ENGLISH FOR BEGINNERS

COMMANDS
Repeat!

Again!

I say it in Portuguese

You say it in English

Any questions? Yes

No
 SAY IT

Red sauce Green salad Hot dog Cold juice

Chocolate Delicious
Orange soda A cup of tea
cake meal

A bottle of A glass of Cheese

Sweet wine
beer water sandwich
 SAY IT

Molho Cachorro
Salada verde Suco gelado
vermelho quente

Refrigerante Bolo de Refeição Uma xícara

de laranja chocolate deliciosa de chá

Uma garrafa Um copo de Sanduíche

Vinho doce
de cerveja água de queijo
 RECIPIENTS

A cup of A glass of A bottle of

_________ _________ _________
 ADJECTIVES
HOT DOG

Hot Cold
_________ _________
 ▪ A cup of hot _________.

▪ A cup of cold _________.

NOW LET’S PUT ▪ A glass of hot _________.

IT TOGETHER! ▪ A glass of cold _________.

▪ A bottle of hot _________.

▪ A bottle of cold _________.

 IMPORTANT PEOPLE!

I You And you?

▪ To eat – comer
▪ Como digo “Eu como”?

THE VERB
TO EAT
I eat _____________.
 To eat – comer
I eat ________.

I don’t eat ________.

TOP 5 Do you eat _________?

Don’t you eat _________?

Yes, I eat ________.
No, I don’t eat _________.
 ▪ To eat – comer
▪ I eat ________. affirmative
I don’t eat ________. negative

TOP 5 Do you eat _________? question

Don’t you eat _________? negative question
Yes, I eat ________. answer
No, I don’t eat _________. answer
 To drink – beber
I drink ________.
I don’t drink ________.

TOP 5 Do you drink _________?

Don’t you drink _________?

Yes, I drink ________.

No, I don’t drink _________.
 ▪ To drink – beber
▪ I drink ________. affirmative
I don’t drink ________. negative

TOP 5 Do you drink _________? question

Don’t you drink _________? negative question
Yes, I drink ________. answer
No, I don’t drink _________. answer
LISTENING COMPREHENSION
PRACTICE
 1. I eat cheese sandwich.

2. I don’t drink beer, and you?

LISTENING
3. Do you drink sweet wine?
COMPREHENSION
PRACTICE 4. Do you eat hot chocolate cake?

5. You eat green salad.

AT THE RESTAURANT:

A: Good morning, sir.

B: Good morning! A cup of hot coffee, please.

A: Sure, in a moment.

B: No problem.
Greetings:
A: Here you are, sir.
▪ Good morning
B: Thank you!
▪ Good afternoon
A: You’re welcome. ▪ Good evening

B: Have a nice day! ▪ Good night

TO LIKE

▪ To like – gostar ▪ To eat – comer

▪ Como digo “Eu gosto”? ▪ Como digo “Eu gosto de comer”?

▪ I like __________. ▪ I like to eat __________.

▪ I like chocolate cake. ▪ I like to eat hot dog.

▪ I don’t like chocolate cake. ▪ I don’t like to eat hot dog.

▪ Do you like chocolate cake? ▪ Do you like to eat hot dog?

▪ Don’t you like chocolate cake? ▪ Don’t you like to eat hot dog?
 AND; OR and WITH NOR
WITHOUT

________ AND _________

• I like red and white sauce.

________ OR _________

• I like to drink beer or wine.

________ WITH _________

• I like to drink coffee with milk.

 SAY IT

Big Fast
Old house New bicycle Silver car
apartment motorcycle

An expensive
A small dog Yellow bird Beautiful cat Flat TV
watch

Cheap cell French Diamond Golden

Black purse
phone perfume ring bracelet
 SAY IT

Apartamento
Casa velha Bicicleta nova Carro prata Moto rápida
grande

Um cachorro Pássaro TV de tela Um relógio

Gato bonito
pequeno amarelo plana caro

Celular Perfume Anel de Pulseira

Bolsa preta
barato francês diamante dourada
 UM
A or AN? ou
UMA

A AN

Usamos quando a próxima palavra começa Usamos quando a próxima palavra começa
com som de consoante com som de vogal

A house An apartment

A salad An orange
 NEW VERBS
To have – ter To prefer – preferir

Do you have a big dog?

Do you prefer to drink juice or soda?
Yes, I ___________________.
I ___________________.
No, I ___________________.

To buy - comprar To sell – vender

Do you buy bread every day?

Do you prefer to sell a watch or a cell phone?
Yes, I ___________________.
I ___________________.
No, I ___________________.
Do you prefer to drink water or juice?

Do you prefer to have a car or a motorcycle?

Do you prefer to buy a house or an apartment?

Do you have to buy fruits every day?

QUESTIONS
Do you have a bracelet and a ring?

Do you have a dog and a bird?

Do you like to have a bicycle?

Do you sell perfumes and purses?

 TO PREFER TO LIKE TO PREFER
+ + +
OR TO DRINK IN THE
EVENING

TO SELL TO HAVE TO BUY

+ + +
TIC TAC TOE AND TO BUY EVERY DAY

TO DRINK TO LIKE TO EAT

+ + +
WITH TO EAT IN THE
MORNING
 A PAIR OF ________

SAY IT

Small T-shirt Long skirt Blue pants Red shirt

Beautiful
Green jacket New sneakers Nice shorts
shoes

Colorful socks Purple dress

SAY IT

Camiseta Camisa
Saia longa Calça azul
pequena vermelha

Sapatos
Jaqueta verde Tênis novos Shorts legais
bonitos

Meias
Vestido roxo
coloridas
 NEW VERBS

To need – precisar To wear – vestir

Do you need to wear socks every day? Do you wear pants and a shirt for work?
Yes, I ______________. Yes, I _____________.
No, I _______________. No, I ______________.
 COLORS

Blue Green White Black

Red Yellow Pink Purple

Orange Brown Gray

 Light

EASY TO UNDERSTAND Dark

I have a yellow dress.

I need to buy a black jacket.

You don’t wear white socks.

I prefer light blue shirts.

