Uniform Circular Motion

Uniform :

Objects moving in a circle at constant speed .

2
Linear
1.
Displacement (s)
•
s

• It is
length of the arc produced • 1

by about an
object moving in a circle °
a
point .

Although displacements are

but
supposed to be
straight lines

id
the shortest
for circular motion

sh
a ,

Ra
travel
to
from
distance 1 to 2
possible

an
is the arc
formed

sh
.

360°

Ka
- 21T rad
2.
Angular Displacement ( O)
by 180° IT rad
ics
-
ys

The subtended by the

angle are
Ph

90° rad
formed
when
object moves in
Iz
-

an

circle
a about a
point .

45° -

grad
The
angle is measured in radians
E

•
E

.
AT
C

180°
N

60° ? It
LE

-
EL

-
C

60°
EX
M

-
se
G
IN
U
SS

¥01T
RS

3. Linear
Velocity ( v ) V n
PU

+
-
R
FO
LA
ER
N
RT

^
The rate II rad
of change of
PA

✗
C

=
<•
R
U

3
YO

'
v
linear
about
displacement n
.

a
point .

SI Unit too

1¥
"
✓ = : ms

•i
to

• The linear velocity

of
the
body is tangent
to the the
point on v
,
circle .
2.
Angular velocity / speed (w )

The rate
of change of angular 2%-44
"

displacement about a
point .

i. •
Start
End
,

W= DI SI Unit : rads
-1

Dt

DI f- ¥
w= as = so

Dt
21T rad Dt hence
if DO so T w= 21T
¥
-

= -

2¥
**
w=2Tlf
w -
-

id
sh
Ra
an
sh
Revolutions ( N)
rpm per minute

Ka
:

N
f- 60
by
= ✗

frequency (
ics
: revolutions
per
second
rps )
ys
Ph

w=2Ñf
21T¥ )
w :
w=2ñN
so
60
E
E
AT
C
N
LE
EL
C
EX
M
G
IN
U

Relating
SS

' '
RS

'
'

and w
PU

v
R

*
FO
LA
ER
N

Dss
RT

ro
"

Applying the
"
PA

sector
C

s on
=p
-
R
U
YO

" •
"

Ds=r DO O
,
DO

T.is#-v--rw if
both sides
dividing by Dt

wrist
¥
var
-
-
r DI se
w :

, Dt t
his •

the that
A point is

↳ ÷:
•

v rw
further away from
=
B
center rotation
sa > SB covers
of linear
more

> VB in the
hence Va displ .
same

time than the one

that is closer .
 "

lad 4-
Centripetal Acceleration
' '
,

' ' '

y '
the rate
of change of
linear
velocity -
Ivi
about
point
-
a .
•

W r DO
-

y •

"
this acceleration is due to the
-

change aci -

=
of direction motion
of .

•
''

ao

I=Ñ+Ñ → /
, µ \

Ivi I
;¥y Ivf
→
a
pg
= I =
same

>

A-

s µÑ "
Ji + DJ =
Ñf
"

For small change of angle

a
very

id
DJ VI Ji
,

triangle be

sh
a
approximated
-

can
-
-

Ra
"
as a sector
rq
.

an
sh
s=rO v=rw
w=vg
as as

Ka
Dv DO Ac VW

by
=
✓✗ =

( rw )
ics
both sides ac= VW
dividing by Dt a. = w
ys

** ac
Yy )
Ph

-
-

rw2
¥t=Y¥ Ac =

Ac = V2
g-
A
E

=
VW
E

,
AT
C
N
LE
EL
C
EX
M
G
IN
U
SS

Force Ifc )
RS

Centripetal
PU
R
FO
LA

Case
centripetal force
ER
N
RT

The that
resultant
force stone &
causes
for
PA
C

1. tension
•
R
U
YO

to in circle
an
object
about
move a string
a point .

2.
Planetary Gravitation
It is title that is motion
a
given to
•

any tone which causes

your
circle 3. Election
object to move in a
around Electrostatic
about a point .

nucleus

4. Car
making Friction
force
a turn
 / / / / / / / / / I

f- net =
Fc > Fc = mac
weight Fc T W =
Fc
>
-

in
a
110+5 ) ✓ Fc = MVW

1- =
15N
Fc
f- net
m¥
^
✓
^
= ma :

1- 10N +
T W

;wÑ
= =
mac
"
-

F,
' '
-
mrw
rest i.
, ,
,
-
-

For circular motion

v v
an
object in

W -
-
ION W -10N -

of constant radius ,
Fc ✗ v2
.

the
greater speed the
,
the
greater
centripetal force .

id
Motion in Horizontal Circle

sh
a

Ra
an
Vertically . . .

µ sh
1-cost W

Ka
__

Tcoso
by
mg
-
-

TWSO I
ics
i
ys

dentin of rotation
Horizontally
Ph

. - .

