3
OLD) [NLJIET]
3 Explain deferred database modification, immediate database modification 5
(Dec-2014-OLD) .[NLJIET]
4 Explain checkpoint method for transaction recovery. (May 2011-OLD ) (Mar 2010-OLD 7
) [NLJIET]
5 What is concurrent execution? Explain its advantages and disadvantages.[NLJIET] 7
What is concurrency? Explain three concurrency problems with example. (May 2011- 7
OLD ) [NLJIET] 7
What is concurrency? If not controlled where it can lead to? What are the methods to
control concurrency? [NLJIET] 7
What is concurrency? Explain concurrency control techniques. (June 2017-OLD)
[NLJIET] 7
Explain Concurrency control Methods in DBMS. (Jan-2017-OLD) [NLJIET]
Explain three concurrency problem. How does the strict two-phase locking 7
protocol solve three problems of concurrency? explain with example. (June-2017-OLD)
[NLJIET]
6 Explain various types of LOCKs used in Lock base protocol for concurrency control. 3
(Nov-2017-OLD)[NLJIET]
Explain Lock-Based Protocols. (Dec-2015-OLD) [NLJIET] 7
What is need of lock in DBMS? Explain shared lock and exclusive lock with the help 7
of example. (May 2015-OLD) [NLJIET]
7 Write differences between shared lock and exclusive lock. (May-2018- OLD, Dec-2018- 3
OLD)[NLJIET]
8 Explain deadlock with example. (Dec-2015-OLD) [NLJIET] 3
Explain deadlock with suitable scheduling examples. (Mar 2020-NEW) [NLJIET] 7
What is deadlock? What are the ways to prevent deadlock? (Dec 2015-OLD) [NLJIET] 7
Explain deadlock with suitable example. (Nov-2017-NEW)[NLJIET] 4
What is deadlock of transaction? Explain wound wait technique for prevention of 3
deadlock. (May-2018- OLD ) (Dec-2018-OLD) [NLJIET]
9 Write a note on two phase locking protocol. (May-2016-OLD) [NLJIET] 3
Write a note on two phase locking protocol. (May-2018- OLD ) (Dec-2018- OLD) (Nov- 4
2019- OLD) [NLJIET]
Explain two phase locking protocol in detail. (June-2017-OLD)[NLJIET] 7
Write a note on two phase locking protocol. (Nov 2019-NEW)[NLJIET] 4
Explain two phase locking. (Dec 2014-OLD)[NLJIET] 5
Explain Two phase locking protocol. (Nov_2017-NEW)[NLJIET] 7
10 Explain shadow paging . (Dec 2009-OLD) [NLJIET] 4
11 Explain lock based protocol and two phase locking protocol.(Dec. 2011- OLD ) 5
(May2011- OLD ) ( Mar 2010- OLD ) ( Dec 2009- OLD ) (Nov-2013- OLD )
[NLJIET]
12 What is strict two phase locking and rigorous two phase locking? [NLJIET] 7
13 What is deadlock? Explain deadlock handling. [NLJIET] 5
Explain deadlock prevention, deadlock detection and recovery. (Dec. 2011- OLD ) 7
(May2011- OLD ) ( Mar 2010- OLD ) ( Dec 2009- OLD ) (Nov-2013- OLD ) (May 7
2014- OLD ) [NLJIET]
What is deadlock? Explain necessary conditions for deadlock and methods for handling it. 4

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New L J Institute of Engineering and Technology Semester: III (2021)

(May-2015-OLD ). [NLJIET]
What is deadlock? Illustrate the same using the Wait-For-Graph. (Dec-2014-OLD)
[NLJIET]
14 What is System Recovery? Explain Two phase commit protocol. . (Jan 2017-OLD) 7
[NLJIET]
15 Explain wait-die and wound-wait for deadlock prevention. (Dec 2014-OLD)[NLJIET] 7
16 Explain three type of actions to be taken for recovery from deadlock. . 4
(Dec 2014-OLD) [NLJIET]
17 What is recoverable schedule? Why is recoverability of schedules desirable? Are there any 7
circumstances under which it would be desirable to allow non-recoverable schedules?
Explain your answer. (Jun-2019-OLD) [NLJIET]
18 Explain time stamp based protocols in detail. (Dec-2014-OLD) [NLJIET] 7

CHAPTER NO- 8 : DATABASE SECURITY

TOPIC:1 Authentication, Authorization and access control
SHORT QUESTIONS
1 What are threats to database? .[NLJIET] 1
2 What is the responsibility of database security and authorization subsystem? .[NLJIET] 1
3 What is Access Control? .[NLJIET] 1
4 List Different types of database security mechanism.[NLJIET] 1
5 Explain purpose and scope of database security .[NLJIET] 1
6 _________ is responsible for overall database security 1
[a] DBA [b] DA [c] Programmer [D] Tester .[NLJIET]
DESCRIPTIVE QUESTIONS
1 What is difference between authorization and authentication? Explain the use 3
of audit trail. (June-2017-OLD) [NLJIET]
2 What is the difference between data security and data integrity? (June-2019-OLD) 3
[NLJIET]
3 Explain Authorization and access control in brief. (Nov-2019-NEW) [NLJIET] 3
4 What do you mean by security? What the objective while designing secure database? 3
(May-2012-OLD) [NLJIET]
TOPIC: 2 DAC, MAC and RBAC models, Intrusion detection, SQL
injection.
SHORT QUESTIONS
1 What is discretionary access control? [LJIET] 1
2 What is mandatory access control? [LJIET] 1
3 Differentiate between DAC and MAC. [LJIET] 1
DESCRIPTIVE QUESTIONS
1 Explain discretionary access control and mandatory access control system. 7
(May-2011-OLD) (Dec-2010-OLD) (Dec-2009-OLD) (May-2013-OLD) (Dec-2014-
OLD)[NLJIET] 3
Explain the differences between Discretionary access control and mandatory access
control. (Dec-2014-OLD) [NLJIET] 4
Compare Discretionary access control and Mandatory Access Control. (Nov-2019-OLD)
[NLJIET]
2 What is security of data? Illustrate Data encryption with an appropriate example. (Dec- 3
2014-OLD) [NLJIET]
3 Write & explain two rules in the Bell-LaPadula model for mandatory access control. 3
(June-2017-OLD) [NLJIET]
4 Write a short note on SQL injection. (Oct-2020-NEW) [NLJIET] 7
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New L J Institute of Engineering and Technology Semester: III (2021)

What is SQL injection? Explain. [NLJIET] 3

5 Write a short note on intrusion detection. (Oct-2020-NEW) [NLJIET] 7
6 Write a short note on RBAC. [NLJIET] 5

CHAPTER NO- 9 : SQL CONCEPTS

TOPIC:1 SQL Concepts
SHORT QUESTIONS
1 ___________ can be used to retrieve data from multiple tables. 1
A. Embedded SQL. B. Dynamic SQL. C. Joins. D. Views.
(Dec-2015-Old) [NLJIET]
2 SQL belongs to the category of ___________. 1
A. 2GL. B. 3GL. C. 4GL. D. 5GL.
(Dec-2015-Old) [NLJIET]
3 To modify the students table and to add a primary key on the student_id Column, Which 1
statement must be used to accomplishes this task? Note: The table is currently empty
A. Alter table students add primary key student_id;
B. Alter table students add constraint primary key (student_id);
C. Alter table students add constraint stud_id_pk primary key student_id;
D. Alter table students add constraint stud_id_pk primary key (student_id);
(Dec-2015-Old) [NLJIET]
4 Which clause should be used to exclude group results? 1
A. WHERE. B. HAVING. C. RESTRICT. D. GROUP BY.
(Dec-2015-Old) [NLJIET]
5 New fields can be added to the created table by using ________ command. 1
A. ALTER. B. SELECT. C. CREATE. D. UPDATE.
(Dec-2015-Old) [NLJIET]
6 For which action the TO_DATE function can be used? 1
A. To convert any date literal to a date.
B. To convert any numeric literal to a date.
C. To convert any character literal to a date.
D. To convert any date to a character literal.
(Dec-2015-Old) [NLJIET]
7 Which command is used to change the name of table? (May-2016-Old) [NLJIET] 1
8 Give full form of SQL and DCL. (May-2016-Old) [NLJIET] 1
9 Write functionality of DESC command in SQL. (May-2016-Old) [NLJIET] 1
10 What is query? [NLJIET] 1
11 What is correlated subquery?[NLJIET] 1
12 Define SQL.[NLJIET] 1
13 What are the three classes of SQL expression?[NLJIET] 1
14 List out the set operation of SQL[NLJIET] 1
15 Define tuple variable[NLJIET] 1
16 ____________ SQL command is used to change or modify data 1
values in the table. . (Jan-2017-Old) [NLJIET]
17 The _________ function converts a value of DATE data type to 1
CHAR date value. . (Jan-2017-Old) [NLJIET]
18 State True or False: SELECT DISTINCT statement is used to return only distinct values. 1
(Jan-2017-Old) [NLJIET]
19 New column can be added to the existing table using ___________ SQL command. (Jan- 1
2017-Old) [NLJIET]
20 _______________________________ is a full form of SQL. . (Jan-2017-Old) [NLJIET] 1

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New L J Institute of Engineering and Technology Semester: III (2021)

21 The ____________ operator is used to select values within a range. . (Jan-2017-Old) 1

[NLJIET]
22 What will be the output of following SQL statement? select 1
substr(‘123456789’,instr(‘abcabcabc’,’b’), 4) from dual; A. 6789 B. 2345 C. 56789
D. 456789 (June-2017-Old) [NLJIET]
23 TO_CHAR function is used 1
A. To convert any character literal to character datatype B. To convert ascii to character
datatype C. To convert date and number datatype to character datatype D. Both (A) and
(B) (June-2017-Old) [NLJIET]
24 What is Index? List type of index and write syntax to create an index. 1
(June-2017-Old) [NLJIET]
25 Define Constraint. List out constraints. (June-2017-Old) (June-2019-Old) [NLJIET] 1

DESCRIPTIVE QUESTIONS
1 What is a view? Explain the syntax. Explain the different types of views.(Dec-2014-OLD) 7
[NLJIET]
What is a view? Explain how to create, its types and significance in DBMS. 7
(May-2015-OLD) [NLJIET]
Define view. What are the types of view? Write syntax to create view of each type. Give 3
an example of view. (June-2017-Old) [NLJIET]
Define view. Write syntax to create view of each type. Give an example of view 3
(May-2018-Old) [NLJIET]
Define View. Explain with appropriate example. (Nov-2017-Old)[NLJIET] 4
2 What is a constraint in database? Explain types of constraints with a suitable example. 4
(Dec-2014-OLD) [NLJIET]
3 What is a Join? Explain different types of outer join with appropriate example (Dec-2014- 5
OLD) [NLJIET]
4 Explain all types of Joins with commands and examples. (May-2015-OLD) 7
Define Join. Explain all Joins with examples (Nov-2019-Old) [NLJIET] 7
What is join? List and explain various types of joins. . (Jan-2017-Old) [NLJIET] 3
5 Differentiate Between: (1) update and insert (2) primary key and foreign key (3) grant and 7
revoke (4) row and column (May-2015-OLD) [NLJIET]
6 Explain following terms with suitable example. (1) Primary Key (2) Candidate Key (3) 4
Foreign Key (4) Check Constraint (Dec-2015-OLD) [NLJIET]
Explain the difference between: Define Primary key and foreign key and not null (Jan- 3
2017-Old) [NLJIET]
define Primary key, candidate key, super key (Nov-2017-Old) [NLJIET] 3
Define primary key, foreign key NOT NULL )(May-2018-Old) [NLJIET] 4
7 Explain DDL statements. (Dec-2014-OLD) [NLJIET] 2
8 Explain any three Aggregate functions and Scalar functions with examples. (May-2015- 7
OLD) [NLJIET]
Discuss aggregate functions with example(s) (May-2016-OLD)[NLJIET] 3
List and explain aggregation functions with suitable examples (Jan-2017-Old) (May- 4
2018-Old) (Dec-2018-Old) [NLJIET]
Explain Aggregate Functions of SQL with suitable example. (Nov-2017-Old) [NLJIET] 7
Explain Aggregate functions with example (Nov-2019-Old) [NLJIET] 7
9 Describe GRANT and REVOKE commands (May-2016-OLD) (May-2018-Old)(Dec- 3
2018-Old) [NLJIET]

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New L J Institute of Engineering and Technology Semester: III (2021)

Write differences between grant and revoke commands with suitable example. (Jan-2017- 4
Old) [NLJIET]
Differentiate Grant and Revoke with example (Nov-2019-Old) [NLJIET] 4
Describe GRANT and REVOKE commands with suitable examples (Nov-2017-Old)
4
[NLJIET]
Explain following SQL commands with syntax and significance. Grant & Revoke (Mar-
2021-New) [NLJIET] 3
10 State the differences between COMMIT and ROLLBACK commands. (May-2016-Old) 3
[NLJIET]
Compare rollback with commit SQL commands. (Jan-2017-Old) (May-2018-Old) 4
[NLJIET]
Explain commit, rollback and savepoint command. (June-2019-Old) [NLJIET] 3
Define commit, rollback and save point (Nov-2019-Old) [NLJIET] 3
Explain following SQL commands with syntax and significance. Commit and Rollback 3
(Mar-2021-New) [NLJIET
Explain the Rollback and Commit commands (Dec-2014-OLD) [NLJIET] 2
11 List and explain DML statements with suitable example.(Jan-2017-Old) (May-2018-Old) 3
[NLJIET]
12 List reasons why null values might be introduced into the database 3
(Nov-2017-Old)[NLJIET]
List the reason why NULL values introduces might be introduces in database. (Dec-2018- 4
Old) [NLJIET]
13 Describe the following SQL functions: (i) Add_months(x,y) (ii) Rtrim() (iii) To_date 3
(June-2019-Old) [NLJIET]
14 What is ON DELETE CASCADE in SQL? Explain clearly with example (June-2019- 3
Old)[NLJIET]
15 Describe sub query and Correlated sub query. (Nov-2019-Old) [NLJIET] 3
16 Define Encryption, DCL and DML. (Nov-2019-Old) [NLJIET] 3
17 Explain Order by & Group by Clause [NLJIET] 3
18 Explain i) Aggregate functions (May-2013-Old) (Dec-2018-Old) [NLJIET] 3
ii) String functions (May-2011-Old)(Dec-2010-Old) (May-2013-Old)) [NLJIET] 3
iii) Date functions 3
iv) View (May-2012-Old) (May-2013-Old) [NLJIET] 3
19 Explain Transaction Control Commands [NLJIET] 3
20 Explain Aggregate , Date and string functions with example (May-2014-old) ,(May 2015- 7
Old) [NLJIET]
21 What is a view? What are its types? Write the syntax for creating a view, 7
(May-2013-Old) (May-2015-Old) (Dec-2014-Old) [NLJIET]
22 Explain Concept of Join. Explain Types of Join with Example.(Dec-2011-Old)(May- 5,7
2012-Old)(Dec-2010-Old)(Nov-2013-Old)(Dec-2014-Old) [NLJIET]
23 Explain different types of outer join with example (May-2014-Old) [NLJIET]
24 Explain commit and rollback command (Dec-2011-Old) (Dec-2009-Old) (Dec-2014-Old) 4
[NLJIET]
Explain commit and rollback commands with suitable example. 7
(Dec-2016_Old) [NLJIET]
25 Explain following SQL*Plus commands with suitable example Commit, Rollback, Grant, 7
Revoke (Nov-2013-Old) [NLJIET]
26 Explain Transaction Control Commands. (May-2012-Old)(May-2011-Old) [NLJIET] 3
TOPIC:2 Practical Questions
DESCRIPTIVE QUESTIONS

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New L J Institute of Engineering and Technology Semester: III (2021)

1 Write queries for the following tables: 7

T1 ( Empno, Ename , Salary, Designation)
T2 (Empno, Deptno.)
(1) Display all the details of the employee whose salary is lesser than 10K.
(2) Display the Deptno in which Employee Seeta is working.
(3) Add a new column Deptname in table T2.
(4) Change the designation of Geeta from ‘Manager’ to ‘Senior Manager’.
(5) Find the total salary of all the employees.
(6) Display Empno, Ename, Deptno and Deptname.
(7) Drop the table T1 . (Dec-2014-OLD) [NLJIET]
2 Write query for the following: (1) To create a table from a table. (2) To eliminate 7
duplicate rows. (3) To add a new column in the table (4) To sort data in a table (May-
2015-OLD) [NLJIET]
3 We have following relations: 7
EMP(empno, ename, jobtitle, managerno, hiredate, sal, comm, deptno) DEPT(deptno,
dname, loc)
Answer the following queries in SQL
i) Find the Employees working in the department 10, 20, 30 only.
ii) Find Employees whose names start with letter A or letter a.
iii) Find Employees along with their department name.
iv)Insert data in EMP table.
v) Find the Employees who are working in Smith's department
vi) Update Department name of Department No=10
vii)Display employees who are getting maximum salary in each department (Dec-2015-
OLD) [NLJIET]
4 Enlist SQL commands for DML. 7
Consider following relations and write SQL queries for given statements. Assume suitable
constrains.
job(job-id, job-title, minimum-salary, maximum-salary)
employee(emp-no, emp-name, emp-salary,dept-no)
deposit(acc-no, cust-name, branch-name, amount, account-date) borrow(loan-no, cust-
name, branch-name, amount)
department (dept-no, dept-name)
1. Give name of depositors whose branch name starts from ‘D’.
2. Give employee name(s) whose salary is between Rs. 20000 to 30000 and department
name is Finance.
3. Delete borrower details whose amount is less than 25000 (May-2016-OLD) [NLJIET]
5 Write SQL statements (Query) for following tables: 7
T1(rollno, stuname, age, city, branchcode)
T2(branchcode, branchname)
1. Retrieve students details whose branchcode is 5.
2. Find an average age of all students.
3. Add new branch in T2 table.
4. Display rollno, stuname and age of students whose city is Chennai.
5. Change age of student to 20 whose rollno is 1.
6. Delete student details whose age is 18.
7. Retrieve branch information in descending order. (Jan-2017-Old) [NLJIET]
6 Consider the following Hotel database, primary keys are underlined : 7
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New L J Institute of Engineering and Technology Semester: III (2021)

hotel (hotel-no, name, address)

room (room-no, hotel-no, type, price)
booking (hotel-no, guest-no, , date-to, room-no)
guest (guest-no, name, address)

Give an expression in SQL for each of the following queries:

1. List the names and addresses of all guests in London, alphabetically ordered by name.
2. List out hotel name and total number of rooms available.
3. List the details of all rooms at the Grosvenor Hotel, including the name of the guest
staying in the room, if the room is occupied.
4. List all guests currently staying at the Grosvenor Hotel.
5. List the rooms that are currently unoccupied at the Grosvenor Hotel.
6. List the number of rooms in each hotel in London.
7. List out all guests who have booked room for three or more days.
(June-2017-Old) [NLJIET]
7 Consider following schema and write SQL for given statements. 7
employee (employee-name, street, city)
works (employee-name, company-name, salary)
company (company-name, city)
manages (employee-name, manager_name)

1. Find the names of all employees who work for First Bank Corporation.
2. Give all employees of First Bank Corporation a 10-percent raise.
3. Find the names and cities of residence of all employees who work for First Bank
Corporation.
4. Find the names, street addresses, and cities of residence of all employees who work for
First Bank Corporation and earn more than $10,000.
5. Find all employees in the database who live in the same cities as the companies for
which they work.
6. Find all employees in the database who do not work for First Bank Corporation.
(Dec-2018-Old) [NLJIET]

Consider the following employee database, primary keys are underlined.

employee (employee-name, street, city)
works (employee-name, company-name, salary)
company (company-name, city)
manages (employee-name, manager_name)
1. Find the names of all employees who work for First Bank Corporation.
2. Give all employees of First Bank Corporation a 10-percent raise.
3. Find the names and cities of residence of all employees who work for First Bank
Corporation.
4. Find the names, street addresses, and cities of residence of all employees who work for
First Bank Corporation and earn more than $10,000.
5. Find all employees in the database who live in the same cities as the companies for
which they work.
6. Find all employees in the database who do not work for First Bank Corporation.
7.Find the company and number of employees in company that has more than 30
employees. (June-2017-Old)[NLJIET]
8 Consider following relations and write SQL queries for given statements. 7
Assume suitable constrains.
Instructor(ID, Name, Dept_name , Salary)
Teaches(ID, Course_id, Sec_id, Semester(even/odd),Year)
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New L J Institute of Engineering and Technology Semester: III (2021)

1) Write SQL query to create Instructor table.

2) Find the average salary of the instructors in computer department.
3) Find the number of instructors in each department who teach a course in even semester
of 2016.
4) Find the names of instructor with salary amounts between 30000 and 50000.
(Nov-2017-Old)[NLJIET]
9 Consider following schema and write SQL for given statements. 7
Client_master(clientno, name, address, city, pincode, state, baldue)
Product_master(productno, name, profitpercent, unitmeasure, sellprice, costprice)
Salesman_master(Salesmanno,name,address,city,pincode,state,salary,tgtotget,
remarks)

1) Find out the names of all clients.

2) List all the clients who are located in Mumbai.
3) Delete all salesmen from salesman_master whose salaries are equal to Rs.3500.
4) Destroy the table client_master along with data.
5) List the name of all clients having ‘a’ as the second letter in their names.
6) Count the number of products having cost price is less than or equal to 500.
7) Calculate the average, minimum and maximum sell price of product.
(May-2018-Old)[NLJIET]
10 Consider the following relations: 7
EMP(empno, ename, jobtitle, managerno, hiredate, sal, commission, deptno)
DEPT(deptno, dname, location)
Answer the following queries in SQL and Give an expression in the relational algebra to
express each of the following queries.
a. Find the Employees working in the department number10, 20, 30 only.
b. Find Employees whose names start with letter A or letter a.
c. Find Employees along with their department name.
d. Find the Employees who are working in Smith's department
e. Find the Employees who get salary more than Allen’s salary.
f. Display employees who are getting maximum salary in each department.
g. Find list of employees whose hire date is on or before 1-April-18 (June-2019-Old)
[NLJIET]
11 Write SQL statements (Query) for following tables: 7
E1 (eno,ename,age,city,bcode)
E2 (bcode, bname)
1. Display employees’ details whose branch code is between 1 to 5.
2. Find an average age of all employees whose branch code is 3.
3. Retrieve branch information in descending order.
4. Add new branch in E2 table.
5. Display eno, ename and age of employees whose city is Ahmedabad.
6. Delete employee details whose age is 29.
7. Change age of employee to 25 whose employee no is 6. (Nov-2019-Old) [NLJIET]
12 Consider following schema and write SQL for given statements 7
Student (RollNo, Name, DeptCode, City)
Department (DeptCode, DeptName)
Result (RollNo, Semester, SPI)
1. Display the name of students with RollNo whose name ends with ‘sh’.
2. Display department wise total students whose total students are greater than 500.
3. List out the RollNo, Name along with CPI of Student.
4. Create RollNo field as primary key for existing Student table.
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New L J Institute of Engineering and Technology Semester: III (2021)

5. Display student name who got highest SPI in semester 1.

6. Display the list of students whose DeptCode is 5, 6,7,10.
7. Create table Student_New from student table without data. (Nov-2019-New)[NLJIET]
13 Consider the tables given below. Write the SQL queries for the questions given below: 7
T1 ( Empno, Ename , Salary, Designation,)
T2 (Empno, Deptno.)

(1) Display all the details of the employee whose salary is lesser than 10000.
(2) Display the Deptno in which Employees with name starting with letter ‘S’ is working.
(3) Add a new column Deptname in table T2.
(4) Change the designation of Geeta from ‘Manager’ to ‘Senior Manager’.
(5) Find the total salary of all the employees department wise.
(6) Add Empno as primary key in existing table T1.
(7) Display the Deptno having highest number of employees. (Nov-2019-New)[NLJIET]
14 Consider the following relational schemas: 7
EMPLOYEE (EMPLOYEE_NAME, STREET, CITY)
WORKS (EMPLOYEE_NAME, COMPANYNAME, SALARY)
COMPANY (COMPANY_NAME, CITY)
Give an expression in SQL for each of queries below::
(1) Specify the table definitions in SQL.
(2) Find the names of all employees who work for first Bank Corporation.
(3) Find the names and company names of all employees sorted in ascending order of
company name and descending order of employee names of that company.
(4) Change the city of First Bank Corporation to ‘New Delhi’(Oct-2020-New) [NLJIET]
15 Given the following relations 7
TRAIN (NAME, START, DEST)
TICKET (PNRNO., START, DEST, FARE)
PASSENGER (NAME, ADDRESS, PNRNO.)
Write SQL expressions for the following queries: Note: Assume NAME of Train is a
column of Ticket.
(1) List the names of passengers who are travelling from the start to the destination station
of the train.
(2) List the names of passengers who have a return journey ticket.
(3) Insert a new Shatabti train from Delhi to Bangalore.
(4) Cancel the ticket of Tintin (Oct-2020-New) [NLJIET]
16 TABLE Worker(WORKER_ID INT NOT NULL PRIMARY KEY,FIRST_NAME 4
CHAR(25), LAST_NAME CHAR(25),SALARY INT(15),JOINING_DATE
DATETIME,DEPARTMENT CHAR(25));

TABLE Bonus(WORKER_REF_ID INT,BONUS_AMOUNT INT(10),BONUS_DATE

DATETIME,FOREIGN KEY (WORKER_REF_ID),REFERENCES
Worker(WORKER_ID));

TABLE Title(WORKER_REF_ID INT,WORKER_TITLE

CHAR(25),AFFECTED_FROM DATETIME,FOREIGN KEY
(WORKER_REF_ID)REFERENCES Worker(WORKER_ID));

Consider above 3 tables ,assume appropriate data and solve following SQL queries
1. Find out unique values of DEPARTMENT from Worker table
2. Print details of the Workers whose SALARY lies between 100000 and 500000.
3. Print details of the Workers who have joined in Feb’2014.
4. Fetch worker names with salaries >= 50000 and <= 100000. )(Mar-2021-
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New L J Institute of Engineering and Technology Semester: III (2021)

New).[NLJIET]
17 TABLE Worker(WORKER_ID INT NOT NULL PRIMARY KEY,FIRST_NAME 4
CHAR(25), LAST_NAME CHAR(25),SALARY INT(15),JOINING_DATE
DATETIME,DEPARTMENT CHAR(25));

TABLE Bonus(WORKER_REF_ID INT,BONUS_AMOUNT INT(10),BONUS_DATE

DATETIME,FOREIGN KEY (WORKER_REF_ID),REFERENCES
Worker(WORKER_ID));

TABLE Title(WORKER_REF_ID INT,WORKER_TITLE CHAR(25),

AFFECTED_FROM DATETIME,FOREIGN KEY (WORKER_REF_ID)REFERENCES
Worker(WORKER_ID));
Consider above 3 tables ,assume appropriate data and solve following SQL queries
1. Print details of the Workers who are also Managers.
2. SQL query to clone a new table from another table.
3. Fetch the list of employees with the same salary.
4. Fetch “FIRST_NAME” from Worker table in upper case. (Mar-2021-New).[NLJIET]
18 Consider following schema and write SQL for given statements 7
Student(RollNo, Name, Age, Sex, City)
Student_marks(RollNo, Sub1, Sub2,Sub3,Total,Average Write query to
(i) Display name and city of students whose total marks are greater than 225.
(ii) Display name of students who got more than 60 marks in each subject.
(iii) Display name of city from where more than 10 students come from.
(iv) Display a unique pair of male and female students. (May-2013-Old)[NLJIET]
19 For Supplier – Parts database 7
Supplier(S#,sname,status,city)
Parts(P#,pname,color,weight,city)
SP(S#,P#,quantity)
Answer the following queries in SQL.
1. Display the name of supplier who lives in ‘Ahmedabad’.
2. Display the part name which is not supplied yet.
3. Count how many times supplier ‘S1’ has supplied part ‘P1’.
4. Find all suppliers whose status is either 20 or 30 [NLJIET]
20 For Supplier – Parts database 7
Supplier(S#,sname,status,city)
Parts(P#,pname,color,weight,city)
SP(S#,P# ,quantity)
Answer the following queries in SQL.
1. Find the name of part having ‘Red’ colour.
2. Delete parts whose weight is more than 100 gram.
3. Count how many times each supplier has supplied part ‘P2’.
4. How much time shipment is for more than 100 quantities(Nov-2013-Old) [NLJIET]
21 Write query for the following. 7
(1) Create a table from at table.
(2) To join two existing tables.
(3) To view system date.
(4) To drop a view (June-2017-Old)[NLJIET]
22 Write SQL Queries for following set of tables: 7
EMPLOYEE (EmpNo, Name, DoB, Address, Gender, Salary, DNumber)
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New L J Institute of Engineering and Technology Semester: III (2021)

DEPARTMENT (DNumber, Dname, ManagerEmpNo, MnagerStartDate).

1. Display the Age of ‘male’ employees.

2. Display all employees in Department named ‘Marketing’.
3. Display the name of highest salary paid ‘female’ employee.
4. Which employee is oldest manger in company?
5. Display the name of department of the employee ‘SMITH’(Jan-2017-Old)[ [NLJIET]
23 Solve following queries with following table, where underlined attribute is 7
primary key.
Person(ss#, name, address)
Car(license, year, model)
Accident(date, driver, damage-amount)
Owns(ss#, license)
Log(license, date, driver)
1. Find the name of a person whose license number is ‘12345’.
2. Display name of driver with number of accidents done by that driver.
3. Add a new accident by ‘Ravi’ for ‘BMW’ car on 01/01/2013 for damage amount of 1.5
lakh rupees. (Nov-2013-Old)[NLJIET]
24 For Supplier – Parts database 7
Supplier(S#,sname,status,city)
Parts(P#,pname,color,weight,city)
SP(S#,P# ,quantity)
Answer the following queries in SQL.
1. Find the name of part having ‘Red’ colour.
2. Delete parts whose weight is more than 100 gram.
3. Count how many times each supplier has supplied part ‘P2’.
4. How much time shipment is for more than 100 quantities (Nov-2013-Old)[NLJIET]
25 we have following relations: 7
Vender(V#,vname,status,city) [ Note : Status can have two values :
Active,Passive],
Parts(P#,pname,code,weight,city),VP(V#,P#,quantity)

Answer the following queries in SQL.