You have to sell a dark gray T-shirt.

I don’t need new blue pants.

 one eleven

two twelve

three thirteen

four fourteen

five fifteen
NUMBERS
six sixteen

seven seventeen

eight eighteen

nine nineteen

ten twenty
EASY TO UNDERSTAND
▪ If we put it together:

I have five green T-shirts.

You don’t have two black pants.

I need to buy seven blue shorts.

You prefer to have four gray shoes.

 NEW VERBS

To need – precisar To wear – vestir To want – querer

• Do you wear pants and a shirt for • Do you want to wear a T-shirt with
• Do you need to buy socks?
work? a jacket for the game?

Yes, I ___________________.
Yes, I ___________________. Yes, I ___________________.
No, I ___________________.
No, I ___________________. No, I ___________________.
 Church
College
Work
School
Walmart Beach
THE VERB Home
Downtown to
Supermarket
Hospital

TO GO Abroad
Bowling
to
the
Movies
Park
Drugstore
TO Bakery
GO

A date
on for A walk
Vacation A swim
A cruise to a A run
A hike
Party
Concert
Bar
 EXERCISES

Do you want to go ________ countryside?

I will go ______ my house now, I’m exhausted.

Do you prefer to go ______ vacation in January or July?

Rumor has it that Chloe and Dylan want to go ________ date!

Hey Billy, what a surprise! Do you want to go __________ a hike some time?

Do you prefer to go _________ movies or ________ show?

I can’t go ________ church today, I have other plans.

 SAY IT: PLACES

Cheap Crowded
Nice bakery Huge mall Wide park Fancy gym
drugstore stadium

Expensive Breathtaking Amazing Delicate

Narrow bank Scary bar
restaurant beach theater coffee shop

Organized Interesting A new Confusing

Silent church Busy hotel
library museum hospital airport
 SAY IT: PLACES

Shopping Academia Farmácia

Padaria legal Parque amplo Estádio lotado
enorme chique barata

Restaurante Praia de tirar Teatro Bar Cafeteria

Banco estreito
caro o fôlego maravilhoso assustador delicada

Biblioteca Museu Um hospital Igreja Aeroporto Hotel

organizada interessante novo silenciosa confuso movimentado
 ANSWER THE QUESTIONS!
Do you go to the park every week?

Do you prefer to go to the mall in the afternoon or in the evening?

Do you want to go to a nice restaurant with your friend?

Do we need to go to the supermarket today?

Do you go to work every day?

Do you want to go to the beach in the morning or in the afternoon?

Do they need to go to the bar tonight?

WHAT O quê?

What do you eat for breakfast?

I eat pancakes and fruits for breakfast.

What do you need to buy at the supermarket?

I need to buy eggs and milk at the supermarket.

What do you want to sell?

I want to sell my computer.
 WH QUESTIONS!

WHAT x WHICH WHEN

• Which: Qual? • Quando?

• Which shirt do you prefer: black or white? • When do you go to the gym?
I prefer the black shirt. I go to the gym in the morning.

• Which juice do you like? • When do you prefer to study: in the

I like strawberry and grape juice. afternoon or at night?
I prefer to study at night.
 • On
DAYS OF THE WEEK • Maiúscula

MONDAY WEDNESDAY FRIDAY SUNDAY

Segunda Quarta Sexta Domingo

Terça Quinta Sábado

TUESDAY THURSDAY SATURDAY

 1. When do you need to buy fruits?

2. When do you go to the gym?

3. When do you prefer to go to the beach?

EXERCISES 4. Which do you prefer: Friday or Saturday?

5. What do you like to eat on Sunday?

6. What do you have to do on Monday?

 WH QUESTIONS!

WHERE HOW
• Onde? • Como?

• Where do you go at night? • How do you go to work?

I go to college at night. I go to work by car.

• Where do you buy clothes? • How do you prefer to go to the park: by

I buy clothes downtown. bike or on foot?
I prefer to go to the park on foot.
 1. Where do you go on Wednesday?

2. Where do you like to go on weekends?

3. Where do you need to go after class?

EXERCISES 4. Where do they prefer to go in the morning?

5. How do you go to the park?

6. How do we usually go to the beach?

 WHAT – WHICH – WHEN – WHERE – HOW

1. Q: ________________________?
A: I go to the movies every month.
2. Q: ________________________?
MAKE THE A: They go to the park in the morning.

3. Q: ________________________?
QUESTIONS FOR A: I like to eat chicken and salad for dinner.
THE ANSWERS! 4. Q: ________________________?
A: My friends and I go to work by car.
5. Q: ________________________?
They prefer strawberry ice cream.
 NEW PEOPLE!

I EU

YOU VOCÊ

HE ELE

SHE ELA

IT ELE/ELA

WE NÓS

YOU VOCÊS

THEY ELES
 I DO I HAVE SOMETHING IN MY TEETH?

YOU DO YOU WEAR PANTS TO WORK EVERY DAY?

HE DOES HE NEED A NEW SHIRT?

SHE DOES SHE WANT TO EAT PIZZA?

IT DOES IT DRINK WATER IN THE MORNING?

WE DO WE NEED TO BUY GROCERIES TODAY?

YOU DO YOU GUYS PREFER BEER OR WINE?

THEY DO THEY GO TO THE MUSEUM EVERY MONTH?

EXAMPLES
 THE THIRD PERSON! SPECIAL!

HE – SHE – IT

Yes, he wears glasses.

Does he wear glasses?
No, he doesn’t wear glasses.

Yes, she buys bread in the morning.

Does she buy bread in the morning?
No, she doesn’t buy bread in the morning.
 1. _________ Alice need a new dress?
2. _________ Mark and Jim want to go to the theater?
3. She _________ (negative) like to wear skirts, she prefers pants.

COMPLETE THE 4. Andrew __________ (to buy) fruits every day!

5. Emily doesn’t __________ (drink) orange juice.
SENTENCES! 6. You and your mother __________ (like) to go to the park on weekends.
7. They ________ (negative) want to sell the house, they like it.
8. She ________ (go) to the library every month.
 1. Does she need to buy fruits and bread?
A:______________________.
2. Does Bryan want to go to the beach this weekend?
A:______________________.