•
② • -
-

• -
-
• •

Tsino act
centripetal force
-

* as

•
1-Sino >

F-net ma
E

=
E
AT
C
N

Fc
LE

= mac
EL
C
EX
M

Tsin O mvz
G

=
IN

✓
U

g-
SS
RS

on
PU
R
FO
LA
ER
N
RT

Tcoso ① ② ①
PA

÷
.mg
C

-
-
R
U
YO

Mit
-_¥g
1- ② Aino
sina.my -
=
hence tano
Icoso ring

if vine 0 also into

|
.
.

-
- -
-
• -

• •

¥ pure horizontal
T 0=90
-

n? A motion i. e.
.

>

• >
is not possible as no
force exists
I to balance weight !

Ñ
 Motion in Vertical Circle

1 .
Fact -_ ma •
4
2 . Fnet = Ma

T -
W -
-
Mac T T -

WWSO =
mac
I t
Fc
yw Fc
Or ° T 3

F, -
- T -
W ] ' •
T -

WWSO -

- Fo
a
^
F 1- =
Wcoso + Fc
T z •
VW T T T T

¥0 y=acosO + c

i. t t

Witt

id
TIN
amplitude int
•

sh
y
uw
-

Ra
Fctw -

an
'

01° cos 0 TIN

sh
'

Ka
'
V
I 0° 1 W -1 Fc

by
Fc -

; 1

90°
ics
,
0 Fc
I
1
ys

, 1
180 -1 Wi-Fi
Ph

I "
-

E- W
I 270° 0 Fc
-

oi
, ,

I >
360 1 Wtfc
op
90 180 270° 360°
E
E
AT
C
N
LE
EL
C

speed of
EX

Fret
M

4. ma minimum rotation
G

=
IN
U
SS
RS
PU
R

Fc=m¥ Fca v2
FO
LA

TtW= mac
ER
N
RT
PA
C
R
U
YO

1- + W=Fc
if W -10N -

,
at
position
Tension and
Weight , together
Fc
act as
centripetal force .
1- + w =

5+10 = 15N Speed of

W=Fc
if F- 0 ,

2 -110 12N
sedation
speed =

HY=m¥ should not

-→ 0+10=10 N
reduced
be less than r

this position
vmin =

jg 0+10 > 8N →
object falls
vertically .
Bike making a turn around a corner

R
,
R
^

12906
-
-
-

comet
-

corner
,
,

✗
§ *gy
✗
•

Fuel- = ma
s

Rhino + F = Mac

\ Rsino + f- = Fc
friction

id
W >
friction

sh
"

wv

Ra
.

higher speed

an
to turn at

sh
,

force
*
Fc=m¥F Fo is needed

Ka
more .

Rsino by increased by
ics
is
ys

"
"

O
Ph

increasing angle .
E
E
AT
C
N
LE
EL
C
EX
M
G
IN
U
SS
RS
PU
R
FO
LA
ER
N
RT
PA
C
R
U
YO
 4

Section A For
Examiner’s
Answer all questions in this section. Use

You are advised to spend about 1 hour 30 minutes on this section.

1 (a) A body is travelling in a circular orbit of radius r with constant speed v as shown in
Fig. 1.1.
✓
>
••
v
DO
Vi
②
>
SO
I DO
g- DV

I 4-

r for small DO triangle

id
,

sh
can be as sector
approx

Ra
.

v0

an
c. =

sh
DV = V DO

Ka
Fig. 1.1
by
ics
Use a vector diagram to show that the acceleration a of the body is given by
ys

4¥
Ph

a=
v2
r
E- =

Was =L a
= ✓
towards the centre of the circle.
E

v rw so w
E

=
AT
C
N
LE
EL

v1 :)
C
EX
M

a-
G
IN

-
U
SS
RS
PU
R
FO

Ig
LA

a-
ER
N
RT
PA
C
R
U
YO

[4]
© UCLES 2011 9792/03/M/J/11
 5
f- 41-12
(b) The drum of a spin drier has a rate of rotation of 4.0 revolutions per second. An object in For
the drum has a mass of 0.20 kg and rotates in a vertical circle of radius 0.16 m. Examiner’s
a- VW in
T Use

(i) Calculate the magnitude of the acceleration of the object.

a- lrwlw
a=¥
'

a=rW
"

a. rw
'

9--0.16×(211×4)
a= 101.06

101
acceleration = ........................................ m s–2 [2]

(ii) Calculate the magnitude of the resultant force on the object.

-

Fuel- =
ma

0.2×101.06

id
=

sh
Ra
= 20.2

an
sh
Ka
20
resultant force = ............................................. N [1]

by
ics
(iii) For each of the three positions shown in Fig. 1.2 draw arrows to represent the weight
ys

W of the object and the force D that the drum exerts on the object. Indicate how
Ph

these two forces always add to produce the resultant force of constant magnitude
calculated in (ii). "

M
"

'

÷☒w
E
E
AT
C
N
LE
EL
C
EX
M

¥☒-←⇐
G
IN
U
SS
RS
PU

¥
R
FO
LA
ER
N
RT

D
PA
C
R

+
U
YO

µ
,
lw

Fig. 1.2 [6]

[Total: 13]

© UCLES 2011 9792/03/M/J/11 [Turn over

 2 of 814
4

Section A For
Examiner’s
Answer all the questions in the spaces provided. Use

1 (a) (i) 1¥91

Define the radian. 5=10
the
angular displacement when the arc length
..................................................................................................................................

is equal to the radius the sector

of
..................................................................................................................................
.