A. Find name of Vender for city = ‘Ahmedabad’.
B. Find Venders whose name start with ‘D’
C. Find all Venders whose status is “Active”.
D. Find total number of city of all Venders.
E. Find V# of Venders who supplies ‘code = AXR123’ part.
F. Count number of Venders who supplies ‘red’ parts.
G. Sort the parts table by pname in ascending order. (Dec-2015_Old) [NLJIET]
26 Consider following given relations. Assume suitable primary keys for given relations. 7
job(job-id, job-title, minimum-salary, maximum-salary)
employee(emp-no, emp-name, emp-salary,dept-no)
deposit(acc-no, cust-name, branch-name, amount, account-date)
borrow(loan-no, cust-name, branch-name, amount)
Write SQL queries for following given statements.

1. Retrieve name of employee whose salary is between 10000 to 25000.

2. List total deposit amount of customer who belongs to ‘Bangalore’ branch.
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New L J Institute of Engineering and Technology Semester: III (2021)

3. Retrieve details of employee whose name begins with ‘R’.

4. Modify employee name whose employee no. is 101.
5. Display distinct customer name whose loan number is greater than 5.
6. Insert new record of employee.
7. Change the name of borrow table to new-borrow table. (Dec-2016_old) [NLJIET]

CHAPTER NO- 10 : PL/SQL CONCEPTS

TOPIC:1 Cursors , Stored Procedures , Stored Functions , Database
Triggers
SHORT QUESTIONS
1 Define cursor. [NLJIET] 1
2 Give difference between stored procedure and function. [NLJIET] 1
DESCRIPTIVE QUESTIONS
1 Explain PL/SQL block structure. [NLJIET] 3
2 Explain advantages of PL/SQL over SQL (May-2012-NLJIET) [NLJIET] 4
3 What is non-procedural Language? Write a PL/SQL block to print the square of 7
number from 1 to 10 (Inclusive). [NLJIET]
4 Write a PL/SQL block to print the sum of even numbers from 1 to 100. (Dec-2014-OLD 7
) (Jan-2017-OLD) [NLJIET]
Define PL/SQL. Write PL/SQL block to print sum of even numbers between 1 to 20. 7
(May-2016-OLD) [NLJIET]
Write a PL/SQL block to print the sum of even numbers from 1 to 50. (Oct-2020-NEW) 4
[NLJIET]
5 Write a PL/SQL block to print the sum of odd numbers from 1 to 100. (Dec-2014-OLD) 7
[NLJIET]
6 Write a PL/SQL program for inserting even numbers in EVEN table and odd numbers in 7
ODD table from number 1 to 50. (Nov-2017-OLD) [NLJIET]
7 Write a PL/SQL block to print the sum of Numbers from 1 to 100. (June-2019-OLD) 3
[NLJIET]
8 Write a PL/SQL block to print the given number is prime or not. (June-2019-OLD) 3
[NLJIET]
9 Write PL/SQL block to print whether the given number is Armstrong 7
number or not. (Nov-2019-OLD) [NLJIET]
10 What is PL/SQL? Explain the difference between SQL and PL/SQL. (Nov-2019-NEW) 3
[NLJIET]
11 Write a PL/SQL block to print the given number is odd or even. (Oct-2020-NEW) 4
[NLJIET]
12 Write a PL/SQL cursor to display the names and branch of all students from the 4
STUDENT relation. (Dec-2015-OLD) [NLJIET]
13 Define cursor. Briefly describe types of cursor in PL/SQL. (May-2016-OLD) [NLJIET] 4
Discuss various types of cursors in PL/SQL. (Jan-2017-OLD) [NLJIET] 3
Explain cursor in PL/SQL. (Nov-2017-OLD) [NLJIET] 3
Write short note on Cursor. (Nov-2019-OLD) [NLJIET] 3
Explain cursor and its types. (Oct-2020-NEW) [NLJIET] 3
What is Cursor? Explain with example 3
(Dec-2011-OLD) (May-2012-OLD) (May-2011-OLD) (Dec-2010-OLD) (Dec-2009-
OLD) (May-2013-OLD) (Nov-2013-OLD) (Nov 2019) [NLJIET]
14 Write a PL/SQL block using explicit cursor that will display the customer name, the fixed 4
deposit number and the fixed deposit amount of the first 5 customers holding the highest
amount in fixed deposits.
Use following database:
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New L J Institute of Engineering and Technology Semester: III (2021)

cust_mstr ( custno, name, occupation)

fd_dtls ( fd_ser_no, fd_no, type, period, opndt, duedt, amt, dueamt)
acct_fd_cust_dtls ( acct_fd_no, custno) (June-2017-OLD) [NLJIET]
15 Write a note on stored procedure with suitable example. (May-2016-OLD) [NLJIET] 7
Explain stored procedure with proper example. (Jan-2017-OLD) (May-2018-OLD) (Dec- 7
2018-OLD) [NLJIET]
Write short note on stored Procedure with example. (Nov-2019-OLD) [NLJIET] 4
Explain Stored Procedure in PL/SQL (May-2012-OLD) (Dec-2009-OLD) [NLJIET] 4
16 What is Stored Procedure in PL/SQL? Write a Stored procedure to Insert Data in 7
Student_Detail [Student_id,Name,Age,Class] table.[NLJIET]
17 A stored function is created to perform the acct_no check operation. f_ChkAcctNo() is the 4
name of function which accepts a variable acct_no from the user and returns value 0 if
acct_no does not exist or 1 if acct_no exists. Write a PL/SQL block that performs
transaction(i.e., deposit/withdrawal) on account. If account exists, change balance
depending on the transaction amount to be deposited or withdrawal. Assume account table
with fields – account number, name, type and balance.(June-2017-OLD) [NLJIET]
18 What are triggers? Explain the advantages and the needs. (Dec-2014-OLD) (June-2017- 7
OLD) [NLJIET]
What are triggers? Explain the advantages and the needs.(Nov-2017-OLD) [NLJIET] 4
19 Write a note on trigger. (Jan-2017-OLD) (May-2018-OLD) (Dec-2018-OLD) [NLJIET] 3
20 What is trigger? Explain its type with their syntax. (Oct-2020-NEW) [NLJIET] 3
Explain Trigger and its types. Explain its applications and also the syntax to create it., 7
(May-2013-OLD) (Nov-2013-OLD) (Dec-2014-OLD) [NLJIET]
21 What are the types of trigger available in SQL? Write trigger to add Primary Key: 7
Student_ID in Student_Master table. Student_ID is Number. [NLJIET]
22 What is trigger? How it is useful? Explain 5
(Dec-2011-OLD) (May-2012-OLD) (May-2011-OLD) (Dec-2010-OLD) [NLJIET]

DBMS (3130703) 2021 Page 32

 New L J Institute of Engineering and Technology Semester: III (2021)

Subject Name: Probability and Statistics

Subject Code: 3130006
Faculties: Hetal Shah, Nirali Patel

Sr. CHAPTER NO- 1: BASIC PROBABILITY Marks

No
TOPIC:1 Probability
SHORT QUESTIONS 1
1 State Bayes’ theorem. [NLJIET] 1
2 Define Mutually exclusive events. [NLJIET] 1
3 Define: Exhaustive events. [NLJIET] 1
4 What is Simple event and compound/composite event? [NLJIET] 1
5 Define Random experiment [NLJIET] 1
6 Define Independent events [NLJIET] 1
7 Define Mathematical Probability [NLJIET] 1
8 Define Conditional Probability [NLJIET] 1
9 What are pairwise Independent events [NLJIET] 1
10 A 4-sided fair die is thrown twice. What is the probability that the sum of the two outcomes 1
is equal to 6? [NLJIET]
11 An unbiased coin is tossed 3 times. What is the probability of obtaining two heads? 1
[NLJIET]
12 In tossing 3 balanced coins, what is the probability of getting 2 heads? [NLJIET] 1
13 Define Random variable [NLJIET] 1
14 Compute P(A/B), if P(A)=0.6, P(B)=0.7 and P(A∩B) = 0.3 [NLJIET] 1
15 What is Bernoulli Trial. [NLJIET] 1
DESCRIPTIVE QUESTIONS
1 1 1 1 3
Find 𝑃(𝐴 ∩ 𝐵), given that 𝑃(𝐴) = 3 , 𝑃(𝐵) = 4 & 𝑃(𝐴 ∪ 𝐵) = 5 [NLJIET]
2 Two unbiased dice are thrown at random. Find the probability distribution of the numbers 4
on them. Also find the mean and variance. (May-2019-OLD) [NLJIET]
3 A person is known to hit the target in 3 out of 4 shots, whereas another person is known to 3
hit the target in 2 out of 3 shots. Find the probability of the target being hit at all when they
both try. (May-2015-OLD) [NLJIET]
4 A multiple choice test consist of 8 questions with 3 answer to each question (of which only 7
one is correct). A student answers each question by rolling a balanced dice and checking the
first answer if he gets 1 or 2, the second answer if he gets 3 or 4 and the third answer if he
gets 5 or 6. To get a distinction, the student must secure at least 75% correct answers. If
there is no negative marking, what is the probability that the student secures a distinction?
(May-2015-OLD) [NLJIET]
5 A machine produces on average of 500 items during the first week of the month and on 3
average of 400 items during the last week of the month. The probability for these being 0.68
and 0.32. Determine the expected value of the production. [HINT: Use Mathematical
expectation for discrete random variable. (May-2015-OLD) [NLJIET]
6 A company has two plants to manufacture hydraulic machine. Plat I manufactures 70% of 3
the hydraulic machines and plant II manufactures 30%. At plant I, 80% of hydraulic
machines are rated standard quality and at plant II, 90% of hydraulic machines are rated
standard quality. A machine is picked up at random and is found to be of standard quality.
What is the chance that it has come from plant I?
(May-2015-OLD) [NLJIET]

Probability and Statistics (3130006) 2021 Page 1

 New L J Institute of Engineering and Technology Semester: III (2021)

7 In a certain assembly plant, three machines, B1, B2, and B3, make 30%, 45%, and25%, 4
respectively, of the products. It is known from past experience that 2%, 3%, and 2% of the
products made by each machine, respectively, are defective. Now, suppose that a finished
product is randomly selected. What is the probability that it is defective?
(May-2016-OLD) [NLJIET]
8 (i) An unbiased coin is tossed 3 times. What is the probability of obtaining two heads? 2
(ii) A 4 sided fair die is thrown twice. What is the probability that the sum of the two
outcomes is equal to 6? (May-2016-OLD) [NLJIET]
9 Three boxes contain 10%, 20% and 30% of defective finger joints. A finger joint is selected 7
at random which is defective. Determine the probability that it comes from (i) 1st box (ii)
2nd box (iii) 3rd box (May-2017-OLD) [NLJIET]
10 (i) Is f(x)=x/6, x=0, 1, 2, 3, 4, define probability distribution? Justify your answer. 3
(ii) In tossing 3 balanced coins, what is the probability of getting 2 heads?
𝐴
(iii) Compute 𝑃 (𝐵) , 𝐼𝑓 𝑃(𝐴) = 0.6, 𝑃(𝐵) = 0.7 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑃(𝐴 ∩ 𝐵) = 0.3 (May-2017-
OLD) [NLJIET]
11 A diagnostic test has a probability of 0.95 of giving a positive result when applied to a 7
person suffering from a certain disease, and a probability 0.10 of giving a (false) positive
when applied to a non –sufferer. It is estimated that 0.5% of the population are sufferers.
Suppose that the test is now administered to a person about whom we have no relevant
information relating to the disease (apart from the fact that he/she comes from this
population). Calculate the following probabilities:
(a)That the test result will be positive;
(b)That, given a positive result, the person is a sufferer;
(c)That, given a negative result, the person is a non – sufferer;
(d)That the person will be misclassified. (May-2018-OLD) [NLJIET]
12 In a box, 100 bulbs are supplied out of which 10 bulbs have defects of type A, 5 bulbs have 3
defects of type B and 2 have defects of both types. Find the probabilities that a bulb to be
drawn at random has a B type defect under the condition that it has an A type defect.
(May-2018-OLD) [NLJIET]
13 Two students x and y work independently on a problem. The probability that x will solve it 2
is 3/4 and the probability that y will solve it is 2/3. What is the probability that problem will
be solved? (Dec-2015-OLD) [NLJIET]
14 State Bayes’s theorem. In a bolt factory, three machines A, B and C manufacture 25%, 7
35%and 40% of the total product respectively. Of these outputs 5%, 4% and 2%
respectively, are defective bolts. A bolt is picked up at random and found to be defective.
What are the probabilities that it was manufactured by machines A, B and C?
(Dec-2015-OLD) [NLJIET]
15 Four cards are drawn from a pack of cards. Find the probability that (i) all are diamonds, 3
(ii) there is one card of each suit, (iii) there are two spades and two hearts. (Nov-2016-OLD)
[NLJIET]
16 Assume that on the average one telephone number out of fifteen called between 1 p.m. and 4
2 p.m. on week days is busy. What is the probability that if 6 randomly selected telephone
numbers are called (i) not more than three, (ii) at least three of them would be busy? (Nov-
2016-OLD) [NLJIET]
17 An urn contains 10 white and 3 black balls, while another urn contains 3 white and 5 black 7
balls. Two balls are drawn from the first urn and put into the second urn and then a ball is
drawn from the latter. What is the probability that it is a white ball?
(Nov-2016-OLD) [NLJIET]
18 A company has two plants to manufacture hydraulic machines. At plant I manufactures 70% 7
of the hydraulic machines and at plant II manufactures 30%. At plant I, 80% of hydraulic
machines are rated standard quality and at plant II, 90% of hydraulic machines are rated
Probability and Statistics (3130006) 2021 Page 2
 New L J Institute of Engineering and Technology Semester: III (2021)

standard quality. A machine is picked up at random and is found to be of standard quality.

What is the chance that it has come from plant I? (Nov-2017-OLD) [NLJIET]
19 𝑘 3
For the probability function 𝑓(𝑥) = 1+𝑥 2 , −∞ < 𝑥 < +∞, find k. (Nov-2017-OLD)
[NLJIET]
20 The probability that a person catch swine flu virus is 0.001. find the probability that out of 3
3000 persons (i) exactly 3, (ii) more than 2 persons will catch the virus. 𝑓(2; 𝛾 ) = 0.42
(Nov-2017-OLD) [NLJIET]
21 In how many different ways can the director of a research laboratory choose 2 chemists 3
from among 7 applicants and 3 physicists from among 9 applicants? (Nov-2018-OLD)
[NLJIET]
22 A class consists of 6 girls and 10 boys. If a committee of three is chosen at random from the 4
class, find the probability that, (i) three boys are selected; (ii) exactly two girls are selected.
(Nov-2018-OLD) [NLJIET]
23 At checkout counter customers arrive at an average of 2.0 per minute. Find the probabilities 7
that
(i)At most 3 will arrive in any given minute
(ii)At least 3 will arrive during an interval of 4 minutes
(iii)At most 10 will arrive during an interval of 6 minutes. (Nov-2018-OLD) [NLJIET]
24 An unbiased coin is tossed 6 times. Find the probability of getting (i) exactly 4 heads, (ii) at 4
least 4 heads. (Nov-2018-OLD) [NLJIET]
25 If 6 of 18 new buildings in a city violate the building code, what is the probability that a 4
building inspector, who randomly selects 4 of the new buildings for inspection, will catch
(i) None, (ii) One, (iii) at least 3, of the new buildings that violate the building code?
(May-2019-OLD) [NLJIET]
26 State Bayes theorem. In a block factory, machines A, B and C manufacture respectively 7
25%, 35% and 40% of the total. Of their output 5%, 4% and 2% are defective. A block is
drawn at random from the product and is found to be defective, what are the probabilities
that it was manufactured by machines A, B and C? (May-2019-OLD) [NLJIET]
27 Define and give an example of:(i) Exhaustive Events, (ii) Mutually Exclusive Events. 3
(May-2019-OLD) [NLJIET]
28 Potholes on a highway can be a serious problem. The past experience suggests that there 3
are, on the average, 2 potholes per mile after a certain amount of usage. It is assumed that
the Poisson process applies to the random variable “number of potholes.” What is the
probability that no more than 4 potholes will occur in a given section of 5 miles? [NLJIET]
29 In producing screws, let A mean “screw too slim” and B “screw too short”. Let P(A)=0.1 3
and let the conditional probability that a slim screw is also too small be P(B/A) = 0.2. What
is the probability that the screw that we pick randomly from the lot produced will be both
too slim and too short? [NLJIET]
30 A room has three lamp sockets. From a collection of 10 light bulbs of which only 6 are 3
good. A person selects 3 at random and puts them in the socket. What is the probability that
the room will have light? [NLJIET]
31 In how many different ways can 4 of 15 laboratory assistants be chosen to assist with an 3
experiment? (Nov-2019-NEW) [NLJIET]
32 If 5 of 20 tires in storage are defective and 5 of them are randomly chosen for inspection 4
(that is, each tire has the same chance of being selected), what is the probability that the two
of the defective tires will be included? (Nov-2019-NEW) [NLJIET]
33 If 3 balls are “randomly drawn” from a bowl containing 6 white and 5 black balls. What is 4
the probability that one of the balls is white and the other two black? (Nov-2019-NEW)
[NLJIET]
34 A university warehouse has received a shipment of 25 printers, of which 10 are laser printers 4
and 15 are inkjet models. If 6 of these 25 are selected at random to be checked by a particular
Probability and Statistics (3130006) 2021 Page 3
 New L J Institute of Engineering and Technology Semester: III (2021)

technician, what is the probability that exactly 3 of those selected are laser printers (so that
the other 3 are inkjets)? (Nov-2019-NEW) [NLJIET]
35 Out of 800 families with 4 children each, how many families would be expected to have (i) 7
2 girls and 2 boys (ii) at least one boy (iii) no girl (iv) at most two girls? Assume equal
probabilities for boys and girls. (Nov-2019-NEW) [NLJIET]
36 Assume that the probability that a wafer contains a large particle of contamination is 0.01 3
and that the wafers are independent; that is, the probability that a wafer contains a large
particle is not dependent on the characteristics of any of the other wafers. If 15 wafers are
analyzed, what is the probability that no large particles are found? (Nov-2019-NEW)
[NLJIET]
37 State Baye’s theorem. A microchip company has two machines that produce the chips. 7
Machine I produces 65% of the chips, but 5% of its chips are defective. Machine II produces
35% of the chips and 15% of its chips are defective. A chip is selected at random and found
to be defective. What is the probability that it came from Machine I?
(Nov-2016-OLD) [NLJIET]
A microchip company has two machines that produce the chips. Machine I produces 65% 4
of the chips, but 5% of its chips are defective. Machine II produces 35% of the chips and
15% of its chips are defective. A chip is selected at random and found to be defective. What
is the probability that it came from Machine I? (Nov-2019-NEW) [NLJIET]
38 An insurance company insured 2000 bike drivers, 4000 car drivers and 6000 truck drivers. 4
The probability of an accident involving a bike driver, a car driver and a truck driver is
0.10,0.03 and 0.15 respectively. One of the insured persons meets with an accident. What
is the probability that he is a bike driver? (Mar-2021-NEW) [NLJIET]
39 A manufacturer of external hard drives claims that only 10 % of his drives require repairs 3
within the warranty period of 12 months. If 5 of 20 of his drives required repairs within the
first year, does this tend to support or refute the claim? (Mar-2021-NEW) [NLJIET]
40 If the probability that an individual suffers a bad reaction from a certain injection is 0.001. 3
Find the probability that out of 2000 individuals, (i) more than 2 individuals; (ii) exactly 3
individuals will suffer a bad reaction. (Mar-2021-NEW) [NLJIET]
41 If two random variables 𝑋 and 𝑌 have the joint density 4

𝑘(𝑥 + 𝑦 2 ), 𝑓𝑜𝑟 0 < 𝑥 < 1, 0<𝑦<1

𝑓(𝑥, 𝑦) = {
0, 𝑒𝑙𝑠𝑒𝑤ℎ𝑒𝑟𝑒

find 𝑘 and the mean of the conditional density 𝑓1(𝑥 | 0.5) where 𝑓1(𝑥) is the marginal
probability density of 𝑋. (Mar-2021-NEW) [NLJIET]
42 If 𝐴 and 𝐵 are independent events with 𝑃(𝐴)=0.26, and 𝑃(𝐵)=0.45, find (𝑎) 𝑃(𝐴⋂𝐵); (𝑏) 3
𝑃(𝐴⋂𝐵̅); (𝑐) 𝑃(𝐴̅⋂𝐵̅). (Mar-2021-NEW) [NLJIET]
43 The joint probability density of two random variables is given by 3
6𝑒 −2𝑥1 −3𝑥2 , 𝑓𝑜𝑟 𝑥1 > 0, 𝑥2 > 0
𝑓(𝑥) = {
0, 𝑒𝑙𝑠𝑒𝑤ℎ𝑒𝑟𝑒

Find the marginal densities of both the random variables and hence show that the two
random variables are independent. (Mar-2021-NEW) [NLJIET]
44 In a certain city, the daily consumption of electric power (in millions of kilowatt-hours) can 4
be treated as a random variable having a gamma distribution with 𝛼=2 and 𝛽=3. If the power
plant of this city has a daily capacity of 12 million kilowatt-hours, what is the probability
that this power supply will be inadequate on any given day? Also, find the mean of this
probability density. (Mar-2021-NEW) [NLJIET]
45 Ten bearings made by a certain process have a mean diameter of 0.506 𝑐𝑚 and a standard 3
deviation of 0.004 𝑐𝑚. Assuming that the data may be looked upon as a random variable
Probability and Statistics (3130006) 2021 Page 4
 New L J Institute of Engineering and Technology Semester: III (2021)

from a normal population, construct a 95 % confidence interval for the actual average
diameter of bearings made by this process. (Mar-2021-NEW) [NLJIET]
46 A consumer protection agency wants to test a paint manufacturer’s claim that the average 4
drying time of his new paint is 20 minutes. It instructs a member of its research staff to paint
each of 36 boards using a different 1−gallon can of the paint, with the intention of rejecting
the claim if the mean of the drying times exceeds 20.75 minutes. Otherwise, it will accept
the claim. Find the probability of a Type I error. Also, find the probability of a Type II error
when 𝜇=21 minutes. Assume that 𝜎=2.4 minutes. (Mar-2021-NEW) [NLJIET]
47 The probability that an electronic component will fail in less than 1000 hours of continuous 4
use is 0.25. Use the normal approximation to find the probability that among 200 such
components fewer than 45 will fail in less than 1000 hours of continuous use. (Mar-2021-
NEW) [NLJIET]
48 A market survey was conducted in four cities to find out the preference for brand 𝐴 soap. 4
The responses are shown below:
Delhi Kolkata Chennai Mumbai
Yes 45 55 60 50
No 35 45 35 45
No Opinion 5 5 5 5
(a) What is the probability that a consumer preferred brand 𝐴, given that he was from
Chennai?
(b) Given that a consumer preferred brand 𝐴, what is the probability that he was from
Mumbai? (Oct-2020-NEW) [NLJIET]
49 (i) The number of monthly breakdowns of a computer is a random variable having Poisson 3
distribution with mean 1.8. Find the probability that the computer will function for a month
(a) without a breakdown (b) with at least one breakdown. (Oct-2020-NEW) [NLJIET]
50 The probability that one of the ten telephone lines is busy at an instant is 0.2. 3
(a) What is the probability that 5 of the lines are busy?
(b) What is the probability that all the lines are busy? (Oct-2020-NEW) [NLJIET]
51 If two random variables 𝑋 and 𝑌 have the joint density 4
𝑘(𝑥 2 + 𝑦) , 𝑓𝑜𝑟 0 < 𝑥 < 1, 0 < 𝑦 < 1
(𝑥, 𝑦) = {𝑘 {
0, 𝑒𝑙𝑠𝑒𝑤ℎ𝑒𝑟𝑒
find 𝑘 and the mean of the conditional density 𝑓1 (𝑥 | 0.5) where 𝑓1 (𝑥) is the marginal
probability density of 𝑋. (Oct-2020-NEW) [NLJIET]
52 Show that 𝐴 and 𝐵 are independent events if (𝐴) = 0.25, (𝐵) = 0.40, and (𝐴⋃𝐵) = 0.50 (Oct- 3
2020-NEW) [NLJIET]
53 At a checkout counter customer arrive at an average of 1.5 per minute. Find the probabilities 4
that ( i ) at most 4 will arrive in any given minute; ( ii ) one customer will arrive in the first
one minute and two customers will arrive in the next one minute. (Oct-2020-NEW)
[NLJIET]
54 A safety engineer feels that 30 % of all industrial accidents in her plant are caused by failure 4
of employees to follow instructions. If this figure is correct, find Approximately, the
probability that among 84 industrialized accidents in this Plant anywhere from 20 to 30
(inclusive) will be due to failure of employees to Follow instructions. (Oct-2020-NEW)
[NLJIET]
55 If a publisher of nontechnical books takes great pains to ensure that its books are free of 7
typographical errors, so that the probability of any given page containing at least one such
error is .005 and errors are independent from page to page, what is the probability that one

Probability and Statistics (3130006) 2021 Page 5

 New L J Institute of Engineering and Technology Semester: III (2021)

of its 400-page novels will contain (i) exactly one page with errors? (ii) At most three pages
with errors? (Nov-2019-NEW) [NLJIET]
56 In producing screws, let A mean “screw too slim” and B “screw too short”. Let P(A)=0.1and 3
let the conditional probability that a slim screw is also too small be P(B/A)=0.2. What is the
probability that the screw that we pick randomly from the lot produced will be both too slim
and too short? (May-2017-OLD) [NLJIET]
57 Enlist the types of Random variable and define them. [NLJIET] 3

CHAPTER NO- 2: SOME SPECIAL PROBABILITY

DISTRIBUTIONS
TOPIC:1 Probability Distribution
SHORT QUESTIONS
1 State atleast two differences between binomial and Poisson Probability distribution. 1
[NLJIET]
2 Write assumptions of Binomial Distribution. [NLJIET] 1
3 What is probability distribution? [NLJIET] 1
4 Define Mathematical Expectation. [NLJIET] 1
5 Define Variance and Standard Deviation of Random variable. [NLJIET] 1
6 Give the formulae for Mean, Variance and Standard deviation of Binomial Distribution. 1
[NLJIET]
7 Give Poisson Distribution function. [NLJIET] 1
8 What is Normal Distribution? [NLJIET] 1
9 Give the formulae for Mean, Variance and Standard deviation of Binomial Distribution. 1
[NLJIET]
10 Give Poisson Distribution function. [NLJIET] 1
DESCRIPTIVE QUESTIONS
1 The compressive strength of samples of cement can be modeled by a normal distribution with 7
a mean 6000 kg/cm2 a standard deviation of 100 kg/cm2.
(i)What is the probability that a sample's strength is less than 6250 kg/cm2?
(ii) What is the probability if sample strength is between 5800 and 5900 kg/cm2?
(iii) What strength is exceeded by 95% of the samples?
[P(z = 2.5) = 0.9938, P(z = 1) = 0.8413, P(z = 2) = 0.9772, P(z = 1.65) = 0.95]
(May-2016-OLD) [NLJIET]
2 In a photographic process, the developing time of prints may be looked upon as a random 7
variable having the normal distribution with a mean of 16.28 seconds and a standard deviation
of 0.12 second. Find the probability that it will take
(i) anywhere from 16.00 to 16.50 seconds to develop one of the prints;
(ii) at least 16.20 seconds to develop one of the prints;
(iii) at most 16.35 seconds to develop one of the prints. [P(z = 1.83) = 0.9664, P(z = 0.66) =
0.7454, P(z = 0.58) = 0.7190] (May-2016-OLD)[NLJIET]
3 Potholes on a highway can be a serious problem. The past experience suggests that there are, 3
on the average, 2 potholes per mile after a certain amount of usage. It is assumed that the
Poisson process applies to the random variable “number of potholes.” What is the probability
that no more than 4 potholes will occur in a given section of 5 miles?
(May-2016-OLD) [NLJIET]
4 The pH of a solution is measured eight times by one operator using the same instrument. She 4
obtains the following data: 7.15, 7.20, 7.18, 7.19, 7.21, 7.20, 7.16, and 7.18. Calculate the
sample mean, the sample variance and sample standard deviation. (May-2016-OLD)
[NLJIET]

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 New L J Institute of Engineering and Technology Semester: III (2021)