ANSWER THE 3. Does Melissa go to the gym every morning?

A:______________________.
QUESTIONS! 4. Does he prefer to drink red or white wine?
A:______________________.
5. Does Lucy have to sell her car?
A:______________________.
TO WATCH
• Assistir
• She watches TV every night.
TO WASH NEW VERBS!
• Lavar
• Mark washes the dishes after lunch.
TO KISS
• Beijar
• Lisa kisses her daughter before school.
TO FIX O – X – SS – CH – SH – Z

• Consertar
• He fixes everything in his house. + ES
TO PLAY

• Jogar, tocar, brincar. NEW VERBS!

• Maya plays the piano very well.

TO TRY VOGAL + Y

• Tentar. +S
• Andrew tries to play the guitar on Mondays
and Wednesdays. CONSOANTE + Y

- Y + IES
 Instruments

Games Sports

TO
PLAY
A The
TV The dishes The
movie
Someone show garage dog

Series
Some
clothes

TO TO
WATCH Soap A car WASH
opera
 SAY IT: movie genres, instruments and sports
Electric
Piano Guitar Bass Drums Flute
Guitar

Keyboard Violin Volleyball Basketball Soccer Tennis

Football Hokey Action Adventure Romance Thriller

Documenta
Horror Drama Comedy Sci-fi Biography
ry
 SAY IT: movie genres, instruments and sports

Piano Violão Baixo Bateria Guitarra Flauta

Teclado Violino Voleibol Basquete Futebol Tênis

Futebol
Hokey Ação Aventura Romance Suspense
Americano

Documentá Ficção
Terror Drama Comédia Biografia
rio Científica
REVISION: THE THIRD PERSON
 SAY IT!

Beautiful Difficult
Slow song Rock music Long verse
lyrics chorus

Respected Talented String

A drum player Country band
artist singer instrument

Stylish Smart
The mic To go on stage Guitar solo
drumsticks songwriter
 SAY IT!

Letra bonita Música lenta Rock (estilo) Refrão difícil Verso longo

Artista Cantor Banda de Instrumento

Um baterista
respeitado talentoso country de corda

Baquetas Escritor Solo de

O microfone Subir no palco
estilosas inteligente guitarra
 ANSWER THE QUESTIONS!
Do you prefer slow or agitated songs?

Tell the name of a talented singer, in your opinion.

Which kind of instrument do you want to learn how to play?

What does it take to be a respected artist in our country?

Do you know any lyrics by heart?

Which artist do you want to see perform live on stage?

Tell me the name of your favorite band.

What kind of music do you listen to?

 NEW VERBS!
TO TAKE Tomar; levar
I need to take a shower before we go to the restaurant.
Alice wants to take me to the airport.
TO LEARN Aprender
I want to learn Spanish.
Golden Retrievers learn very fast!
TO KNOW Saber; conhecer
Mike knows a lot about cars.
We don’t know her as well as you think!
TO LISTEN TO Escutar
I like to listen to music in the car.
Listen to me, Mark! We need to fix this problem.
 NEW VERBS!
TO SEE Ver
Do you want to see that exhibition in the museum?
I don’t see the problem, Anna.
TO UNDERSTAND Entender
Do you understand Physics?
They don’t understand the purpose of this meeting.
TO MEET Conhecer; encontrar
Nice to meet you!
I need to meet Kate at 7pm.
TO THINK Pensar; achar
I think we need to rest after this camping trip.
Great minds think alike!
 1. What do you want to learn?

2. Where do you want to meet your friends?

3. Do you think we need more time to finish the job?

4. Where do you take your mother on Sundays?

ANSWER THE 5. When do you learn English?

QUESTIONS! 6. When do you listen to music?

7. Do you know how to change a tire?

8. What don’t you understand?

9. How often do you see your family?

10. Do you know anybody famous?

THE VERB TO BE
SER e ESTAR
You are a happy person.
You are not a happy person.
Are you a happy person?
I AM
Aren’t you a happy person?
YOU ARE
HE IS
Where is she?
SHE IS
She is at the mall.
IT IS
WE ARE
What is that? YOU ARE

It’s an expresso machine. THEY ARE

 1. Is this soup hot?

2. Are you tired?

3. Are they a couple?

4. Is she your mother?

ANSWER THE 5. Where is your sister right now?
QUESTIONS! 6. What time is the movie session?

7. When is the final presentation?

8. Who are those people by the cafeteria?

9. Why isn’t she here?

10.Why aren’t they ready?

 PROFESSIONS

Salesman
Firefighter Judge Lawyer Bricklayer Musician
Saleswoman

Mailman Waiter
Police officer Physician Engineer Journalist
Mailwoman Waitress

Businessman
Flight
Business- Nurse Scientist Janitor Architect
attendant
woman

Artist Athlete Pilot Lifeguard Fisherman Ballerina

 PROFESSIONS

Bombeiro Juiz (a) Advogado (a) Pedreiro Músico Vendedor (a)

Garçom
Policial Carteiro (a) Médico(a) Engenheiro (a) Jornalista
Garçonete

Comissário (a)
Empresário (a) Enfermeiro (a) Cientista Zelador (a) Arquiteto (a)
de bordo

Artista Atleta Piloto Salva-vidas Pescador Bailarina

 1. What did you want to be as a kid?

2. What profession do you admire the most?

3. Which profession is overpaid in your opinion?

QUESTIONS 4. Which profession should earn more money?

5. What are the professions of your closest friends?

6. Are they happy at their jobs?

7. Describe the perfect job.

 LET’S PLAY A GAME!

Your opponent has He/she can ask

Choose a profession When he/she
to guess the questions, but the
but don’t tell your guesses, it’s your
profession you answer can only be
opponent turn to guess!
chose YES or NO
 THIS THAT
Singular – perto Singular – longe

I want to buy this car. They need that book for school.

THESE THOSE

Plural – perto Plural – longe

Will you sell these bracelets tomorrow? Do you see those birds near the beach?
 WH QUESTIONS!
WHO
• Quem?
Who do you like in the TV show Friends?
I like Monica and Rachel.