.............................................................................................................................. [2]

(ii) A small mass is attached to a string. The mass is rotating about a fixed point P at
constant speed, as shown in Fig. 1.1.

mass rotating

id
at constant speed

sh
Ra
an
sh
Ka
P by
ics
ys
Ph

Fig. 1.1

Explain what is meant by the angular speed about point P of the mass.
It is the angular displacement covered angle /
..................................................................................................................................
E
E
AT
C
N

subtended the
by body unit time about a
LE
EL

per
..................................................................................................................................
C
EX
M
G
IN

fixed point
U
SS
RS

.............................................................................................................................. [2]
PU

.
R
FO
LA
ER
N
RT
PA
C
R
U
YO

© UCLES 2008 9702/04/M/J/08

 3 of 814
5

(b) A horizontal flat plate is free to rotate about a vertical axis through its centre, as shown For
in Fig. 1.2. Examiner’s
Use

plate

M
d

Fig. 1.2

A small mass M is placed on the plate, a distance d from the axis of rotation.

id
sh
The speed of rotation of the plate is gradually increased from zero until the mass is

Ra
seen to slide off the plate.

an
sh
The maximum frictional force F between the plate and the mass is given by the

Ka
expression
Fc
by
: Mac
ics
F = 0.72W, second
f- rev
per
ys
Ph

where W is the weight of the mass M.

The distance d is=
35 cm.
rpm
Determine the maximum number of revolutions of the plate per minute for the mass M to
remain on the plate. Explain your working.
E
E
AT
C
N

4.49 rads
friction centripetal
"
acts
LE

as W=
EL
C
EX
M

W 2 If
G

=
F Fc
IN

=
U
SS
RS

21-4=4.49
PU

"

0.72W
R

mrw
FO

=
LA
ER
N

"

mfrw
RT

0.724mg f 0.715 H2
PA
C

=
=
R
U
YO

"
rw
0.72
g
=
N =
f- ✗ 60

" =
0.715×60
O7¥§ =
W
= 42.9
43 rpm
number = ........................................... [5]

(c) The plate in (b) is covered, when stationary, with mud.

Suggest and explain whether mud near the edge of the plate or near the centre will first
'
leave the plate as the angular speed of the plate is slowly increased.
f- = mrw
The
Mud near the
edge leaves the
plate first
..........................................................................................................................................
.

F. ✗ r centripetal force is
directly proportional to radius
..........................................................................................................................................

so mud at is than that near center [2]

edge further
...................................................................................................................................... .

© UCLES 2008 9702/04/M/J/08 [Turn over

 49 of 814
6

2 A large bowl is made from part of a hollow sphere.

A small spherical ball is placed inside the bowl and is given a horizontal speed. The ball follows a
horizontal circular path of constant radius, as shown in Fig. 2.1.

ball

14 cm

id
sh
Fig. 2.1

Ra
an
The forces acting on the ball are its weight W and the normal reaction force R of the bowl on the

sh
Ka
ball, as shown in Fig. 2.2. ÑsinO=W
by
Rsino
•
ics
wall of Roos 0 F
ys

^
R
=

ball
.
Ph

bowl R = F-
cos 0

> > F Rsino = W

E

Rcoso
E
AT
C

( )
N

W
÷ since
LE

=
EL
C
EX
M
G
IN
U
SS
RS
PU

Fusing
W w
R
FO

-
LA

-
ER
N
RT
PA
C

Fig. 2.2
lFtanO
R
U
YO

The normal reaction force R is at an angle to the horizontal.

(a) (i) By resolving the reaction force R into two perpendicular components, show that the
resultant force F acting on the ball is given by the expression

W = F tan .

[2]
© UCLES 2014 9702/41/O/N/14
 50 of 814
7

(ii) State the significance of the force F for the motion of the ball in the bowl.
-

Force F acts as
centripetal force
...........................................................................................................................................
.

...................................................................................................................................... [1]

(b) The ball moves in a circular path of radius 14 cm. For this radius, the angle is 28°.
V
Calculate the speed of the ball.
W = F tan 0

nxg=m¥ tano
9.81 = I tan 28°
0.14

id
sh
Ra
"

V = 1.6 ms

an
1. 6

sh
speed = ............................................... m s−1 [3]

Ka
by
ics
ys
Ph
E
E
AT
C
N
LE
EL
C
EX
M
G
IN
U
SS
RS
PU
R
FO
LA
ER
N
RT
PA
C
R
U
YO

© UCLES 2014 9702/41/O/N/14 [Turn over