5 (i)Write assumptions of Binomial Distribution. (ii) The following table gives the probabilities 7
that a certain computer will malfunction 0,1,2,3,4,5 or 6 times on any one day.
No. of mal-Functions (x) 0 1 2 3 4 5 6
Prob f(x) 0.17 0.29 0.27 0.16 0.07 0.03 0.01
Find the mean and standard deviation of this probability distribution (May-2017-OLD)
[NLJIET]
6 The breaking strength X[kg] of a certain type of plastic block is normally distributed with a 4
mean of 1250 kg and a standard deviation of 55 kg. What is the maximum load such that we
can expect no more than 5% of the block to break? (May-2017-OLD) [NLJIET]
7 Weights of 500 students of a college are normally distributed with average weight 95 lbs and 4
standard deviation 7.5. find how many students have the weight between 100 and 110
lbs.(𝑃(𝑋 ≤ 2) = 0.9772, 𝑃(𝑋 ≤ 0) = 0.5, 𝑃(𝑋 ≤ 0.67) = 0.7486) (May-2018-OLD)
[NLJIET]
8 Write formula for binomial distribution when n and p is known. If n= 4 and p= 0.2, then 7
prepare binomial distribution for the random variable X. Also, find E(X), V(X), E(3X+7),
and V(3X+7) (May-2018-OLD) [NLJIET]
9 Three coins are tossed to gather and let random variable X be the number of heads in each 4
outcome. Then find (a) Probability distribution, (b) Mean and (c) standard deviation.
(May-2018-OLD) [NLJIET]
10 Obtain the binomial distribution for which mean is 10 and variance is 5. (Dec-2015-OLD) 2
[NLJIET]
11 A book contains 100 misprints distributed randomly throughout its 100 pages. What is the 7
probability that a page observed at random contains at least two misprints? Assume Poisson
Distribution. (Dec-2015-OLD) [NLJIET]
12 What are the properties of Binomial Distribution? The average percentage of failure in a 7
certain examination is 40. What is the probability that out of a group of 6 candidates, at least
4 passed in examination? (Dec-2015-OLD) [NLJIET]
13 What is the standard deviation of sampling distribution if standard deviation of population is 2
35 and sample size is 9. (Nov-2016-OLD) [NLJIET]
14 State atleast two differences between binomial and Poisson Probability distribution. 2
(Nov-2016-OLD) [NLJIET]
15 A car hire firm has two cars, which it hires out day by day. The number of demands for a car 3
on each day is distributed on a Poisson distribution with mean 1.5. Calculate the proportion
of days on which neither car is used and proportion of days on which some demand is refused
(𝑒 −1.5 = 0.2231) (Nov-2016-OLD) [NLJIET]
16 If 3 of 12 car drivers do not carry driving license, what is the probability that a traffic inspector 3
who randomly checks 3 car drivers, will catch 1 for not carrying driving license (use binomial
dist.) (Nov-2017-OLD) [NLJIET]
17 𝑘 3
Define: Mathematical Expectation. Given that 𝑓(𝑥) = 2𝑥 is probability distribution for a
random variable that can take on the values x = 0, 1, 2, 3, 4. Find k. (May-2019-OLD)
[NLJIET]
18 A car hire firm has two cars which it hires out day to day. The number of demands for a car 3
on each day is distributed as Poisson variate with mean 1.5. Calculate the proportion of days
on which (i) neither car is used, and (ii) some demand is refused. (May-2019-OLD)
[NLJIET]
19 What are the properties of Binomial Distribution? [NLJIET] 3
20 What are the properties of Mathematical Expectation? [NLJIET] 2
21 Give properties of Variance of Random variable. [NLJIET] 2
22 The average percentage of failure in a certain examination is 40. What is the probability that 4
out of a group of 6 candidates, at least 4 passed in examination? [NLJIET]

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 New L J Institute of Engineering and Technology Semester: III (2021)

23 A random variable having the normal distribution with  = 18.2  =1.25, find the 3
probabilities that it will take on a value
i) less than 16.5,
ii) Between 16.5 and 18.8 (F (0.48) = 0.3156 , F (−1.36) = 0.0869 )[NLJIET]
24 For the following probability distribution 7
X 1 2 3 4 5
F(x) 0.1 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.3
Find the mean and variance (ii) Find the distribution function. [NLJIET]
25 The probability distribution of a commodity is given below. 4
Demand 5 6 7 8 9 10
Probability 0.05 0.10 0.30 0.40 0.10 0.05
Find expected demand. [NLJIET]
26 Obtain the binomial distribution for which mean is 10 and variance is 5 [NLJIET] 2
27 x−2 4
Which of the following define probability distribution (i) f(x) = 10 , x = 0, 1, 2, 3, 4
x
(ii) f(x) = 6 , x = 0, 1, 2, 3 [NLJIET]
28 The Probability distribution of a random variable x is given below 7
x -2 -1 0 1 2
p(x) 1 1 p 1 1
12 3 4 6
2
Find (i) E(x) (ii) E(2x+3) (iii) E(𝑥 +2). [NLJIET]
29 Find the expectation for the following discrete probability distribution: [NLJIET] 3
𝑥 10 14 18 25 35
𝑝(𝑥) 0.125 0.225 0.325 0.200 0.125
30 Find the third moment about mean for the following frequency distribution: [NLJIET] 4
𝑥 5 7 10 18 26
𝑓𝑟𝑒𝑞𝑢𝑒𝑛𝑐𝑦 − 𝑓 5 14 22 6 3
31 The probability distribution of a commodity is given below. 4
Demand 5 6 7 8 9 10
Probability 0.05 0.10 0.30 0.40 0.10 0.05
Find expected demand. [NLJIET]
32 A book contains 100 misprints distributed randomly throughout its 100 pages. What is the 7
probability that a page observed at random contains at least two misprints. Assume Poisson
Distribution. [NLJIET]
33 In an examination, minimum 40 marks for passing and 75 marks for distinction are required. 7
In this examination 45% students passed and 9% obtained distinction. Find average marks
and standard deviation of this distribution of marks. [P(z = 0.125) = 0.05 and P(z = 1.34) =
0.41] (Nov-2019-NEW) [NLJIET]
34 Distribution of height of 1000 students is normal with mean 165 cms and standard deviation 7
15 cms. How many soldiers are of height (i) less than 138 cms (ii) more than 198 cms (iii)
between 138 and 198 cms.[P(z=1.8)=0.4641, P(z=2.2)=0.4861] (Nov-2019-NEW)
[NLJIET]
35 An analysis of monthly wages paid to workers in two firms A and B belong to the same 4
industry gave the following results.
Firm A Firm B
No. of wages earners 986 548
Average monthly wages Rs. 52.5 Rs. 47.5
Variance of distribution of wages 100 121
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 New L J Institute of Engineering and Technology Semester: III (2021)

(a) Which firm pays out large amounts as wage bill? (b) In which firm there is greater
variability in individual wages? (Dec-2019-OLD) [NLJIET]
36 The actual amount of instant coffee that a filling machine puts into “4−ounce” jars may be 4
looked upon as a random variable having a normal distribution with 𝜎=0.04 ounce. If only
2 % of the jars are to contain less than 4 ounces, what should be the mean fill of these jars?
Out of 10000 jars sold, how many are expected to contain more than 4.2 ounces? (Mar-
2021-NEW) [NLJIET]
37 The time to check out and process payment information at an office supplies Web site can 3
be modelled as a random variable with mean 𝜇=63 seconds and variance 𝜎2=81 seconds.
What is the probability that a random sample of size 36 has mean greater than 66.75? (Mar-
2021-NEW) [NLJIET]
38 The following table gives the probabilities that a certain computer will malfunction 3
0,1,2,3,4,5 or 6 times on any one day:
Number of x: 0 1 2 3 4 5 6
Malfunctions 0.17 0.29 0.27 0.16 0.07 0.03 0.01
Probability f(x):
Find the mean and variance of this probability distribution. (Mar-2021-NEW) [NLJIET]
39 Find out mean deviation about median for the following series: (Mar-2021-NEW) 3
[NLJIET]
Size 4 6 8 10 12 14 16
Freq. 2 1 3 6 4 3 1
40 The life in hours of a certain kind of radio tube has the probability density 3
100
𝑓(𝑥) = { 𝑥 2 , 𝑓𝑜𝑟 𝑥 ≥ 100
0, 𝑒𝑙𝑠𝑒𝑤ℎ𝑒𝑟𝑒
find the distribution function and use it to determine the probability that the life of tube is
more than 150 hrs. (Mar-2021-NEW) [NLJIET]
41 The number of flaws in a fiber optic cable follows a Poisson process with an average of 0.6 4
per 100 feet.
(i) Find the probability of exactly 2 flaws in a 200 foot cable.
(ii) Find the probability of exactly 1 flaw in the first 100 feet and exactly 1 flaw in the second
100 feet. (Mar-2021-NEW) [NLJIET]
42 How exponential distribution is useful in real applications? Find the mean and variance of 4
the exponential distribution
−𝑥
1
𝑒 𝛽 , 𝑓𝑜𝑟 𝑥 > 0, 𝛽 > 0
𝑓(𝑥) = { 𝛽 (Mar-2021-NEW) [NLJIET]
0, 𝑒𝑙𝑠𝑒𝑤ℎ𝑒𝑟𝑒
43 Given that 𝑛 = 25, ∑ 𝑋 = 125, ∑ 𝑋 2 = 650, ∑ 𝑌 = 100, ∑ 𝑌 2 = 460 and ∑ 𝑋𝑌 = 508. 3
Later on it was found that two of the points (8, 12) and (6, 8) were wrongly entered as (6,
14) and (8, 6). Prove that 𝑟 = 2/ 3. (Mar-2021-NEW) [NLJIET]
44 Assume that 5 % of the apples weigh less than 150 𝑔𝑚 and 20 % of the apples weigh more 4
than 225 𝑔𝑚. If the distribution of the weight of the apples is normal, find the mean and
standard deviation of the distribution. (Oct-2020-NEW) [NLJIET]
45 An auto company claims that the mean petrol consumption of its new six cylinder car is 9.5 4
km per liter which is lower than the existing auto engine. It was found that the mean petrol
consumption of a sample of 50 of these cars was 10 km per liter with a standard deviation
of 3.5 km per liter. Test the claim at 5 % level of significance. (Oct-2020-NEW) [NLJIET]
46 The life of batteries manufactured by a battery manufacturer can be modelled as a random 3
variable having approximately a normal distribution with 𝜇 = 50 months and 𝜎 = 6 months.

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 New L J Institute of Engineering and Technology Semester: III (2021)

Find the probability that the mean of a random sample of 36 such batteries will be less than
48 months. (Oct-2020-NEW) [NLJIET]
47 A process for making certain bearings is under control if the diameters of the bearings have 3
a mean of 0.5000 cm. What can we say about this process if a sample of 10 of these bearings
has a mean diameter of 0.5060 cm and a standard deviation of 0.0040 cm? (Oct-2020-
NEW) [NLJIET]
48 Three balanced coins are tossed. Let 𝑋 denote the number of heads on the first two coins 4
and 𝑌 denote the number of tails on the last two coins. Find the joint distribution of 𝑋 and
𝑌. (Oct-2020-NEW) [NLJIET]
49 The number of page requests that arrive at a Web server is a Poisson random variable. Its 3
probability distribution is as follows:
Number of
x 0 1 2 3 4 5 6
requests/sec
Probability f(x) 0.368 0.368 0.184 0.061 0.015 0.003 0.001
Find the mean and variance of this probability distribution. (Oct-2020-NEW) [NLJIET]
50 Find out mean deviation about median for the following series: (Oct-2020-NEW) 3
[NLJIET]
Size 4 6 8 10 12 14 16
Freq 1 2 4 5 4 3 1
51 In a certain district, the proportion of highway sections requiring repairs in any 3
given year is a random variable having the probability density
2 (1
𝑓(𝑥1 , 𝑥2 ) = {12𝑥 − 𝑥) 𝑓𝑜𝑟 0 < 𝑥 < 1
0 𝑒𝑙𝑒𝑠𝑤ℎ𝑒𝑟𝑒
Find the distribution function and use it to determine the probability that at least half of the
highways sections will require repairs in any given year. (Oct-2020-NEW) [NLJIET]
52 The joint probability density of two random variables X1 and X2 is given by 03 3
1
(𝑥 )
𝑓(𝑥1 , 𝑥2 ) = {5 1 + 2𝑥2 𝑓𝑜𝑟 0 < 𝑥1 < 1, 0 < 𝑥2 < 2
0, 𝑒𝑙𝑒𝑠𝑤ℎ𝑒𝑟𝑒
Find the marginal densities of both the random variables and check whether the two random
variables are independent. (Oct-2020-NEW) [NLJIET]
53 A power supply unit for a computer component is assumed to follow an exponential 3
distribution with a mean life of 1200 hours. What is the probability that the component will
survive more than 1500 hours? (Oct-2020-NEW) [NLJIET]
54 In normal distribution with a mean of 16.28 seconds and a standard deviation of 0.12 second. 7
Find the In a photographic process, the developing time of prints may be looked upon as a
random variable having the probability that it will take(i)anywhere from 16.00 to 16.50
seconds to develop one of the prints;(ii)at least 16.20 seconds to develop one of the
prints;(iii)at most 16.35 seconds to develop one of the prints.[P(z = 1.83) = 0.9664, P(z =
0.66) = 0.7454, P(z = 0.58) = 0.7190] (May-2016-OLD) [NLJIET]

CHAPTER NO- 3: BASIC STATISTICS

TOPIC:1 Correlation and Regression
SHORT QUESTIONS
1 The correlation coefficient is the ___ mean between the regression coefficients. 1
Ans: geometric [NLJIET]
2 The line of regression always passes through a point ___. 1
Ans: (𝑥̅ , 𝑦̅) [NLJIET]
3 Arithmetic mean of the coefficients of regression is ___ than the coefficient of correlation. 1

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 New L J Institute of Engineering and Technology Semester: III (2021)

Ans: greater [NLJIET]

4 The value of coefficient of correlation lies between ___ and ___ 1
Ans: (-1 and +1) [NLJIET]
5 If the two regression lines are perpendicular to each other than the coefficient of correlation 1
is equal to ___
Ans: zero [NLJIET]
6 If the two regression coefficients are -0.1 and -0.9, the value of r = ___ 1
Ans: 0.3 [NLJIET]
7 If r1 and r2 are two regression coefficients, then sight of r1, r2 depends are ___ 1
Ans: Coefficient of regression [NLJIET]
8 If coefficient of correlation r=0, the two lines of regression are ___ 1
Ans: Perpendicular [NLJIET]
9 If two regression lines coincide then the coefficient of correlation is ___ 1
Ans: (±1) [NLJIET]
10 Define correlation and regression. [NLJIET] 1
11 Test whether True or False: 1
If r is negative, both the variables are decreasing.
Ans: False [NLJIET]
12 Test whether True or False: 1
Correlation always signifies a cause and effect relationship between the variables.
Ans: False [NLJIET]
13 Test whether True or False: 1
The rank correlation coefficient was developed by spearman.
Ans: True [NLJIET]
14 Find the arithmetic mean of the following frequency distribution. (Jun-2016) [NLJIET] 1
X 1 2 3 4
F 4 5 2 1
15 Define coefficient of correlation. (Nov-2016) [NLJIET] 1
16 Find mean of temperature recorded in degree centigrade during a week in May 2015, here 1
the temperature recorded are 38.2, 40.9, 39, 44, 39.6, 40.5, 39.5. (Nov-2016) [NLJIET]
17 Find the coefficient of variation for a data with mean 34 and standard deviation 2.25. 1
(Jun-2017) [NLJIET]
DESCRIPTIVE QUESTIONS
1 Obtain the two regression lines f r o m t he f o l l o w i n g d a t a and hence find the correlation 7
coefficient. (May-2015-OLD) [NLJIET]
X 6 2 10 4 8
y 9 11 5 8 7
2 Explain co-relation, co-relation Types, co-relation co-efficient. Also state the methods to 7
find correlation between two variables. Find the correlation co- efficient between the
serum diastolic blood pressure & serum cholesterol levels of 10 randomly selected persons.
(Dec-2015-OLD) [NLJIET]
Persons 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
Cholesterol 307 259 341 317 274 416 267 320 274 336
Diastolic 80 75 90 74 75 110 70 85 88 78
B.P.

3 State the formula for two regression equations. Also give algorithm for the following 7
data find the line of regression of y on x. (Dec-2015-OLD) [NLJIET]
X 1.53 1.78 2.60 2.95 3.42
Y 33.5 36.3 40.0 45.8 53.5
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 New L J Institute of Engineering and Technology Semester: III (2021)

4 Calculate the coefficient of correlation and obtain the lines of regression for the following: 7
[NLJIET]
X 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
Y 9 8 10 12 11 13 14 16 15
5 Find correlation coefficient for the data given below. (Jun-2016-OLD) [NLJIET] 4
X 4 5 9 14 18 22 24
Y 16 22 11 16 7 3 17
6 In a college, IT department has arranged one competition for IT students to develop an 3
efficient program to solve a problem. Ten students took part in the competition and ranked
by two judges given in the following table. Find the degree of agreement between the two
judges using Rank correlation coefficient.
Ist J 3 5 8 4 7 10 2 1 6 9
Iind J 6 4 9 8 1 2 3 10 5 7
J-Judge. (Jun-2016-OLD) [NLJIET]
7 Find the arithmetic mean from the following table: (Nov-2016-N-OLD) (Nov-2017-OLD) 3
[NLJIET]
X 35 45 55 60 75 80
f 12 18 10 6 3 11

8 Complete correlation coefficient for the data given below. 4

X 4 5 9 14 18 22 24
y 16 22 11 16 7 3 17
2 2
∑ 𝑥 = 96, ∑ 𝑦 = 92, ∑ 𝑥 = 1702 , ∑ 𝑦 = 1464 , ∑ 𝑥𝑦 = 1047. (Nov-2016-N-OLD)
[NLJIET]
9 Calculate the co-efficient of correlation between the given series of data for x and y in the 7
following table: (Jun-2017-OLD) [NLJIET]
x 54 57 55 57 56 52 59
y 36 35 32 34 36 38 35
10 Let 3x + 2y = 26 and 6x + y = 31, be the two regression lines. (i) Find the mean value and 7
correlation coefficient between x and y (ii) if the variance of y is 4 find the standard
deviation of x. (Nov-2017-OLD) [NLJIET]
11 Find standard deviation for the following data. Also find C.V. (Nov-2017-OLD) 3
[NLJIET]
x 5 10 15 20 25
f 7 4 6 3 5
12 Find the coefficient of correlation from the data: 4
x = 7, 8, 9, 11, 10, 13, 12
y = 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7 (Nov-2017-OLD) [NLJIET]
13 Calculate the coefficient of correlation for the following distribution. (May-2018-OLD) 7
[NLJIET]
X 5 9 15 19 24 28 32
y 7 9 14 21 23 29 30
f 6 9 13 20 16 11 7
14 Obtain the correlation coefficient for the following data: (Dec-2018-OLD) [NLJIET] 7
x 100 98 78 85 110 93 80
y 85 90 70 72 98 81 74
15 Calculate the coefficient of correlation for the following pairs of x and y: (May-2019-OLD) 7
[NLJIET]
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 New L J Institute of Engineering and Technology Semester: III (2021)

x 17 19 21 26 20 28 26 27
y 23 27 25 26 27 25 30 33
16 Find the regression coefficient of y on x for the following data: (May-2019-OLD) 4
[NLJIET]
x 1 2 3 4 5
y 160 180 140 180 2000
17 Discuss type of Regression. (May-2019-OLD) [NLJIET] 3
18 The ranks of same 16 students in Maths and MOS are as follows: 4
Maths 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16
MOS 1 10 3 4 5 7 2 6 8 11 15 9 14 12 16 13
Calculate the rank correlation coefficient for proficiencies of this group in given subjects.
(May-2019-OLD) [NLJIET]
19 The number of bacterial cells(X) per unit volume in a culture at different hours(Y) is given 4
below:
X 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
Y 43 46 82 98 123 167 199 213 245 272
Fit a line of regression of Y on X and estimate the number of bacterial cells after 15 hours.
[NLJIET]
20 Find the coefficient of correlation by spearman’s method from the following data & 7
comment on the result.
IQ 𝑋𝑖 106 86 100 101 99 103 97 113 112 110

Hours 𝑌𝑖 7 0 27 50 28 29 20 12 6 17

The above data shows the correlation between the IQ of a person and number of hours spent in
front of the TV per week by person. [NLJIET]
21 Find the correlation coefficient from the following data: [NLJIET] 7
X 50 50 55 60 65 65 65 60 60 50
Y 11 13 14 16 16 15 15 14 13 13
22 Find the equation of the line of regression based on the following data: [NLJIET] 7
x 4 2 3 4 2
y 2 3 2 4 4
23 Compute the correlation coefficient between 𝑋 and 𝑌. (Dec-2019-OLD) [NLJIET] 3
𝑋 2 4 5 6 8 11
𝑌 18 12 10 8 7 5
24 Raw material used in the production of a synthetic fiber is stored in a place which has no 7
humidity control. Measurements of the relative humidity in the storage place and the
moisture content of a sample of the raw material (both in %) on 7 days yielded the following
results:
Humidity (x): 42 35 50 43 48 62 31
Moisture content(y): 12 8 14 9 11 16 7
Find the lines of regression of Y on X and X on Y. [NLJIET]
25 Obtain the two lines of regression for the following data: (Nov-2019-NEW) [NLJIET] 7
Sales (No. of tablets) 190 240 250 300 310 335 300
Advertising expenditure (Rs.) 5 10 15 20 20 30 30
26 Find the regression equation showing the capacity utilization on production from the 7
following data:
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 New L J Institute of Engineering and Technology Semester: III (2021)

Average Standard deviation

Production (in lakh units) 35.6 10.5
Capacity utilization (in %) 84.8 8.5
Correlation coefficient r = 0.62
Estimate the production when capacity utilization is 70%. (Nov-2019-NEW) [NLJIET]
27 Compute Karl Pearson’s coefficient of correlation between 𝑋 and 𝑌 for the following data: 4
(Mar-2021-NEW) [NLJIET]
X 100 98 78 85 110 93 80
Y 85 90 70 72 95 81 74
28 The coefficient of rank correlation of marks obtained by 10 students in English and 4
Economics was found to be 0.6. It was later discovered that the difference in ranks in the
two subjects obtained by one of the students was wrongly taken as 7 instead of 1. Find the
correct coefficient of rank correlation. (Mar-2021-NEW) [NLJIET]
29 The population (𝑝) of a small community on the outskirts of a city grows rapidly over a 7
20−year period:
t 0 5 10 15 20
p 100 200 450 950 2000
As an engineer working for a utility company, you must forecast the population 5 years into
the future in order to anticipate the demand for power. Employ an exponential model and
linear regression to make this prediction. (Mar-2021-NEW) [NLJIET]

30 Find Karl Pearson’s coefficient of skewness for the following data: (Mar-2021-NEW) 4
[NLJIET]
x 0-10 10-20 20-30 30-40 40-50
f 13 20 30 25 12
31 From the following data of the marks obtained by 8 students in Computer Networking (CN) 4
and Complier Design (CD) papers, compute rank coefficient of correlation. (Oct-2020-
NEW) [NLJIET]
CN 15 20 28 12 40 60 20 80
CD 40 30 50 30 20 10 30 60
32 Find the coefficient of skewness based on the Method of Moments for the following data: 4
(Oct-2020-NEW) [NLJIET]
class 0-10 10-20 20-30 30-40 40-50
f 13 20 30 25 12
33 Compute the coefficient of correlation between X and Y using the following data: (Nov- 3
2019-NEW) [NLJIET]
X 2 4 5 6 8 11
Y 18 12 10 8 7 5
TOPIC:2 Measures of Central Tendency
SHORT QUESTIONS
1 Write the formulas for mean, median & mode. [NLJIET] 1
2 Write formula for central moments. [NLJIET] 1
3 Write formula for raw moments. [NLJIET] 1
4 Write relation between raw moments & central moments. [NLJIET] 1
5 Find arithmetic mean of following frequency distribution. [NLJIET] 1
x: 1 2 3 4
f: 4 5 2 1
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 New L J Institute of Engineering and Technology Semester: III (2021)

6 What is mode of the following frequency distribution? [NLJIET] 1

Data value x: 1 2 3 4
Frequency f: 4 7 10 8
7 Find mean of temperature recorded in degree centigrade during a week in, where the 1
temperature recorded are 38.2, 40.9, 39, 44, 39.6, 40.5, 39.5. [NLJIET]
8 Which measures are called the measures of central tendency? [NLJIET] 1
DESCRIPTIVE QUESTIONS
1 What is mode of the following frequency distribution? [NLJIET] 5
Data values:x 1 2 3 4
Frequency:f 4 7 10 8
2 Find (i) Average values of x and y. 7
(ii) Correlation Coefficient between the two variables.
(iii) Standard Deviation of y. [NLJIET]
3 Calculate the Mean, Median and Mode for the following data: [NLJIET] 7
Class interval 50-53 53-56 56-59 59-62 62-65 65-68 68-71 71-74 74-77
Frequency 3 8 14 30 36 28 16 10 5
4 Find standard deviation from the following data. (Jun-2016-OLD) [NLJIET] 3
Class 9-11 12-14 15-17 18-20
Frequency 2 3 4 1
5 The following data represents the number of foreign (Jun-2016)
visitors in a multinational company 4
in every 10 days during last 2 months. Use the data[NLJIET]1
to find median. (Jun-2016-OLD)
[NLJIET]
X 0-10 10-20 20-30 30-40 40-50 50-60
No of visitor 12 18 27 20 17 06
6 Find the median by the data 2, 8, 4, 6, 10, 12, 4, 8, 14, 16. (Nov-2016 -N-OLD) [NLJIET] 3
7 Obtain the Median for the following distribution: [NLJIET] 4
x 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
f 8 10 11 16 20 25 15 9 6
8 Find the missing frequency when median is 24. (Nov-2017-OLD) [NLJIET] 4
Marks 0-10 10-20 20-30 30-40 40-50
Students 15 20 x 14 16
9 Wages earned in Rupees per day by the labourers are given the table: 4
Wages in Rs. 10-20 20-30 30-40 40-50 50-60
No. of Lab. 5 8 13 10 8
Find the median of the distribution. (May-2018-OLD) [NLJIET]
10 Find the mode for the following distribution. (May-2018-OLD) [NLJIET] 4
Class 0-10 10-20 20-30 30-40 40-50 50-60 60-70
F 4 7 8 12 25 18 10

11 The average grade of male students in the class was 6.2 and that of females was 7.3. The 3
mean grade of all the students was 6.53. Find the percentage of male and female
students.(May-2019-OLD) [NLJIET]
12 Find the mean and median of the following data: (May-2019-OLD) [NLJIET] 7
Classes: 0-30 30-60 60-90 90-120 120-150 150-180
f. 8 13 22 27 18 7
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 New L J Institute of Engineering and Technology Semester: III (2021)

13 Find the first four moments of the following data about assumed mean 112.45 and actual 7
mean. [NLJIET]
Class limit 100-104.9 105-109.9 110-114.9 115-119.9 120-124.9
Frequency 7 13 25 25 30
14 From the following distribution, find the mean and variance: [NLJIET] 4
𝑥 1 2 3 4 5
𝑓(𝑥) 0.1 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.3
15 Find the arithmetic mean for the following data: [NLJIET] 3
𝑥 35 45 55 60 75 80
𝑓 12 18 10 6 3 11
16 Which measures are called the measures of central tendency? (Jun-2017-OLD) [NLJIET] 1
17 Goal scored by two teams A and B in a football season were as follows: 4
No. of goals scored in a match 0 1 2 3 4
No. of matches played by team A 27 9 8 5 4
No. of matches played by team B 17 9 6 5 3
Find out which team is more consistent. (Dec-2019-OLD) [NLJIET]
18 Find the mean, median and Mode for the following frequency distribution: (Mar-2021- 3
NEW) [NLJIET]
X 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
F 4 7 8 10 6 6 4 2 2 1
19 An insurance company obtained the following data for accident claims (in thousand rupees) 3
from a particular region. Find its mean, median and Mode. (Oct-2020-NEW) [NLJIET]
Amount 1 - 3 3 - 5 5 - 7 7 - 9 9 - 11 11 - 13
Frequency 6 47 75 46 18 8
20 Suppose that the time it takes to get service in a restaurant follows a gamma distribution 3
with mean 8 minutes and variance 32 minutes. Suppose that you went to this restaurant at
6: 30 p.m. What is the probability that you will receive service before 6: 36 p.m.? (Oct-
2020-NEW) [NLJIET]

TOPIC:3 Moments & Mathematical Expectations

DESCRIPTIVE QUESTIONS
1 From the following data calculate moments about (i) Assumed mean 25 (ii) Actual mean 7
(iii)zero (Dec-2015-OLD) [NLJIET]
Variable 0-10 10-20 20-30 30-40
Frequency 1 3 4 2
2 The quantities of water (in litres) supplied by municipal corporation on ten consecutive days 7
in certain area are shown below:
218.2, 199.7, 207.3, 185.4, 213.7, 184.7, 179.5, 194.4, 224.3, 203.5.
Evaluate the mean & the first four central moments of the water (in litres) of that area.
(Dec-2015-OLD) [NLJIET]
3 Find the expectation for the following discrete probability distribution: (Nov-2017-OLD) 3
[NLJIET]
x 10 14 18 25 35
p(x) 0.125 0.2255 0.325 0.200 0.125

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 New L J Institute of Engineering and Technology Semester: III (2021)

4 Find the third moment about mean for the following frequency distribution: (Nov-2017- 4
OLD) [NLJIET]
x 5 7 10 18 26
frequency-f 5 14 22 6 3
2
5 kgs) r.v. X has a pdf (𝑖) 𝑓(𝑥) = {3𝑥 , 0 ≤ 𝑥 ≤ 1 , Obtain the first four central
A continuous
7
5 0, 𝑒𝑙𝑠𝑒𝑤ℎ𝑒𝑟𝑒
moments. (Nov-2017-OLD) [NLJIET] 55
6 A machine produces on average of 500 items during the first week of the month and on 3
average of 400 items during the last week of the month. The probability for these being 0.68
and 0.32. Determine the expected value of the production. (Nov-2017-OLD) [NLJIET]
7 Discuss about mathematical modeling. (Dec-2018-OLD) [NLJIET] 3
8 Discuss various types of errors used for numerical calculations. (Dec-2018-OLD) 4
[NLJIET]
9 Calculate the first four moments of the following distribution about the mean. (Dec-2018- 7
OLD) [NLJIET]
x 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
f(x) 1 8 28 56 70 56 28 8 1
10 The probability distribution of a commodity is given below. 4
Demand 5 6 7 8 9 10
Probability (Kgs) 0.05 0.10 0.30 0.40 0.10 0.05
Find expected demand. (Dec-2018-OLD) [NLJIET]
11 Raw material used in the production of a synthetic fiber is stored in a place which has no
humidity control. Measurements of the relative humidity in the storage place and the 7
moisture content of a sample of the raw material (both in %) on 7 days yielded the following
results:
Humidity(x): 42 35 50 43 48 62 31
Moisture Content (y): 12 8 14 9 11 16 7
Find the lines of regression of Y on X and X on Y. (May-2019-OLD) [NLJIET]
12 Calculate the first four moments about the mean of the following data: (Mar-2021-NEW) 4
[NLJIET]
x 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
f 1 8 28 56 70 56 28 8 1
13 Calculate the first four moments about the mean of the following data: (Mar-2021-NEW) 4
[NLJIET]
x 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
f 1 8 28 56 70 56 28 8 1
14 Calculate the first four moments about the mean of the following data: (Oct-2020-NEW) 4
[NLJIET]
x 5 10 15 20 25
f 6 10 14 6 4