WHY
• Por que?
Why do you prefer to walk to the park?
Because I like to watch the birds.

WHAT TIME
• Que horas?
What time does she go to work?
She goes to work at 8 am.
 NEW VERBS
• Pedir; perguntar
To ask Who do you prefer to ask for help: your sister or your friend?
I prefer to ask my sister.

• Convidar
To invite Do we need to invite our ants and uncles to the party?
No, but you need to invite your cousins.

• Conversar
To talk Hey, Susan. I got your message, what do you want to talk about?
Oh, hello. Yes, I want to talk about our presentation next week.

• Ligar; chamar
To call Bye Lisa! Call me if you need something.
Thanks, Mel! See you tomorrow.
 1. Who do you call if you have a problem?

2. What time do you prefer to call your friends?

3. Why do you want to talk to the principal?

ANSWER THE 4. Who do you see every weekend?

QUESTIONS! 5. Why don’t you ask your sister to go to the beach with you?

6. Who do you prefer to invite to go for a hike with you?

7. What time do you see birds in the sky?

8. Who do you need to ask for permission?

 IF and WHEN!

You need to call the janitor if you need anything.

I have breakfast when I wake up.

1. What do eat when you wake up?

2. Where do you go when you want to relax?
3. What do you cook if you have time?
4. Where do you prefer to go if you need to buy clothes?
 Who – quem?
WHOSE Whose – de quem?

Whose cell phone is this?

De quem é esse celular?

Whose purse is that?

De quem é aquela bolsa?

Whose socks are these?

De quem são essas meias?

Whose books are those?

De quem são aqueles livros?
 GENITIVE CASE

‘s
It is used when we need to talk about possessions

The car of my father is black.

My father’s car is black.

‘My father’ is the person who possesses the object (car)

 GENITIVE CASE
Whose cell phone is this?
This is Gabi’s cell phone.

a) If the object belongs to more than one person: John and Lucy’s house is stunning!

b) If there are two objects and each one belongs to one person: John’s and Lucy’s houses are stunning!

Those are the boys’ skates.

c) Plural:
Those are the children’s skates.

Marcus’s birthday is in July.

d) Names:
Socrates’ ideas are very lifechanging.

e) Implied: I’ll go to Jane’s tonight. (Jane’s house)

 EXERCISES

Julie is _________ aunt. (Emily)

These are our ________ cats. (friends)

Let’s meet at _________ for lunch. (Giovanni)

Where is the _________ shower? (ladies)

_________ and _________ bags are black. (Jack; Joe)

_________ and _________ cat is very cute. (Cindy; Melissa)

_________ followers were attentive. (Jesus)

The __________ floor is clean. (kitchen)

 1. Q: Whose purse is this?
A:_________________________. (Amber)

2. Q: Whose motorcycles are those?

A:_________________________. (Mike and Doug)

ANSWER THE 3. Q: Whose dog is that?

QUESTIONS! A:_________________________. (Lisa and Mary)

4. Q: Whose watches are these?

A:_________________________. (Anthony)

5. Q: Whose jacket is that?

A:_________________________. (Marcus)
 PRONOUNS
POSSESSIVE
SUBJECT OBJECT
PRONOUN ADJECTIVE
I My Mine Me
You Your Yours You
He His His Him
She Her Hers Her
It Its Its It
We Our Ours Us
You Your Yours You
They Their Theirs Them
 POSSESSIVE PRONOUN
POSSESSIVE PRONOUNS
I My

You Your

He His
▪ It is used before the object.

She Her ▪ Whose cell phone is this?

This is her cell phone.
It Its
▪ There’s a wallet on the floor. Do you
We Our
know who it belongs to?
You Your
Oh, that’s my wallet! Thanks.
They Their
 POSSESSIVE ADJECTIVE

I Mine
POSSESSIVE ADJECTIVES
You Yours

He His
▪ It is used after the object or replaces it.
She Hers
▪ Whose car is that? It’s magnificent!
It Its That car is ours, thanks!
We Ours
▪ Is that the Smith’s presentation?
You Yours No, it’s mine. What did you think of it?

They Theirs
 POSSESSIVE POSSESSIVE POSSESSIVE PRONOUN
PRONOUN ADJECTIVE X
I My Mine
POSSESSIVE ADJECTIVE
You Your Yours
He His His
Whose bike is this?
She Her Hers
It Its Its
1. This is my bike.
We Our Ours 2. This bike is mine.
You Your Yours
3. It’s mine.
They Their Theirs
 OBJECT PRONOUN
OBJECT PRONOUNS
I Me

You You

He Him ▪ It is used to refer to the person

She Her who receives or suffers the action:

It It Can you call us tomorrow?

We Us I bought her a gift.

You You

They Them
 EXERCISES

Mark R for “right” or W for “wrong”:

( ) Karol said she bought me a gift. I’m so curious!

( ) Julian is great at History. He said he could help I!

( ) Lisa and me are going to watch a movie tonight. Do you want to go?

( ) Hey, Ally! Patrick invited me to go away for the weekend. Why don’t you come with us?

( ) David and I will get married in October!

( ) She said her could make the cake for the party.

( ) Can you call they? I’m so busy right now.

 DEGREES OF FREQUENCIES HOW OFTEN?

FREQUENCY ADVERB EXAMPLE

100% Always I always wash my hair three times a week.
90% Usually We usually have lunch at noon.
80% Normally They normally go to work by bus.
70% Often She often visits her parents.
50% Sometimes He sometimes helps me with the homework.
30% Occasionally They occasionally call us for advice.
20% Rarely We rarely drive to the beach.
10% Seldom I seldom cut my hair.
5% Hardly ever You hardly ever cook dinner, don’t you?
0% Never They never go to sleep after 2am.
 1. How often do you call your sister?

2. How often do you clean your bedroom?

3. How often do you cut your hair?

4. How often do you exercise?

EXERCISES 5. How often do you have a cup of tea?

6. How often do you go to the supermarket?

7. How often do you watch movies?

8. How often do you do the laundry?

Eu tenho um relógio dourado.
I have a golden watch.

