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Chemistry (Subtopic 4.4)

This document summarizes the properties and trends within group 1 (alkali metals) of the periodic table. It states that going down the group, atomic size increases while melting and boiling points decrease due to weaker metallic bonding. Density increases due to a greater increase in atomic mass compared to atomic size. All group 1 metals have one valence electron and exhibit similar chemical properties of donating that electron to achieve stability, with reactivity increasing down the group as it becomes easier to lose the valence electron. Examples of specific properties of lithium, sodium, potassium, rubidium, cesium and francium are also provided.

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33 views17 pages

Chemistry (Subtopic 4.4)

This document summarizes the properties and trends within group 1 (alkali metals) of the periodic table. It states that going down the group, atomic size increases while melting and boiling points decrease due to weaker metallic bonding. Density increases due to a greater increase in atomic mass compared to atomic size. All group 1 metals have one valence electron and exhibit similar chemical properties of donating that electron to achieve stability, with reactivity increasing down the group as it becomes easier to lose the valence electron. Examples of specific properties of lithium, sodium, potassium, rubidium, cesium and francium are also provided.

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siti nur aqilah
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ELEMENTS

GROUP 1
CHEMISTRY 4.4
Lithium(Li) Rubidium (Rb)

ELEMENTS
GROUP 1 Caesium(Cs)
Sodium(Na)
(ALKALI
METALS)

potassium (K) francium(Fr)


PHYSICAL PROPERTIES

ATOMIC SIZE

-going down Group 1, atomic size


increases
-number of shells occupied with
electron increases
-the distance between outermost shell
& nucleus becomes further
MELTING & BOILING POINT
-Going down Group 1, melting
point and boiling point generally
decrease due to :
-the atomic size increases
-the forces of attraction between
metal atoms become weaker
-less heat required to overcome the
weak attraction forces during
melting & boiling
DENSITY

-Going down Group 1, density increases


-increases in relative atomic mass more than increase in
atomic size
CHEMICAL PROPERTIES

All group 1 have one valence electron


show the similar chemical properties
Li, Na & K have similar chemical properties but different in
reactivity
All group 1 have one valence
electron
do not achieve duplet / octet
electron arrangement
Group 1 must donate one
electron in order to achieve
stability
by donating 1
electron valence
to achieve duplet
/ octet electron
arrangement to
form positive ion
(Cation)
CHEMICAL PROPERTIES

All group 1 have one valence electron


show the similar chemical properties
Li, Na & K have similar chemical properties but different in
reactivity
REATIVITY

depends on how easily the atom can lose /


donate its valence electron
atom which is easier to lose / donate its
valence electron is more reactive
REATIVITY

when going down Group 1, the atomic size


increases
the single valence electron further away from
nucleus
the force of attraction between nucleus &
valence electron gets weaker
easier for atom to lose the valence electron to
achieve the octet / duplet electron
arrangement
the reactivity of Group 1 increases down the
group
soft metals, reactive to water &
oxygen
shiny surfaces

RUBIDIUM, Caesium & radium,


low melting &
CAESIUM, combined other
boiling point
elements, difficult to
FRANCIUM
isolate chemically

very reactive, burn francium(Fr),


easily unstable
radioactive
isotope
EXPERIMENT 4.1
EXPERIMENT 4.1
EXPERIMENT 4.1
VIDEO
THANK YOU!
CHEMISTRY 4.4
made by : Alaniie, Aina, Qaisara & Aqilah

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