CHAPTER NO- 4: APPLIED STATISTICS

TOPIC:1 Hypothesis and Tests
DESCRIPTIVE QUESTIONS
1 What is a statistical hypothesis? [NLJIET] 3
2 What are simple and composite statistical hypothesis? [NLJIET] 3
3 Explain the terms Null Hypothesis and Alternative Hypothesis. [NLJIET] 3
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 New L J Institute of Engineering and Technology Semester: III (2021)

4 Explain t- Test for single mean. [NLJIET] 3

5 Describe F- test for ratio of variances. [NLJIET] 3
6 Describe briefly Chi- square test for goodness of fit and independence of attributes.
[NLJIET] 3
7 What are the applications of Chi- square test? [NLJIET] 3
8 A college claims that its average class size is 35 students. A random sample of 64 classes 5
has a mean size of 37 students with a standard deviation of 6 students. Test at the α=0.05
level of significance if the claimed value is too low. [NLJIET]
9 Random sample of specimens of coal from two mines A and B are drawn and their heat 7
producing capacity (in millions of calories per ton) were measured yielding the following
results.
Mine A 8260 8130 8350 8070 8340
Mine B 7950 7890 7900 8140 7920 7840
Use the 5% level of significance to test whether the difference between the means of these
two sample is significant. [NLJIET]
10 A political party claims that 45% of the voters in an election district prefer its candidate. A 5
sample of 200 voters include 80 who prefer this candidate. Test if the claims is valid at the
5% significance level. [NLJIET]
11 The mean of two large samples of sizes 1000 and 2000 are 67.5 and 68.0, respectively. Test 5
the equality of the two populations each with standard deviation 2.5. (consider level of
significance 5%) [NLJIET]
12 A company claims that alloying reduces resistance of electric wire by more than 0.050 5
ohm. To test this claims samples of 32 standard wire and alloyed wire are tested yielding
the following results.
Type of wire Mean Resistance (ohms) S.D (s) (ohms)
Standard 0.136 0.004
Alloyed 0.083 0.005
At the 0.05 level of significance, does this support the claim? [NLJIET]
13 A machine is designed to produce insulating washers for electrical devices of average 5
thickness of 0.025cm. A random sample of 10 washers was found to have an average
thickness of 0.024 cm with S.D. of 0.002 cm. Test the significance of the deviation. (Value
of t for 9 degrees of freedom at 5% level of significance is 2.262) [NLJIET]
14 Ten individuals were chosen at random from a normal population and their heights were 5
found to be in inches as 63,63,66,67,68,69,70,70,71 and 71. Test the hypothesis that the
mean height of the population is 66 inches. (Take level of significance 0.05) [NLJIET]
15 The Correlation coefficient between income and food expenditure for sample of 7 household 5
from a low income group is 0.9. Using 1% level of significance, test whether the correlation
coefficient between income and food expenditure is positive. Assume that the population of
both variables are normally distributed. [NLJIET]
16 The article “A Thin-Film Oxygen Uptake Test for the Evaluation of Automotive Crankcase 4
Lubricants” reported the following data on oxidation-induction time (min) for various
commercial oils:87, 103, 130, 160, 180, 195, 132, 145, 211, 105, 145, 153, 152, 138, 87,
99, 93, 119, 129
(i) Calculate the sample variance and standard deviation.
(ii) If the observations were re-expressed in hours, what would be the resulting values of
the sample variance and sample standard deviation? (Nov-2019-NEW) [NLJIET]
17 A sample of 20 items has mean 42 units and standard deviation 5 units. Test the hypothesis 3
that it is a random sample from a normal population with mean 45 units. [t at 5% level for
19 d.f. is 2.09] (Nov-2019-NEW) [NLJIET]
18 Each sample of water has a 10% chance of containing a particular organic pollutant. Assume 3
that the samples are independent with regard to the presence of the pollutant. Find the
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 New L J Institute of Engineering and Technology Semester: III (2021)

probability that in the next 18 samples, at least 4 samples contain the pollutant.
(Nov-2019-NEW) [NLJIET]
19 Samples of sizes 10 and 14 were taken from two normal populations with standard deviation 3
3.5 and 5.2. The sample means were found to be 20.3 and 18.6. Test whether the means of
the two populations are the same at 5% level. [t0.05=2.0739]. (Nov-2019-NEW) [NLJIET]
20 Two independent samples of 8 and 7 items respectively had the following values of the 4
variable (weight in kg):
Sample I 9 11 13 11 15 9 12 14
Sample II: 10 12 10 14 9 8 10
Do the two estimates of population variance differ significantly? Given that for (7,6) d.f.
the value of F at 5% level of significance is 4.20 nearly. (Nov-2019-NEW) [NLJIET]
21 Records taken of the number of male and female births in 830 families having four 7
children are as follows:
Number of male births 0 1 2 3 4
Number of female births 4 3 2 1 0
Number of families 32 178 290 236 94
Test whether the data are consistent with the hypothesis that the Binomial law holds and the
chance of male birth is equal to that of female birth, namely p = q = 1/2. [Chi-Square at 5%
level of significance for 4 df is 9.49] (Nov-2019-NEW) [NLJIET]
22 Two samples of size 9 and 8 give the sum of squares of deviations from their respective 3
means equal 160 inches and 91 inches square respectively. Can they be regarded as drawn
from two normal populations with the same variance? (F for 8 and 7 d.f. = 3.73) (Nov-2019-
NEW) [NLJIET]
23 A die is thrown 276 times and the results of these throws are given below: 4
Number appeared on the die 1 2 3 4 5 6
Frequency 40 32 29 59 57 59
Test whether the die is biased or not. [ Chi-Square at 5% level of significance for 5 df is
11.09] (Nov-2019-NEW) [NLJIET]
24 The following figures refer to observations in live independent samples: 7
Sample I 25 30 28 34 24 20 13 32 22 38
Sample II: 40 34 22 20 31 40 30 23 36 17
Analyse whether the samples have been drawn from the population of equal means. [t at 5%
level of significance for 18 d.f is 2.1] Test whether the means of two population are same at
5% level (t at 0.05=2.0739) (Nov-2019-NEW) [NLJIET]
25 A stenographer claims that she can type at the rate of 120 words per minute. She 4
demonstrated, on the basis of 100 trials, an average speed of 116 words with a standard
deviation of 15 words. Does this enable us to reject the null hypothesis 𝜇=120 against the
alternative hypothesis 𝜇<120 at the 0.05 level of significance? (Mar-2021-NEW)
[NLJIET]
26 The arithmetic means of runs scored by three batsmen A, B and C, in the same series of 10 3
innings, are 50, 48 and 12 respectively. The standard deviations of their runs are 15, 12 and
2 respectively. Who is the most consistent of the three? (Mar-2021-NEW) [NLJIET]
27 In a study of automobile collision insurance costs, a random sample of 80 body repair costs 3
for a particular kind of damage had a mean of 33065 𝑅𝑠. and a standard deviation of 4364
𝑅𝑠. If 𝑥̅=33065 𝑅𝑠. is used as a point estimate of the true average repair cost of this kind of
damage, with what confidence can one assert that the error does not exceed 700 𝑅𝑠.? (Mar-
2021-NEW) [NLJIET]
28 The dean of a college wants to use the mean of a random sample to estimate the average 3
amount of time students take to get from one class to the next, and she wants to be able to
assert with 99 % confidence that the error is at most 0.25 minute. If it can be presumed from
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 New L J Institute of Engineering and Technology Semester: III (2021)

experience that 𝜎=1.40 minutes, how large a sample will she have to take? (Mar-2021-
NEW) [NLJIET]
29 A random sample from a company’s very extensive files shows that orders for a certain 7
piece of machinery were filled, respectively, in 10,12,19,14,15,18,11 and 13 days. Use the
level of significance 𝛼=0.01 to test the claim that on average such orders are filled in 10.5
days. Choose the alternative hypothesis so that rejection of the null hypothesis 𝜇=10.5
implies that it takes longer than indicated. Assume normality. (Mar-2021-NEW) [NLJIET]
30 If 57 out of 150 patients suffering from certain disease are cured by allopathy and 33 out of 4
100 patients with the same disease are cured by homeopathy, is there reason to believe that
allopathy is better than homeopathy at 0.05 level of significance? (Oct-2020-NEW)
[NLJIET]
31 A courier service advertises that its average delivery time is less than 5 hours for local 4
deliveries. A random sample of 10 for the amount of time this courier service takes to deliver
packages to an addressee across town produced the following times: 8, 3, 4, 7, 10, 5, 6, 4,
5, 8. Is this evidence support the claim of the courier service at 5 % level of significance?
(Oct-2020-NEW) [NLJIET]
32 Twenty people were attacked by a disease and only 18 survived. Will you reject the 4
hypothesis that the survival rate if attacked by this disease is 85 % in favour of the
hypothesis that it is more at 5 % level. (Oct-2020-NEW) [NLJIET]
33 The mean life of a random sample of 10 light bulbs was found to be 1456 hours with a 3
standard deviation of 423 hours. A second sample of 17 bulbs chosen at random from a
different batch showed a mean life of 1280 hours with a standard deviation of 398 hours. Is
the difference between the mean life of the two batches significant at 5 % level of
significance? (Oct-2020-NEW) [NLJIET]
34 The manager of a theatre complex with four theaters wanted to see whether there was 4
difference in popularity of the four movies currently showing for Saturday afternoon with
the following results: 86, 77, 84, 81 custormers viewed movies 1, 2, 3, and 4 respectively.
Complete the test to see whether there is a difference at the 5 % level of significance. (Oct-
2020-NEW) [NLJIET]

CHAPTER NO- 5: CURVE FITTING BY THE

NUMERICAL METHODS
TOPIC:1 Fitting of Curves
SHORT QUESTIONS
1 Write the normal equations to fit straight line. [NLJIET] 1
2 What is the order of polynomial of the curve 𝑦 = 𝑓(𝑥) passing through the points (1, −3), 1
(3, 9), (4,30) and (6, 139) [NLJIET]
3 Write the normal equations for the straight line 𝑦 = 𝑎𝑏 𝑥 . [NLJIET] 1
4 Write the normal equations for the curve 𝑦 = 𝑎 + 𝑏𝑥 + 𝑐𝑥 2 . [NLJIET] 1
5 Write the normal equations for the curve 𝑦 = 𝑎 + 𝑏𝑥 2 . [NLJIET] 1
6 Write the normal equations for the straight line 𝑦 = 𝑎𝑒 𝑏𝑥 . [NLJIET] 1
7 Write the normal equations for the straight line 𝑥 = 𝑎 + 𝑏𝑦. [NLJIET] 1
8 What is meant by the curve of best fit? [NLJIET] 1
DESCRIPTIVE QUESTIONS
1 Fit a second degree polynomial using least square method to data given below (May-2015- 7
OLD) (May-2018-OLD) [NLJIET]
x 0 1 2 3 4
Y 1 1.8 1.3 2.5 6.3

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 New L J Institute of Engineering and Technology Semester: III (2021)

2 Develop a C program to fit regression line x on y through set of points using method of 7
least squares. (May-2015-OLD) [NLJIET]
3 Find the least squares approximations of second degree for the following data. (Dec-2015- 4
OLD) [NLJIET]
x -2 -1 0 1 2
y = f (x) 15 1 1 3 19
4 Fit a second degree parabola y = ax2 + bx + c in least square sense for the following 7
data: [NLJIET]
x 1 2 3 4 5
y 10 12 13 16 19
5 From the following data obtain the two regression lines and the correlation coefficients. 7
(Jun-2016-OLD) [NLJIET]
x 100 98 78 85 110 93 80
y 85 90 70 72 95 81 74
6 Write an algorithm to fit a straight line using least square method. (Jun-2016-OLD) 3
[NLJIET]
Write an algorithm to fit a straight line using least square method.( Nov-2016-OLD) 4
[NLJIET]
7 Fit a polynomial of degree two using least square method for the following experimental 7
data. Also estimate y(2.4). (Jun-2016-OLD) [NLJIET]
x 1 2 3 4 5
y 5 12 26 60 97
8 By using least squares method fit a second degree polynomial for the following 7
data:(Nov-2016-N-OLD [NLJIET]
x -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3
y 12 4 1 2 7 15 30
4
By using least squares method fit a second degree polynomial for the following data:
(Dec-2018-OLD) [NLJIET]
x -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3
y 12 4 1 2 7 15 30
9 2
Fit a second degree parabola y = a + bx + cx to the following data: (Jun-2017-OLD) 7
[NLJIET]
x 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5 3.0 3.5 4.0
10 Find a regression line X on Y from the following table: (Nov-2016-N-OLD) [NLJIET] 7
X 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
Y 10 12 16 28 25 36 41 49 40 50
11 Fit a straight line to the following data: (Nov-2017-OLD) [NLJIET] 4
x 0 1 2 3 4
Y 1 1.8 3.3 4.5 6.3
12 Fit a second degree parabola to the following data: (Nov-2017-OLD) [NLJIET] 7
x 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5 3.0 3.5 4.0
y 1.1 1.3 1.6 2.0 2.7 3.4 4.1
13 Develop a C program to fit regression line of y on x through given set of points using the 3
least square method. (Dec-2018-OLD) [NLJIET]
14 Fit the curve 𝑦 = 𝑎𝑒 𝑏𝑥 to the following data using least square technique. (May-2019- 7
0LD) [NLJIET]
x 1 2 3 4 5
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 New L J Institute of Engineering and Technology Semester: III (2021)

y 7 11 17 27 43
15 Fit a straight line for the data. [NLJIET] 3
𝑦 12 15 21 25
𝑥 50 70 100 120
16 If 𝑃 is the pull required to lift a load 𝑊 by means of a pulley block, find a linear 3
approximation of the form 𝑃 = 𝑚𝑊 + 𝑐 connecting 𝑃 and 𝑊, using the following data:
𝑃 13 18 23 27
𝑊 51 75 102 119
Where 𝑃 and 𝑊 are taken in 𝑘𝑔. 𝑤𝑡. [NLJIET]
17 The arithmetic means of runs scored by three batsmen A, B and C, in the same series of 10 3
innings, are 50, 48 and 12 respectively. The standard deviations of their runs are 15, 12 and
2 respectively. Who is the most consistent of the three? (Mar-2021-NEW) [NLJIET]
18 Fit a parabola 𝑦=𝑎+𝑏𝑥+𝑐𝑥2 to the following data: (Mar-2021-NEW) [NLJIET] 7
X 1 2 3 5 6
Y 1.1 5.8 17.5 55.9 86.7
19 Fit a parabola y = a + bx + cx2 to the following data: (Oct-2020-NEW) [NLJIET] 3
x 0 1 2 3 4
y 1 4 10 17 30
20 The following show the gain in reading speed of 3 students in a speed-reading program, and 7
the number of weeks they have been in the program:
No. of weeks 3 5 2 8 6 9 3 4
Speed gain 86 118 49 193 164 232 73 109
Fit a straight line by the method of least squares. (Oct-2020-NEW) [NLJIET]
21 The following are the data on the drying time of a certain varnish and the amount of an 7
additive that is intended to reduce the drying time?
Amountof varnish 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
additive(grams)”x”
Drying time(hr) “y” 12.0 10.5 10.0 8.0 7.0 8.0 7.5 8.5 9.0
(i) Fit a second degree polynomial by the method of least square.
Use the result of (i) to predict the drying time of the varnish when 6.5 gms of the additive
is being used. (Nov-2019-NEW) [NLJIET]

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 New L J Institute of Engineering and Technology Semester: III(2021)

Subject Name: Digital Fundamentals

Subject Code: 3130704
Faculties: Misba Shaikh, Farnazbanu Patel, Dhara Kansara
Sr. MODULE 1: FUNDAMENTALS OF DIGITAL SYSTEMS Marks
No
AND LOGIC FAMILIES
TOPIC:1 : Digital signals, digital circuits, AND, OR, NOT, NAND, NOR
and Exclusive-OR operations
SHORT QUESTIONS (1 Mark) / MCQ / True-False/Fill in the blanks
1 Which gates are called as universal gates? What are its advantages? 01
(May’16 NEW) [NLJIET]
Answer: NAND , NOR gates . Because we can construct all gates using them.
2 Do as directed :Find the logic required at R input. (May’15 NEW) [NLJIET] Answer : 01
R=1

3 Bubbled OR is also called _______________.(Dec’15 NEW) [NLJIET] Answer : NAND 01

4 Which gates are also known as controlled NOT gate? (Dec’15 NEW) [NLJIET] 01
Answer : XOR,XNOR
5 Define the following terms: Universal gate (Nov’13 OLD) [NLJIET] 01
6 Select the most appropriate option(Dec’14 NEW) [NLJIET] 03
(01
(i) If a 3-input NOR gate has eight input possibilities, how many of those possibilities Marks
will result in a high output? Each)
(A) 1 (B) 2 (C) 7 (D) 8
Answer : (C)
(ii) If a signal passing through a gate is inhibited by sending a LOW into one of the inputs,
and the output is HIGH, the gate is a(n):
(A) AND (B) NAND (C) NOR (D) OR
Answer : (B)

(iii) When used with an IC, what does the term “QUAD” indicate?
(A) 2 circuits (B) 4 circuits (C) 6 circuits (D) 8 circuits
Answer : (B)
7 Bubbled OR gate is also called_______ (Jan’17 NEW) [NLJIET] Answer : NAND 01
8 Design a NOT gate using a two input Ex-OR gate (Jan’17 NEW) [NLJIET] 01
Answer : NOT gate is designed by connecting any one input terminal to ‘1’ or ‘Vcc’ of
Ex-OR gate
9 The output of a ____ gate is only 1 when all of its inputs are 1 (June’17 NEW) [NLJIET] 01
(a) NOR (b) XOR (c) AND (d) NOT Answer : (c)
10 Which gate equivalent is to bubbled OR gate? (June’17 NEW) [NLJIET] 01
(a) AND (b) XOR (c) NOT (d) NAND Answer : (d)
11 A NOT gate has… (June’17 NEW) [NLJIET] 01
(a) Two inputs and one output (b) One input and one output
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 New L J Institute of Engineering and Technology Semester: III(2021)

(c) One input and two outputs (d) none of above

Answer : (b)
DESCRIPTIVE QUESTIONS
1 Answer the following (May’11 OLD) [NLJIET] 02
Draw symbol and construct the truth table for three input Ex-OR gate
2 Implement Boolean expression for Ex-OR gate using NAND gates only 04
(May’11 OLD) [NLJIET]
3 Discuss NAND gate as universal gate (implement NOT, AND OR & NOR gate using 04
NAND gate). (May’15 NEW) [NLJIET]

4 Given Boolean function(May’12 OLD) [NLJIET] 05

F = xy + x’y’ + y’z
1. Implement it with only OR & NOT gates
2.Implement it with only AND & NOT gates
5 Answer the following questions (Dec’14 OLD) [NLJIET] 05
1. Find out Y, if B=1 and A=Square wave

2. explain SSI, MSI, LSI and VLSI

6 Define: Integrated Circuit and briefly explain SSI, MSI, LSI and VLSI 07
(March’10 OLD) [NLJIET]
7 Draw symbol and truth table for four input EX-OR gate. Explain NAND and NOR as an 06
universal gate.(Dec’11 OLD) [NLJIET]
8 Draw the logic diagrams of NAND & NOR gates & explain why they are called as universal 07
gates.(Dec’15 OLD) [NLJIET]
9 Draw and explain two input (i) AND (ii) OR and (iii) EX-OR gates. 07
(June’15 OLD) [NLJIET]
10 (1) Draw the logic circuit for following using only NAND gates: 07
(Nov’13 OLD) [NLJIET]
F = ABC+A’B+AC’D’
(2) Draw the logic circuit for following using only NOR gates:
F = ABC’ + AB(C+D)
11 Implement the Boolean functions. (a) xyz+x’y+xyz’ (b) (A+B)’(A’+B’)’ and 07
(c) F= xy+xy’+y’z with logic gates. (May’13 OLD) [NLJIET]
12 Show that 07
Also construct the corresponding logic diagrams.(May’16 NEW) [NLJIET]
13 1. Explain NAND and NOR as an universal gates.(May’11 OLD) [NLJIET] 04
2. Explain with figures how NAND gate and NOR gate can be used as Universal gate. 07
(Dec’10 OLD) [NLJIET]
3. Justify the statement: “NAND and NOR gates are universal gates.” 07
(Jan’17 OLD) [NLJIET] 07
4. Explain how NAND and NOR gates can be utilized as universal gates to implement
all the basic gates .(NOV’17 OLD) [NLJIET]
14 Draw the logic symbol and construct the truth table for each of the following gates. 07
(March’10 OLD) [NLJIET]
[1] Two input NAND gate [2] Three input OR gate
[3] Three input EX-NOR gate [4] NOT gate

15 1. Explain with neat logic diagram and truth table the functioning of basic logic gates. 07
(Jan’17 OLD) [NLJIET]
2. With neat logical diagram and truth table explain all the basic gates including NAND, 07
NOR, EX-OR, EX-NOR gate(Nov’17 OLD) [NLJIET]
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 New L J Institute of Engineering and Technology Semester: III(2021)

16 1. Discuss Universal gates. Obtain AND, OR gate using NAND and NOR gates. 07
(Nov’17 NEW) [NLJIET]
2. Implement AND, OR, & EX-OR gates using NAND & NOR gates. 07
(Dec’19 NEW) [NLJIET]
17 Implement NOT, AND, & OR gates using NAND gates only.(May’18 NEW) [NLJIET] 03
18 Generate AND, OR, NOT, EXOR and EX-NOR gate using NAND as a universal gate. 07
(June’19 NEW) [NLJIET]
19 Realize AND, OR and NOT gate using NAND gates only.(March’21 NEW)[NLJIET] 03
20 List out three basic logic operations. Realize these operations using NOR gates only. 04
(Nov’20 NEW) [NLJIET]
TOPIC:2 :
Boolean Algebra, examples of IC gates
SHORT QUESTIONS (1 Mark) / MCQ / True-False/Fill in the blanks
1 State the associative property of Boolean algebra (May’16 NEW) [NLJIET] 01
Answer : (A*B)*C = A*(B*C) , (A+B)+C = A+(B+C)
2 Write D’Morgan’s Theorems (Dec’14 NEW) [NLJIET] 01
Answer : (A B )’ = A’ + B’ , (A+B)’ = A’ B’
3 State the distributive property of Boolean algebra (Jan’17 NEW) [NLJIET] 01
Answer : A(B+C) = AB + AC , A+BC = (A+B) (A+C)
DESCRIPTIVE QUESTIONS
1 Answer the following:What is the principle of Duality Theorem? 02
(May’11 OLD) [NLJIET]
2 Reduce the expression F = ((AB)’+A’+AB)’ (May’16 NEW) [NLJIET] 03
3 Demonstrate by means of truth tables the validity of the following Theorems of Boolean 3.5
algebra: - The Distributive law of + over. (Dec’9 OLD) [NLJIET]
4 Reduce following Boolean function and then realize the reduced one using NOR gate only. 04
X = A (B'+C') (A+D) (Dec’15 NEW) [NLJIET]
5 Minimize the following Boolean expressions. (Dec’15 NEW) [NLJIET] 04
1. X = ( (A'B'C')' + (A'B)' )'
2. Y = AB + ABC' + A'BC + A'BC'
6 1. Demonstrate by means of truth tables the validity of the following Theorems of Boolean 3.5
algebra : De Morgan’s theorems for three variables (Dec’9 OLD) [NLJIET]
2. State and Prove D’Morgan Theorem for three variables (June’17 NEW) [NLJIET] 3.5
7 1. State De-Morgan’s theorems and prove with the help of truth table. 04
(May’15 NEW) [NLJIET] 04
2.State and Prove D’Morgan Theorem using truth-tables (March’21 NEW) [NLJIET]
3. State and prove De-Morgan’s Theorems with the help of Truth tables. 07
(Nov’13 OLD) [NLJIET]
4. State and explain De Morgan’s theorems with truth tables (May’16 NEW) [NLJIET] 04
8 1. State & explain Demorgan’s theorem (Dec’15 OLD) [NLJIET] 07
2.State and Prove D’Morgan Theorem (June’17 NEW)(Nov’17 NEW) [NLJIET] 02,04
3. State and prove DeMorgan Theorem.(Dec’18 NEW) [NLJIET] 03
9 Prove the following Boolean identities.(Dec’14 NEW) [NLJIET] 07
(i) XY + YZ + Y’ Z = XY + Z (ii) A .B + A’. B + A’. B’ = A’ + B
10 Prove that (i) A[B+C(AB+AC)’] = AB (ii) AB’ (C+BD) + A’ B’= B’C 08
(Dec’15 OLD) [NLJIET]
11 Simplify using Boolean laws and draw the logic diagram for the given expression. 07
F = (ABC)’ + (AB)’ C + A’ B C’ + A (BC)’ + A B’ C (Dec’14 NEW) [NLJIET]
12 Simplify 08
1. A’B + A’BC’ + A’BCD + A’BC’D’E 2. (P+Q+R) (P’+ Q’+ R’) P
(May’14 OLD) [NLJIET]
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 New L J Institute of Engineering and Technology Semester: III(2021)

13 Prove that: 07
1. ((A’B+ABC)’ + A (B+AB’))’ = 0 2. AB’C + A’BC + ABC = AC + AB
(May’14 OLD) [NLJIET]
14 Simplify the following Boolean function to minimum numbers of literals. 07
(a) xyz+x’y+xyz’ and (b) (A+B)’(A’+B’)’ (May’13 OLD) [NLJIET]
15 Obtain the truth table of the function F=xy+xy’+y’z OR Implement the Boolean 07
functions.(May’13 OLD) [NLJIET]
16 Show that the dual of the exclusive-OR is equal to its compliment. 07
(May’13 OLD) [NLJIET]
17 Find the complement of the following Boolean function and reduce to a minimum number 07
of literals. B’D + A’BC’ + ACD + A’BC (Jan’13 OLD) [NLJIET]
18 List out and explain the most common postulates used to formulate various algebraic 07
structures. (June’16 OLD) [NLJIET]
19 Reduce the expression: 07
(1) A+B(AC+(B+C’)D) (2) (A+(BC)’)’(AB’+ABC) (Dec’10 OLD) [NLJIET]
20 Explain error detecting & correcting codes with the help of a suitable example. 07
(Dec’15 OLD) [NLJIET]
21 Show that (A + C) (A + D) (B + C) (B + D) = AB + CD (Jan’17 NEW) [NLJIET] 03
22 Simplify Using Boolean laws and draw the logic diagram for the simplified expression. 04
F = (ABC)’+(AB)’C+A’BC’+A(BC)’+AB’C (June’17 NEW) [NLJIET]
23 Show that AB’C + B + BD’+ ABD’ +A’C = B+C.(Nov’17 NEW) [NLJIET] 03
24 1. State & prove De Morgan’s theorems with the help of truth tables. 04
(May’18 NEW) [NLJIET] 04,04
2. State and explain De Morgan’s theorems with truth tables.
(June’19 NEW) (Dec’19 NEW) [NLJIET]
20 Implement the following Boolean functions(Dec’9 OLD) [NLJIET] 07
(i) F= A (B +CD) +BC’ with NOR gates (ii) F= (A + B’) (CD + E) with NAND gates
21 Simplify the Boolean function, F= A’B’C’+B’CD’+A’BCD’+AB’C’. 07
(June’16 OLD) [NLJIET]
22 Simplify the Boolean function, F=Σ(0,1,2,5,8,9,10). (June’16 OLD) [NLJIET] 07
23 Simplify the Boolean function, F= A’C+A’B+AB’C+BC. (June’16 OLD) [NLJIET] 07
24 Simplify the following Boolean functions to a minimum numbers of literals. 04
(Dec’18 NEW) [NLJIET]
1. x + x’y 2. x (x’+y) 3. x’y’z + x’yz + xy’ 4. xy + x’z +yz
25 i. Using laws of Boolean algebra prove that 07
AB + BC + A'C = AB + A'C.
ii. Minimize the logic function X = A(B' + C')(A + D).
Also realize the reduced function using NOR gates only.(May’18 NEW) [NLJIET]
26 Simply Boolean Function : F=A'B'C+A'BC+AB'.(June’19 NEW) [NLJIET] 03
27 Find the Boolean Equation for following circuit and simplified Boolean equation. 04
(June’19 NEW) [NLJIET]

28 Reduce the expression F = A [ B + C’ (AB + AC’)’].(Dec’19 NEW) [NLJIET] 04

29 Simplify the Boolean function F = A’B’C’ + B’CD’ + A’BCD’ + AB’C’ 03
(Dec’19 NEW) [NLJIET]
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 New L J Institute of Engineering and Technology Semester: III(2021)

30 Prove following using the Boolean algebraic theorems: 03

1. A + A’B + AB’ = A + B
2. AB + A’B + A’B’ = A’ + B (Nov’20 NEW) [NLJIET]
31 List out various methods of simplifying a given Boolean function. Solve F = AB + AB’ 03
using any two methods. (Nov’20 NEW) [NLJIET]
TOPIC:3 : Number systems-binary, signed binary, octal hexadecimal
number, binary arithmetic, one’s and two’s complements arithmetic,
codes, error detecting and correcting codes
SHORT QUESTIONS (1 Mark) / MCQ / True-False/Fill in the blanks
1 Define Nibble. (May’16 NEW) [NLJIET] 01
2 Convert decimal number (43)10 to binary. (Dec’15 NEW) [NLJIET] Answer : (101011)2 01
3 Convert octal number (234)8 to hexadecimal. (Dec’15 NEW) [NLJIET] Answer : (9C)16 01
4 Do as directed : (May’16 NEW) [NLJIET] 03
I. Given that (16)10 = (100)x, find the value of x. Answer : 4 (01
II. Add (6E)16 and (C5)16 Answer : (133)16 Marks
III. (4433)5 = ( )10 = ( )2 Answer : (1118)10 , (10001011110)2 Each)
5 Do as Directed : (Dec’19 NEW) [NLJIET] 03
1. Given that (16)10 = (100)x. Find the value of x. (01
2. Add (6E)16 and (C5)16. Marks
3. (1011011101101110)2 = (_____)8 = (_____)16. Each)
6 Select the most appropriate option(Dec’14 NEW) [NLJIET] 03
(01
(2) Convert the decimal number 187 to 8-bit binary. Marks
(A) 101110112 (B) 110111012 (C) 101111012 (D) 101111002 Answer : (A) Each)

(ii)Convert the binary number 1001.00102 to decimal.