Existe um relógio dourado na mesa.

THERE TO BE
There is a golden watch on the table.

Existem relógios dourados na mesa.

There are golden watches on the table.
 THERE TO BE

THERE IS THERE ARE

There is an expensive car on the street. There are kids in the playground.
There isn’t an expensive car on the street. There aren’t kids in the playground.
Is there an expensive car on the street? Are there kids in the playground?
Isn’t there an expensive car on the street? Aren’t there kids in the playground?
Yes, there is. Yes, there are.
No, there isn’t. No, there aren’t.
 1. __________ a beautiful bird by the lake.

2. __________ a garden in your house?

3. No, __________ foreign students in my classroom.

COMPLETE 4. Excuse me, __________ modern paintings at this museum?

THE 5. __________ a mirror in my bedroom. (negative)
SENTENCES! 6. Where __________ a parking lot in this city?

7. When __________ people at your work?

8. Why __________ a bicycle in the living room?

 1. Q:_________________________________________________________?
A: There is a cat under the bed.

2. Q:_________________________________________________________?
A: There are meetings this week.

MAKE THE 3. Q:_________________________________________________________?

QUESTIONS FOR A: There are people in the office.
THE ANSWERS! 4. Q:_________________________________________________________?
A: There is a game at 4 pm.

5. Q:_________________________________________________________?
A: Because we want to go on a camping trip.
 AS + ADJECTIVE + AS

▪ My sister is as clever as my brother.

COMPARATIVE
▪ Ponta das Canas is as beautiful as Campeche.
OF EQUALITY
▪ Tigers are as dangerous as lions.

▪ Reading is as relaxing as watching a movie.

EXERCISES
1. Who is as beautiful as Angelina Jolie?

2. Who is as brilliant as Albert Einstein?

3. What is as expensive as a pair of boots?

4. When is as cold as July?

5. Where is as exciting as Florianópolis?

6. What is as entertaining as a good movie?

7. Which book is as great as Game of Thrones?

8. Who is as helpful as your sister?

 TO DO X TO MAKE

- To do tasks, activities or chores - To build, prepare, create or execute

- It is used for actions - Expressions
 TO DO TO MAKE
Someone’s job Do your job and I’ll do mine! A cake We should make a cake for the get together!
Someone’s best Let’s do our best even if it’s hard. Dinner My sister makes dinner every other night.
The dishes I did the dishes yesterday, can you do them today? Friends Lisa made a lot of friends in College.

Business It’s an honor doing business with you! Money Joey needs to make money for his wedding ceremony.

Somebody a favor Could you do me a favor? The bed Amy’s son makes his bed every morning.

The homework Do you need help to do your homework? An effort I know you have a tight schedule but can you make an
effort?

The housework My uncle hired someone to do the housework for An exception I usually don’t give away my phone number but I’ll
him. make an exception.

The shopping I can’t meet you today because I have to do the A suggestion I don’t mean to sound disrespectful but can I make a
shopping. suggestion?

Research I did some research on this subject, it’s very Coffee I’m going to make coffee, would you like some?
interesting!

Exercises Doug invited me to do exercises in the morning. Sure We have to make sure that is Anna’s apartment before
surprising her.

Harm We must not do any harm! The most of Let’s make the most of this trip!
 EXERCISES

Could you ________ the laundry today?

There’s so much paperwork to ________!
Could you ________ sure this is Alice’s number?
I don’t have time to ________ dessert. I’ll just buy one!
Did she ________ the homework?
Sorry I can’t go. I’ve already ________ plans.
Andre ________ me a favor yesterday. It was really helpful!
You can stop ________ dinner, honey! I’m taking you out.
 HOW MANY TIMES?

How many times a day – week – month - year do you _________?

▪ How many times a week do you go shopping?

I __________ once – twice – three times a day – week – month - year

▪ I go shopping once a week.

 1. How many times a year do you travel?

2. How many times a month do you go out with friends?

3. How many times a week do you clean your house?

4. How many times a day do you pet your dog?

EXERCISES 5. How many times a week do you read a book?

6. How many times a month do you eat at a restaurant?

7. How many times a year do you cut your hair?

8. How many times a day do you brush your teeth?

 SUPERLATIVE: long adjectives

The most + adjective

Bruce is the most intelligent dog in the neighborhood.

The least + adjective

This purse is the least expensive item in the store.

interesting helpful boring

dangerous amazing careful
beautiful stunning exciting
polite comfortable
 SUPERLATIVE: short adjectives
The + adjective + est
Wow! Your presentation was the coolest one in the class!

If it ends in “e” – we just add “st”

nice – the nicest

If it ends in “y” – we remove the “y” and add “iest”

pretty – the prettiest

If it ends in consonant-vowel-consonant (CVC) – we double the last consonant

hot – the hottest

Irregular: calm old happy

good – the best tall young cold
bad – the worst short cheap fast
far – the farthest big funny
 EXERCISES
1. Which is the ______________________ place you have visited? (pretty)
2. Who is the ______________________ person you know? (kind)
3. Who is the ______________________ person you know? (caring)
4. Where is the ______________________ restaurant in town? (good)
5. When is the ______________________ time in your country? (hot)
6. What book is the ______________________ one in your opinion? (interesting)
7. Which is the ______________________ movie you have ever watched? (boring)
8. Who is the ______________________ person in your family? (old)
9. What about the ______________________ (young)
10.What is the ______________________ activity you practice? (calming)
EXERCISES
1. Which is the prettiest place you visited?
2. Who is the kindest person you know?
3. Who is the most caring person you know?
4. Where is the best restaurant in town?
5. When is the hottest time in your country?
6. What book is the most interesting one in your opinion?
7. Which is the most boring movie you have ever watched?
8. Who is the oldest person in your family?
9. What about the youngest?
10. What is the most calming activity you practice?
 COMPARATIVE OF SUPERIORITY: long adjectives

More + adjective + than

My dog is more intelligent than average.

Less + adjective + than

This purse is less expensive than the red one.

interesting helpful boring

dangerous amazing careful
beautiful stunning exciting
polite comfortable
 COMPARATIVE OF SUPERIORITY: short adjectives

Adjective + er + than
Wow! Your presentation was way cooler than mine!
If it ends in “e” – we just add “r”
nice - nicer

If it ends in “y” – we remove the “y” and add “ier”

pretty - prettier

If it ends in consonant-vowel-consonant (CVC) – we double the last consonant

hot – hotter

Irregular: calm old happy

good – better tall young cold
bad – worse short cheap fast
far - farther big funny
 EXERCISES

1. Is Florianópolis_____________ than Tubarão? (calm)

2. Who is _____________ than the vice-president of a company? (important)
3. Who is _____________ than you in your family? (short)
4. Which place is _____________ than the movies to go on a first date? (good)
5. Is your best friend _____________ than you? (old)
6. What is _____________ than skydiving? (dangerous)
7. What subject is _____________ than Biology? (interesting)
8. Where is _____________ than Alaska? (cold)
9. Which is _____________: a cell phone or a computer? (cheap)
 SAY IT: Relatives!

Loving Understanding Generous Helpful

Funny uncle Worried aunt
godmother godfather grandparents stepmother

The love of Curious Handy Attentive mother-

Angry stepfather Wreckless cousin
siblings son-in-law father-in-law in-law

Outspoken Trustworthy
Loyal daughter- Pleasant Easy-going
sister/brother-in- Bold stepson stepbrother/
in-law stepdaughter nephew
law stepsister

Well-behaved Gentle great- Wise grandma/

Sweet wife Caring husband Needy pet
niece grandparents grandpa
 SAY IT: Relatives!

Madrinha Padrinho
Tio engraçado Tia preocupada Avós generosos Madrasta solícita
amorosa compreensivo

O amor de Primo
Padrasto bravo Genro curioso Sogro habilidoso Sogra atenciosa
irmãos imprudente

Meio-irmão
Cunhado(a) Enteado Enteada Sobrinho
Nora leal digno de
falante audacioso agradável tranquilo
confiança

Animal de
Sobrinha bem Marido Avô/avó
Bisavós gentis Esposa doce estimação
comportada carinhoso sábio(a)
carente
 WHO’S MOST LIKELY?
1. Who’s most likely to cry? 11.Who’s most likely to cry during a movie?

2. Who’s most likely to trip and fall? 12.Who’s most likely to be a stand-up comedian?

3. Who’s most likely to eat the rest of the ice cream? 13.Who’s most likely to hold a Guinness world record?

4. Who’s most likely to perform a prank? 14.Who’s most likely to have the worst handwriting?

5. Who’s most likely to cheat at cards? 15.Who’s most likely to laugh at a bad joke?

6. Who’s most likely to embarrass themselves in front of strangers? 16.Who’s most likely to fall asleep in the car?

7. Who’s most likely to win the lottery? 17.Who’s most likely to forget an important event?

8. Who’s most likely to believe in fake news? 18.Who’s most likely to put their shirt on backwards?

9. Who’s most likely to become a vegetarian? 19.Who’s most likely to be afraid of watching a horror movie?

10.Who’s most likely to carve the holiday turkey? 20.Who’s most likely to adopt an exotic animal?
Simple Future

Eu visito meus pais todo final de semana.

I visit my parents every weekend.

Eu visitarei meus pais no próximo final de semana.

I will visit my parents next weekend.

WILL
I will not visit my parents next weekend.

Will you visit your parents next weekend?

Won’t (will + not) you visit your parents next weekend?

Yes, I will.
No, I won’t.
 1. When will you watch a movie?
2. How will you go to the beach?
3. What time will she wash her dog?
4. Why will you fix your watch?
5. Will you kiss your mother before you leave?
6. What will they have for dinner?
ANSWER THE
QUESTIONS! 7. Where will we sell our products?
8. What time will he play the piano?
9. Who will you invite to your birthday party?
10.What time will you call your boss?
11.Who will you see when you go to the restaurant?
12.When will you talk to your sister?
 MAKING PLANS!
Anna: Hey, Josh! What's up?
Josh: Oh hello, Anna! All good, what about you?
Anna: Everything is fine. Let me ask you something; what will you do this weekend?
Josh: Great! I will visit my mom and my dad this weekend, they live on the beach now.
Anna: It seems great! When do you leave?
Josh: I enjoy it a lot. I leave on Saturday morning. Why do you ask?
Anna: Because there is a concert I really want to go on Friday night. Will you come with me?
Josh: Sure! It sounds awesome. What time do I pick you up?
Anna: At 8pm. I'll text you all the information.
Josh: Perfect. I have to go now, but see you on Friday. Bye Anna!
Anna: Sure! See you, Josh. Bye bye.
 ANSWER THE QUESTIONS!

1. Where will Josh go this weekend?

2. Who will he visit there?
3. Why does Anna want to know about his plans?
4. When is there a concert?
5. Will they go together?
6. What time will Josh pick Anna up?
7. What will you do this weekend?
8. Who will you invite do come with you?
 HOW MANY X HOW MUCH
HOW MANY HOW MUCH

It is used for countable nouns It is used for uncountable nouns and figurative things
(always singular)

How many dollars do you need to buy those sneakers? How much money do you need to buy those sneakers?

How many glasses of juice do you want? How much juice do you want?

How many cups of flour do you need to make a cake? How much flour do you need to make a cake?

How many bars of chocolate do you need to buy? How much chocolate do you need to buy?

How many times do you intend to travel next year? How much do you like traveling?
 HOW TO ANSWER:
Quantity Intensity

HOW MANY…? HOW MUCH…?