(A) 90.125 (B) 9.125 (C) 125 (D) 12.5 Answer : (B)

(2) The 2’s complement of the number 1101110 is

(A) 0010001. (C) 0010010. (C) 0000000 (D) None.Answer : (B)
7 Do as directed : (May’16 NEW) [NLJIET] 04
I. (1011011101101110)2 = ( )16 Answer : (B76E)16 (01
II. Subtract (45)8 from (66)8 Answer : (21)8 Marks
III. Covert the Gray code 1101 to binary Answer : (1001)2 Each)
IV. Find the XS-3 code of 37 Answer : (01101010)XS3
8 (56)16 = (?)10(Jan’17 NEW) [NLJIET] Answer : (86)10 01
9 (32)10 = (?)2 (Jan’17 NEW) [NLJIET] Answer : (100000)2 01
10 The digit F in Hexadecimal system is equivalent to —— in decimal system 01
(a)16 (b)15 (c)17 (d) 8 (June’17 NEW) [NLJIET] Answer : (b)
11 (734)8 = ( )16 (June’17 NEW) [NLJIET] 01
(a) C1D (b) DC1 (c) 1CD (d) 1DC Answer : (d)
12 1 Kb corresponds to _______ (June’17 NEW) [NLJIET] 01
(a) 1024 bits (b) 1000 bytes (c)210 bytes (d) 210 bits Answer : (a)
13 Define: Digital System(March’10 OLD) [NLJIET] 01
14 Convert the following numbers to decimal(Dec’9 OLD) [NLJIET] 07
(i) (1001.101)2 Answer : (17.625)10 (ii) (101011.11101)2 Answer : (43.90625)10 (01
(iii) (0.365)8 Answer : (0.47851563)10 (iv) A3E5 Answer : (41957)10 Marks
(v) CDA4 Answer : (52644)10 (vi) (11101.001)2 Answer : (29.125)10 Each)
(vii) B2D4 Answer : (126)10
15 Do as directed (Jan’17 OLD) [NLJIET] 07
(i) (645.65625)10 = ( )2 Answer : (1000000000.10101)2
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 New L J Institute of Engineering and Technology Semester: III(2021)

(ii) (FACE.25)16 = ( )10 Answer : (64206.14453125)10 (01

(iii) (11011)Gray = ( )10 Answer : (18)10 Marks
(2) Subtract (45)10 from (93)10 using 1’s Complement Method Answer : (48)10 Each)
(v) (ABC.555)16 = ( )8 Answer : (5274.2525)8
(vi) (2493)10 = ( )Excess-3 CodeAnswer : (0101011111000110) Excess-3 Code
(vii) (1525)10 = ( ) Gray codeAnswer : (11100001111) Gray code
16 Do as directed. (Jun’19 New) [NLJIET] 07
i. Find 8 bit representation of (-1)10=(_________)2 (01
ii. Find A+A'B =__________. Marks
iii. _____ and _______ can work as universal gates. Each)
iv. Define term: Propagation Delay
v. By keeping one input HIGH, NAND gate can work as Inverter to second input.
(T/F)
vi. Convert (FFFF)16=(________)10.
vii. Convert (125.625)10=(________)2.
17 Convert the following nos (Nov’17 New) [NLJIET] 04
(i) (52)10 = ( )2 Answer : (110100)2 (01
(ii) (436)8 = ( )16 Answer : (8F0)16 Marks
(iii) (5C7)16 = ( )10 Answer : (1479)10 Each)
(iv) (11011.101)2 = ( )10 Answer : (27.625)10
18 Do as directed: (March’21 New) [NLJIET] 07
(a) (1111.11)2 = ( ? )8 = ( ? )10 (1.75
(b) 23 – 48 using 2’s complement method Marks
(c) (396)10 = ( ? )BCD = ( ? ) EX-3 Each)
(d) (11111)2 = ( ? )Gray
19 Convert following Hexadecimal Number to Decimal : B28, FFF, F28 03
(March’10 OLD) [NLJIET]
20 Convert following Octal Number to Hexadecimal and Binary: 414, 574, 725.25 03
(March’10 OLD) [NLJIET]
DESCRIPTIVE QUESTIONS
1 Add the two numbers (A3E5)16 + ( CDA4)16 (Dec’14 OLD ) [NLJIET] 02
2 Convert decimal number (0.252)10 to binary with an error less than 1 %. 03
(Dec’15 NEW) [NLJIET]
3 Perform addition in BCD format (79)BCD + (16)BCD(May’15 NEW) [NLJIET] 03
4 Perform subtraction of (78)10 – (58)10 using 2’s complement addition method. 03
(May’15 NEW) [NLJIET]
5 1.Represent the decimal number 8620 in BCD, Excess-3, and Gray code 03
(Dec’11 OLD) [NLJIET]
2.Convert decimal 8620 into BCD, excess-3 and Gray code.(May’11 OLD) [NLJIET] 03
6 Convert (96)10 to its equivalent Gray code and EX-3 code.(May’15 NEW) [NLJIET] 04
7 What are the different types of the codes used in digital systems? Explain them. 04
(May’16 NEW) [NLJIET]
8 Do as directed(May’15 NEW) [NLJIET]
(1) (i) Convert (75)10 = (____________)2 (ii) Convert (101011)2 = (_____)10 02
(2) Convert (10101101)2 = (_____)16 = (______)8 02
(3) What is self-complementing code? Represent (472)10 in 2421 self-complementing 02
Code
9 Convert the following Hexadecimal numbers to Octal. (Dec’15 OLD) [NLJIET] 06
(a) 4F7.A8 (b) BC70.OE (c) 42FD
10 Convert following 1. (4E7.2)16 = (?)8 2. (521.3)8 = (?)2 (May’14 OLD) [NLJIET] 06
11 Convert the decimal number 225.225 to binary, octal and hexadecimal 06,03
(Dec’11 OLD)(May’11 OLD) [NLJIET]
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12 Convert following numbers.(June’15 OLD) [NLJIET] 07

(a)(4021.2)5 = ( )10. (b) (B65F)16= ( ) 10. (c) (630.4)8 = ( ) 10. (d) (41) 10 = ( ) (1.75
Marks
Each)
13 Explain r’s complement with example in detail.(June’16 OLD) [NLJIET] 07
14 Explain (r-1)’s complement with example in detail.(June’16 OLD) [NLJIET] 07
15 (i) Using 10’s complement, subtract : (72532-3250) 10(June’15 OLD) [NLJIET] 07
(ii) Using 10’s complement, subtract : (3250-72532) 10
(iii) Using 2’s complement, subtract : (1010100-1000100) 2
16 Explain error detection codes and the reflected code with examples. 07
(June’15 OLD) [NLJIET]
17 1. Do subtraction using 12-bit two’s complement addition method 07
27.125 – 79.625 (3.5
2. Do BCD addition for given numbers Marks
679.6 + 536.8 Each)
(Dec’14 OLD) [NLJIET]
18 Write a brief note on Gray codes. Also discuss methods for conversion from gray to 07
binary code and vice versa.(May’14 OLD) [NLJIET]
19 Convert the following numbers as directed:(Nov’13 OLD) [NLJIET] 07
(1) (130)10 = ( )2 (1.75
(2) (1011011)2 = ( )10 Marks
(3) (1011101111)2 = ( )8 Each)
(4) (110111011101111011)2 = ( )16
20 1.Convert the decimal number 250.5 to base 3, base 4, base 7 and base 16 07,07,14
(May’12 OLD)(May’13 OLD)(Jan’13 OLD) [NLJIET]
2.Convert the decimal number 250.5 to base 3, base 4, base 7 and base 8 07
(June’17 NEW) [NLJIET]
21 Perform the subtraction with the following decimal numbers using 1’s compliment and 2’s 07
compliments: (a) 11010-1101 , (b) 10010-10011(May’13 OLD) [NLJIET]
22 Explain Excess 3 code and 2421 code in detail. (June’16 OLD) [NLJIET] 07
23 Convert the following Numbers as directed : (Dec’10 OLD) [NLJIET] 07
(1) (52)10 =( )2 (2) (101001011)2 = ( )10 (1.75
(3) (11101110)2 =( )8 (4) (68)10 =( )16 Marks
Each)
24 Perform the operation of subtractions with the following binary number using 2’s 07
complement(Dec’9 OLD) [NLJIET]
(i) 10010 – 10011 (ii) 100 – 110000 (iii) 11010 – 10000
25 Find the 10’s complement of the following: (1) (935)11 (2) (6106)10 04
(Jan’17 NEW) [NLJIET]
26 Obtain the truth table of the function: F= xy + xyʹ + yʹz. (Jan’17 NEW) [NLJIET] 03
27 Convert 4BAC16 = ( )8 = ( )4 = ( )2 = ( )10. Show all steps of conversion 07
(May’17 OLD) [NLJIET]
28. Perform the operation of subtractions with the following binary number using 2’s 03
complement (11010)2 – (10000)2 (Nov’17 NEW)[NLJIET]
29 Do as Directed: (Nov’17 OLD) [NLJIET] 07
(i)(673.124)8 = ( )2 (ii) (4522.25)10 = ( )2 (iii) (FACE)16 = ( )10 (01
(iv) (10101010)2 = ( )8 = ( )16 (vi) (10101101)2 = ( )gray Marks
(v)Substract using 2’s complement method. (10010)2 – (10011)2 each)
(vii) (8620)10 = ( )BCD =( )2421

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 New L J Institute of Engineering and Technology Semester: III(2021)

30 Convert the following numbers form given base to the base indicates. (Dec’18 NEW) 03
[NLJIET]
1. (AEF2.B6)16 = (_______)2
2. (674.12)8 = (________)10
3. (110110.1011)2 = (________)16
31 Convert 1000 0110 (BCD) to decimal, binary & octal.(May’18 NEW) [NLJIET] 03
32 Convert 33.4510 to binary. Result should be accurate to within 0.0110. 04
(May’18 NEW) [NLJIET]
33 Represent following numbers in 8 Bit Binary representation: (i) (126)10 (ii) (79)10 03
(iii)(-128)10 (June’19 NEW)
34 Construct Hamming code for BCD 0110. Use even parity (March’21 NEW)[NLJIET] 04
35 Do as directed: 07
1. Express decimal number 60.875 into binary form. (3.5
2. One 8421 code word is transmitted in Hamming code with even parity checking. The Marks
received word is 0101000. Find out the correct code word and write decimal equivalent. Each)
(Nov’20 NEW) [NLJIET]
36 Explain Arithmetic addition and arithmetic subtraction. (May’12 OLD) [NLJIET] 04
TOPIC:3:
Characteristics of digital Ics, digital logic families, TTL, Schottky TTL
and CMOS logic, interfacing CMOS and TTL, Tri-state logic
SHORT QUESTIONS (1 Mark) / MCQ / True-False/Fill in the blanks
1 Define Fan-out. (Dec’15 NEW)(May’16 NEW) [NLJIET] 01,01
2 Which TTL logic gate is used for wired ANDing? (May’16 NEW) [NLJIET] 01
Answer :Open collector output
3 Select the most appropriate option(Dec’14 NEW) [NLJIET] 01
Which TTL logic gate is used for wired ANDing
(A) Open collector output (B) Totem Pole (C) Tri state output (D) ECL gates
Answer : (A)
4 Define the followings. Totem Pole output (Dec’14 NEW) [NLJIET] 01
5 Which circuit is used to eliminate chattering? (Dec’15 NEW) [NLJIET] 01
Answer : RC Low pass Filter or Shift register based debouncing switch
6 Define followings with respect to logic families.(May’15 NEW) [NLJIET] 04
(i) Fan in (01
(ii) Fan out Marks
(iii) Noise Margin Each)
(iv) Propagation delay
Define (i)Fan in (ii)Noise Margin (iii)Propagation delay.(Nov’17 NEW) [NLJIET] 03
Define: Noise margin , Propagation delay (May’11 OLD) [NLJIET] 02

7 1.Define the followings.(Dec’14 NEW) (May’16 NEW) [NLJIET] 04,04

(i)Propagation delay (ii) Fan in (iii) Noise Margin (iv) Negative Logic (01
Marks
Each)
2.Define the followings: (May’16 NEW) [NLJIET] 02
(i) Noise Margin (ii) Negative Logic

3.Define Negative Logic: (Jan’17 NEW) [NLJIET] 01

8 Explain briefly: propagation delay, fan out(Dec’11 OLD) (May’15 NEW) [NLJIET] 02,02

9 Which logic family is the fastest logic family? (Jan’17 NEW) [NLJIET] Answer : TTL 01
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 New L J Institute of Engineering and Technology Semester: III(2021)

10 Which logic family consumes the less power? (Jan’17 NEW) [NLJIET] 01
Answer : CMOS
11 Define: Fan in (Jan’17 NEW) [NLJIET] 01
12 Define: Noise Margin (Jan’17 NEW) [NLJIET] 01
13 The digital logic family which has minimum power dissipation is (June’17 NEW) 01
[NLJIET]
(a) TTL (b) RTL (c) DTL (d) CMOS Answer : (d)
14 Define the following terms (June’17 NEW) [NLJIET] 05
1. Positive Logic 2. Negative Logic 3. Fan In 4. Fan out 5. Noise Margin (01
Marks
Each)
15 Define following:(March’21 NEW) [NLJIET] 03
1. Figure of merit 2.Noise margin 3.Power dissipation. (01
Marks
Each)
DESCRIPTIVE QUESTIONS
1 1. Compare the following in every aspect. TTL and CMOS 3.5,03
(Dec’14 NEW)(Nov’17 NEW) [NLJIET]
2. Give comparison of TTL and CMOS family. (June’19 NEW) [NLJIET] 03
2 Explain two input CMOS NAND gate.(May’16 NEW) [NLJIET] 07
3 Compare TTL, ECL, & CMOS logic families. (Dec’15 NEW) (May’18 NEW) [NLJIET] 07,04

4 Define and explain (i) fan out (ii) power dissipation and (iii) Propagation delay 07
(June’15 OLD) [NLJIET]
5 1. Give comparison for TTL and CMOS family. 2. Implement basic gates using DTL 07
logic.
(Dec’14 OLD) [NLJIET]
6 What is positive and negative logic? Explain in detail. (June’16 OLD) [NLJIET] 07
7 Explain the digital IC Parameters.(Dec’14 OLD) [NLJIET] 07
1. Fan in, Fan out 2. Propagation Delay 3. Power Dissipation 4. Noise Margin
8 Describe briefly TTL fanin, fanout & noise margin with suitable sketches 07
(Dec’15 OLD) [NLJIET]
9 Give classification of logic families. Also list the characteristics of digital IC 03
(Jan’17 NEW) [NLJIET]
List out various logic families. Also list the characteristics of digital ICs. 03
(May’18 NEW) [NLJIET]
10 Explain wired logic with examples.(June’15 OLD) [NLJIET] 07
11 Discuss the advantages and disadvantages of TTL Logic Family. 03
(Dec’18 NEW) [NLJIET]
12 Give classification of Logic Families and compare CMOS and TTL families. 07
(March’10 OLD) [NLJIET]
13 Explain following terms w.r.t Digital Logic Family.(Dec’18 NEW) [NLJIET] 03
1. Fan-in 2.Noise Margin 3. Power Dissipation

MODULE 2: COMBINATIONAL DIGITAL CIRCUITS

TOPIC:1:
Standard representation for logic functions, K-map representation, and
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 New L J Institute of Engineering and Technology Semester: III(2021)

simplification of logic functions using K-map, minimization of logical

functions, Don’t care conditions, Q-M method of function realization.
SHORT QUESTIONS (1 Mark) / MCQ / True-False/Fill in the blanks
1 What are called Don’t care conditions? (May’16 NEW) [NLJIET] 01
Answer: Don’t care conditions for a function is an input-sequence (a series of bits) for
which the function output does not matter.
2 What is prime implicant? (May’16 NEW) [NLJIET] 01
Answer : The prime implicant is a group of minterms which can’t be combined with
any other groups.
3 Define: combinational logic circuit(Nov’13 OLD) [NLJIET] 01
4 Define the following terms: (1) Literal (2) Minterm (3) Maxterm 03
(Nov’13 OLD) [NLJIET] (01
Marks
Each)
5 Explain briefly: SOP & POS, minterm & maxterm, canonical form 03
(Dec’11 OLD) [NLJIET] (01
Marks
Each)
DESCRIPTIVE QUESTIONS
1 Express following Function in Product of Maxterms F(x,y,z)=( xy + z) (y + xz) 03
(May’12 OLD) [NLJIET]
2 Convert F(A, B, C) = BC + A into standard minterm form.(May’15 NEW) [NLJIET] 03
3 Answer the following(May’11 OLD) [NLJIET] 04
(i) Explain briefly: standard SOP and POS forms.
(ii) What are Minterms and Maxterms?
4 Reduce the expression F = ∑m(0,2,3,4,5,6) using K-map and implement using NAND gates 07
only. (May’16 NEW) [NLJIET]
5 Reduce the given function using K-map and implement the same using gates. F(A,B,C,D ) 07
= Σm (0,1,3,7,11,15) + Σd ( 2,4) (May’15 NEW) [NLJIET]
6 Minimize the following multiple output functions using K-Map (Dec’15 OLD) [NLJIET] 07
1. F1 = Σm=(0,2,6,10,11,12,13) + d(3,4,5,14,15)
(ii) F2 =πM(0,4,9,10,11,14,15)
7 Minimize following Boolean function using K-map & design the simplified function using 07
logic gates. F = Σ m(1, 2, 4, 6, 7, 11, 15) + Σ d(0, 3) (Dec’15 NEW) [NLJIET]
8 1. Express the Boolean function F=A+B’C a sum of minterms and in sum of max terms. 07
(June’15 OLD) [NLJIET]
2. Express the Boolean function F = AB + A’C in a product of maxterm. 04
(Nov’17 NEW) [NLJIET]
9 Simplify the Boolean function F(X, Y, Z) = ∑ (2, 4, 5, 6) using K – map. Explain groups. 07
(June’15 OLD) [NLJIET]
10 1.Minimize the following logic function using K-maps and realize using NAND and NOR 07
gates.F(A,B,C,D) =Σm(1,3,5,8,9,11,15) + d(2,13).(Dec’14 NEW) [NLJIET]
2.Minimize the following logic function using K-map: 03
F(A,B,C,D) = Σ m(1, 3, 5, 8, 9, 11, 15) + d(2,13) (Nov’20 NEW) [NLJIET]
11 Minimize the logic function F (A,B,C,D) = π M (1, 2, 3, 8, 9, 10, 11, 14) . d (7, 15) Use 07
Karnaugh map. Draw the logic circuit for simplified function using NOR gates only.
(Dec’14 NEW) [NLJIET]
12 1.Reduce using K-map Σ m (0, 2, 6, 10, 11, 12, 13) + d (4, 5, 14, 15) 07
(Dec’14 OLD) [NLJIET]
2.Minimize following Boolean function using K-map: 04
F(A,B,C,D) = Σ m(1, 3, 7, 11, 15) + d(0, 2, 5) (March’21 NEW) [NLJIET]
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 New L J Institute of Engineering and Technology Semester: III(2021)

13 Obtain the set of prime implicants for Σ m (0, 1, 6, 7, 8, 9, 13, 14, 15) 07
(Dec’14 OLD) [NLJIET]
14 Obtain the set of prime implicants for π M (2, 3, 8, 12, 13) . d (10, 14) 07
(Dec’14 OLD) [NLJIET]
15 Using K-map find the Boolean function and its complement for the following: F(A,B,C,D) 07
= ∑(1,2,3,4,6,8,9,10,11,12,14) (May’14 OLD) [NLJIET]
16 Derive Boolean function using Tabulation Method for the following: F(P,Q,R,S) = 07
∑(0,1,3,4,5,7,10,13,14,15) (May’14 OLD) [NLJIET]
17 Attempt following: (May’14 OLD) [NLJIET] 07
Convert into Sum-of-Minterms: A’ + B + CA
Convert into Product-of-Maxterms: A(A’+B)(C’)
18 1.Simplify the Boolean Function with Karnaugh map: (Nov’13 OLD) [NLJIET] 07
F(W,X,Y,Z) = ∑(0,1,2,4,5,6,8,9,12,13,14) and
F = A’B’C’ + B’CD’ +A’BCD’ +AB’C’
2.Simplify the Boolean function: (Dec’10 OLD)(Nov’17 OLD) [NLJIET] 07,07
F(w,x,y,z) = ∑(0,1,2,4,5,6,8,9,12,13,14) (2) F(w,x,y) = ∑(0,1,3,4,5,7)
3. Simplify the Boolean function: (Dec’10 OLD) [NLJIET] 07
(1) F = A’B’C’+B’CD’+A’BCD’+AB’C’
(2) F =A’B’D’+A’CD+A’BC
d=A’BC’D+ACD+AB’D’
Where “d” indicate Don’t care conditions.
4.Simplify the following Boolean function using K-Map.(May’12 OLD) [NLJIET] 04
F = A’B’C’+B’CD’+A’BCD’+AB’C’
19 1.Simply the Boolean Function: (Nov’13 OLD) [NLJIET] 07
F(W,X,Y,Z) = ∑(1,3,7,11,15) and the Don’t care conditions : d(W,X,Y,Z) = ∑(0,2,5)

2.Implement the functions F=∑(1,3,7,11,15) with don’t care conditions d= ∑(0,2,5) 07

Discuss the effect of don’t care conditions.(May’13 OLD) [NLJIET]

3.Simply the Boolean Function using K-map : F(W,X,Y,Z) = ∑(1, 3, 7, 11, 15) with don’t care
conditions d(W,X,Y,Z) = ∑(0, 2, 5) (May’11 OLD) [NLJIET] 04
20 1.Simplify the Boolean Function by using tabulation method: F = ∑(0,1,2,8,10,11,14,15) 07,07
(Nov’13 OLD)(Dec’11 OLD) [NLJIET]
2.Simplify the following Boolean function using tabulation Method and draw logic diagram
using NOR gates only F(w,x,y,z ) = ∑(0, 1, 2, 8, 10, 11, 14, 15) (May’11 07
OLD)[NLJIET]
21 Obtain the simplified expression in sum of product for the following Boolean functions. 07
F= ∑(0,1,4,5,10,11,12,14) and F= ∑(11,12,13,14,15).(May’13 OLD) [NLJIET]
22 Obtain the simplified expressions in sum of products using K-map: 07
x’z + w’xy’ + w(x’y+xy’)(Jan’13 OLD) [NLJIET]
23 1.Simplify the following Boolean function by means of the tabulation method: 07
F(A,B,C,D,E,F,G) = ∑ (20,28,38,39,52,60,102,103,127(Jan’13 OLD) [NLJIET]
2.Determine the Prime Implicants of following Boolean Function using Tabulation
Method. F(A,B,C,D,E,F,G) = ∑(20,28,38,39,52,60,102,103,127) 07
(May’12 OLD) [NLJIET]
24 Convert the following to other canonical form.(Dec’15 OLD)[NLJIET] 07
(i) F( x,y,z) = Σ( 1,3,7)
(ii) F( A,B,C,D) = π ( 0,1,2,3,4,6,12)
25 Discuss canonical and standard forms in detail. (June’16 OLD)[NLJIET] 07
26 1. Explain SOP and POS expression using suitable examples(March’10 OLD) [NLJIET] 07,07
2. Explain SoP Expressions. How do they differ from PoS ? (May’17 OLD) [NLJIET]

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27 Obtain the simplified expressions in sum of products for the following Boolean functions 07
(Dec’9 OLD) [NLJIET]
(i) F(A,B,C,D,E) = ∑(0,1,4,5,16,17,21,25,29)
(ii) A’B’CE’ + A’BCD’ + B’DE’ + BCD’
28 Simplify Boolean function F ( w,x,y,z ) = ∑( 0,1,2,4,5,6,8,9,12,13,14 ) using K-map and 08
Implement it using (i) NAND gates only (ii) NOR gates only (Dec’11 OLD) [NLJIET]
29 Why NAND gate is known as universal gate? (Jan’17 NEW) [NLJIET] 03
30 Using D as the VEM, reduce Y=AʹBʹCʹDʹ+AʹBʹCDʹ+ABʹCʹDʹ+ABʹCʹD+ABʹCDʹ+ABʹCD. 04,07
(Jan’17 NEW)(Dec’15 NEW) [NLJIET]
31 Convert the expression Y= A + BC into the standard SOP form 03
(June’17 NEW) [NLJIET]
32 Simplify following Boolean function by using the tabulation method 07
F = Σ(0,1,3,7,8,9,11,15)(June’17 NEW) [NLJIET]
33 Prove that NAND gate as Universal gate (June’17 NEW) [NLJIET] 04
34 Simplify following Boolean function using VEM (June’17 NEW) [NLJIET] 07
(1) F = AB’CD + A’BC’D+AB’CD’+A’B’C’D
(2) F = A’B’C’D+A’BC’D’+A’BC’D+AB’C’D’+AB’CD’+AB’CD+ABCD’
35 Simplify Boolean function using K-Map F(W,X,Y,Z)=Σ(1,3,5,8,9,11,15) , d= Σ(2,13) 04
(June’17 NEW) [NLJIET]
36 Minimize the following function using K-map and implement the same. 07
F (w,x,y,z) = Σm (0,1,2,3,6,7,13,14) + Σd (8,9,10,12)(Jan’17 OLD) [NLJIET]
37 Minimize the following function using K-map and implement the same. 07
F = A’B’C’ +B’CD’ + A’BCD’ + AB’C’ (Jan’17 OLD) [NLJIET]
38 Use Tabulation Method and Solve Σm (0,2,6,8) + d(12,13,14,15) 07
(May’17 OLD) [NLJIET]
39 Use K-map and Solve Σm (0,2,6,8) + d(12,13,14,15). Write answer in SoP and PoS form 07
(May’17 OLD) [NLJIET]
40 Reduce the expressions in SOP and POS form using K-map. (Nov’17 NEW) [NLJIET] 07
F(A,B,C,D)= Σm (1,5,6,12,13,14) + d(2,4)
41 Simplify following Boolean function by using the tabulation method F(A,B,C,D) = 07
Σ(1,2,3,5,6,7,8,9,12,13,15) (Nov’17 NEW) [NLJIET]
42 Solve the following Boolean functions by using K-Map. Implement the simplified function 04
by using logic gates. F = (w,x,y,z) = Σ (0,1,4,5,6,8,9,10,12,13,14)
(Dec’18 NEW) [NLJIET]
43 Implement the following function with NAND and NOR Gate. F(a,b,c) = Σ (0,6) 07
(Dec’18 NEW) [NLJIET]
44 Implement the function F=Σ(0,6) with NAND gates only. (June’16 OLD) [NLJIET] 07
45 Implement the function F=Σ(0,6) with NOR gates only. (June’16 OLD)[NLJIET] 07
46 (i) Reduced to simplest form using K-map: (May’18 NEW) [NLJIET] 07

(ii)
47 Express the Boolean function F = A + B’C in a sum of minterms. 03
(Dec’19 NEW) [NLJIET]
48 Simplify the following Boolean function by using the tabulation method F (A, B, C, D) = 07
Σ m (0, 1, 2, 8, 10, 11, 14, 15).(Dec’19 NEW) [NLJIET]
49 Using D & E as the MEV, Reduce F = A’B’C’ + A’B’CD + A’BCE’ + A’BC’E + AB’C + 07
ABC + ABC’D’. (Dec’19 NEW) [NLJIET]
50 Simplify the Boolean function F (w, x, y, z) = Σ m (0, 1, 2, 4, 5, 6, 8, 9, 12, 13, 14) 03,07
(Dec’19 NEW) (June’19 NEW) [NLJIET]

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51 Minimize following Boolean function using K-map: 03

X(A,B,C,D) = Σ m(0, 1, 2, 3, 5, 7, 8, 9, 11, 15) (Nov’20 NEW) [NLJIET]
52 1. Convert Y = AB + AC’ + BC into canonical SOP form. 04
2. Convert Z = (A+B)(A+C)(B+C’) into canonical POS form. (Nov’20 NEW) [NLJIET]
53 Given a logic function: Z = ABC + BC’D + A’BC.(March’21 NEW) [NLJIET] 07
(i) Make a truth table.
(ii) Simplify using K-map.
(iii)Realize simplified function using NAND gates only.
54 Minimize following Boolean function using K-map: Y(A,B,C,D) = Σ m(0, 1, 2, 3, 5, 7, 8, 04
9, 11, 14) (March’21 NEW) [NLJIET]
55 Obtain canonical Sum of Product form of following function: F=AB+ACD. 03
(June’19 NEW) [NLJIET]
TOPIC:2:
Multiplexer, De-Multiplexer/Decoders, Adders, Subtractors, BCD
arithmetic, carry look ahead adder, serial adder, ALU, elementary ALU
design, popular MSI chips, digital comparator, parity
checker/generator, code converters, priority encoders, decoders/drivers
for display devices
SHORT QUESTIONS (1 Mark) / MCQ / True-False/Fill in the blanks
1 How many enable lines are there in 3X8 decoder IC 74138? (Dec’15 NEW) [NLJIET] 01
Answer : 3
2 How many selection lines are required in 32X1 MUX? (Dec’15 NEW) [NLJIET] 01
Answer : 5
3 How many inputs are required for a 1-of-16 decoder? (Jan’17 NEW) [NLJIET] 01
(a) 2 (b) 4 (c) 8 (d) 12 Answer : (b)
4 Define: [1] Comparator [2] Encoder [3] Decoder [4] Multiplexer [5] De-multiplexer 05
(March’10 OLD) [NLJIET] (01
Marks
Each)
DESCRIPTIVE QUESTIONS
1 Explain the working of multiplexer.(May’16 NEW) [NLJIET] 03
2 Give the applications of Decoder. (May’16 NEW) [NLJIET] 03
3 Draw & explain in brief pin diagram of 7485 four-bit magnitude comparator. 03
(Dec’15 NEW) [NLJIET]
4 Explain common cathode types seven segments displays.(May’12 OLD) [NLJIET] 03
5 Implement the given function using multiplexer F (A, B, C) = ∑m (1,2,4,7) 04
(May’16 NEW) [NLJIET]
6 Design 4-to-16 Decoder from two 3-to-8 Decoders. (May’16 NEW) [NLJIET] 04
7 Draw the logic diagram of 3 to 8 line decoder. Explain its operation with truth table. 07
(Dec’15 OLD) [NLJIET]
8 Design a circuit for 2-bit magnitude comparator.(May’15 NEW) [NLJIET] 07,04
Draw logic circuit for 2-Bit Magnitude Comparator.(June’19 NEW) [NLJIET]
9 Design 3-bit even parity generator circuit.(May’15 NEW) [NLJIET] 07
Design 3-bit even parity generator circuit using X-OR gates only. 04
(May’18 NEW) [NLJIET]
10 Implement following logic function using 8X1 MUX. : F = Σ m(0,1,3,5,7,11,13,14,15) 07
(Dec’15 NEW) [NLJIET]
11 1. Design 4 X 16 decoder using two 3 X 8 decoder.(May’15 NEW) 07,07
(Jan’13 OLD) [NLJIET] 07
2. Design a 4-to-16 decoder by using only 2-4 decoder circuits.(May’14 OLD) [NLJIET] 07