Countable nouns Uncountable nouns

A lot of – lots of A lot of – a lot (end of the sentence)

A few A little

Many Much

MANY and MUCH are generally used

in negative sentences
 1. Q: How many lemons do you need to make lemonade?
EXAMPLES A: I need a lot of/ lots of lemons.
2. Q: How many cupcakes did you bake?
A: I only baked a few cupcakes.
3. Q: How many earrings did you buy?
A: I didn’t buy many earrings.
4. Q: How much do you like studying English?
A: I like studying English a lot.
5. Q: How much time do you have to finish this essay?
A: I need to hurry; I only have a little time.
6. Q: How much money do you have in your wallet?
A: I don’t have much money on me, but I have credit card.
 SOME, ANY and NO

SOME
Question – only
- ANY NO
when offering

SOMEBODY ANYBODY NOBODY

SOMEONE ANYONE NO ONE
SOMEWHERE ANYWHERE NOWHERE
SOMETHING ANYTHING NOTHING
 SOME, ANY and NO
SOME ANY NO

I saw somebody going into the I didn’t see anybody going into the
I saw nobody going into the bathroom.
bathroom. bathroom.

She said she doesn’t want to go to

She said she wants to go to
anywhere this weekend, she wants to She said nowhere is better than home!
somewhere relaxing for the weekend.
stay home.

They won’t buy anything at that store. They bought nothing because they
They need to buy something for Jules.
It’s too expensive! couldn’t find what they wanted.

Someone is at the door! There isn’t anyone at the door. There is no one at the door.

Would you like something to drink? Can I get you anything to drink? There’s nothing to drink without sugar.
 THE FIRST CONDITIONAL

IF + SIMPLE PRESENT + WILL

One action depends on the other

Example:
If it doesn’t rain this weekend, I will go to the beach.

IF + SIMPLE PRESENT + IMPERATIVE MOOD

Example:
If you see Lauren, invite her to the party.
COMPLETE THE SENTENCES!

1. If I have time, ______________________________________.

2. ______________________________________, I will travel on the weekend.
3. If she sees you here, ______________________________________.
4. If they arrive early, ______________________________________.
5. ______________________________________, we will meet for dinner.
6. If I win the lottery, ______________________________________.
7. ______________________________________, I will invite them to the party.
8. ______________________________________, I will call the restaurant.
9. If she needs us, ______________________________________.
10.If the weather gets colder, ______________________________________.
 THE SIMPLE PAST

Eu trabalho essa semana.

I work this week.

Eu trabalhei semana passada.

I worked last week.

Past form of regular verbs: VERB + ED

Auxiliar: DID
 THE SIMPLE PAST

I called you yesterday.

I did not call you yesterday.
Did you call me yesterday?
Didn’t you call me yesterday?
Yes, I did. / No, I didn’t.

How do you say “Eu assisti TV noite passada”?

How about “Eu não tomei café da manhã hoje”?
 ANSWER THE QUESTIONS

Did you fix your car last month?

Didn’t you invite your sister to come with us?

When did you travel abroad?

Why did you wash the garage?

What time did you arrive home?

 SOME IRREGULAR VERBS

VERB SIMPLE PAST

to have had
to go went
to do did
to meet met
to get got
to take took
to see saw
to make made
to buy bought
to sell sold
 ANSWER THE QUESTIONS

How did she go to the beach?

Where did they meet?

What did he buy at the mall?

Why did you sell your watch?

When did you see your friend?

 VERB SIMPLE PAST
REVISION: SIMPLE PAST to tell told

to come came

to eat ate

I visited my friends last week. to drink drank

I didn’t visit my friends last week.
to forget forgot
Did you visit your friends last week?
to know knew

to leave left

to say said
She went to the beach yesterday.
She didn’t go to the beach yesterday. to speak spoke
Did she go to the beach yesterday?
to think thought
 1. What did she tell you?
2. What did the doctor tell you?
3. Where did Mike come from?
4. What did you eat for lunch yesterday?
5. Did Lisa drink wine or beer at the restaurant?

ANSWER THE 6. How did you forget your sister’s birthday?

QUESTIONS! 7. Where did you know them from?

8. What time did we leave the party?
9. Why did Sally say that?
10. What did you think of the game?
11. Did she ever speak to you?
▪ Yes, she already _____________.
▪ No, she never _____________.
 THE PRESENT CONTINUOUS

How do you say “Eu leio livros de aventura”?

I read adventure books.

How do you say “Eu estou lendo um livro de romance”?

I am reading a romance book.

VERB TO BE + VERB + ING

They are running downtown. I Am

They aren’t running downtown.
You Are
Are they running downtown?
Yes, they are. / No, they aren’t. He, She, It Is
You, We, They Are
Q: What is she watching?
A: She is watching a movie.

Where is she going?

Is he traveling today?

What are you studying?

Are you driving right now? EXERCISES!

Who is he talking to?

Which recipe are we making?

Are they calling you?

What are they doing?

How many oranges are you buying?

 I am
You are
He, She, It is TO BE GOING TO
We, You, They are

1. When are you going to travel?

It is used to refer to the future time
2. Where is she going to live?

TO BE + GOING TO + ACTION VERB 3. Why aren’t they going to invite Melissa do the party?

4. How are you going to visit your friends?

I am going to travel next month. 5. Who is going to come with you to our dinner?
I am not going to travel next month. 6. What time is he going to arrive home?
Are you goint to travel next month?
7. How old is she going to be next year?
Aren’t you going to travel next month?
8. How many cities are you going to visit during the trip?
Yes, I am / No, I’m not.
 WILL TO BE GOING TO

It is used to talk about:

It is used to talk about:
- predictions;
- things we planned
- spontaneous decisions;
- important decisions
- things which are uncertain;
- or things which are certain
- or things we decide in the moment of speaking

WILL + VERB VERB TO BE + GOING TO + VERB

I think I will visit you next Saturday. I’m going to travel next year.
I think I won’t visit you next Saturday. I’m not going to travel next year.
Will you visit me next Saturday? Are you going to travel next year?