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 New L J Institute of Engineering and Technology Semester: III(2021)

3. Construct 4*16 Decoder with help of 2*4 Decoder.(May’12 OLD) [NLJIET]

12 Implement combinational logic using 8:1 line MUX for 07
F( A,B,C,D) = Σm( 0,2,4,5,7,9,12,15)(Dec’15 OLD) [NLJIET]
13 1. Design a BCD adder.(June’15 OLD) [NLJIET] 07
2. Discuss 4 bit BCD adder in detail.(May’12 OLD) [NLJIET] 05
3. Draw the logic diagram of 1-digit BCD adder.(March’21 NEW) [NLJIET] 03
14 1. Explain 3 to 8 line decoder.(Jan’17 OLD)(June’15 OLD) [NLJIET] 07,07
2. With logic circuit and truth table explain working of 3 to 8 line decoder. 07
(Nov’13 OLD) [NLJIET]
3. What is meant by decoder? Explain 3-to-8 line decoder with diagram and truth table 07
(Dec’11 OLD) [NLJIET]
4. With logic circuit and truth table explain working of 3 to 8 line decoder. 07,07
(Dec’10 OLD)(Nov’17 OLD) [NLJIET]
5. Describe a block diagram for decoder circuit. Implement 3 to 8 Decoder Circuit 07
(May’17 OLD) [NLJIET]
15 Design a 8 to 1 multiplexer by using the four variable function given by 07
F(A,B,C,D) = ∑m(0,1,3,4,8,9,15) (Dec’14 NEW) [NLJIET]
16 1.Implement F (A, B, C, D) = Σ m (0, 1, 3, 4, 8, 9, 15) using multiplexer, choose A as input 07
line.(Dec’14 OLD) [NLJIET]
2. What is multiplexer? Implement the following function with a multiplexer 07
F(A,B,C,D) = ∑(0, 1, 3, 4, 8, 9, 15)(May’11 OLD) [NLJIET]
17 Design a combinational circuit that accepts the decimal number in BCD and display it on 07
seven segment display.(Dec’14 OLD) [NLJIET]
18 1. Write a brief note on parity checker/generator.(May’14 OLD) [NLJIET] 05
2. Design and explain Odd parity generator (Jan’17 OLD) [NLJIET] 07
19 What is encoder? With logic circuit and truth table explain the working of Octal to binary 07
Encoder.(Nov’13 OLD) [NLJIET]
20 1. What is Multiplexer? With logic circuit and function table explain the working of 4 to 1 07,03,
multiplexer.(Nov’13 OLD)(June’17 New)(Nov’17 New) [NLJIET] 04
2. What is meant by multiplexer? Explain with diagram and truth table the Operation of 07
4-to- 1 line multiplexer(Dec’11 OLD) [NLJIET]
21 1.Explain a 4 to 1 line multiplexer in detail.(May’13 OLD) [NLJIET] 07
2.With logic diagram and function table explain the operation of 4 to 1 line 07,07
multiplexer.(Dec’10 OLD)(Nov’17 OLD) [NLJIET]
3. Design and explain 4x1 Multiplexer (Jan’17 OLD) [NLJIET] 07
22 1. With logic circuit explain the working of 4-bit magnitude comparator. 07
(Nov’13 OLD) [NLJIET]
2. Explain 4 bit Magnitude Comparator.(May’12 OLD) [NLJIET] 07
3. Design 4-bit magnitude comparator in detail.(Dec’9 OLD) [NLJIET] 07
23 Design a BCD to decimal decoder (May’11 OLD) [NLJIET] 07
24 Design a full adder circuit using decoder and multiplexer(March’10 OLD) [NLJIET] 07
25 Design a full adder using 3X8 decoder followed by gates. (Dec’15 NEW) [NLJIET] 07
26 Design a combinational circuit whose input is a four bit number & whose output is the 2’s 07
complement of the input number (Dec’15 OLD) [NLJIET]
27 1.Draw & explain the operation of 4 bit binary parallel adder (Dec’15 OLD) [NLJIET] 07
2.Explain 4 – bit parallel adder.(Dec’19 NEW) [NLJIET] 04
28 Design 3-bit parity generator circuit using even parity bit (Jan’17 NEW) [NLJIET] 07
29 1.Explain full adder and design a full adder circuit using 3 to 8 decoder and two OR gates 07
(Jan’17 NEW) [NLJIET]
2. Design a full adder and realize full adder using 3X8 Decoder and 2 OR gates. 07
(Dec’19 NEW) [NLJIET]

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30 1. Design one bit magnitude comparator. (Jan’17 NEW) [NLJIET] 03

2. Design 1-bit magnitude comparator circuit. (May’18 NEW) [NLJIET] 03
3.Design 1 - bit Magnitude Comparator.(Dec’19 NEW) [NLJIET] 04
31 Implement the given function using multiplexer. F (A, B, C) = Ʃ (1, 3, 5, 6) 04
(Jan’17 NEW) [NLJIET]
32 Design BCD to Excess-3 code convertor circuit (Jan’17 NEW) [NLJIET] 07
33 Explain Half Adder circuit with neat diagram (Jan’17 NEW) [NLJIET] 04
Explain working of Half Adder circuit with diagram.(June’19 NEW) [NLJIET] 03
34 Explain Full Subtractor with truth table and circuit diagram (June’17 NEW) [NLJIET] 07
35 Explain magnitude comparator (June’17 NEW) (Nov’17 NEW) [NLJIET] 03
36 Design a combinational circuit with four input lines that represent decimal digit in BCD 07
and four output lines that generates the 9’s Complement of the input digit.
(June’17 NEW) [NLJIET]
37 Implement following Boolean function using8:1multiplexer F = 07
∑(2,3,5,7,8,9,12,13,14,15) (June’17 NEW) [NLJIET]
38 Implement Full Subtractor Circuit with the help of Decoder and logic gates. 07
(June’17 NEW) [NLJIET]
39 Design the Combinational Circuits for Binary to Gray Code Conversion. 05
(May’12 OLD) [NLJIET]
40 1.Draw the truth table of full adder and implement using minimum number of logic 07,07
gates.(May’15 NEW)(Nov’17 New) [NLJIET]
2. Design a combinational circuits for a full adder.(May’12 OLD) [NLJIET] 04
3. Design a full-adder using two half-adder and an OR gate(May’11 OLD) [NLJIET] 07
4. With necessary sketch explain full adder in detail.(Dec’9 OLD) [NLJIET] 07
5. Design a full adder circuit using two half adders and gates (May’17 OLD) [NLJIET] 07
41 Draw the truth table of full subtractor and implement using minimum number of logic 07
gates.(May’15 NEW) [NLJIET]
42 1. Explain Full Adder in detail. (June’16 OLD) [NLJIET] 07
2.Design and explain with truth table the logic circuit for full adder 07
(Jan’17 OLD) [NLJIET]
43 Write short note on half adder and full adder. (May’16 NEW) [NLJIET] 07
44 Design half adders and explain various implementations.(June’15 OLD) [NLJIET] 07
45 Explain design and functioning of half and full subtractors.(June’15 OLD) [NLJIET] 07
46 Design converter to convert decimal 8,4,-2,-1 code to BCD.(June’15 OLD) [NLJIET] 07
47 Design converter to convert decimal 2,4,2,1 code to 8,4,-2,-1 code. 07
(June’15 OLD) [NLJIET]
48 1. Design BCD to excess – 3 code converter.(June’15 OLD) [NLJIET] 07
2. Design a BCD to Excess-3 code converter using minimum number of NAND gates 07
(Dec’14 NEW) [NLJIET]
3. Design and implement BCD to excess 3 code converter.(May’13 OLD) [NLJIET] 07
4. Design BCD to Excess-3 code converter using minimum number of NAND gates 08
(Dec’11 OLD) [NLJIET]
49 Explain excess -3 code & gray code (Dec’15 OLD)(Nov’17 New) [NLJIET] 07,07
50 Prepare BCD to excess 3 code converter. (June’16 OLD) [NLJIET] 07
Derive and draw logic circuit for BCD to Excess-3 Code converter. 07
(June’19 NEW) [NLJIET]
51 A combinational circuit has 3 inputs A, B, C and output F. F is true for following input 07
combinations(Dec’14 NEW) [NLJIET]
A is False, B is True
A is False, C is True
A, B, C are False
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 New L J Institute of Engineering and Technology Semester: III(2021)

A, B, C are True
(i) Write the Truth table for F. Use the convention True = 1 and False = 0.
(ii) Write the simplified expression for F in SOP form.
(iii) Write the simplified expression for F in POS form.
(iv) Draw the logic circuit using minimum number of 2-input NAND gates.
52 Design a combinational circuit that multiplies BCD inputs by 5. Show that output can be 07
obtained from the inputs without using any logic gates.(Dec’14 OLD) [NLJIET]
53 With logic circuit describe the function of (Nov’13 OLD) [NLJIET] 07
(1) Full adder (2) Full subtractor
Write the simplified Boolean functions with their outputs.
54 Explain half and full adder in detail.(May’13 OLD) [NLJIET] 07
55 Show how a full-adder can be converted to a full-subtractor with the help of addition of one 07
inverter circuit.(Jan’13 OLD) [NLJIET]
56 1.Design a combinational circuit with the four input lines that represent a decimal digit in 07
BCD and four output line that generate the 9’s complement of the input digit.
(Jan’13 OLD) [NLJIET]
2. Design a combinational circuit that generates the 9’s complement of BCD digit. 07
(Dec’9 OLD) [NLJIET]
57 1.Design 4 bit binary to BCD code converter (March’10 OLD) [NLJIET] 07
2.Design 4 bit binary to BCD code converter and implement using EX-OR gates only 07
(Nov’17 OLD)[NLJIET]
58 Design a combinational circuit that accepts a three bit binary number and generates an 07
output binary number equal to the square of the input number.(Dec’9 OLD) [NLJIET]
59 Design a combinational circuit whose input is a four bit number and whose Output is the 08,07
2’s complement of the input number.(Dec’11 OLD)(May’11 OLD) [NLJIET]
60 1. Design 4 bit binary to gray code converter. (May’16 NEW) [NLJIET] 07
2. Design a circuit for binary to gray code conversion. Give Example 07
(May’17 OLD) [NLJIET]
61 Implement following logic function using 8X1 MUX : F = Σ m(0,1,2,3,5,8,9,11,14) 07
(May’15 New)[NLJIET]
62 Explain Briefly 3 to 8 Line Decoder (Nov’17 NEW)[NLJIET] 03
Draw logic diagram of 3-line to 8-line decoder. (May’18 NEW)[NLJIET] 04
63 Design and Implement 3-bit odd parity generator circuit (Nov’17 OLD)[NLJIET] 07
64 Design a 3 bit Full adder circuit and implement using a half adder circuit. 07
(Nov’17 OLD) [NLJIET]
65 With a neat block diagram explain the function of encoder. Explain priority encoder? 07
(Dec’18 NEW)[NLJIET]
66 Implement the following Boolean functions with a multiplexer and Decoder. F(w, x, y, z) 07
= Σ (2, 3, 5, 6, 11, 14, 15) (Dec’18 NEW)[NLJIET]
67 Design a combinational logic circuit whose output is high only when majority of inputs (A, 04
B, C, D) are low.(Dec’18 NEW)[NLJIET]
68 Design a 3-bit gray to binary code converter. Implement it using suitable PROM. Draw the 07
necessary diagrams and tables.(Dec’18 NEW)[NLJIET]
69 Draw logic circuit of 4:1 MUX. (May’18 NEW) [NLJIET] 03
70 Realize the expression Y(A, B, C, D) = Ʃ m(15, 7, 4, 6, 8, 9, 12, 14) using an 8:1 MUX. 07
(May’18 NEW) [NLJIET]
71 Using suitable decoder & OR gates, design 4-bit binary to Gray code converter. 07
(May’18 NEW) [NLJIET]
72 Design 1-Bit Full Adder using 3x8 Decoder.(June’19 NEW)[NLJIET] 07
73 How to generate 8x1 MUX using 4x1 MUX.(June’19 NEW)[NLJIET] 03
74 Draw logic circuit of Full Adder and Full Subtractor with truth table. 07
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(June’19 NEW)[NLJIET]
75 Implement the following function using 8X1 MUX F (A, B, C, D) = Σ m (0, 1, 3, 4, 8, 9, 07
15)(Dec’19 NEW)[NLJIET]
76 Write a brief note on BCD-to-7-segment decoder/driver. Set up a single 7-segement LED 07
display using 7447 BCD-to-7-segment decoder/driver. (Nov’20 NEW) [NLJIET]
77 Write a brief note on full subtractor with the help of its TT. Also design full subtractor logic 07
circuit using 3 x 8 decoder and OR gates. Use X, Y, & Z as input variables and D & B as
output variables.(Nov’20 NEW) [NLJIET]
78 1. Draw & explain the block diagram of ALU. (Nov’20 NEW) [NLJIET] 04
2. Draw & explain the logic diagram of ALU. (Dec’11 OLD) [NLJIET] 08
79 Draw truth table of 2-bit digital comparator (March’21 NEW) [NLJIET] 03

80 Draw logic circuit of 2x4 Decoder. (June’19 NEW) [NLJIET] 04

81 Explain the design of Arithmetic Logic Unit(March’10 OLD) [NLJIET] 07

82 Draw block diagram of a 4-bit arithmetic logic unit. Design an adder/subtractor circuit 07
with one selection variable S and two inputs A and B .when S = 0 circuit performs A+B,
when S = 1 circuit performs A – B by taking the 2’s complement of B.
(May’11 OLD) [NLJIET]

MODULE 3: SEQUENTIAL CIRCUITS AND SYSTEMS

TOPIC:1:
A 1-bit memory, the circuit properties of Bistable latch, the clocked SR
flip flop, J- K-T and D types flip flops, applications of flip flops
SHORT QUESTIONS (1 Mark) / MCQ / True-False/Fill in the blanks
1 What is difference between latch and flip-flop? (May’16 NEW) [NLJIET] 01
Answer : Latch is level triggered , Flipflop is edge triggered
2 Which latch is also known as transparent latch? (Dec’15 NEW)[NLJIET] 01
Answer : D Latch
3 Which flip-flop is also known as ones-catching flip-flop? (Dec’15 NEW)[NLJIET] 01
Answer : Master Slave Flipflop
4 What is the use of state diagram? (May’16 NEW) [NLJIET] 01
Answer :To give graphical representation of state table
5 Define race around condition. (May’16 NEW) [NLJIET] 01
6 What is a state equation? (May’16 NEW) [NLJIET] 01
Answer : It is the algebraic equation of next state
7 Define the following terms: Flip Flop(Nov’13 OLD) [NLJIET] 01
8 Define: sequential logic circuit(Nov’13 OLD) [NLJIET] 01
9 Define: Flip-Flop(March’10 OLD) [NLJIET] 01
10 What is the significance of the J and K terminals on the J-K flip-flop? 01
(a) There is no known significance in their designations.
(b) The J represents “jump,” which is how the Q output reacts whenever the clock goes
high and the J input is also HIGH.
(c) The letters were chosen in honor of Jack Kilby, the inventory of the integrated circuit.
(d) All of the other letters of the alphabet are already in use. (Jan’17 NEW) [NLJIET]
Answer : I
11 1.Define: state table, state equation, state diagram, input & output equations 04
(Dec’11 OLD) [NLJIET] (01
2.Define: state table(May’15 NEW) [NLJIET] Marks
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Each)
12 Calculate the number of state flip-flops required to generate 49 states? 01
(May’15 NEW) [NLJIET]
DESCRIPTIVE QUESTIONS
1 Draw a frequency divider using JK FFs to divide input clock frequency by a factor of 8. 03
(Dec’15 NEW) [NLJIET]
2 Draw & explain in brief a high assertion input SR latch. (Dec’15 NEW) [NLJIET] 03
3 Implement T flip flop using D flip flop. (May’16 NEW) [NLJIET] 03
4 1.Draw logic diagram, graphic symbol, and Characteristic table for clocked D flip 03,03
flop(May’11 OLD) (Nov’17 NEW) [NLJIET]
2. Show the logic diagram of clocked D Flip-flop(Dec’9 OLD) [NLJIET] 02
5 Answer the following(May’11 OLD) [NLJIET] 04
(i)Give comparison between combinational and Sequential circuits
(ii)What is race-around condition in JK flip-flop?
6 1. Fill in values for S & R to cause the Q values of the SR FF given in figure 4. 04
(02
Marks
Each)

2. Plot the output waveform for the inputs shown in figure 5, assuming the initial contents
of the FF is Q = 0.

(Dec’15 NEW) [NLJIET]

7 State & explain any four operating characteristics of a flip flop (Dec’15 OLD) [NLJIET] 07
8 Convert D flip flop into SR flip flop.(May’15 NEW) [NLJIET] 07
9 Discuss edge triggered flip flop in detail. (June’16 OLD) [NLJIET] 07
10 1.With the help of function table and circuit diagram explain the working of clocked SR flip 07
flop.(May’15 NEW) [NLJIET]
2. (i) Convert J K Flip Flop to S R Flip flop(ii) Show the logical diagram of clocked S R 07
Flip flop with AND and NOR gates.(Dec’14 OLD) [NLJIET]
3.With neat sketch explain the operation of clocked RS flip-flop(Dec’9 OLD) [NLJIET] 05
11 Draw the circuit diagrams and Truth table of all the Flip flops (SR, D, T and JK). 07
(Dec’14 NEW) [NLJIET]
12 Implement D flip flop using JK flip flop.(Dec’14 NEW) [NLJIET] 07
13 1. Draw and explain Master – slave Flip flop.(Dec’14 OLD) [NLJIET] 07
2. Write a note on Master-Slave Flip-Flop.(May’14 OLD) [NLJIET] 07
3. With logic diagram explain the function of master-slave flip-flop. 05
(Nov’13 OLD) [NLJIET] 07
4. Explain Master Slave Flip Flop through J K Flip Flop.(May’12 OLD) [NLJIET] 07,06
5. Explain the working of the Master Slave J K flip-flop
(May’17 OLD)(Dec’11 OLD) [NLJIET] 06,07,07
6. Explain working of master-slave JK flip-flop with necessary logic diagram, state equation
Digital Fundamentals (3130704) 2021 Page 18
 New L J Institute of Engineering and Technology Semester: III(2021)

and state diagram(May’11 OLD) (Nov’17 NEW)(June’19 NEW) [NLJIET] 03

7. Explain Master Slave JK flip-flop with truth table and circuit diagram 07,07
(June’17 NEW) [NLJIET]
8. Draw & explain Master-Slave J-K Flip Flop (Jan’17 OLD)(Nov’17 OLD) [NLJIET]
14 Write a brief note on edge-triggered SR and JK Flip-Flops.(May’14 OLD) [NLJIET] 07
15 Design a sequential with JK flip-flops to satisfy the following state equations: 07,07
A(t+1) = A’B’CD+A’B’C+ACD+AC’D’
B(t+1) = A’C+CD’+A’BC’
C(t+1) = B
D(t+1) = D’ (Nov’13 OLD)(May’12 OLD) [NLJIET]
16 1. Explain D type positive edge triggered flip flop.(May’13 OLD) [NLJIET] 07
2. Discuss D-type edge- triggered flip-flop in detail.(Dec’9 OLD) [NLJIET] 07
17 1. Explain JK Flipflop. What is disadvantage of it and how it can be eliminated? 07
(Jan’13 OLD) [NLJIET]
2. Explain JK flip flop with its characteristic table and excitation table. 04
(June’17 NEW) [NLJIET]
18 For the figures 1, 2, & 3, plot the output waveforms referenced to the clock signal assuming 07
the initial contents of all FFs is Q = 0. Assume all FFs are edge triggered.
(Dec’15 NEW) [NLJIET]

19 With logic diagram and truth table explain the working JK Flipflop. Also obtain its 07
characteristic equation. How JK flip-flop is refinement of RS flip-flop?
(Dec’10 OLD) [NLJIET]
20 Draw and explain working of following flip-flops.(March’10 OLD) [NLJIET] 07
[1] Clocked RS [2] JK
21 Convert SR flip-flop into JK flip-flop(March’10 OLD) [NLJIET] 07

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 New L J Institute of Engineering and Technology Semester: III(2021)

22 Explain the procedure followed to analyse a clocked sequential circuit With suitable 10
example(Dec’11 OLD) [NLJIET]
23 1.Explain Design Procedure for Combinational Circuit & Difference between 04
Combinational Circuit & Sequential Circuit.(May’12 OLD)
2. Distinguish between Combinational Circuit & Sequential Circuit 03
(Nov’17 NEW) [NLJIET]
24 Distinguish between combinational and sequential logic circuits. Give the applications of 07
flip-flops. (May’16 NEW) [NLJIET]
25 1. Explain RS flip flop in detail. (Jan’17 NEW) [NLJIET] 04
2. Explain SR flip-flop using characteristic table & characteristic equation.
(Dec’19 NEW) [NLJIET] 03
26 Explain edge triggering and level triggering (Jan’17 NEW) [NLJIET] 03
27 1. What is race around condition in JK flip flop. 03,03,03
(Jan’17 NEW) (June’19 NEW) (Dec’19 NEW)[NLJIET]

28 Plot the out waveform referenced to the clock signal assuming the initial contents of the 03
flip-flops is q=0. Assume all flip-flops are edge triggered. (June’17 NEW) [NLJIET]

29 1. Draw & explain T Flip Flop and D Flip Flop (Jan’17 OLD) [NLJIET] 07
2. Explain the working of D Flipflop and T Flipflop using Truth Table 07
(May’17 OLD) [NLJIET]
30 What is a combinational circuit? Why it is required in digital circuits? Explain working and 07
construction of R-S flip flop in detail. (Nov’17 OLD) [NLJIET]
31 Discuss Clocked R-S Flip-flop with Logic diagram, Symbol, Characteristic table and 04
Characteristic equation.(Dec’18 NEW) [NLJIET]
32 Draw the Characteristic tables of following Flip-flop.(Dec’18 NEW) [NLJIET] 03
1. R-S 2. J-K 3. T
33 Draw the truth tables for JK & T FF. Using these truth tables, derive & explain the excitation 07
tables of JK & T FF.(May’18 NEW) [NLJIET]
34 Draw high assertion & low assertion input SR latches. (May’18 NEW) [NLJIET] 03
35 Draw gated SR latch using NAND gates only. (May’18 NEW) [NLJIET] 03
36 Draw logic diagram, graphical symbol and Characteristic table for clocked T flip-flop. 03
(June’19 NEW) [NLJIET]
37 Design JK flip-flip using D flip-flip. (Dec’19 NEW) [NLJIET] 07
38 Draw the circuit diagrams and Truth table of all the Flip flops (SR, D). 04
(June’19 NEW) [NLJIET]
39 1.Construct D FF using SR FF. Write truth table of D FF. (Nov’20 NEW) [NLJIET] 03
2.Design D FF using SR FF. Write truth table of D FF (March’21 NEW) [NLJIET] 03
40 Write a short note on the applications of the flip-flops.(Nov’20 NEW) [NLJIET] 07
41 How SR FF can be converted into JK FF? Draw & explain in brief. 04
(Nov’20 NEW) [NLJIET]
42 Design a 4-bit synchronous down counter using T flip-flops.(March’21 NEW) [NLJIET] 07

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 New L J Institute of Engineering and Technology Semester: III(2021)

43 Write a brief note on race around condition and its solution. Draw & explain the logic 07
diagram of master-slave JK flip-flop.(March’21 NEW) [NLJIET]
44 Determine the minimum state table equivalent shown in following table and draw the 07
reduced state diagram. (Dec’18 New) [NLJIET]

45 Define following terms w.r.t State Machine. 1. State Table 2. State Diagram. 03
(Dec’18 New) [NLJIET]
TOPIC:2 :
shift registers, applications of shift registers, serial to parallel converter,
parallel to serial converter, ring counter, sequence generator
SHORT QUESTIONS (1 Mark) / MCQ / True-False/Fill in the blanks
1 Define the following terms: Register (Nov’13 OLD) [NLJIET] 01
2 How many flip flops are required to build a shift register to store following numbers? 04
(May’12 OLD) [NLJIET] (01
(i)Decimal 28 (ii) Binary 6 bits (iii) Octal 17 (iv) Hexadecimals A Marks
Answer : (i) 5 (ii) 6 (iii) 6 (iv) 4 Each)

DESCRIPTIVE QUESTIONS
1 1.With a neat sketch design 4-bit bidirectional shift register.(May’15 NEW) [NLJIET] 07
2. Draw & explain in brief the logic diagram of 4-bit bidirectional shift register. 04
(March’21 NEW) NLJIET]
2 1. Write a short note on four bit Universal Shift Register.(Dec’14 NEW) [NLJIET] 07
2. Explain in detail bidirectional shit register with parallel load.(Jan’13 OLD) [NLJIET] 07
3. Draw and explain the block diagram of 4-bit bidirectional shit register with Parallel load. 07
(Dec’11 OLD) [NLJIET]
4. With necessary sketch explain Bidirectional Shift Register with parallel load. 07,07
(Dec’9 OLD)(Nov’17 NEW) [NLJIET]
3 Design a circuit for 4-bits parallel register with load with D Flip-Flops. Load input decides 07
whether to load new input or to apply no change conditions.(May’14 OLD) [NLJIET]
4 What is the difference between serial and parallel transfer? What type of registers are used 07
in each case.(May’13 OLD) [NLJIET]
5 1. Explain Johnson Counters.(May’12 OLD) [NLJIET] 07
2. Construct a Johnson counter with Ten timing signals.(Dec’9 OLD) [NLJIET] 07
6 Define the different mode of operation of registers & explain any two in details. 07
(May’12 OLD) [NLJIET]
7 What is the function of shift register? With the help of simple diagram explain its working. 07
With block diagram and timing diagram explain the serial transfer of information from
register A to register B.(Dec’10 OLD) [NLJIET]
8 1. Explain 4 bit serial in serial out shift register (Jan’17 NEW) 07,04,04
(June’19 NEW) [NLJIET]
2. Draw and explain 4-bit serial-in serial-out shift register using D FFs. 04
(May’18 NEW) [NLJIET]
3. Explain the working of SISO shift register. (Dec’19 NEW) [NLJIET]
9 Draw and explain Ring counter (June’17 NEW) [NLJIET] 04
10 With neat logic diagram, explain serial in parallel out shift register 07
(Jan’17 OLD) [NLJIET]
11 Classify Registers. Describe any one of them in details (May’17 OLD) [NLJIET] 07
12 Discuss in detail shift Registers.(Nov’17 OLD)[NLJIET] 07
13 Explain Serial Transfer w.r.t Shift Register with suitable example. 04
(Dec’18 NEW) [NLJIET]
14 Draw & explain in brief the logic diagram of 4-bit bidirectional shift register. 04
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 New L J Institute of Engineering and Technology Semester: III(2021)

(Nov’20 NEW) [NLJIET]

15 List out various application of the shift register and explain any one. 03
(Nov’20 NEW) [NLJIET]
16 List out and explain any one application of the register (March’21 NEW) [NLJIET] 03
TOPIC:3 :
Ripple(Asynchronous) counters, synchronous counters, counters design
using flip flops, special counter IC’s, asynchronous sequential counters,
applications of counters
SHORT QUESTIONS (1 Mark) / MCQ / True-False/Fill in the blanks
1 Define the following terms: Counter (Nov’13 OLD) [NLJIET] 01
2 How many flip flops are required to count the sequence from 0 to 63? 01
(Jan’17 NEW) [NLJIET] Answer : 6
DESCRIPTIVE QUESTIONS
1 Design sequential counter as shown in the state diagram using JK flip-flops. 07
(March’10 OLD) [NLJIET]

2 Design a 3-bit synchronous up counter using K-maps and positive edge-triggered JK FFs. 07
(Dec’15 NEW) [NLJIET]
3 Design a sequential circuit using JK Flip-Flops and two states Q0 and Q1 such that, 09
1. It moves to the next state for input 0. (00 to 01, 01 to 10,…, 11 to 00)
2. It moves to the previous state for input 1. (reverse from the above mentioned
steps) (May’14 OLD) [NLJIET]
4 Give the comparison between synchronous and asynchronous counters. 04,04
(May’16 NEW) (Nov’17 NEW) [NLJIET]
5 1. Design 4-bit ripple counter using negative edge triggered JK flip flop. 07,07
(May’15 NEW) (Nov’17 NEW) [NLJIET]
2. Write a note on Binary Ripple Counter.(May’14 OLD) [NLJIET] 07
3. With logic diagram explain the operation of 4 bit binary ripple counter. How up counter 07
can be converted into down counter?(Nov’13 OLD) [NLJIET]
4. Explain 4 bit binary ripple counter.(May’12 OLD) [NLJIET] 07
5. Explain working of 4-bit binary ripple counter(Dec’11 OLD) [NLJIET] 07
6. Give classification of counters and explain asynchronous 4-bit binary ripple counter 07
(May’11 OLD) [NLJIET]
7. With logic diagram explain the operation of 4 bit binary ripple counter. Explain the 07
count sequence. How up counter can be converted into down counter?
(Dec’10 OLD) [NLJIET] 07
8. Explain the working of 4 bit asynchronous counter (March’10 OLD) [NLJIET] 07
9. Explain 4 bit ripple counter using timing diagrams (May’17 OLD) [NLJIET]
6 Explain 3 bit binary counter with necessary diagrams. (June’16 OLD) [NLJIET] 07
7 Design a mod-12 Synchronous up counter using D-flipflop.(Dec’14 NEW) [NLJIET] 07
8 1. Design a synchronous BCD counter with JK Flipflop. 07,07,
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 New L J Institute of Engineering and Technology Semester: III(2021)