Jane will be so mad if she sees this! (prediction)

I’ll call you later, okay? (spontaneous decision) They are going to get married in November. (planned)
I guess she will buy a dress for the party. (uncertain) I’m going to study Math in College. (important decision)
There’s someone at the door, I’ll get it! (decision in the Barry told me he is going to sell his car. (certain)
moment of speaking)
COMPLETE WITH WILL OR TO BE GOING TO:

1. In a moment, Jill! I _______ just answer this phone call first.

2. Lucas and Chelsea ________ have a baby in three months!

3. My grandpa ________ buy a house by the sea, he always dreamed about it!

4. I sent them a message yesterday. I guess we ________ hear from them very soon.

5. Do you think she ________ be surprised?

6. Lisa decided she ________ to travel around Europe next year, she already bought the plane
tickets.

7. Andrew ________ to rent a car for his parents’ road trip.

8. Camille ________ freak out if she sees this mess!

 PAST TO BE

How do you say “Eu sou uma bailarina”?

• I am a ballerina.

How do you say “Eu era uma bailarina”?

• I was a ballerina.

Negative

• I was not (wasn’t) a ballerina.

 PAST TO BE

Person Present Past Negative Question

I Am Was Wasn’t Was I...?
You Are Were Weren’t Were you...?
He Is Was Wasn’t Was he...?
She Is Was Wasn’t Was she...?
It Is Was Wasn’t Was it...?
We Are Were Weren’t Were we...?
You Are Were Weren’t Were you...?
They Are Were Weren’t Were They...?
 EXAMPLE

I was tired yesterday. They were happy about the wedding.

I wasn’t tired yesterday. They weren’t happy about the wedding.
Were you tired yesterday? Were they happy about the wedding?
Weren’t you tired yesterday? Weren’t they happy about the wedding?
Yes, I was / No, I wasn’t. Yes, they were / no, they weren’t.
 1. Where were you last night?
2. When was your sister at home?
3. Why were they bored?
4. What was behind the door?
5. Were we late?

NOW YOU! 6. Were you afraid of the storm?

7. How was she at the store so fast?
8. What was the most beautiful place you visited?
9. Who was the most charming person you met?
10. Were they alone at the movies?
 1. Q: ___________________________________?
A: I was at home on Sunday morning.

2. Q: ___________________________________?
MAKE THE A: They were together at 5 pm.

QUESTIONS FOR 3. Q: ___________________________________?

THE ANSWERS: A: That girl was Anna.

4. Q: ___________________________________?
A: I was sick last week.

5. Q: ___________________________________?
A: She was sad because they lost the game.
 To feel
FEELINGS AND EMOTIONS! To be

Happy Afraid Guilty Excited Sorry Jealous

Sad Proud Tired Angry Bored Loved

Embarassed Surprised Shy Hopeful

 FEELINGS AND EMOTIONS!

Medo Sentir muito Ciúme

Feliz Culpado Empolgado
Receio Desculpas Ciumento

Orgulho Bravo
Triste Cansado Entediado Amado
Orgulhoso Com raiva

Envergonhado Surpreso Tímido Esperançoso

FEELINGS AND EMOTIONS!
1. What makes you feel embarassed?
2. Who is the shiest person you know?
3. Is your sister proud of you?
4. What are you afraid of?
5. Where do you feel loved?
6. Which is worse: to feel guilty or angry?
7. When was the last time you felt bored?
8. Are you a jealous person?
9. What do you do when you feel tired?
10. Do you apologize when you feel sorry?
11. Do you consider yourself a hopeful person?
 REVISION: THE SIMPLE PAST

He was angry with us. We were excited about the trip.

He wasn’t angry with us. We weren’t excited about the trip.
Was he angry with us? Were you excited about the trip?
Wasn’t he angry with us? Weren’t you excited about the trip?
Yes, he was / No, he wasn’t. Yes, we were / No, we weren’t.
 1. Where was your sister yesterday morning?
2. When were you well-rested?
3. Why were they angry?
4. Who was behind you in class?

ANSWER THE 5. Were you late for dinner?

6. Were you hopeful about the project?
QUESTIONS! 7. What was the most stunning place you went?
8. Who was the most understanding person you met?
9. Were you at the movies last night?
10.When was the last time your family got together?
I washed my hair yesterday.
I didn’t wash my hair yesterday.
Did you wash your hair yesterday?

They were happy about their trip.

They weren’t happy about their trip.
Were they happy about their trip?

She prefers to wear long dresses.

She doesn’t prefer to wear long dresses.
Does she prefer to wear long dresses?

He is tall enough for the rollercoaster.

He isn’t tall enough for the rollercoaster.
Is he tall enough for the rollercoaster?

We will visit Mark as soon as possible.

We won’t visit Mark as soon as possible.
Will we visit Mark as soon as possible?
 THERE TO BE: PAST TENSE

THERE WAS THERE WERE

There was a lizard in my backyard. There were students near the stadium.

There wasn’t a lizard in my backyard. There weren’t students near the stadium.

Was there a lizard in my backyard? Were there students near the stadium?

Wasn’t there a lizard in my backyard? Weren’t there students near the stadium?

Yes, there was / No, there wasn’t. Yes, there were / No, there weren’t.
ANSWER THE QUESTIONS!
1. What was there inside that box?

2. Where was there a show?

3. Were there enough people to play the game?

4. Why weren’t there any questions?

5. What time was there a movie session?

6. When were there people in your house?

7. Why was there a motorcycle in the living room?

8. How many students were there?

MAKE THE QUESTIONS FOR THE ANSWERS!

1. Q:_________________________________________________________?
A: There was a cat under the bed.

2. Q:_________________________________________________________?
A: There were meetings last week.

3. Q:_________________________________________________________?
A: There were people in the office yesterday.

4. Q:_________________________________________________________?
A: There was a game at 4 pm.

5. Q:_________________________________________________________?
A: Because we decided to go on a camping trip.
 PAST TO BE + GOING TO

It is used to talk about things we intended to do, but didn’t do for some reason

Was/were + going to + but...

I was going to walk home, but it started raining.

No problem, Jeff! I wasn’t going to have to attend the party anyway.

They were going to pick us up, but they had a flat tire.

We were going to finish baking the cupcakes, but we ran out of flour.
 ...but it ...but I ...but I woke
started didn’t have up late.
raining. time.

...but I didn’t ...but we had ...but they

TIC TAC TOE see your
message in
a problem
with our car.
got stuck
in traffic.
time.
...but she ...but it ...but it was
didn’t have was too foggy
enough cold. outside.
money.