(Dec’14 OLD)(May’13 OLD)(May’16 NEW) [NLJIET] 07

2. Design BCD synchronous Counter (May’17 OLD) [NLJIET] 07

9 Design and explain 4-bit Ripple UP/DOWN Counter using positive edge triggered Flip 07
flop.(Dec’14 OLD) [NLJIET]
10 Design and implement a Modulo-6 Asynchronous counter using T Flip flop. 07
(Dec’14 OLD) [NLJIET]
11 Design and Implement a Mod-10 asynchronous counter with T FF.(May’14 OLD) 07
[NLJIET]
12 1. Design a counter with the following binary sequence:(Jan’13 OLD) [NLJIET] 07
0, 1, 3, 7, 6, 4 and repeat. Use T flipflop.
2. Design a counter with following binary sequence: 0,1,3,7,6,4, and repeat.
(Use T flip-flop)(Dec’9 OLD) [NLJIET] 07
13 1. Explain BCD Ripple counter and draw its logic diagram and timing diagram. 07
(Jan’13 OLD) [NLJIET]
2. Draw the state diagram of BCD ripple counter, develop it’s logic diagram, and explain 07
it’s operation.(Dec’9 OLD) [NLJIET]
3. Design BCD Ripple Counter (May’17 OLD) [NLJIET] 07
14 Explain 4-bit up-down binary synchronous counter.(May’12 OLD) [NLJIET] 07
15 1. Design counter with the following binary sequence:(Dec’10 OLD) [NLJIET] 07
0, 4,2,1,6 and repeat. Use JK flip-flops

2. Design a counter with following binary sequence: 0,4,2,1,6 and repeat (Use JK flip- 07
flop)(Dec’9 OLD) [NLJIET]
16 Design Modulo-8 counter using T flip flop. (Jan’17 NEW) [NLJIET] 07
17 Design 3-bit synchronous up counter using T flip flop. (Jan’17 NEW) [NLJIET] 07
18 How does a counter works as frequency divider? Explain with suitable example. 04
(Jan’17 NEW) [NLJIET]
19 Design a counter to generate the repetitive sequence 0, 1, 2,4,3,6 (June’17 NEW) 07
[NLJIET]
20 Design and explain BCD Counter (Jan’17 OLD) [NLJIET] 07
21 Design a synchronous Counter that goes 0,2,3,7,0,2,3,… (May’17 OLD) [NLJIET] 07
22 Design a counter for following binary sequence 0-1-3-4-6-0.(Dec’18 NEW) [NLJIET] 07
23 What is “Lock out” condition in counter? How to avoid it.(Dec’18 NEW) [NLJIET] 03
24 Design a 3-bit binary counter.(Dec’18 NEW) [NLJIET] 07
25 Design 3-bit ripple up-counter using negative edge triggered JK flip flops. Also draw the 04
waveforms. (May’18 NEW) [NLJIET]
26 Design a counter to generate the repetitive sequence 0, 3, 5, 7, 4 using D FFs. 07
(May’18 NEW) [NLJIET]
27 Design synchronous counter for sequence: 0->1-> 3->4->5->7-> 0 using T flip-flop. 07
(June’19 NEW) [NLJIET]
28 Design a counter with the following binary sequence: 0, 1, 3, 7, 6, 4 and repeat. Use T – 07
flip-flops. (Dec’19 NEW) [NLJIET]
29 Design 4-bit Ring counter using D flip-flip.(Dec’19 NEW) [NLJIET] 07
30 Design a 3-bit synchronous up counter using JK flip-flops.(Nov’20 NEW) [NLJIET] 07
31 Construct a 3-bit ripple up counter with preset and clear facility using T FFs. 04
(Nov’20 NEW) [NLJIET]
32 Design a 4-bit ripple up counter using JK flip-flops.(March’21 NEW) [NLJIET] 04
33 Draw and explain Ring counter. (June’19 NEW) [NLJIET] 04
34 Design a 4 bit binary up counter (Nov’17 OLD) [NLJIET] 07

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 New L J Institute of Engineering and Technology Semester: III(2021)

MODULE 4: A/D AND D/A CONVERTERS

TOPIC:1 :
Digital to analog converters, weighted resistor/converter, R-2R Ladder
D/A converter, specifications for D/A converters, examples of D/A
converter ICs, sample and hold circuit, analog to digital converters:
quantization and encoding, parallel comparator A/D converter,
successive approximation A/D converter, counting A/D converter, dual
slope A/D converter, A/D converter using voltage to frequency and
voltage to time conversion, specifications of A/D converters, example of
A/D converter ICs
DESCRIPTIVE QUESTIONS
1 1.Write short note on R-2R ladder type DAC.[NLJIET] 07
2.With the help of neat diagram, explain the working of R 2R ladder type DAC.Draw 07
suitable waveforms.[NLJIET]
4.Explain R-2R ladder type digital to analog converter.[NLJIET] 07
5.Explain R-2R ladder type D/A converter (Dec’19 NEW) [NLJIET] 04
2 1.With block diagram explain Successive approximation ADC.[NLJIET] 07
2.Explain Successive Approximation type A/D converter.(Dec’19 NEW) [NLJIET] 07
3 Explain interfacing of a digital computer to the analog world.[NLJIET] 07
4 Draw the diagram of Switched capacitor type DAC and explain its operation.[NLJIET] 04
5 1.Explain the working of Flash type A/D converter.[NLJIET] 07
2.Draw & explain Flash A/D converter with necessary decoding table. Also mention pros 07
& cons of the same. (Nov’20 NEW) [NLJIET]
6 Explain the working of Dual slope type A/D converter.[NLJIET] 07
7 State and define any three specifications of ADC.[NLJIET] 03
8 Explain any two ADC conversion techniques.[NLJIET] 07
9 Explain dual slope analog to digital converter.[NLJIET] 07
10 Explain the specification of D/A converter.(Dec’19 NEW) [NLJIET] 03
11 Discuss any two characteristics of a D/A converter. (Nov’20 NEW) [NLJIET] 04
12 Draw & explain weighted-resistor D/A converter with necessary equations. 07
(Nov’20 NEW) [NLJIET]
13 1. Write a brief note on quantization and encoding. (Nov’20 NEW) [NLJIET] 04
2. Write a brief note on quantization and encoding. (March’21 NEW) [NLJIET] 04
14 List out various commonly used D/A converters. Draw & explain any one D/A 07
converter.(March’21 NEW) [NLJIET]
15 List out various commonly used A/D converters. Draw & explain anyone A/D converter. 07
(March’21 NEW) [NLJIET]
16 List out various characteristics of a D/A converter. Discuss any one. 03
(March’21 NEW) [NLJIET]

MODULE 5: SEMICONDUCTOR MEMORIES AND

PROGRAMMABLE LOGIC DEVICES
TOPIC:1 :
Memory organization and operation, expanding memory size,
classification and characteristics of memories, sequential memory, read
only memory (ROM),read and write memory(RAM), content
Digital Fundamentals (3130704) 2021 Page 24
 New L J Institute of Engineering and Technology Semester: III(2021)

addressable memory (CAM), charge de coupled device memory (CCD)

SHORT QUESTIONS (1 Mark) / MCQ / True-False/Fill in the blanks
1 List the types of ROM. (May’16 NEW) [NLJIET] 01
Answer : PROM, EPROM, EEPROM
2 How many words a 16*8 memory can store? (May’16 NEW) [NLJIET] Answer : 8 01
3 Define the followings. EPROM (Dec’14 NEW) [NLJIET] 01
4 Why ROMs are called nonvolatile memory? (Jan’17 NEW) [NLJIET] 01
Answer : Because the contents of ROM cannot be erased
5 Define the term PROM. (May’16 NEW) [NLJIET] 01
DESCRIPTIVE QUESTIONS
1 Compare the following in every aspect. RAM and ROM (Dec’14 NEW) [NLJIET] 3.5
2 Compare ROM, PLA and PAL.(May’15 NEW)(Nov’17 NEW) [NLJIET] 07,07
3 1. Explain ROM and it’s types.(June’15 OLD) [NLJIET] 07
2. Write short note on: Read Only Memory (ROM)(May’11 OLD)(Jan’17 NEW) 07,07
[NLJIET] 07
3. Write short note on EEPROM, EPROM and PROM(March’10 OLD) [NLJIET] 04
4.Explain the types of ROM.(Dec’19 NEW) [NLJIET] 07
5. Write a short note on ROM & its types. (Nov’20 NEW) [NLJIET]
4 Implement following functions using ROM. (Dec’15 NEW) [NLJIET] 07
F1 = Σ m(1, 3, 4, 6)
F2 = Σ m(2, 4, 5, 7)
F3 = Σ m(0, 1, 5, 7)
F4 = Σ m(1, 2, 3, 4)
5 Explain memory unit(March’10 OLD) [NLJIET] 07
Write a note on Memory. (May’16 NEW) [NLJIET] 07
6 Explain different types of random access memories. (June’16 OLD) [NLJIET] 07

7 Write a detailed note on semiconductor memory and PLD.(Nov’17 OLD)[NLJIET] 07

8 List down the various types of ROMs and discuss and two of them. 04
(Dec’18 NEW) [NLJIET]
9 Make comparison: (May’18 NEW)[NLJIET] 04
i. ROM vs PLA
ii. PLA vs PAL
10 Using 8x4 ROM, realize the expressions F1 = AB'C + ABC' + A'BC, F2 = A'B'C + A'BC' 07
+ AB'C', F3 = A'B'C' + ABC. Show the contents of all locations.
(May’18 NEW)[NLJIET]
11 Explain classification of Memories.(Dec’19 NEW) [NLJIET] 03
12 Differentiate between RAM & ROM. (Nov’20 NEW) [NLJIET] 03
13 Compare SRAM with DRAM. (Nov’20 NEW) [NLJIET] 03
14 Draw internal organization of a 16 x 4 memory chip.(March’21 NEW) [NLJIET] 03
15 Obtain 2048 x 8 memory using 256 x 8 memory chips.(March’21 NEW) [NLJIET] 03
16 Write a detailed note on various types of memories.(March’21 NEW) [NLJIET] 07

TOPIC:2 :
Commonly used memory chips, ROM as a PLD, Programmable logic
array, Programmable array logic, complex Programmable logic devices
(CPLDS), Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA).
SHORT QUESTIONS (1 Mark) / MCQ / True-False/Fill in the blanks
1 Define: PLA(March’10 OLD) [NLJIET] 01
DESCRIPTIVE QUESTIONS
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 New L J Institute of Engineering and Technology Semester: III(2021)

1 Write a short note on FPGA. (May’16 NEW) [NLJIET] 03

2 Draw & explain in brief general architecture of Xilinx FPGA. (Dec’15 NEW) [NLJIET] 03
3 1. Explain PLA and it’s application.(June’15 OLD) [NLJIET] 07
2. Write short note on Programmable Logic Arrays.(Dec’14 NEW) [NLJIET] 07
3. Explain in brief: Programmable Logic Array(May’14 OLD) 07,04
(June’17 NEW) [NLJIET] 07
4. Explain PLA in detail.(May’13 OLD) [NLJIET] 07
5. Explain PLA with necessary diagrams.(Jan’13 OLD) [NLJIET]
4 Discuss PLA in detail. (June’16 OLD) [NLJIET] 07
Write short note on Programmable Logic Arrays.(June’19 NEW) [NLJIET] 04
5 A combinational circuit is defined by functions:(May’11 OLD)(Jan’17 NEW) [NLJIET] 07,07
F1(A,B,C) = ∑(3, 5, 6, 7)
F2(A,B,C) = ∑(0, 2, 4, 7)
Implement the circuit with PLA having three inputs, four product term and two outputs
6 A combinational circuit is defined by the function F1 (A, B, C,) = Σ m (4, 5, 7) 07
F2 (A, B, C,) = Σ m (3, 5, 7) Implement the circuit with a PLA having 3 inputs, 3 product
term & 2 outputs. (Dec’19 NEW) [NLJIET]
7 Draw and explain in brief block diagram of CPLD. Also compare CPLD with FPGA. 07
(Nov’20 NEW) [NLJIET]
8 Draw and explain in detail the block diagram of CPLD.(March’21 NEW) [NLJIET] 07

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 New L J Institute of Engineering and Technology Semester: III(2021)

Subject Name: Effective Technical Communication

Subject Code: 3130004
Faculties: Parinda Prajapati,Neha Sisodiya

Sr. CHAPTER NO- 1: DYNAMICS OF COMMUNICATION Marks

No
TOPIC:1 Definition and Process
SHORT QUESTIONS
Feedback means…………… the receiver’s message.(Dec-2015-Old)[NLJIET] 01
a. encoding
1. b. decoding
c. transmission of
d. ideation of
Communication is a _____ exchange process. (one way, two way, group). (May-2016- 01
2.
Old)[NLJIET]
The communication which is in speaking is called____ (written, oral) (May-2016- 01
3.
Old)[NLJIET]
Oral communication provides opportunity of immediate feedback. True or False? (May- 01
4.
2016-Old)[NLJIET]
5. Communication always involves words. “True or False? (May-2016-Old)[NLJIET] 01
The ____ are especially helpful means of communicating nonverbally. ( kinesics, 01
6.
Proxemics, chronemics) (May-2016-Old)[NLJIET]
The encoder is the individual who receives a message from another. 01
7.
True or False? (May-2016-Old)[NLJIET]
The means by which a message moves from the sender to the receiver is the channel. 01
8.
True or False? (May-2016-Old)[NLJIET]
Understanding is the act of interpreting message by following grammatical and semantic 01
9.
rules. (May-2016-Old)[NLJIET]
Which one of the following statements is NOT TRUE about communication? 01
a. The sender and receiver both should be interested in having proper communication.
b. The basic purpose of any communication is to make the receiver understand the
10. intended message.
c. Communication will be without any flaw if the sender and the receiver are interested in
the communication process.
d. Barriers can occur at any stage of communication. (Dec-2017-Old)[NLJIET]
State if the following statements are TRUE or FALSE. Rewrite the FALSE statements 01
11. making necessary corrections:
Verbal and Oral Communication are interchangeable. (Dec-2017-Old)[NLJIET]
_________ Communication is generally used in a friendly conversation. (Formal, 01
12.
Informal, Non-verbal) (May-2018-Old)[NLJIET]
We use this type of language when speaking to a friend. (Dec-2014-Old)[NLJIET] 01
a. Formal
13.
b. Informal
c. Friendly
DESCRIPTIVE QUESTIONS
1. What is communication? Discuss the process of communication in detail. (Dec-2013- 07
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New L J Institute of Engineering and Technology Semester: III(2021)

Old)[NLJIET] or What is communication? Explain the process of communication with

it’s diagram. (May-2016-Old)[NLJIET]
Explain the process of communication with the help of its model. (Dec-2014- 03
2.
Old)[NLJIET]
Discuss communication process with a diagram. Discuss its steps in detail. (June-2015- 07
3.
Old)[NLJIET]
4. Communication is a two-way process. – Justify the statement. (May-2017-Old)[NLJIET] 04
Write a note on any three barriers to effective communication. Give appropriate examples. 07
5.
(Dec-2014-Old)[NLJIET]
Enlist different barriers to communication. Discuss any one of them in detail. (June-2015- 03
6.
Old)[NLJIET]
“The role of receiver and sender keeps on changing in communication.” – Illustrate 04
7.
.(Dec-2015-Old)[NLJIET]
8. Explain the importance of Feedback in Communication. (Jan-2017-Old)[NLJIET] 03
Explain and give one example of all the levels of communication. (Jan-2017- 04
9.
Old)[NLJIET]
Illustrate the process of communication with diagram and give your own example to 07
10.
explain the meaning of communication. (Jan-2017-Old)[NLJIET]
11. Write any one definition of Communication and explain it. (Dec-2017-Old)[NLJIET] 03
What is a feedback? How does it help in or hamper the process of communication? (Dec- 04
12.
2017-Old)[NLJIET]
13. Explain the process of communication. (Jan-2019-Old) [NLJIET] 04
14. Enumerate the various levels of communication. (Jan-2017-Old)[NLJIET] 07
Define the term ‘communication’ and explain the process with the help of a diagram. 07
15.
(Nov-2019-New) [NLJIET]
16. What is meant by communication skill? [NLJIET] 03
17. Explain types of communication. [NLJIET] 07
What is the difference between technical communication and general communication? 04
18.
[NLJIET]
19. Explain intrapersonal communication. [NLJIET] 05
20. Explain organizational communication. [NLJIET] 05
21. What is difference between oral and written communication? [NLJIET] 07
22. What are the barriers of communication? [NLJIET] 05
23. Explain verbal form of communication. [NLJIET] 07
What is Communication? Illustrate the Communication Process with a proper diagram. 07
24.
(Oct-2020-New) [NLJIET]
25. Define the term ‘communication’ with suitable examples. (Mar-2021-New) [NLJIET] 03
TOPIC:2 Kinesics, Proxemics
SHORT QUESTIONS
……... is the study of communication done through the use of time. 01
.(Dec-2015-Old)[NLJIET]
a. Kinesics
1.
b. Proxemics
c. Chronemics
d. Para-Linguistics
Kinesics studies pauses and punctuation marks as well. True or False? 01
2.
(Dec-2015-Old)[NLJIET]
_______is an example of non-verbal communication in print form. (May-2017- 01
3.
Old)[NLJIET]
4. Which of the following is TRUE about Gestures? 01
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New L J Institute of Engineering and Technology Semester: III(2021)

a. Gestures always enhance the effectiveness of communication.

b. Cracking knuckles while speaking is a good gesture.
c. Handshake can indicate warmth as well as lack of interest.
d. The meaning of a gesture may change with cultures. (Dec-2017-Old)[NLJIET]
In face to face communication, avoiding eye contact is likely to mean 01
5. a. Paying attention b. Disinterest
c. Confidence d. Defensiveness(Dec-2017-Old)[NLJIET]
. …………………. helps a reader in quickly identifying the information required. 01
6. a. Skimming b. Scanning
c. Extensive Reading d. Intensive Reading (Dec-2017-Old)[NLJIET]
_________ is the study of Communication through the use of body movements. 01
7.
(Chronemics, Proxemics, Kinesics) (May-2018-Old)[NLJIET]
Proxemics studies communication by identifying the space between individuals. True or 01
8.
False? (May-2018-Old)[NLJIET]
Body language is a part of verbal communication. True or False? (May-2018- 01
9.
Old)[NLJIET]
_____ is a part of non-verbal communication. (Kinesics, Letter, E-mail) (Jan-2019-Old) 01
10.
[NLJIET]
True or False. Correct the statement if it is False. 01
11.
Cracking knuckles while speaking is not a good gesture. (Jan-2019-Old) [NLJIET]
DESCRIPTIVE QUESTIONS
“You cannot not communicate…you communicate just by being.” Explain the statement 07
1.
in light of ‘kinesics’. (Dec-2013-Old)[NLJIET]
“In communication, what you say is important but how you say it is more important.”- 07
2.
Discuss the statement giving appropriate examples (June-2015-Old)[NLJIET]
Enlist the components of non-verbal communication. Discuss any two of them in detail. 07
3.
(June-2014-Old)[NLJIET]
‘Communication is the backbone of any organization’ – Justify the statement. 04
4. Elaborate the terms ‘Kinesics’ and ‘Proxemics’. Give examples. (Dec-2014-
Old)[NLJIET]
Write a short note on the following (Any Two). 07
5.
(1) Kinesics, (2) Paralanguage in presentation, (June-2015-Old)[NLJIET]
Write a short note on the following. (Any Two) 07
6.
(1) Proxemics (May-2016-Old)[NLJIET]
Write note on the following: 04
7.
1) Kinesics 2) Proxemics (Jan-2017-Old)[NLJIET]
8. Explain Proxemics in brief. (May-2017-Old)[NLJIET] 03
Discuss non-verbal communication with special reference to Kinesics. (May-2017- 07
9.
Old)[NLJIET]
“Action speaks louder than words” – Illustrate the statement with reference to nonverbal 07
10.
communication. (Dec-2017-Old)[NLJIET]
Write a note on the Components of Non-Verbal Communication. (May-2018- 07
11.
Old)[NLJIET]
12. What is Chronemics? (Jan-2019-Old) [NLJIET] 03
13. What is proxemics? (Jan-2019-Old) [NLJIET] 03
Define nonverbal communication and enlist various components of nonverbal 03
14.
communication. (Nov-2019-New) [NLJIET]
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New L J Institute of Engineering and Technology Semester: III(2021)

Explain the term ‘kinesics’ and its components - facial expressions, gestures, postures, eye 04
15.
contact, touch in (Nov-2019-New) [NLJIET]
Define the term ‘Proxemics’ and explain intimate space, personal space, social space and 04
16.
public space. (Nov-2019-New) [NLJIET]
With reference to nonverbal communication, explain the use of hapitcs chronemics and 07
17.
proxemics. [NLJIET]
18. Define the terms: (i) Proxemics (ii) Kinesics (Oct-2020-New) [NLJIET] 04
How does the body language play an important role in an interview? (Oct-2020-New) 03
19.
[NLJIET]
20. Explain the term ‘proxemics’ with suitable examples. (Mar-2021-New) [NLJIET] 03
TOPIC 3: Paralinguistic features
SHORT QUESTIONS
_______ is the paralinguistic feature used for showing the mood or attitude of the speaker. 01
1.
(May-2017-Old)[NLJIET]
DESCRIPTIVE QUESTIONS
Your friend is going to make presentation on “paralinguistics‟ in a workshop. To help 07
1. your friend, write its content outline and your tips for making it effective. (June-2014-
Old)[NLJIET]
Write a short note on the following (Any Two). 07
2.
(1) Kinesics, (2) Paralanguage in presentation, (June-2015-Old)[NLJIET]
3. Explain the nonverbal aspects of paralinguistics.(Jan-2019-Old) [NLJIET] 04
What are paralinguistic features? Explain their importance with special reference to 03
4.
delivering a presentation.(Nov-2019-New) [NLJIET]
5. Write a short note on Paralinguistic features [NLJIET] 07
6. Give examples of Paralinguistic features [NLJIET] 07
What non-verbal features does Paralinguistic include? Explain any three in 07
7.
detail.[NLJIET]
8. Explain the functions of intonation in Paralinguistic. [NLJIET] 07
9. How do the paralinguistic features affect a presenter? (Oct-2020-New) [NLJIET] 03
What are the paralinguistic features? Explain with suitable illustrations. (Mar-2021-New) 07
10.
[NLJIET]
TOPIC 4: Importance of Interpersonal and Intercultural Communication in today’s
organizations
DESCRIPTIVE QUESTIONS
Explain significance of intercultural and interpersonal communication in professional life. 03
1.
(Nov-2019-New) [NLJIET]
2. What are the advantages of Intercultural Communication? [NLJIET] 04
3. Write a short note on Interpersonal Communication.[NLJIET] 07
4. What are the examples of Intercultural Communication in Business? [NLJIET] 07
5. What are the challenges related to Intercultural Communication? [NLJIET] 04
6. Explain the types of Intercultural Communication. [NLJIET] 07
Explain communication across cultures as a barrier to effective communication. 07
7.
[NLJIET]
8. What is the role of intercultural communication in work life? (Mar-2021-New) [NLJIET] 04

CHAPTER NO- 2: TECHNICAL WRITING

TOPIC 1: Report writing
SHORT QUESTIONS
Which of the following is a compulsory part of a report? (Dec-2015-Old)[NLJIET] 01
1.
a. Table of content
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New L J Institute of Engineering and Technology Semester: III(2021)

b. Recommendations/Conclusions
c. Bibliography
d. Acknowledgement
A technical report presents conclusions on the basis of 01
2. a. Intuitions b. Investigations
c. Instincts d. Impressions (Dec-2017-Old)[NLJIET]
The topic sentence should always be written at the end of the paragraph. True or False 01
3.
(May-2018-Old)[NLJIET]
4. The full form of e-mail is electric mail. True or False (May-2018-Old)[NLJIET] 01
DESCRIPTIVE QUESTIONS
Micromax co. Ltd, Mumbai wants to establish a new plant near Sanand, Gujarat. As 7
1. a consultant engineer, write a feasibility report on establishing a factory in Sanand,
Gujarat. (Dec-2013-Old)[NLJIET]
Your company decides to establish a plant in Vatva, Ahmedabad. You, as an engineer, are 07
2. supposed to submit the report stating all possibilities and requirements for such. Write a
report. (June-2014-Old)[NLJIET]
Draft a 100-word report on a technical festival hosted by your college. (Dec-2014- 03
3.
Old)[NLJIET]
Your company has sent you to visit a reputed factory to observe its manufacturing process. 07
4. Write a full length report mentioning your recommendations to the Chief Manager of your
company to implement in the same process in your company. (June-2015-Old)[NLJIET]
Smart Mobile Company wishes to launch a new mobile in the market. They have asked 07
you to do a survey on the features which are mostly preferred by youngsters in their
mobiles. You have conducted a survey of the students on the Features Preferred by
5.
Collegians in a Mobile. Draft a report to be submitted to the Production Manager of the
company.
(Dec-2015-Old)[NLJIET]
A survey conducted on satisfaction about college professor” in your college. Write a 07
6.
report summarizing your findings. (May-2016-Old)[NLJIET]
A national technical event was organized at your institute. As a co-ordinator, write a 04
7.
report on the same to be submitted to the principal. (May-2017-Old)[NLJIET]
Write a paragraph of 150 to 200 words on Professional Skills required for an Engineer 04
8.
(Dec-2017-Old)[NLJIET]
Draft a report on various curricular, co-curricular and extra-curricular activities organized 07
9.
in your department / college to be published on GTU website. (Dec-2017-Old)[NLJIET]
Enlist the points to be kept in mind for writing an effective e-mail (May-2018- 04
10.
Old)[NLJIET]
11. Enlist the types of Reports. (May-2018-Old)[NLJIET] 03
A serious accident had taken place at a company plant few days ago. As manager of the 07
12. plant, prepare a detailed report on it with a view to the causes, damage done and
precautions for future. (Nov-2019-New) [NLJIET]
13. What are the different forms of written communication? [NLJIET] 05
14. What is a Report? Write the types of reports. (Oct-2020-New) [NLJIET] 03
Prepare a report on your observations on covid-19 guidelines followed by people living 07
15.
around you. (Mar-2021-New) [NLJIET]
TOPIC 2: Technical proposal , Technical description
DESCRIPTIVE QUESTIONS
1. A leading university in your city has sought proposals for setting up a computer lab in its 07
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New L J Institute of Engineering and Technology Semester: III(2021)

campus. As an expert in the field, draft a proposal to the registrar of the university. (Nov-
2019-New) [NLJIET]
Prepare technical description of any one tool, mechanism or a piece of equipment with 04
2.
useful information and a clean diagram. (Nov-2019-New) [NLJIET]
3. Explain different types of Technical proposals. [NLJIET] 04
4. Explain the structure/format of technical proposal. [NLJIET] 07
An agency has just started using a new online data system, but the user’s manual is 07
5. technically complex and difficult to read. You receive a request for proposals from this
agency to write a simplified guide or startup guide. [NLJIET]
An organization wants a seminar in your expertise. You write a proposal to give the 07
6. seminar—included in the package deal is a guide or handbook that the people attending
the seminar will receive. [NLJIET]
Imagine that a company has a problem or wants to make some sort of improvement. The 07
7. company sends out a request for proposals; you receive one and respond with a proposal.
[NLJIET]
8. What is the importance and what are the applications of technical proposals? [NLJIET] 07
9. Define a technical proposal.[NLJIET] 03
10. What are the different purposes for which technical proposals are necessary?[NLJIET] 05
With reference to introductory part of technical proposal, explain the requirement and 07
11. details of cover page, title page, covering letter and summary of proposal. [NLJIET]
12. Explain a typical format of technical proposal, specified by an US consultant.[NLJIET] 07
Explain the format of proposal for developing a laboratory, under MODROB 07
13. (Modernisation and Removal of Obsolescence) scheme of All India Council for Technical
Education.[NLJIET]
What is meant by a technical description? What are the different forms of technical 07
14. descriptions? [NLJIET]
What is the difference in the technical description of an object and technical description of 07
15.
a process?[NLJIET]
16. Discuss the guidelines for preparation of a technical description.[NLJIET] 07
17. What details are covered in the technical description?[NLJIET] 07
18. What are the suggestions for effective technical description?[NLJIET] 07
19. Explain the various components of a technical description.[NLJIET] 07
With reference to components of technical description, explain introduction, background, 07
20.
parts and characteristics.[NLJIET]
With reference to components of technical description, explain chronological 07
21.
organization, headings and list of parts.[NLJIET]
As a founder of your startup, you want to launch your startup into the market. You need 04
22. some financial support from the prospective investors. Write an unsolicited technical
proposal to the investors. (Oct-2020-New) [NLJIET]
23. Describe technically the latest earphone. (Oct-2020-New) [NLJIET] 04
Being an engineering student, write a technical description of an object by drawing the 07
24.
object and mentioning its technical parts in detail. (Mar-2021-New) [NLJIET]
TOPIC 3: Business letters(sales, order, complaint, adjustment, inquiry,
recommendation, appreciation, apology, acknowledgement, cover letter)
SHORT QUESTIONS
State if the following statements are TRUE or FALSE. Rewrite the FALSE statements 01
1. making necessary corrections: (Dec-2017-Old)[NLJIET]
Salutation and Complimentary Close are punctuated with a comma in a business letter.
2. Which signature is the most formal? (Dec-2014-Old)[NLJIET] 01

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New L J Institute of Engineering and Technology Semester: III(2021)

a. Love,
b. Yours faithfully,
c. Best wishes
I am one of the qualities of a good business letter. My presence ensures logical linkage 01
among the sentences and paragraphs. Who am I?
(Dec-2015-Old)[NLJIET]
3. a. Correctness
b. Coherence
c. Completeness
d. Clarity
True or False. Correct the statement if it is False. (Jan-2019-Old) [NLJIET] 01
4. Block format is typically used for personal letters. In block format, the entire text is right
aligned.
DESCRIPTIVE QUESTIONS
Write a letter on behalf of the College cultural committee to Publications Division, New 07
Delhi, a media unit of the Ministry of Information and Broadcasting, Government of
1.
India, inviting to organize the exhibition cum sale on the books of Indian freedom struggle
in your college campus.(Jan-2019-Old) [NLJIET]
As a student of engineering, you want to purchase a laptop for your personal use. Write a 07
2. letter of inquiry asking prices, configuration, discount, and mode of payment, terms and
conditions to The Sony Electronics, Bangalore. (Dec-2013-Old)[NLJIET]
As an HR Manager of HRS Ltd., write a letter to the editor of Times of India daily to 04
3. inquire about the procedure and rates of publishing recruitment related advertisements in
the newspaper. (Dec-2014-Old)[NLJIET]
Soniya Modi from 4/20, Nirmal Society, Opp. Gujarat Township, Mehsana writes a letter 07
to the Manager, Shashi Computers, 84-O, Grand Enclave, Paldi Char Rasta, Ahmedabad
4.
complaining about the damaged condition of the computer she received recently. Write the
letter on her behalf. (June-2015-Old)[NLJIET]
You have recently purchased a mobile from High-tech Mobiles, ISKON Mall, 07
Ahmedabad. While using the mobile you have found that it is not working properly. Draft
5. a letter of complaint detailing the problems you are facing. Mention clearly the adjustment
you wish.
(Dec-2015-Old)[NLJIET]
Your department wishes to make a visit to Tata Motors’ plant for the Tata Nano at 04
Sanand. Send an inquiry mail to the HR Manager Sanand Branch requesting for the
6.
permission to visit the plant. Give necessary details like date, time of visit, approximate no
of students and faculty members. (Dec-2015-Old)[NLJIET]
Aadhya Fashions, Bhavnagar is interested to place a large order for readymade garments 07
7. manufactured by Fashion Fabrics Limited, Jaipur. Draft a letter inquiring the Quotations
and product details from Aadhya Fashions. (May-2016-Old)[NLJIET]
You had purchased a mobile from a store in Galaxy Mall, Rajkot. After using it for a day, 04
8. you realized that the battery of the phone is not working properly. Write a letter to the
company for arranging for the exchange/ return. (Jan-2017-Old)[NLJIET]
You are a customer care officer at Gloria Electronics, Tagore Road, Vadodara. Mr. Raj 07
Sampat, Harihar Road, Dharmaj has sent you a complaint letter for a laptop, purchased
9.
online from your enterprise, received in a damaged condition. With reference to this, write
an adjustment letter. (May-2017-Old)[NLJIET]
Maruti Shipping Company, Vishakhapatnam has placed an order of Port Crane to Anupam 07
10. Engineering Ltd, Vadodara. However, the company neither has dispatched the crane nor
has sent any reason for not sending the crane. On behalf of Maruti Shipping Company,

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New L J Institute of Engineering and Technology Semester: III(2021)

Vishakhapatnam, write a letter to Anupam Engineering Ltd, Vadodara about the reason
for not sending the crane and state the inconvenience faced by the company.(Dec-2017-
Old)[NLJIET]
You are the coordinator of Entrepreneurship Club of your college. You wish to organize a 04
One-Day Awareness Programme on Entrepreneurship Policies of Government of Gujarat.
11.
Draft an email conveying necessary details to [email protected] inviting her to be
the Resource Person of the programme. (Dec-2017-Old)[NLJIET]
As a student career development coordinator of your college, draft an email to invite HR 03
12. Manager, Acer India, to deliver a talk to the students of Information Technology. (Dec-
2014-Old)[NLJIET]
You have made an online purchase of a laptop from Sony Computers, Ahmedabad. The 07
laptop delivered to you is in a damaged condition. Write a complaint letter to the
13.
Customer Care Centre of Sony Computers and ask for replacement(May-2018-
Old)[NLJIET]
A cultural event was organized at your college in which students from technical colleges 07
14. all over Gujarat participated. Draft a Report on the same that is to be sent to the Principal.
(May-2018-Old)[NLJIET]
15. Discuss in detail the parts of a Business Letter. (May-2018-Old)[NLJIET] 07
Your company has ordered 50 computers. On receiving the consignment, you came to 03
know that three computers are not found as per configuration sent. As manager, write a
16.
letter of complaint to the manager, ABB Corporation, Hyderabad. (Nov-2019-New)
[NLJIET]
Bharat Industries from 103, GIDC, Baroda wants to purchase an industrial tool from Giant 07
Tools Firm, M G Road, Mumbai. On behalf of Bharat Industries, you are given the
17.
responsibility to write a letter of inquiry regarding the industrial tool. Draft the letter.
(Nov-2019-New) [NLJIET]
18. What are the different purposes, for which letters are written? [NLJIET] 04
19. Mention the general features of any business letter. [NLJIET] 05
20. Explain how and why subject and reference are covered in any business letter. [NLJIET] 07
Explain how various details, at the sender end are covered in any business letter. 07
21.
[NLJIET]
22. Mention some general points and precautions, necessary for business letters. [NLJIET] 07
Write a complaint letter from the office of a principal of an engineering college, to a 07
23.
supplier, who has supplied assembled computers of lower quality. [NLJIET]
Write an inquiry letter for the purchase of a “Water Treatment Plant” required by a small 07
24.
chemical industrial enterprise. [NLJIET]
You are working as a private technical consultant. You are shifting to a new office. Write 07
25.
a letter inviting chairman of some industry to inaugurate your office. [NLJIET]
As a Grievance Redressal Officer in an auto insurance company, address the complaint 07
26. about the partial approval of the claim from a customer through a letter. (Oct-2020-New)
[NLJIET]
You are a Chief Engineer of one of the projects of the ISRO. Under your guidance, your 07
27. team has achieved an excellent accomplishment. Appreciate your team members about the
achievement by writing a letter. (Oct-2020-New) [NLJIET]
28. Enlist the dos and don’ts of letter writing. (Mar-2021-New) [NLJIET] 03
TOPIC 4: Agenda of meeting, Minutes of meeting
DESCRIPTIVE QUESTIONS
A meeting was organized to plan the annual tech-fest of your institute. Agenda like 04
1.
selection of events, getting finance and forming the faculty and student committees were
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New L J Institute of Engineering and Technology Semester: III(2021)

discussed during the meeting. Prepare minutes of the meeting. (Nov-2019-New)

[NLJIET]
The Super High School, School Site Council met in regular session on 07
Tuesday, November 15, 2018, at 5:00 p.m. The meeting was held at Super
2.
High School, 801 Glenwood Ave., Atlanta, GA 30316 in the library. Write minutes of
meeting in a proper format for the above meeting. [NLJIET]
Write an agenda for weekly team meeting held at Zymr systems located in Silicon Valley 07
3.
. [NLJIET]
4. Write an agenda for Annual sales. [NLJIET] 04
Write minutes of meeting for review meeting held for product development and planning 07
5. process.
[NLJIET]
What are the differences between Agenda of a meeting and Minutes of a meeting? (Oct- 03
6.
2020-New) [NLJIET]
You are the meeting organizer. Define the agenda of meeting that you want to discuss 04
7.
with the members. (Mar-2021-New) [NLJIET]
8. Enlist dos and don’ts of minutes of meeting (Mar-2021-New) [NLJIET] 04
TOPIC 5: Resume writing
DESCRIPTIVE QUESTIONS
You are a final year student of Engineering. You have come across an advertisement for 07
1. the post of an executive engineer. Draft a resume along with a cover letter to be sent to the
company. (Nov-2019-New) [NLJIET]
Amazo Engineering Solutions, Ayyappa Road, Chennai needs assistant engineers from all 07
branches for its various projects across the country. Draft an application for the same
2.
stating your desirable place to work, education details etc. (June-2014-Old)[NLJIET]

ABV super store requires a dedicated customer service manager with extensive experience 07
3. in “big box” retail and food service settings. Draft an application for the same stating your
desirable place to work, education details etc. [NLJIET]
Zelus technolab is in urgent requirement of Company secretary who can provide 07
administrative support for senior managers that included coordinating calendars; arranging
4. travel; and creating reports, spreadsheets, PowerPoint presentations and board meeting
minutes.Draft an application for the same stating your desirable place to work, education
details etc. [NLJIET]
Apprika Systems requires a Mean Stack Developer having hands-on experience in real- 07
world projects with minimum of 4 years’ experience in development and 2 years’ in
5.
project management. Draft an application for the same stating your desirable place to
work, education details etc. [NLJIET]
6. What is the difference between a Resume and a Curriculum Vitae? [NLJIET] 07
7. What are the precautions necessary, while preparing the resume? [NLJIET] 07
8. Describe in detail, the general structure of a curriculum vitae. [NLJIET] 07
9. Why covering letter is necessary with the CV or resume? [NLJIET] 07
10. What are the general contents of a resume? [NLJIET] 07
11. What additional points can be covered by the beginners in the CV? [NLJIET] 07
Prepare a resume of your own imagining that you are a final year student and applying for 07
12.
a job in your dream company. (Mar-2021-New) [NLJIET]

CHAPTER NO 3 : TECHNICAL COMMUNICATION

TOPIC 1: Public speaking
SHORT QUESTIONS
1. State if the following statements are TRUE or FALSE. Rewrite the FALSE statements 01
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New L J Institute of Engineering and Technology Semester: III(2021)

making necessary corrections:

Demographic data is used in analyzing an audience.(Dec-2017-Old)[NLJIET]
DESCRIPTIVE QUESTIONS
Use one of the common organizational patterns to create three main points for your next 07
1.
speech.[NLJIET]
2. What Are the Five Organizational Patterns for Public Speaking?[NLJIET] 07
Which speech format does the following outline represent? Explain it in detail.[NLJIET] 04
Specific To persuade my audience to invest in
Purpose VetoMax

3. I. Tell the history of VetoMax.

II. Explain the VetoMax advantage.
Main Points
III. Describe the VetoMax pledge to
investors.
Bobby is creating a speech related to the Hawaiian islands. He plans on talking about each 04
4. of the islands in order from southeast to northwest. Which speech format is probably the
most effective for Bobby’s speech? Also Write main points of his speech.[NLJIET]
5. What are different methods of delivering a speech? Explain in detail.[NLJIET] 07
Which speech delivery method would you most prefer a speaker to use if you were an 07
6.
audience member and why?[NLJIET]
7. Explain how you can make your speeches more interesting.[NLJIET] 07
The director of JIVE company wants to give a warm welcome on 5th Annual conference of 07
8.
the company. Write a welcome speech for him to deliver. [NLJIET]
Write a speech for VOTE OF THANKS after completion of cultural festival of your 07
9.
college. [NLJIET]
One of your faculty members is going abroad next month. Deliver a FAREWELL 07
10.
SPEECH on behalf of entire students committee on his last day of college.[NLJIET]
Define Public Speaking. Discuss the important tips for effective public speaking skills 07
11.
(Oct-2020-New) [NLJIET]
TOPIC 2: Group discussion
DESCRIPTIVE QUESTIONS
What is group discussion as part of the recruitment process? Which key skills are essential 04
1.
for successful participation in group discussion? (Nov-2019-New) [NLJIET]
2. Give Difference Between GD and Debate[NLJIET] 07
3. Describe 8 Personality Traits to be Evaluated in a Group Discussion[NLJIET] 07
Explain Group Etiquette and Mannerisms to be observed during a Group 07
4.
Discussion[NLJIET]
5. Explain different types of GD with examples.[NLJIET] 07
6. What is the scope of a group discussion at various stages? [NLJIET] 04
7. How the group discussion is conducted as a part of selection process? [NLJIET] 04
8. Explain the guidelines for the group discussion.[NLJIET] 05
9. Explain the significance of role playing in a group discussion.[NLJIET] 05
10. What are the qualities assessed in group discussion?[NLJIET] 05
11. Discuss the preparations necessary for group discussion on case studies.[NLJIET] 05
12. Discuss some important tips for success in Group Discussion. (Oct-2020-New) [NLJIET] 03
13. Explain the dos and don’ts of group discussion in detail. (Mar-2021-New) [NLJIET] 07
TOPIC 3: Presentation strategies
SHORT QUESTIONS
1. For an effective presentation, preparation of outline is a first step. True or False 01

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New L J Institute of Engineering and Technology Semester: III(2021)

(Dec-2015-Old)[NLJIET]
Quality of questions determines the success of a presentation. True or False 01
2.
(Dec-2015-Old)[NLJIET]
During preparing for a presentation Material, Yourself, Audience must be considered. 01
3.
True or False (May-2016-Old)[NLJIET]
In ________ technique of presentation, the speaker reads from the written material during 01
4.
presentation. (May-2017-Old)[NLJIET]
Which of the following is not an effective technique of beginning your presentation? 01
a. Quotation
5. b. Anecdote
c. An outline of the presentation
d. Related headlines from a newspaper (Dec-2017-Old)[NLJIET]
DESCRIPTIVE QUESTIONS
Why is it important to define the purpose of presentation? Discuss the importance 07
1.
of ‘audience’ and ‘locale’ while making a presentation.(Dec-2013-Old)[NLJIET]
Your friend is going to make presentation on „paralinguistics‟ in a workshop. To help 07
2. your friend, write its content outline and your tips for making it effective. (June-2014-
Old)[NLJIET]
„Before you teach John, you should learn John.‟ Why is knowing audience and locale 07
3.
important for planning a presentation?(June-2014-Old)[NLJIET]
What do you mean by analysing audience and locale? (May-2017-Old)[NLJIET] OR 04,03,07
4.
What do you mean by analyzing audience and locale? (May-2016-Old)[NLJIET]
What is the importance of interaction among the presenter and audience during a 03
5.
presentation? (Dec-2014-Old)[NLJIET]
Mention five commonly faced problems by presenters while giving a presentation. Give 04
6.
examples. (Dec-2014-Old)[NLJIET]
You are supposed to deliver a presentation on role of youth in nation’s development. 07
7.
Prepare an outline of the presentation. (Dec-2014-Old)[NLJIET]
Justify the importance of proper body language and effective PowerPoint for delivering an 07
8.
effective presentation. (Dec-2014-Old)[NLJIET]
Your friend is going to make a presentation on ‘Importance of Internet Banking’ in a 03
9. community gathering. Provide your tips for making effective presentation. (June-2015-
Old)[NLJIET]
What are the purposes of presentation? Why should the presenter know his/her ‘audience’ 04
10.
before delivering presentation? (June-2015-Old)[NLJIET]
Write a short note on the following (Any Two). 07
11.
(1) Kinesics, (2) Paralanguage in presentation, (June-2015-Old)[NLJIET]
“Answers to the questions Who, Why, Where, When, How and What are essential while 07
12.
planning a presentation.” – Elucidate (Dec-2015-Old)[NLJIET]
Select a topic on which you wish to deliver a presentation. Prepare an outline of the 03
13.
content you would like to talk about in your presentation. (Dec-2015-Old)[NLJIET]
You are Advertising Manager of a company of FMCG goods. You design a presentation 03
14. for advertising of new launching FMCG product.
Presentation of various means of advertisement you target. (May-2016-Old)[NLJIET]
“Organizing content and preparing an outline plays a vital role in presentation”. Explain. 04
15.
(May-2016-Old)[NLJIET]
Prepare an outline of a presentation on any topic of your choice. (Jan-2017- 03
16.
Old)[NLJIET]
Planning, Preparing and Presenting all are equally important steps for an effective 07
17.
presentation. Justify the statement with supporting arguments. (Jan-2017-Old)[NLJIET]
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New L J Institute of Engineering and Technology Semester: III(2021)

18. Write a short-note on ‘Analyzing Audience and Locale’. (May-2017-Old)[NLJIET] 03

19. Prepare a Power Point Presentation on ‘E-mail Etiquettes’. (May17 Old)[NLJIET] 07
20. ‘Eye contact plays an important role in presentation.’- Explain (Dec-2017-Old)[NLJIET] 04
‘An effective presentation passes through three stages: Planning, Preparing and 07
21.
Performing.’ – Illustrate (Dec-2017-Old)[NLJIET]
Presentation delivery is organization of verbal skills, non-verbal skills and presentation 04
22.
styles. Explain. (May-2018-Old)[NLJIET]
23. Prepare an outline for presenting a topic of your choice. (May-2018-Old)[NLJIET] 04
You are invited to present before the students of science stream in a school on the topic – 07
24. ‘Mangalyaan: Indian's giant leap in space’. Prepare the presentation along with the
required tips. (Jan-2019-Old) [NLJIET]
25. Define the purpose of presentation. (Jan-2019-Old) [NLJIET] 03
What are paralinguistic features? Explain their importance with special reference to 03
26. delivering a presentation.(Nov-2019-New) [NLJIET]
Explain in detail the importance of presentation, for the students at various levels and the 07
27. professionals. [NLJIET]
28. Explain, how definition of purpose is important in a presentation. [NLJIET] 07
29. What is the general format of any presentation? [NLJIET] 07
30. What points are kept in mind, while organizing content of any presentation? [NLJIET] 07
31. Why outline of presentation is necessary to be prepared? [NLJIET] 07
32. Enumerate various modes of presentation. [NLJIET] 07
What is the importance of question answer session, in any presentation and explain how, it 07
33.
should be handled? [NLJIET]
34. Explain the strategies for an effective presentation. (Oct-2020-New) [NLJIET] 07
35. What are the presentation strategies? Define in detail. (Mar-2021-New) [NLJIET] 07
TOPIC 4: Interview skills
DESCRIPTIVE QUESTIONS
1. Describe steps in a Job Interview process[NLJIET] 07
2. Explain Different Stages in Job Interviews[NLJIET] 07
3. Describe different steps for preparing for a Job interview.[NLJIET] 07
4. Why are Verbal and Non-verbal Cues important during a job Interview?[NLJIET] 07
5. What is an interview? What is its significance? [NLJIET] 07
6. Enumerate the different types of interviews. [NLJIET] 07
7. Explain tele-interview and business interview. [NLJIET] 07
8. Enumerate the points to be considered, while preparing for interview. [NLJIET] 07
9. How mock interview can be arranged and how it is useful? [NLJIET] 07
10. Explain the importance of communication in an interview. [NLJIET] 07
11. Explain the general tips useful for the interview. [NLJIET] 07
TOPIC 5: Negotiation skills
DESCRIPTIVE QUESTIONS
Define negotiation skills. What are various stages of negotiation process? (Nov-2019- 03
1.
New) [NLJIET]
2. What is meant by Negotiation? Give Tips for Win-Win Negotiation.[NLJIET] 07
3. What are Different Types of Negotiation Styles? Explain in detail.[NLJIET] 07
4. Write the types of Negotiation. (Oct-2020-New) [NLJIET] 03
5. Enlist the negotiation skills with suitable illustrations. (Mar-2021-New) [NLJIET] 04
TOPIC 6: Critical and Creative thinking in communication
DESCRIPTIVE QUESTIONS
1. For effective communication, one must develop critical and creative thinking process. 03
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New L J Institute of Engineering and Technology Semester: III(2021)

Discuss. (Nov-2019-New) [NLJIET]

2. What is creative thinking? Explain Some creative thinking strategies[NLJIET] 07
3. Give examples of some Creative thinking challenges.[NLJIET] 07
4. What is critical thinking? Explain some characteristics of critical thinking[NLJIET] 07
5. Explain in detail different critical thinking strategies.[NLJIET] 07
6. Explain six levels of intellectual behaviour important in learning[NLJIET] 07
Differentiate between Creative Thinking and Critical Thinking. (Oct-2020-New) 04
7.
[NLJIET]
8. Explain critical thinking and creative thinking. (Mar-2021-New) [NLJIET] 03

CHAPTER NO 4 : ETHICS IN ENGINEERING

TOPIC 1: Scope of engineering ethics
DESCRIPTIVE QUESTIONS
1. How would you define Ethics? What Is Engineering Ethics? [NLJIET] 07
2. Why Study Engineering Ethics? [NLJIET] 07
3. Why ethics is called normative science?[NLJIET] 04
4. What is the nature and scope of ethics?[NLJIET] 07
5. Illustrate the term – Ethics. (Oct-2020-New) [NLJIET] 03
6. Explain the scope of the Engineering Ethics. (Oct-2020-New) [NLJIET] 07
7. What is Engineering Ethics? (Oct-2020-New) [NLJIET] 03
8. What do you mean by engineering ethics? Explain. (Mar-2021-New) [NLJIET] 03
TOPIC 2: Accepting and sharing responsibility
DESCRIPTIVE QUESTIONS
Explain different meanings of Responsibility (Senses of responsibility) in detail. 07
1.
[NLJIET]
Define: 1) Moral responsibility 2) Causal responsibility 3) Job responsibility 4) Legal 04
2.
responsibility [NLJIET]
3. Write short note on Responsibility.[NLJIET] 07
4. What do you mean by sharing and accepting responsibility? (Mar-2021-New) [NLJIET] 04
TOPIC 3: Responsible professionals and ethical corporations
DESCRIPTIVE QUESTIONS
1. Discuss Engineering as a Profession [NLJIET] 07
2. Explain Senses of Corporate Responsibility [NLJIET] 07
Explain the values required for accepting and sharing responsibility as an engineer. (Oct- 07
3.
2020-New) [NLJIET]
TOPIC 4: Resolving ethical dilemmas, Making moral choices
DESCRIPTIVE QUESTIONS
Define Engineering ethics. Explain significance of its study with reference to an individual 07
1.
and an organization. (Nov-2019-New) [NLJIET]
2. Write a brief note on ethical dilemma and steps to resolve it. (Nov-2019-New) [NLJIET] 03
3. Explain various approaches for making moral choices. (Nov-2019-New) [NLJIET] 03
4. Write short note on Responsibility.[NLJIET] 07
5. Explain in detail Steps in Resolving Ethical Dilemmas[NLJIET] 07
6. Illustrate with example 2 types of dilemmas.[NLJIET] 07
Which are five aspects of engineering decisions that highlight important aspects of moral 07
7.
decisions?[NLJIET]
With regard to each of the following cases, answer several questions. [NLJIET] 07(Each
1) What is the moral dilemma (or dilemmas), if any? Case)
8. 2) In stating the dilemma, make explicit the competing moral reasons involved.
Second, are there any concepts (ideas) involved in dealing with the moral issues
that it would be useful to clarify?
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New L J Institute of Engineering and Technology Semester: III(2021)

3) What factual inquiries do you think might be needed in making a reliable judgment
about the case?
4) What are the options you see available for solving the dilemma?
5) Which of these options is required (obligatory, all things considered) or
permissible (all right)?

Case 1. An inspector discovers faulty construction equipment and applies a violation tag,
preventing its continued use. The inspector’s supervisor, a construction manager, views
the case as a minor infraction of safety regulations and orders the tag removed so the
project will not be delayed. What should she do?

Case 2. A software engineer discovers that a colleague has been downloading restricted
files that contain trade secrets about a new product that the colleague is not personally
involved with. He knows the colleague has been having financial problems, and he fears
the colleague is planning to sell the secrets or perhaps leave the company and use them in
starting up his own company. Company policy requires him to inform his supervisor, but
the colleague is a close friend. Should he first talk with the friend about what he is doing,
or should he immediately inform his supervisor?

Case 3. An aerospace engineer is volunteering as a mentor for a high school team

competing in a national contest to build a robot that straightens boxes. The plan was to
help the students on weekends for at most eight to ten hours. As the national competition
nears, the robot’s motor overheats, and the engine burns out. He wants to help the
dispirited students and believes his mentoring commitment requires he do more. But doing
so would involve additional evening work that could potentially harm his work, if not his
family.

Case 4. During an investigation of a bridge collapse, Engineer A investigates another

similar bridge, and finds it to be only marginally safe. He contacts the governmental
agency responsible for the bridge and informs them of his concern for the safety of the
structure. He is told that the agency is aware of this situation and has planned to provide in
next year’s budget for its repair. Until then, the bridge must remain open to traffic.
Without this bridge, emergency vehicles such as police and fire apparatus would have to
use an alternate route that would increase their response time by approximately twenty
minutes. Engineer A is thanked for his concern and asked to say nothing about the
condition of the bridge. The agency is confident that the bridge will be safe.

Case 5. A cafeteria in an office building has comfortable tables and chairs, indeed too
comfortable: They invite people to linger longer than the management desires. You are
asked to design uncomfortable ones to discourage such lingering.
9. Why making moral choices are difficult? (Mar-2021-New) [NLJIET] 03

CHAPTER NO 5 : ETIQUETTES
TOPIC 1: Telephone etiquettes
SHORT QUESTIONS
1. True or False: After completing the conversation, just hang up. [NLJIET] 01
DESCRIPTIVE QUESTIONS
Write a note on etiquette that one should follow while receiving or placing a call for 04
1.
business purpose. (Nov-2019-New) [NLJIET]
2. Enlist the types of Etiquettes. Explain them in detail [NLJIET] 07
3. What are etiquettes? What is telephone etiquette? [NLJIET] 03
4. Why there is a need of etiquettes? List any two telephone etiquettes?[NLJIET] 04
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New L J Institute of Engineering and Technology Semester: III(2021)

5. What are the effective telephone etiquettes? (Oct-2020-New) [NLJIET] 04

6. Discuss telephonic etiquettes in detail. (Mar-2021-New) [NLJIET] 07
TOPIC 2: Etiquettes for foreign business trips
SHORT QUESTIONS (1 Mark) / MCQ / True False/Fill in the blanks
True or False: When travelling abroad for business, you are not only representing yourself, 01
1.
but your department, your company, and your country.[NLJIET]
DESCRIPTIVE QUESTIONS
1. Discuss: Corporate Etiquettes [NLJIET] 04
2. Write Dos and Don’ts of Foreign business trip. [NLJIET] 04
Elaborate Gift giving, meeting mannerism and Punctuality etiquettes of foreign business 07
3.
trips.[NLJIET]
4. Why is international business etiquette important?[NLJIET] 03
How does a successful businessman follow the business etiquettes on a foreign trip? (Oct- 04
5.
2020-New) [NLJIET]
TOPIC 3: Visits of foreign counterparts
DESCRIPTIVE QUESTIONS
How will you prepare for a business trip abroad? What manners and etiquettes will you 07
1.
follow? (Nov-2019-New) [NLJIET]
2. What are the protocols to visit foreign counterparts[NLJIET] 03
TOPIC 4: Etiquettes for small talks
SHORT QUESTIONS
1. True or False: Small talks are always for fun.[NLJIET] 01
DESCRIPTIVE QUESTIONS
1. What is the importance of small talks for business/ at workplace? [NLJIET] 03
What is the standard/polite etiquette for 10 seconds of small talk in a workplace when you 07
2.
repeat the exact same process with the exact same person every single day?[NLJIET]
3. What are the etiquettes for small talks? (Mar-2021-New) [NLJIET] 04
TOPIC 5: Respecting privacy
SHORT QUESTIONS
State if the following statements are TRUE or FALSE. Rewrite the FALSE statements 01
making necessary corrections:
1. BCC is used when one wants to protect the privacy of recipients of large mailings.(Dec-
2017-Old)[NLJIET]

True or False. Correct the statement if it is False (Jan-2019-Old) [NLJIET] 01

2.
CC is used to protect the privacy of recipients of large mailings.
DESCRIPTIVE QUESTIONS
1. What are privacy rights in the workplace?[NLJIET] 04
2. Write a short note on : Privacy culture[NLJIET] 04
3. What is respecting privacy? Explain.(Mar-2021-New) [NLJIET] 03
TOPIC 6: Learning to say NO
SHORT QUESTIONS
1. True or False: Saying No to same person for every work is acceptable. [NLJIET] 01
DESCRIPTIVE QUESTIONS
Why is it important to learn to say NO? How can it be expressed politely? (Nov-2019- 04
1.
New) [NLJIET]
Consider you are already running tight on schedule with current projects and one of your 07
2. old and loyal client requests you to take their work. How would you handle the situation
[NLJIET]
3. Under which circumstances saying No to work is good ? [NLJIET] 04
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New L J Institute of Engineering and Technology Semester: III(2021)

“Saying NO is a stepping stone in the life of a professional.” Illustrate the statement in the 07
4.
light of when and how to say NO. (Oct-2020-New) [NLJIET]
How can one say ‘NO’ politely with regards to time management? (Mar-2021-New) 03
5.
[NLJIET]
TOPIC 7: Time management
DESCRIPTIVE QUESTIONS
What are the techniques of effective time management? Explain advantages of time 07
1.
management. (Nov-2019-New) [NLJIET]
2. What are the 4 keys to time management? Explain[NLJIET] 04
3. What is time management? How to respect other people’s time?[NLJIET] 07
4. What is Time management? Enlist the benefits of Time management.[NLJIET] 07
Illustrate the importance of Time Management for a successful professional. (Oct-2020- 07
5.
New) [NLJIET]
Why effective time management is necessary for becoming a successful engineer? Discuss 07
6.
with suitable examples. (Mar-2021-New) [NLJIET]

CHAPTER NO 6 : SELF-DEVELOPMENT AND ASSESSMENT

TOPIC 1: Change, Grow, Persist, Prioritize, Read, Learn, Listen, Record,
Remember, Asses, Think, Communicate, Relate, Dream.
DESCRIPTIVE QUESTIONS
Elaborate the following verbs/actions for self development-Read, Learn, Listen, 07
1.
Remember, Think.. (Nov-2019-New) [NLJIET]
2. Write a brief note on: 1. Persist 2. Dream (Nov-2019-New) [NLJIET] 04
3. Write a brief note on: 1. Record 2. Assess 3. Communicate 4.Relate [NLJIET] 07
4. Explain the characteristics of the self-development. (Oct-2020-New) [NLJIET] 04
5. Explain the characteristics of the self-assessment. (Oct-2020-New) [NLJIET] 04
6. Write brief notes on ‘Change’ and ‘Grow’. (Mar-2021-New) [NLJIET] 04
Write brief notes on ‘Communicate’ and ‘Relate’ and ‘Dream’ (Mar-2021-New) 04
7.
[NLJIET]

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